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Orickite and Coyoteite, Two New Sulfide Minerals from Coyote Peak, Humboldt County, California

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Orickite and Coyoteite, Two New Sulfide Minerals from Coyote Peak, Humboldt County, California American Mineralogist, Volume 6E, pages 245-254, 1983 Orickite and coyoteite,two new sulfide minerals from Coyote Peak, Humboldt County, California Rrcneno C. Eno eNn Genall K. CzeuaNsrie U. S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California 94025 Abstract Orickite and coyoteite occur with rare alkali iron sulfidesin a mafic alkalic diatreme near Orick, Humboldt County, California. Both minerals are very rare, and only a few milligrams of each have been found. Orickite,Na,KrCuse5Fer.ooSz.zHzO (x,y < 0.03,z < 0.5),is hexagonal;a:3.695, c : 6.164 (both t0.0lA); D = 4.212g cm-3 forZ:4. The six strongestlines in the X-ray diffraction powder pattern are [d in A, t, (*ttt):3.08, 100,(002); 3.20 90, (100);2.84,60, (l0l); 1.73,55, (103);1.583,30, (ll2);2.20, 15,(102). The mineralis brassyellow and opaque, weakly pleochroic, but strongly anisotropic (from grayish brown to grayish blue) in reflected light. Orickite is compositionally near iron-rich chalcopyrite, but the mineral may be related to synthetic chalcogenideshaving a distorted wurtzite-\2[I) structure. Coyoteite, NaFe3S5.2H2O,is triclinic, Pl or Pl; a : 7.409(8),b : 9.881(6),c = 6.441(3)A,a:100'25(3)',F=104"37(5)',y=81"29(5)':D=2.879ecm-3forZ=2.Thesix strongestlines in the powder patter! are: 5.12,100,(lll);7.13,90,(100);3.028,80,(220); 3.08O,70,(OO2);9.6,60,(010);5.60,60,(01l). Coyoteite is black and opaque;in reflectedlight it is pale brownish gray, faintly pleochroic, and strongly anisotropic (from gray to dull golden orange). The mineral is unstable under normal atmosphericconditions. Introduction Peak, which also gives its name to the U. S. Geo- Several unusual minerals have been found in a logical Survey l5-minute quadrangle map of the mafic alkalic diatreme at Coyote Peak near Orick, area. Both namesand minerals have been approved Humboldt County, California. Previous papers by the IMA Commission on New Minerals and have introduced the minerals erdite, NaFeS2.2H2O Mineral Names. We emphasize the rarity of these (Czamanskeet al., 1980;Konnert and Evans, 1980), two new minerals;our study is basedon only a few bartonite,IQFezrSzo(S,Cl) (Czamanske e/ al., l98l. grains of each found in several specimens. Our Evans and Clark, 1981), djerfisherite, K6Na(Fe, studied holotype material will be deposited at the (National Cu,Ni)2aS26Cl,and rasvumite, FKe2S3 (Cza- SmithsonianInstitution Museumof Natu- manske et al., 1979),also found at this locality. ral History), Washington,D. C., and, barring new Here we introduce two new minerals: orickite, discoveries. we have no other material to distribute for scientific studies. This is particularly regTettable Na"KrCuFeSz.zHzOlx,y I 0.03, z < 0.51, and coyoteite,NaFe3S5.2HzO. In additionto these,sev- in the case of orickite as it has interesting relations eral as yet undescribed, hydrated, Na-Fe and Na- with chalcopyrite, wurtzite, and some synthetic Cu-Fe sulfides are present at Coyote Peak. These chalcogenideshaving a distorted wurtzite structure (Schiifer alkali-bearing sulfides are geologically ephemeral and Nitsche, 1974). and are extremely rare in their occurrence. The only other locality where some of these samealkali Occurrenceand paragenesis sulfides have been found is the Khibina massif on Both minerals occur in small (l-4 cm diameter) the Kola Peninsula,USSR (Chukhrov, 1978;Cza- "pegmatitic" clots, thought to have crystallized manskeet al., 1979). late in the consolidation of the Coyote Peak magma. Orickite (or'ik-it) is named for the small coastal These clots are enriched in Na, K, and H2O relative lumbering town nearest the locality. Coyoteite (ki- to their host rocks and characteristically contain o'ti-it) is named for the local prominence, Coyote phlogopite,schorlomite, aegirine, sodalite, cancrin- 0003-004)v83/0l 02-0245$02.00 245 26 ERD AND CZAMANSKE: ORICKITE AND COYOTEITE ite (vishnevite),pectolite, natrolite, magnetite,and, Table l. Electron-microprobeanalysis of orickite very rarely, calcite. Associated sulfidesare pyrrho- ht Z* Range Recalc. Atmic tite (6l.2wt.Vo Fe,39.l wt.%oS) and one or more of to 1002 ratio (S=2) the alkali-iron sulfidesdjerfisherite, rasvumite, bar- NA 0.4 ( 0.li- 0.53) 0.4 0.03 tonite, and erdite. K 0.2 ( 0.0s- 0.2s) 0,? 0.01 Coyoteite and orickite are rarer and finer grained Cu 31.7 (30.8-32.7) 32.7 0.95 -32.2) than theseassociated sulfides; coyoteite was found Fe 31.0 (30.0 32.O 1.06 s 33,b (33.1-34.4) 34.7 2.00 only in specimen77-CYP-134, and orickite only in ToraI 100.0 specimens77-CYP-134 and 78-CYP-250.The maxi- mum observeddimension for either mineral is 0.4 Average of six grains analyzeq in tro laboratories at 15 and Z0 k[/ using CUFeSZas the stanoard. Six to ten spots per grain xere mm; many grains of orickite are small laths of only occuDleo. approximately 15 x 150 pm. Although grains of ooes not include 1.5-5,1 weight percent oxygen (detected qualitatively by analysis wrth a TAP crystai). Sought for, but orickite have been found within clear sodalite (Fig. not detected: Al, Ca, Cl, Co, Mg, and Ni, 1)and one calcitecrystal, the two mineralstypically occur as isolated individuals within a nondescript dark-gray matrix of complex mineralogy and cellu- lar to lamellar texture. This matrix has the aspectof Park, California, using the theoretical data-reduc- leachingand depletion. Attempts to define better tion program FRAME(Yakowitz et al., 1973);stan- the mineralogy of the matrix through microprobe dards and operating conditions are noted in Tables I and X-ray studies suggest that very fine-grained and 6. All the orickite analyzedwas from specimen pyrite, hematite, native sulfur, and a complex ferric 77-CYP-134 from which several polished-section sulfate(?)phase may all be present, presumably as mounts were prepared. Orickite in one of these alteration products. mounts was analyzed both in Menlo Park and in No relations have been observedthat place coyo- Ottawa, Canada (by J.H. G. Laflamme of the teite and orickite within the parageneticsequence of Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technolo- the other sulfidephases. On the basisof the compo- gy). Table I incorporates both sets of data, for sition of coyoteite and its occurrence (solely within which mean values differ by less than one weight what appears to be a late-formed unstable matrix), percent. From the averagedanalysis, the formula of coyoteite was probably among the last sulfide orickite is Na"KrCus.e5Fe1.6652'ZH2O,where -r and phasesto form. y are both lessthan 0.03and z is lessthan 0.5. This the alkalis and water, is Orickite composition, neglecting identical with that of an iron-rich chalcopyrite (Ta- Chemistry ble 2). Hall (1975)showed that the mineralsof the Both orickite and coyoteite were analyzed with chalcopyrite seriesare metal-rich rather than sulfur the enr EMX-sM electron microprobe in Menlo poor. Until the crystal structure of orickite is known, we shall follow Hall in basing the atomic ratios on two atoms of sulfur. Before further discus- sion of the chemical composition and relations of orickite, however,we first considerthe presenceof oxygen and alkalis in the mineral. Orygen. Using routine analytical procedures, summationsnotably below 100wt.% were obtained for both orickite and coyoteite. Because of our earlier experiencewith erdite, NaFeSz'2HzO(Cza- manskeet al.,1980), we suspectedthe presenceof water or hydroxyl ion. Subsequentanalysis with a TAP crystal, using Fe2O3 for comparison (360 counts/sec)and FeS for background (3 counts/sec), showed that orickite contains up to 5 wt.Vo oxygen. Due to the extremely limited amounts of sample Fig. l. Intergrown crystals of orickite in sodalite (dark gray). available for both minerals, we were unable to The lqng dimension of the photograph is 0.44 mm. conduct other tests for the presence of water or ERD AND CZAMANSKE: ORICKITE AND COYOTEITE 247 Table 2. Chemical compositionsof orickite and chalcopyrite l,leight Z Aton g Mol Z FeS (CuFe52{eS) Cu Fe Cu Fe S Cu/Fe lle/S CuFe52 34.63 30.43 34.94 25.0 ?5.0 50.0 1.00 1.00 0.0 Orick i te* 32.9 32.? 34.9 23.7 26.4 49.9 0.90 1.01 10.2 Fe-rich cp** 32.9 32.3 34.8 23.7 26.5 49.8 0.90 1.01 10.6 Fe-rich cp+ 3l .1 33.2 35.7 ?2.3 27.0 50.7 0.83 0.97 t7.4 Fe-rich cpff 3l .0 34.3 34.6 23.3 28.2 49.5 0.79 I .02 L7.4 t Analysis from Table 1, omitting alkalis and oxygen, and recalculated to 100 rrtz. ** Synthetic. Data of Sugaki et al. (1975): Run ilo. 074 (at 300"C). (See also (1e81). Hutchinson and Scott Natural. oata of Picot and Fevrier (1980) for chalcopyrite fron the East Pacific Rise (Gulf of California). ft Natural. D1!1 of Karpenkovet al.(1974) for chalcopyrite from the Talnakh and 0ktyabrsk cu-Ni sulfide deposits, USSR. Averageof T-we-ntyanalyses (modified here to exclude Ni, 0.27 wtf and Co, 0.OZ). hydroxyl ion. The amount of oxygen in orickite been reported in the resulting products. On the appearsto vary from grain to grain becausesumma- other hand,on the basisofluminescence and reflec- tions of analyzedelements range from 94.9 to 98.5 tancespectra, Shalimova et al. (1974a,b)found that wt.Vo.This range in summationswas obtained from K* ions were incorporated into sphalerite grown freshly polished surfaces, and because these sur- from hydrothermal solutions of KOH.
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