A Study on Defect Reduction in IT Based on Six Sigma Patterns Prabhu Thangavelu1, Research Scholar, HITS University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,India Dr M
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The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 A Study on Defect Reduction in IT based on Six Sigma Patterns Prabhu Thangavelu1, Research Scholar, HITS University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,India Dr M. Rajeswari2, Associate Professor, HITS University, Chennai, TamilNadu, India ABSTRACT Anything done by human is error prone. Software is not an exception to that. If software development has its buzz, a bisection of the buzz is because of the fault reduction. As long as there is software, there also will be fault reduction with its own hype. Both are interrelated. But getting a bird view of the software won’t suffice when it comes to pointing faults and defects. It is a painstaking task to get a holistic view to reach the quality’s pinnacle. According to GOST R ISO 9000-2001, quality is "the degree, to which the inherent characteristics of the product meet the requirements," which may not be interpreted in the field of software development. Each software has its own goal with reaching the perfect stage of functional, operational and technicality. If the product works as per the requirement in the superlative degree of it performing the operations confined to the requirement, then it is said to have quality. Six Sigma is a strategy used for defect reduction. It is a statistics-based, process-focused, data-driven strategy and methodology, coupled with management concepts and lean tools, that aims to improve the quality of process outputs. Six Sigma seeks to identify the causes of failures and minimize variability in key industrial processes in areas, such as healthcare, manufacturing, and service. Keywords: Defect Reduction, on Six Sigma, Tamil nadu. 1. INTRODUCTION: In the last two and half decades, Due to globalization and domestic business scenario Indian industries have faced many challenges to compete in the global market. They have initiated many strategies such as TQM, SQC, Lean Manufacturing, but these approaches did not provide breakthrough improvement given by Six Sigma. Six Sigma is a business-driven, multi- faceted approach for reducing the defects and improving the process capability. Six Sigma is a well-structured methodology that focuses on reducing variation, quantifying non -conformance and make products, process and services defect-free. Standard of the software has its own impact on economic growth of any organization. Errors can occur in any phase of the SDLC, it is the allegiance of the developer to identify those and eliminate them then and there because in typical SDLC the errors would cascade to other Volume XII, Issue III, March/2020 Page No:2233 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 phases. The chances are it would be bandwidth consuming to rectify them or it would be almost impossible to ascend back to the earlier phases to rectify them. The consensus about fault is that if there aren’t any pores in the software that would allow errors to pass through then it is said to have quality. If the software has lacking functionality or any inconvenience in the interface or if it has bad code then it isn’t error impermeable software. There are 4 parameters into which errors fall into. They are as follows 1. Type (this is determined by the phase in which the defect came into existence) 2. Criticality (the severity of the defect) 3. Priority (whether the error requires immediate attention or can it be rectified later) 4. Complexity (how time-consuming it could be) The above stated consensus makes evaluating a developed software a plain sail. Errors are expressed quantitatively to identify the phases that are paradoxical in order to decrease the burden and combat for quality. 1.1 METHODS FOR FINDING AND PREVENTING DEFECTS An effective defect search strategy consists in applying a combination of several methods, each of which will have its level of efficiency, expressed in percentages. According to the data of, testing has a relatively low efficiency of defect search (30-40%), and to make it high, it is necessary to increase the cost of the testing process at times (the effectiveness of beta testing for the number of testers over 1000 is about 75%). It is hardly possible to develop software without any defects, but it is worth trying to try to reduce the number of defects introduced. We list the most well-known methods for preventing defects. Prototyping. Creation and testing of the model of the developed system to verify its characteristics and to identify incorrect assumptions and decisions that could lead to serious defects (and modifications) in the development. The use of standards for all types of products produced during the development of software (requirements, design, code, various documentation, etc.). Application of the component approach. Using ready-made components - the less you have to develop new solutions, the fewer errors. Preliminary development of test cases (before the coding stage) allows you to understand better the requirements for the system being developed and better design it. A particular case Volume XII, Issue III, March/2020 Page No:2234 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 of this approach is Test-Driven Development, in which unit tests are developed not before but before encoding. Refactoring the code that is, bringing it into the proper form. Regular analysis of the causes of the appearance of the most serious defects and the search for ways to eliminate these causes. This can occur at periodic meetings of the development team, or you can conduct such analysis for each serious defect found during the system-testing phase or after implementation. The result of such an analysis should be modifications of the development process aimed at eliminating the causes of defects or, at least, contributing to the early detection of such defects. It is also worth mentioning the human factor; no methods will replace the professionalism and experience of developers and managers. Experienced professionals, as a rule, make fewer mistakes, which gives a good background for quality development. 1.2 QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROCESS For quality management, it is not enough to simply use various methods to improve it- they need to be consciously systematically applied, which would become an integral part of the process of developing software oriented toward quality. It is necessary to continuously monitor the quality of the software being developed through quality metrics (defect density, the size of alterations, the average time between failures, etc.), as well as quality control of individual sub- processes that make up the entire development process. Methods that worked well yesterday today can be a waste of time. Each project can have its specificity, which requires a different set of methods for improving quality. For example, some projects (especially critical ones) may require thorough testing of all test cases, in others (when testing is very laborious), more attention should be paid to inspections, third (innovative) will require pre-prototyping, the fourth (resource-critical) will require stress testing, etc.. If you do not constantly monitor the effectiveness of methods, then in time it can significantly decrease. 1.3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Hongbo Wang. (2019). Six sigma is an approach that improves quality by analyzing data with statistics. In recent years there has been a significant increase in the use and development of the six sigma methodology in manufacturing industry and others. It is high time to have a review on the six sigma approach. This paper reviews some related literatures to describe methodology, Volume XII, Issue III, March/2020 Page No:2235 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 implementation and future researches. The present paper summaries four issues within the sub- category of the initial six sigma concepts: basic concept, DMAIC, DFSS and deployment. Then, some sectors that benefit from the implementation of six sigma are listed out, and the key factors influencing the successful six sigma project implementation are identified. At last, some topics for future research are presented. Khawarita Siregar. (2019).The literature review is a review of several published journals on a particular topic. Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is a method that has been widely used in research in various fields and continues to grow, so it is important to review this method to get the most common topics solved. LSS is an ongoing improvement methodology with the aim of reduce costs for producing poor quality, reduce waste of non-value-added activities and increase value for consumers and company. The purpose of this review is to find out the objective of using LSS, the tools used in implementing LSS in the manufacturing industry and to identify the factors that have caused the company's failure to implement LSS. Zhiyi Zhuo. (2019).In the banking industry, which aims to serve customers, management level and service level are one of the criteria for measuring the core competitiveness of banks. An important indicator of management and service levels is to ensure customer satisfaction with the bank used. Six Sigma management is customer-centric, based on data and facts, adopting improvement measures for the process, focusing on preventive control, emphasizing borderless cooperation, continuous improvement, and the pursuit of quality and efficiency management mechanisms. In this paper, we empirically analyze the reasons why banks affect customer satisfaction and design the bank’s Six Sigma service process based on empirical analysis. Finally, in the section, the research suggestions for improving bank customer satisfaction are given. Boby John and Abdulrahiman Areshankar. (2018). Six Sigma is a structured and systematic approach to performance and quality improvement. Six Sigma is a rigorous methodology consists of five major phases, namely definition, measure, analysis, improvement, and control for problem solving.