Halifax Explosion Question 2, Level 1
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The Halifax Herald – “The Cause of the Catastrophe”
The Halifax Herald – “The Cause #1 of the Catastrophe” The following excerpt is from a newspaper article published in The Significance of the Halifax Herald on December 8, 1917, two days after the explosion. Halifax Explosion Comments in brackets are not part of the original document. They have been added to assist the reader with difficult words. The Halifax Herald December 8, 1917 … On Thursday morning the French steamer Mont- Blanc was steaming up the harbour with Pilot Frank Mackay in charge and reached a point opposite the northern terminals of the C.G.R., while the Belgian Relief steamer Imo was proceeding out in charge of Pilot William Hayes and they were approaching each other. For some inscrutable [incomprehensible / strange / odd] reason the Belgian steamer violated the rules of navigation and the result was that she col- lided with the Mont-Blanc. Soon the Frenchman burst into flames. She was loaded with 5000 tons of high explosives. The crew abandoned her and all escaped safely to the Dartmouth shore. Then came the terrific explosion which destroyed the extreme south-eastern part of Halifax, caused the deaths of more than 2000 persons, and perhaps dou- ble that number rendered 5000 people homeless, and involved a property loss of from $12 000 000 to $15 000 000 … because someone had blundered, or worse. Behind all as responsible for the disaster, is that arch criminal the Kaiser of Germany who forced our Empire and her allies into the fearful war. “The cause of the catastrophe,” The Halifax Herald, December 8, 1917, http://www.virtualhistorian.ca/large-pages/newspaper/405 (Accessed November 6, 2011). -
Planning for Sea-Level Rise in Halifax Harbour Adaptation Measures Can Be Incrementally Adjusted As New Information Becomes Available
i t y i fa x a l P a l h ional Munici eg r Photo courtesy of Planning for sea-level rise in halifax harbour Adaptation measures can be incrementally adjusted as new information becomes available Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), the capital of Nova Scotia, is Atlantic Canada’s largest city. The municipality covers more than 5500 km2 and has a population of more than 390 000. Halifax Harbour, at the heart of HRM, is a major seaport with significant industrial, military and municipal infrastructure. Rising sea level, along with increased storm intensity and associated waves and storm surges, presents risks to damaging storms residents, property and infrastructure in coastal areas of In recent years, Halifax has experienced frequent extreme HRM. Following extreme weather events in September weather, including several major storms that caused 2003 and February 2004, HRM launched ClimateSMART extensive erosion and flood damage. Most notable was (Sustainable Mitigation & Adaptation Risk Toolkit) to help Hurricane Juan in September 2003, a “once-in-a-century” mainstream climate change mitigation and adaptation into event. This Category 2 hurricane made landfall just west municipal planning and decision making. ClimateSMART of Halifax and tracked across central Nova Scotia and initiated discussion of climate change and spurred further Prince Edward Island, leaving a trail of damage to property, adaptation action. infrastructure and the environment (cost estimated at In August 2006, the HRM Council adopted the Regional $200 million). A few months later, in February 2004, the Municipal Planning Strategy, an integrated land use severe winter blizzard that became known as “White Juan” planning guide for future development. -
In This Issue Halifax Explosion
IN THIS ISSUE Grades 4-12 HALIFAX EXPLOSION: 100 Years On Duration: 14:08 It’s considered one of the deadliest disasters in Canadian history. On December 6, 1917, two vessels collided in Halifax Harbour. One was carrying explosives. The ensuing explosion ripped through the city, literally flattening the north end. Two thousand people were killed and another 9,000 were injured or maimed. It's an accident that scarred the city and its residents for decades. One hundred years later, we look back on the events of that harrowing day and how it continues to impact CREDITS people, families and communities today. News in Review is produced by CBC NEWS and Curio.ca Related Curio.ca content GUIDE Key Events in Canadian History (collection) Writer: Chelsea Prince Editor: Sean Dolan Shattered City: The Halifax Explosion VIDEO (feature film) Host: Michael Serapio Senior producer: Jordanna Lake Packaging Producer: Marie-Hélène Savard Associate Producer: Francine Laprotte Supervising Manager: Laraine Bone Visit our website at curio.ca/newsinreview, where you will find an archive of all previous News in Review seasons. As a companion resource, we recommend that students and teachers access cbc.ca/news for additional articles. Closed Captioning News in Review programs are closed captioned for the hearing impaired, for English as a Second Language students, or for situations in which the additional on-screen print component will enhance learning. CBC authorizes reproduction of material contained in this guide for educational purposes. Please identify source. News in Review is distributed by: Curio.ca – CBC Media Solutions © 2018 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Video Review 3. -
Explosion in Halifax Harbour December 6, 1917
Explosion In Halifax Harbour December 6, 1917 Courtesy of Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, MP207.1.184/270,M90.61.15, 40459.tif http://maritime.museum.gov.ns.ca Materials From Halifax Public Libraries www.halifaxpubliclibraries.ca NON-FICTION: Christian Science War Time Explosion in Activities, by the Christian Science Amazing Medical Stories, by War Relief Committee. Boston: Halifax Harbour George Burden & Dorothy Grant, 79- Christian Science Publishing Society, December 6, 1917 84. Fredericton, N.B.: Goose Lane 19__ . Editions, 2003. Cinders and Saltwater: The Story INTRODUCTION: Autobiography, by Benjamin of Atlantic Canada Railways, by Russell, 264-273. Halifax: Royal Shirly E. Woods, 178-180. Halifax: The morning of Tuesday, December Unable to control the blaze, and fully Print and Litho, 1932. Nimbus, 1992. 6, 1917 dawned clear and aware of the dangerous cargo, the unseasonably warm in Halifax. The Mont-Blanc crew abandoned ship, Behind the Headlines! From Moose Crime Wave: Con Men, Rogues harbour was busier than usual, and the vessel drifted toward the River to Shangri-la, by Ralph Kelly and Scoundrels from Nova teeming with ships whose schedules Richmond Pier on the Halifax side. Morton, 15-17. Halifax: Nimbus, Scotia’s Past, by Dean Jobb, 57-66. were dictated by the commerce of Shortly after nine a.m., as hundreds 1986. Porter’s Lake: Pottersfield, 1991. World War I. Halifax Harbour watched from the shoreline and from served as a gathering point for ships windows, the Mont-Blanc exploded The Bicentennial of the Halifax Darkest Hours: The Great Book of being escorted by convoy to Europe, in a ball of fury, laying waste two Fire Department: 1768-1968: 200 Worldwide Disasters From and it was bustling with activity. -
Neighbourhood Change in Halifax Regional Municipality, 1970 to 2010: Applying the “Three Cities” Model
Neighbourhood Change in Halifax Regional Municipality, 1970 to 2010: Applying the “Three Cities” Model Victoria Prouse, Jill L Grant, Martha Radice, Howard Ramos, Paul Shakotko With assistance from Malcolm Shookner, Kasia Tota, Siobhan Witherbee January 2014 Neighbourhood Change in Halifax Regional Municipality, 2 Neighbourhood Change in Halifax Regional Municipality, 1970 to 2010: Applying the “Three Cities” Model Victoria Prouse, Jill L Grant, Martha Radice, Howard Ramos, Paul Shakotko With assistance from Malcolm Shookner, Kasia Tota, Siobhan Witherbee [Three Cities data provided by J David Hulchanski and Richard Maraanen] The Neighbourhood Change Research Partnership is funded through a Partnership Grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. The Halifax team has received valued contributions from community partners: United Way Halifax, Halifax Regional Municipality, and the Province of Nova Scotia (Community Counts). Visit the national project’s web site: http://neighbourhoodchange.ca/ Visit the Halifax project web site: http://theoryandpractice.planning.dal.ca/neighbourhood/index.html Neighbourhood Change in Halifax Regional Municipality, 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • The Neighbourhood Change Research Partnership significant disparities in average individual income (NCRP) is conducting a national study comparing levels. Inequality is a relative condition, ranging trends in individual incomes for a 30 to 40 year from a limited difference in available resources to a period in several Canadian cities. We seek to considerable gap. Social polarization – a “vanishing identify and interpret trends in income to determine middle class” (MacLachlan and Sawada, 1997, 384) whether socio-spatial polarization—a gap between – implies a pattern of increasing income inequality rich and poor expressed in the geography of the which results in growing numbers of census tracts city—has been increasing. -
HALIFAX HARBOUR BRIDGES 2019/2020 ANNUAL REPORT Table of Contents
HALIFAX HARBOUR BRIDGES 2019/2020 ANNUAL REPORT Table of Contents 4 Message from the Chair of the Board of Commissioners 6 Message from the General Manager and CEO 8 By the Numbers 10 Projects in Review 12 Organizational Structure 14 Financial Overview 18 Financial Statements 24 Notes to Financial Statements 2 3 Message from the Chair of the Board of Commissioners “We are looking forward to innovative and exciting projects to ensure efficient harbour crossings and well-maintained bridges.” 4 This annual report was developed in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the multitude of challenges the pandemic presents in the short term, I am pleased to report that Halifax Harbour Bridges (HHB) is well positioned for long term success. Because HHB’s fiscal year-end is March 31, the impact of the pandemic was minimal on the financial statements contained in this report. However, the impact on the 2020/21 fiscal year will be more significant. When the state of emergency was issued in Nova Scotia, the number of crossings dropped to approximately 45 per cent of normal volume. It has rebounded significantly to approximately 85 per cent yet we are forecasting at least a 20 per cent decrease in annual volume and associated revenue for the year. HHB understands its role as steward of the bridges and continues to invest in maintenance and capital projects to ensure the long-term safety of the bridges. In 2019/2020 $11.8 million was invested in capital and maintenance projects and HHB has taken careful steps to closely monitor spending to ensure adequate funding for operations and bridge maintenance in the 20/21 fiscal year. -
HALIFAX EXPLOSION CHALLENGE on the Morning of December 6, 1917, the French Cargo Ship SS Mont-Blanc Collided with the Norwegian
HALIFAX EXPLOSION CHALLENGE On the morning of December 6, 1917, the French cargo ship SS Mont-Blanc collided with the Norwegian vessel, SS Imo causing an explosion in what was going to be the biggest man-made explosion prior to the development of nuclear weapons. The collision took place in the “Narrows”, within the Halifax Harbour which created a tsunami, wiping out nearby communities. Most buildings in the Halifax area were devastated and many people died. This challenge was created to commemorate the 100th Anniversary of the Halifax Explosion. Here are a couple of links for the history of the explosion for Guiders to use as background information. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/halifax-explosion/ http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/rare-video-of-halifax-harbour-explosion-depicts-fiery- aftermath-of-1917-blast-1.3177624 While we recognize that units may use this challenge for a weekly meeting, sleepover or District event and may want to complete as many of the following activities possible, we are asking that units accomplish the minimum based on branch. Sparks Brownies Guides/Pathfinders/Rangers 2 3 5 1 from Section A, 1 from Section A, 1 2 from Section A, 2 from 1 from Section B from Section B, plus 1 Section B, plus 1 SECTION A The Halifax Explosion was the result of two munitions ships running into each other and causing an explosion. Do a science experiment to learn about explosions. Using various materials, build a boat that will float! (Ideas: cork, straws, tin foil, mini pool noodles, tape, wood/dowels/popsicle sticks.) Test if they will float and how much weight (nickels/stones/marbles) they can hold before they sink. -
Map Art, 3 Panel
n T erm in HALIFAX SEAPORT & OCEAN TERMINALS HALTERM COalNs TAINER TERMINAL LIMITED 3 Pie (opreArator of South End Container Terminal) 6 2 Halifax Port Authority d P H e Operator: Halterm Container Terminal Limited Administration Building a h lif S P B ax ier Terminal Size: 74.5 acres / 30.2 hectares ert Halifax Seaport Se A h2 ap -1 0 Farmers' Market k 7 Reefer Outlets: 485 in-ground outlets X 440V L o c OW rt 2 E Pavilion 20 h A R t Throughput Capacity : 750,000 TEU WA r 1 T e 3 3 P ER B 3 S P NSCAD University h ie TR t d r Equipment: • 4 Super Post Panamax (SPPX) EE r e B T Port Campus e h S B e Cranes: 7 high x 22 wide B 3 n . e 8 a r 3 r D Im t 2 C R h h y m 2 Canadian Museum of tr • 3 Panamax Cranes: 5 high x 13 L h t 7 n ig 1 r a A r 3 at Immigration at Pier 21 0 e G M N i h wide I W on O 3 B t M e A c h r R st n Pavilion 22 e t e E in n a B 9 • 3 Ro/Ro ramps T N ex n r o T e 4 3 va M e B 3 4 F A B h Sc R e rm d 3 t o i G • 8,000 ft of on-dock double-stack t l IN P rt i e e r ia m A h n h h n e n L 2 a t ra R l S r 6 C B & O 2 s A e ry rail service (320 TEU) D 3 t M B n h a G S t Ro-Ro e Pa P r Restrictions: No navigational/height restrictions d vilion 23 i e Ramp Be VIA i e o G rth a -R B an e r o try Cr 41 r A m ane Railway C t p e n Gant Pie n 3 ry Station P P e 6 Crane rC Pier B E t 2 r C 2 Ro e h R -Ro G d t d am antry C Be Berth Length Depth (Avg.) Apron Width r r 6 e O p rane rth I a e 2 h A R 42 n S P D o- B h ie R Ro Gan B u t r am try Cran 36 190.5 m / 625 ft 13.9 m / 45 ft Unrestricted A C r A p e RR P e I B -1 N Gantry -
Port of Halifax
P.O. Box 1749 Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 3A5 Canada Item No. 14.1.6 Halifax Regional Council October 30, 2018 TO: Mayor Savage and Members of Halifax Regional Council Original Signed SUBMITTED BY: Jacques Dubé, Chief Administrative Officer DATE: October 23, 2018 SUBJECT: Port of Halifax ORIGIN Public discussion and debate on the future of the South End Container Terminal and Port of Halifax. LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY Halifax Regional Municipality Charter 2 The purpose of this Act is to (a) give broad authority to the Council, including broad authority to pass by-laws, and respect its right to govern the Municipality in whatever ways the Council considers appropriate within the jurisdiction given to it. Business and industrial development 71 (1) The Municipality may (a) solicit and encourage the establishment and development of new, and the establishment, development and expansion of existing institutions, industries and businesses in and around the Municipality; RECOMMENDATION It is recommended that Halifax Regional Council receive a presentation from the Halifax Port Authority. BACKGROUND The Port of Halifax is Nova Scotia’s container port. It is also the largest industrial and commercial port in the Atlantic Region. The current site of the Port of Halifax in the south end has seen cargo handling since at least the early part of the twentieth century with the development of the Ocean Terminal starting around 1913 and further development as a container terminal with the development of the Halterm terminal in the late nineteen sixties.1 In more recent years, there has been periodic discussion in the public and the media about whether the south end container terminal is the best and most appropriate use for those lands and whether the location 1 For a detailed history of the Port, see “Canada’s Atlantic Gateway; An Illustrated History of the Port of Halifax”, by James D. -
The Maritime Aspects of the 1917 Halifax Explosion Joseph Scanlon
Source of Threat and Source of Assistance: The Maritime Aspects of the 1917 Halifax Explosion Joseph Scanlon The 1917 Halifax explosion is usually thought of as an event that devastated the cities of Halifax and Dartmouth. It is true that most of the 1963 dead and 9000 injured were civilians - the largest single group of dead were Roman Catholics and/or housewives - and the greatest damage was to private homes in the Halifax's North End. But the explosion resulted from a fire caused by a collision between a Norwegian and a French ship. It damaged or destroyed four British merchant ships - Calonne, Curaca, Middleham Castle and Picton - and a Norwegian vessel (Hovland). It caused substantial damage to the British cruiser, High Flyer, a US Coast Guard vessel, Morill; three tugs, Hilford, Stella Maris and Wasper B; and another smaller vessel, Raguse. It also destroyed a schooner, San Bernardo. It left Halifax harbour so badly damaged that convoys were delayed, some incoming traffic was re-routed and the Admiralty changed the rules for North Atlantic shipping. After the explosion, sailors from British, Canadian and American ships in harbour helped in search and rescue, and teamed up with civilians to use boats to transport the injured along the waterfront.1 A US Navy ship, Old Colony, became a floating hospital. In addition, two other USN vessels, Tacoma and Von Steuben, arrived in Halifax five and one-half hours after the explosion. For eight days, they assisted the Canadian Army with security. After reviewing the situation in Halifax harbour prior to the explosion, this article looks at the collision that led to the fire and eventually to the explosion. -
Halifax Harbour Integrated Response Plan for Marine Oil Spills [Graduate Project]
Halifax Harbour Integrated Response Plan (HHIRP) for Marine Oil Spills By James Crofton Submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Marine Management at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia January, 2019 © James John Crofton, 2019 Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................................... iii Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................... iv SECTION 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Scope ................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Assumptions................................................................................................................................... 2 SECTION 2 ................................................................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Growth in Shipping and Risk of Ship-Source -
The Halifax Port: an Investigation of Its Role in the Nova Scotia Economy
The Halifax Port: its Role and Prospects in the Nova Scotia economy, with special emphasis on the issue of devolution Michael Tharamangalam* & M. Golam Mortaza Department of Economics, Dalhousie University♣ Paper for submission to the Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Atlantic Canada Economics Association, October 23, 2005 Abstract: Ports play an important role in nearly all countries. They are especially important in maritime economies. This paper investigates the role of Halifax port in the Nova Scotia economy. We consider the historical role of the port, and its natural advantages and disadvantages. We then evaluate the devolution process which led to the transformation of the port from the Port Corporation to the independent Port Authority. Based on a review of the literature and interviews with port executives, we find that devolution has increased economic efficiency, but some aspects of privatisation can hamper the government’s ability to promote socially optimal outcomes. * Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] ♣ We would like to thank Venkatesh Thyagarajan and Patrick Bohan of the Halifax Port Authority for their assistance and resourcefulness. Patrick Bohan was especially gracious in granting an interview which was vital to this paper. We also thank ACEA conference participants for helpful comments and suggestions, and Ian McAllister for providing valuable insights and reviewing an earlier version of this paper. All remaining errors are our own. 1 I. Introduction The Halifax port is situated in the Halifax harbour, a large natural harbour on the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. The Halifax harbour is also considered to be the second largest harbour in the world following Sydney, Australia.