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Artists' Perception of the Use of Digital Media in Painting

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Artists' Perception of the Use of Digital Media in Painting Artists' Perception of the Use of Digital Media in Painting A dissertation presented to the faculty of The Patton College of Education of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Cynthia A. Agyeman December 2015 © 2015 Cynthia A. Agyeman. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Artists' Perception of the Use of Digital Media in Painting by CYNTHIA A. AGYEMAN has been approved for the Department of Educational Studies and The Patton College of Education by Teresa Franklin Professor of Educational Studies Renée A. Middleton Dean, The Patton College of Education 3 Abstract AGYEMAN, CYNTHIA A., Ph.D., December 2015, Curriculum and Instruction, Instructional Technology Artists' Perception of the Use of Digital Media in Painting (pp. 310) Director of Dissertation: Teresa Franklin Painting is believed to predate recorded history and has been in existence for over 35,000 (Ayres, 1985; Bolton, 2013) years. Over the years, painting has evolved; new styles have been developed and digital media have been explored. Each period of change goes through a period of rejection before it is accepted. In the 1960s, digital media was introduced to the art form. Like all the painting mediums, it was rejected. It has been over 50 years since it was introduced and yet, it has not been fully accepted as an art form (King, 2002; Miller, 2007; Noll, 1994). This exploratory study seeks to understand the artist’s perception on the use of digital media as an art tool and its benefit to the artists and art education. Grounded theory was used as a methodological guide for the study. Eleven participants participated in this study. Participants for the study were drawn from art instructors who teach at 4-year higher education art colleges located in Ohio and Illinois. The research explored the perception of artists on the use of digital media, otherwise known as digital media in painting. The study relied on interviewing as a method of data collection, which was triangulated with reviewed literature relating to the research. The emergent theory describes how an artist's perception of digital media and digital paintings can be interpreted. It takes into account three main variables: how the artist defines 4 painting, how their definition influences their tool of choice, and their view on the importance of the role and function of painting in the lives of individuals, in society and culture and in art education. 5 Dedication To my Dad, relentless in his quest to educate all his children, my mom who did all she could to make sure I lacked nothing, and my sister, Lydia my coach. Thank you all I would never have reached this point without your support. Above all, I thank God for bringing you in my life. I am truly blessed. 6 Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my advisor and committee chair, Dr. Teresa Franklin, for her continuous support, counseling and feedback through my dissertation my academic process. I would like to acknowledge the members of my committee, Dr. David Moore, Dr. Greg Kessler, Mr. William Schneider and Dr. Deborah Meyer for their support and feedback. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all who participated in this study. I thank you for making time to share experiences, ideas, thoughts and opinions without which I could not have completed this project. I thank all members of faculty and administration who played a part in my academic process. I would like to thank all my family members including, my husband, my daughter, Nana Yaa, my father, my mother, sisters and brothers. Thank you for your love, strength and support. Finally, I would like to thank God for his many blessing and for giving me the strength and courage to complete this process. 7 Table of Contents Page Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 3 Dedication ........................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... 6 List of Tables .................................................................................................................... 13 List of Figures ................................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 15 Background of the Study .............................................................................................. 18 Statement of the Problem .............................................................................................. 20 Purpose of Study ........................................................................................................... 22 Significance of Study .................................................................................................... 24 Scope of Study .............................................................................................................. 24 Limitations of Study ..................................................................................................... 25 Delimitations of Study .................................................................................................. 25 Definition of Terms ...................................................................................................... 25 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 2: Literature Review ............................................................................................ 31 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 31 What is Art? .................................................................................................................. 31 Definition as perception. ........................................................................................... 34 Role of media in the definition of art. ....................................................................... 35 What is painting? ...................................................................................................... 36 Other descriptions of painting. .................................................................. 36 Significance of painting. ........................................................................... 38 Digital painting. ........................................................................................................ 40 Early stages of digital painting. ................................................................ 41 Computer art. ............................................................................................ 44 Evolution of Painting Tools and Materials ................................................................... 47 Prehistoric period (53,000 B.C – 15000 B.C.) .......................................... 47 8 Tools and materials. .............................................................................. 48 Ancient Egyptian painting (3500 B.C - 30 B.C). ...................................... 48 Tools and materials. .............................................................................. 48 Ancient Greek painting (1200 - 31 B.C). .................................................. 49 Ancient Roman painting (753 B.C – A.D 400). ....................................... 49 Tools and materials. .............................................................................. 50 Paintings in the Middle Ages (400 – 1400). ............................................. 50 Renaissance era (Late14th Century - early 16th Century). ....................... 50 Hockney’s theory. ................................................................................. 51 Photography. ............................................................................................. 56 Impressionism. .......................................................................................... 56 Technology ................................................................................................................... 57 Role of technology in lives of individuals, group, and society. ................................ 58 Role of technology in education. .............................................................................. 59 Technology Integration and Art .................................................................................... 61 Perception of technology and art. ............................................................................. 63 Technology in Art Education ........................................................................................ 66 Recognition of Computers and Other Forms of Technology ....................................... 67 Computer applications. ............................................................................................. 70 The value of using computers. .................................................................................. 71 Aesthetic Value and Art Criticism ................................................................................ 73 The concept of originality in art. ..............................................................................
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