Lullingstone Roman Villa Timeline Saxons Ad 410 - 1066

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Lullingstone Roman Villa Timeline Saxons Ad 410 - 1066

TIMELINE Lullingstone Roman Villa This resource has been designed to help teachers plan a visit to Lullingstone Roman Villa, which provides essential insight into the lives of the Romans in Britain. Use this timeline in the classroom to help students understand the story of Lullingstone Roman Villa. Get in touch with our Education Booking Team 0370 333 0606 [email protected] https://bookings.english-heritage.org.uk/education/ Don’t forget to download our Hazard Information Sheets and Discovery Visit Risk Assessments to help with planning: • Magic & Medicine • Lullingstone Life Share your visit with us @EHEducation The English Heritage Trust is a charity, no. 1140351, and a company, no. 07447221, registered in England. All images are copyright of English Heritage or Historic England unless otherwise stated. Published March 2017 ROMANS AD 43 - 410 AD 211 AD 401-410 AD 122–128 AD 306 Britain was The Romans Roman Constantine divided into left Britain. Emperor became Roman two separate Anglo-Saxon Hadrian built emperor. areas: Britannia migrants began Hadrian’s Wall Superior to settle. on the border (Upper Britain) with Scotland. with London as its capital; AD 314 and Britannia Inferior (Lower Constantine AD 140 Britain), with its ended the The Romans capital at York. punishment of conquered Christians in the Scotland. Roman Empire and Christianity EVENTS IN ENGLISH HISTORY EVENTS was made legal. AD 43 AD 200 AD 300 AD 400 c. AD 100–150 AD 275–350 A simple villa The villa was remodelled with wooden with a row of heated rooms walls was replacing the earlier rooms, built on a flint and extra rooms for the foundation. baths. A circular A granary and a mausoleum shrine was were built nearby. added close by. c. AD 150–200 A bath suite was built AD 350 and extra rooms were A large, semi-circular added. The owners were dining room was built and making their home more floor mosaics were laid. impressive. It might even have been The heated rooms and Emperor Pertinax’s cellar were converted country home, as into a house-church for suggested by a Christian worship. marble bust and engraved gemstone found at Lullingstone. LULLINGSTONE ROMAN VILLA THROUGH THE AGES THROUGH VILLA ROMAN THE AGES LULLINGSTONE 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY LULLINGSTONE ROMAN VILLA TIMELINE SAXONS AD 410 - 1066 AD 600 Anglo-Saxon AD 450 Æthelberht of Kent was one AD 793 Britain was of the most divided up powerful kings First recorded into the Seven in England. Viking attack Kingdoms: in England. Northumbria, Mercia, Anglia, Wessex, Essex, Sussex and Kent. AD 500 AD 600 AD 700 AD 800 AD 400–500 AD 600–800 Lullingstone Some stones and tiles were taken Roman Villa from the villa remains to re-use in was destroyed other buildings nearby. by a fire. Parts of Lullingstone Roman Villa were buried beneath a thick layer of mud, washed down from the hills. 5TH 6TH 7TH 8TH CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY LULLINGSTONE ROMAN VILLA TIMELINE.

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Lullingstone Roman Villa. a Teacher's Handbook.[Revised]
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 445 970 SO 031 609 AUTHOR Watson, lain TITLE Lullingstone Roman Villa. A Teacher's Handbook. [Revised]. ISBN ISBN-1-85074-684-2 PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 44p. AVAILABLE FROM English Heritage, Education Service, 23 Savile Row, London W1X lAB, England; Tel: 020 7973 3000; Fax: 020 7973 3443; E-mail: [email protected]; Web site: (www.english-heritage.org.uk/). PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Archaeology; Foreign Countries; Heritage Education; *Historic Sites; Historical Interpretation; Learning Activities; Secondary Education IDENTIFIERS *England (Kent); English History; Mosaics; *Roman Architecture; Roman Civilization; Roman Empire; Site Visits; Timelines ABSTRACT Lullingstone, in Kent, England, is a Roman villa which was in use for almost the whole period of the Roman occupation of Britain during the fourth century A.D. Throughout this teacher's handbook, emphasis is placed on the archaeological evidence for conclusions about the use of the site, and there are suggested activities to help students understand the techniques and methods of archaeology. The handbook shows how the site relates to its environment in a geographical context and suggests how its mosaics and wall paintings can be used as stimuli for creative work, either written or artistic. It states that the evidence for building techniques can also be examined in the light of the technology curriculum, using the Roman builder activity sheet. The handbook consists of the following sections:
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Hawkins Jillian
UNIVERSITY OF WINCHESTER FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES The significance of the place-name element *funta in the early middle ages. JILLIAN PATRICIA HAWKINS Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2011 UNIVERSITY OF WINCHESTER ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The significance of the place-name element *funta in the early middle ages. Jillian Patricia Hawkins The Old English place-name element *funta derives from Late Latin fontāna, “spring”, and is found today in 21 place-names in England. It is one of a small group of such Latin-derived elements, which testify to a strand of linguistic continuity between Roman Britain and early Anglo- Saxon England. *funta has never previously been the subject of this type of detailed study. The continued use of the element indicates that it had a special significance in the interaction, during the fifth and sixth centuries, between speakers of British Latin and speakers of Old English, and this study sets out to assess this significance by examining the composition of each name and the area around each *funta site. Any combined element is always Old English. The distribution of the element is in the central part of the south- east lowland region of England. It does not occur in East Anglia, East Kent, west of Warwickshire or mid-Wiltshire or north of Peterborough. Seven of the places whose names contain the element occur singly, the remaining fourteen appearing to lie in groups. The areas where *funta names occur may also have other pre-English names close by.
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The Roman Villas of Wales
THE ROMAN VILLAS OF WALES A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts In History University of Regina by JENNIFER ERIN ROWE Regina, Saskatchewan January 2015 Copyright 2015: J. E. Rowe UNIVERSITY OF REGINA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH SUPERVISORY AND EXAMINING COMMITTEE Jennifer Erin Rowe, candidate for the degree of Master of Arts in History, has presented a thesis titled, The Roman Villas of Wales, in an oral examination held on November 26, 2014. The following committee members have found the thesis acceptable in form and content, and that the candidate demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject material. External Examiner: *Dr. Sinclair Bell, Northern Illinois University Supervisor: Dr. Kenneth B. Leyton-Brown, Department of History Committee Member: Dr. Robin Ganev, Department of History Committee Member: Dr. Raymond Blake, Department of History Chair of Defense: Dr. Christopher Oriet, Department of Psychology *via teleconference ABSTRACT Roman villas are a primary component of the landscape of the Roman Empire. Despite their varying architectural features and appearances, these elite rural settlements are an important element in examining the extent and effect of Romanization within the provinces of the Roman Empire, and are a primary factor in considering the way in which Roman villas developed in the western frontier region of Roman Britain; an area known today as the country of Wales. This thesis will examine the establishment, development and evolution of Roman villas in Wales. Particular attention will be placed on the elements which led to the establishment of villas in this western frontier region of Roman Britain, including geography, climate, physical environment, the economy and the Roman military, while investigating how these domestic spaces came to be one of the most recognizable forms of Romanization within the region.
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'Gnosticism' in Fourth-Century Britain: the Frampton Mosaics Reconsidered Author(S): Dominic Perring Reviewed Work(S): Source: Britannia, Vol
'Gnosticism' in Fourth-Century Britain: The Frampton Mosaics Reconsidered Author(s): Dominic Perring Reviewed work(s): Source: Britannia, Vol. 34 (2003), pp. 97-127 Published by: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3558541 . Accessed: 28/11/2012 11:38 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Britannia. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.215 on Wed, 28 Nov 2012 11:38:52 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 'Gnosticism' in Fourth-CenturyBritain: the Frampton Mosaics Reconsidered By DOMINIC PERRING INTRODUCTION years have seen a renewed interest in the significance of the mosaic designs Recentemployed in Roman houses.1 Studies have concentrated on establishing the mythological sources of the images chosen, and on describing the social and architectural contexts within which such art was used.2 It has long been noted that some of the subjects preferred in fourth-century
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The Lullingstone Roman Villa, Second Interim Report
Archaeologia Cantiana Vol. 65 1952 THE LULLINGSTONE ROMAN VILLA SECOND INTERIM REPORT By LiEtTT.-CoLONEL G. W. MEATES, F.S.A., E. GREENFIELD and EDWYN BIRCHENOTTGH, M.A. INTRODTIOTION THIS Second Interim Report deals with the results obtained during the 1950 and 1951 seasons of excavation and is concerned in particular with the northern part of the building where an important complex of ramps and stairways has been revealed. The Basement Room has also been excavated a further 5 ft. towards the east in the hope of reaching its limit in this direction. The limit has not been reached, however, and the presence of the road and underlying sewer defers further excavation. It is essential to obtain complete access to all the evidence contained in the filling of the Basement Room, as without it not only are we pre- vented from working out its successive purposes, but, even more important, we cannot complete the unique Early Christian paintings that adorned the upper room and which are contained in the filling below. Both northern and southern walls of the fourth century house have now been obtained, and most of the western edge has been defined. As the work on the south and south-west has not yet been completed, the results of this have not been incorporated in this Report. Work has also been carried out on the short corridors north and south of the Mosaic Rooms to obtain more precise dating, and this work is being carried forward into the 1952 season. The evidence here is sparse, but what has come to light suggests an early to mid-fourth-century date for the mosaics themselves.
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Lullingstone Roman Villa
Culture and Society at Lullingstone Roman Villa Caroline K. Mackenzie Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-290-7 ISBN 978-1-78969-291-4 (e-Pdf) © C K Mackenzie and Archaeopress 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Severn, Gloucester This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www. archaeopress.com Contents List of Figures �� iii Preface and Acknowledgements �� v Chapter One: Introduction ��1 Chapter Two: The villa within its landscape setting and the role of topography in the owner’s self-representation ��5 Landscape setting �� 5 Ancillary buildings �� 14 Circular shrine and temple-mausoleum �� 14 Granary �� 16 Comparable villas ��
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Commandeering a Symbol of God: Reevaluating the Use of the Chi-Rho in Roman Britain
Commandeering a Symbol of God: Reevaluating the Use of the Chi-Rho in Roman Britain as a Sign of Imperial Authority By Briar Bennett-Flammer A Major Research Project submitted to the Graduate Program in Classical Studies and Archaeology in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada Final (QSpace) submission August, 2020 Copyright © Briar Bennett-Flammer, 2020 Abstract The Chi-Rho (☧), or Christian monogram, is one of the most common religious symbols in Christian art. Traditional archaeology has considered the presence of a chi-rho to be an indicator of a Christian artifact, as a result of a long-standing association with the figure of Christ. As a result, artefacts adorned with the chi-rho have been consistently used as evidence for Christian activity in Roman Britain. An association with imperial figures, however, has created a need to question the validity of these assumptions in certain contexts. After his “Divine Revelation” Emperor Constantine adopted the chi-rho as his personal sign of military triumph and political authority, giving the symbol dual functions representing both religion and imperial power. In Britain, Constantine’s many personal and military connections may have increased the chi-rho’s imperial role. The symbol appears in the province as architectural decoration, graffiti, and on objects as original ornamentation. When this material evidence is reevaluated with consideration for function, context, potential as a religious and/or secular artefact, and the purpose of the chi-rho as part of the objects’ decoration, the Romano-British chi-rho is demonstrated to be a symbol with an ambivalent nature.
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Volume Two Appendix 1: Catalogue of Known, Suspected and Possible Villa Sites in Britain 4Ppendix 1 Introduction to the Catalogue of Known, Suspected and Possible
Volume Two Appendix 1: Catalogue of Known, Suspected and Possible Villa Sites in Britain 4ppendix 1_ Introduction to the Catalogue of Known, Suspected and Possible Roman Villas in Britain The existence of some villas can be held to be self-evident: they have been at least partially excavated and shown to be rectilinear masonry buildings, perhaps with baths, mosaics arid hypocausts. However, before a site is actually excavated - or given a thorough geophysical or successful aerial survey - it is difficult to discern its exact nature. Any surface scatter of Roman artefacts, particularly building debris, may indicate the presence of a villa. This presents the thorniest of problems to the compiler of a catalogue of possible villa sites, for a field scatter of Roman material may also represent the site of a temple, a mansio, a small town, a 'native settlement' or even a heavily manured field. Yet field scatters must be taken into account, because they may prove to be villas. They are certainly likely to prove to be a settlement of some sort. Even a light field scatter belies a much greater amount of material beneath the surface. Ebcperiments by Ainmerman (1985) and Parker- Pearson (pers. comm.) on the relationship of surface to sub-surface artefact densities have demonstrated that a relatively small amount of material - as little as 2% of the total - is present on the surface at any one time. These results have been confirmed with Roman material in Britain by Gaffney and Tingle (1985) at Maddle Farm (BK27) and by Hayfield at 1harram (NK37)(pers. Comm.).
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The University of Sheffield the Cemeteries In
THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD THE CEMETERIES IN ROMAN BRITAIN EVIDENCE FOR MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE LATE ROMAN PERIOD THESIS SUBMITTED BY: R. CASA HATTON DEGREE OF PhD YEAR OF SUBMISSION: 1999 THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY THE CEMETERIES IN ROMAN BRITAIN EVIDENCE FOR MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE LATE ROMAN PERIOD c THESIS SUBMITTED BY: REBECCA CASA HATION DEGREE OF PhD DATE OF SUBMISSION: MARCH 1999 YEAR OF ACCEPTANCE: 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 SUMMARY 5 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 6 Notes to General Introduction 12 CHAPTER I: ROMAN BRITAIN IN THE IV CENTURY 14 Ll INTRODUCTION 14 L2 ROMAN BRITAIN IN THE IV CENTURY 16 L2. i Economic patterns 16 L2. ii The role of the towns 17 L2. iii The countryside 20 L2. iv Decline of the towns 21 L2. v Christianity in Roman Britain 23 L3 DISCUSSION 28 Notes to Ch. 1 34 CHAPTER II: ROMANO-BRITISH CREMATION CEMETERIES 42 IL I INTRODUCTION 42 1L2 LOCATION AND PLANNING 45 112.i The cemetery sites 45 II 2. ii Planning (or internal features) 66 The act of cremation 66 Cemetery boundaries - 68 Grave markers, enclosures and tombs 69 Cemetery development 72 IL2. iii Location 74 External features 74 Location in relation to the settlement 75 Relocation and cemeteries ofmixed burial rites 76 Observations 78 IL3 DISCUSSION 79 Notes to Ch. II 85 CHAPTER III: ROMANO-BRITISH INHUMATION CEMETERIES 89 HL 1 INTRODUCTION 89 1112LOCATION AND PLANNING 92 IIL2. i The cemetery sites 92 IIL2.
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CONCRETE SOUND MIRRORS UNCOVERED at Fan Hole
THE OLDEST AND LARGEST SOCIETY DEVOTED TO THE HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE ANCIENT COUNTY OF KENT ISSUE 101 - SPRING 2015 www.kentarchaeology.org.uk CONCRETE SOUND MIRRORS UNCOVERED at Fan Hole MAAG Excavation Dampier’s Book Pegwell Bay Historic Photos From the President ISSUE 101 - SPRING 2015 Welcome to the first of our two newsletters for 2015. The response to the new format autumn newsletter has been excellent and we President: hope to repeat the same extended format this autumn. In the Ian Coulson meantime this edition covers the annual programme for the [email protected] Society for 2015 and we hope you find it useful to plan your year. Once again we are working in partnership with several Hon. General Secretary: organizations, Canterbury Archaeological Trust and KCC, to provide Peter Stutchbury training excavations for our members and the public. We are also [email protected] running several conferences with Christ Church University, the University of Kent, University of Reading, Thanet Trust for Assistant Hon. General Secretary: Archaeology, Kent Archaeological Rescue Unit and others! This Kate Kersey allows us to share costs and publicity whilst coordinating some of [email protected] the work across the county and getting everyone together. Thank you to all the KAS members who make these events possible. Hon. Membership Secretary: We have also increased the KAS publicity in the press and Shiela Broomfield elsewhere through the work of Paul Tritton. Lyn Palmer continues [email protected] to edit the newsletter and of course Terry Lawson is editor of Archaeologia Cantiana, our highly regarded research journal.
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Roman Britain | Small Group Tour for Seniors | Odyssey Traveller
Australia 1300 888 225 New Zealand 0800 440 055 [email protected] From $11,995 AUD Single Room $14,195 AUD Twin Room $11,995 AUD Prices valid until 30th December 2021 22 days Duration England Destination Level 2 - Moderate Activity Roman Britain Aug 05 2022 to Aug 26 2022 Explore Roman Britain with Odyssey Traveller Join Odyssey Traveller on this small group tour as we explore the world of Roman Britain, tracing the visible remains of Roman occupation in England and Wales. The Romans occupied Britain for some 400 years and left behind a lasting legacy. While many buildings were pulled down and reused there is still a lot left for us to discover. Join us as we travel in the footsteps of the Roman legions, exploring what remains of their cities, fortresses, villas, bath houses and roads. Roman Britain 23-Sep-2021 1/13 https://www.odysseytraveller.com.au Australia 1300 888 225 New Zealand 0800 440 055 [email protected] Small group tours Roman Britain itinerary This tour begins in London, where we will travel back in time to explore Londinium, roman London, the settlement established on the current site of the city around the year 43. With a private guide we take a walking tour around the London Wall, a defensive wall built by Romans that defined the city’s boundaries until the Late Middle Ages. Though the wall was demolished in the 17th century, the ruins can still be traced through private and public properties. Our London city tour also includes a visit to the remains of an ancient temple devoted to the mystery god Mithras, and a trip to the Museum of London, which houses relics of the original temple.
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The Afterlife of Roman Forts
The afterlife of Roman Forts: a case study of the Hadrian’s Wall region by Laura Caygill-Lowery A thesis submitted for the requirements for the degree of (Master of Science by Research, MSc (by Research) at the University of Central Lancashire April 2019 STUDENT DECLARATION FORM Type of Award Masters of Science by Research (MSc by Research) School School of Forensic and Applied Sciences Sections marked * delete as appropriate 1. Concurrent registration for two or more academic awards Either *I declare that while registered as a candidate for the research degree, I have not been a registered candidate or enrolled student for another award of the University or other academic or professional institution ________________________________________________________ 2. Material submitted for another award Either *I declare that no material contained in the thesis has been used in any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work _______________________________________________________ 3. Collaboration Where a candidate’s research programme is part of a collaborative project, the thesis must indicate in addition clearly the candidate’s individual contribution and the extent of the collaboration. Please state below: _______________________________________________________ 4. Use of a Proof-reader or *No proof-reading service was used in the compilation of this thesis. Acknowledgements I would firstly like to say thank you to my supervisor Dr Duncan Sayer, for his guidance and patience throughout this thesis. Duncan has kindly encouraged and guided me through this work, even at times when I could not see through the fog of unbalance, his patience in me has hopefully paid off. Thank you.
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