Disaster Profile of Cambodia (2005 – 2017)
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DISASTER PROFILE OF CAMBODIA (2005 – 2017) 1. DISASTER PROFILE Figure 1 and Table 1 showed the number of data cards or records for each type of hazard from 2005 - 2017. There were eight most frequently reported disaster events represented in the pie chart: flood, fire, storm, lightning, drought, pest outbreak, epidemic, and river bank collapse. The hazard reported to be occurred the most frequently was flood, with a total of 3,052 data cards, representing 38% reported between 2005-2017; followed by fire with 1,877 data cards (23.25%); storm 1,414 (17.25%); lightning 893 (11%); drought 581 (7%); pest outbreak 85 (1%); others included epidemic 56 (1%) and river bank collapse 48 (1%). Figure 1: Disaster Topology Table 1: Frequency and Percentage of Disaster by Data Card (2005 - 2017) No. Disaster Data Cards Percentage 1 Flood 3,052 38 2 Fire 1,877 23.5 3 Storm 1,414 17.5 4 Lightning 893 11 5 Drought 581 7 6 Pest Outbreak 85 1 7 Epidemic 56 1 8 River Bank Collapse 48 1 TOTAL 7,389 100 Page 1 of 14 Consolidated By: H.E. Ma Norith, Deputy Secretary-General (NCDM), March 2018 Spatial Distribution of Disaster Figure 2 below showed the distribution of data cards or records of disaster events across the 25 Provinces and Cities in Cambodia. The top five provinces with most report cards were Siem Reap with the total of 1,184; followed by Kampong Cham (709); Kratie (499); Battambang (492); and Prey Veng (470). Figure 2: Spatial Map: Number of Data Card (2005 - 2017) Page 2 of 14 Consolidated By: H.E. Ma Norith, Deputy Secretary-General (NCDM), March 2018 Table 2: Distribution of Data Card and Percentage by Province (2005 – 2017) No. Province Data Cards Percentage 1 Siem Reap 1,184 14 2 Kampong Cham 709 9 3 Kratie 499 6 4 Battambang 492 6 5 Prey Veng 470 6 6 Takeo 451 5 7 Kandal 429 5 8 Banteay Meanchey 427 5 9 Preah Vihear 402 5 10 Kampong Chhnang 304 4 11 Phnom Penh 300 4 12 Kampong Speu 295 4 13 Kampot 280 3 14 Svay Rieng 255 3 15 Tboung Khmum 248 3 16 Oddar Meanchey 239 3 17 Kampong Thom 238 3 18 Pursat 233 3 19 Stung Treng 174 2 20 Rattanak Kiri 145 2 21 Pailin 135 1.60 22 Mondul Kiri 123 1 23 Preah Sihanouk 110 1 24 Koh Kong 108 1 25 Kep 30 0.40 TOTAL 7,389 100 The eight different types of disaster have been recorded from 2005 - 2017. They were flood, fire, storm, lightning, drought, pest outbreak, epidemic, and river bank collapse. The disaster events had occurred across the country. However, Siem Reap, Kampong Cham, Kratie, Battambang and Prey Veng were the most reported disaster provinces. 2. IMPACT ON HUMAN LIFE (2005 - 2017) This section discussed the impact of major disasters on human life. It highlights key disasters that claimed human lives, where and when the people died from different disasters. A. Causes of Human Life Loss The Figure 3 below showed the type of natural disasters that caused human casualties from 2005 - 2017. In accordance with the pie chart, there were several causes included flood, lightning, fire, storm and epidemic. In the period from 2005 - 2017, there were 1,812 people died caused by different types of natural disaster. Lightning was the most dangerous natural disaster which killed 969 people, and followed by flood which 592 people death. Page 3 of 14 Consolidated By: H.E. Ma Norith, Deputy Secretary-General (NCDM), March 2018 Figure 3: Causes of Human Life Loss by Different Types of Disasters Table 3: Annual Distribution of Death, Affects, Injured, and Missing by Different Types of Disasters (2005 - 2017) Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 Event Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Affects Affects Affects Affects Affects Injured Injured Injured Injured Injured Missing Missing Missing Missing Drought - 1,024,335 - - - 100,592 - - - - - - - 31,706 - - Epidemic 4 - - - 2 - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - Fire - 3,082 - - - 1,002 3 - 1 1,448 2 - - 1,662 - - Flood 9 72,567 - - 15 807,202 1 - 2 75,156 2 - 4 43,601 - - Lightning 11 - - - 8 9 - - 29 4 13 - 45 4 11 - Pest - - - - - - - - - 2,378 - - - - - - Outbreak River Bank 440 - - - 309 - - - 4 1 - - 40 - - Collapse Storm 5 1,252 3 - 4 2,442 5 - - 6,238 3 - - 21,507 8 - TOTAL 29 1,101,676 3 - 29 911,556 9 - 33 85,228 21 - 49 98,521 19 - Page 4 of 14 Consolidated By: H.E. Ma Norith, Deputy Secretary-General (NCDM), March 2018 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 Event Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Affects Affects Affects Affects Affects Injured Injured Injured Injured Injured Missing Missing Missing Missing Missing Drought - - - - - - - - - 358 - - - 25,563 - - Epidemic - 1 - - 1 - - - 8 - - - 3 - - - Fire 11 3,330 3 - 2 3,936 - - - 1,319 - - 20 3,850 30 - Flood 32 528,597 17 - 11 141,813 8 - 250 1,884,402 22 - 26 54,909 - - Lightning 94 111 33 - 72 18 27 - 200 5 98 - 137 37 69 - Pest - - - - - - - - Outbreak River Bank - 356 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - Collapse Storm 40 17,204 126 - 5 20,664 55 - - 4,093 11 - 6 4,235 8 - TOTAL 177 549,599 179 - 91 166,431 90 - 458 1,890,178 131 - 192 88,594 107 - Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Event Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Affects Affects Affects Affects Affects Affects Injured Injured Injured Injured Injured Injured Missing Missing Missing Missing Missing Drought - - - - - 14,631 - - - - - - - 250,859 - - - - - - Epidemic 14 12 - - 4 5 - - Fire 31 1,396 13 - 10 15,979 23 - 23 2 14 - 7 - 15 - 2 - 5 - Flood 184 1,893,178 11 - 40 329,272 1 - 2 48,235 - - 17 61,323 - - Lightning 131 2,049 47 - 73 - 43 - 52 14 14 - 40 - 68 1 77 - 74 - Pest - - - - - - - - Outbreak River Bank - - - - 3 - 1 - - - - - - 63 - - Collapse Storm 15 24,867 68 - - 266 35 - 26 2,044 98 - 2 - 8 - 2 - 23 - TOTAL 375 1,921,502 139 - 130 360,153 103 - 101 2,060 126 - 51 299,094 91 1 98 61,386 102 - Death Events Total 2005 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Lightning 11 8 29 45 94 72 200 137 131 73 52 40 77 969 Flood 9 15 2 4 32 11 250 26 184 40 0 2 17 592 Fire 0 0 1 0 11 2 0 20 31 10 23 7 2 107 Storm 5 4 0 0 40 5 0 6 15 0 26 2 1 104 Drought 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pest Outbreak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Epidemic 4 2 1 0 0 1 8 3 14 4 0 0 0 37 River Bank 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 Collapse TOTAL 1,812 B. Spatial Distribution of Death The Figure 4 below showed the distribution of people death by province. The spatial map showed two groups of provinces where the most human death happened. The first group of provinces included Prey Veng (186), Kampong Cham (166), Battambang (154) Takeo (139), Page 5 of 14 Consolidated By: H.E. Ma Norith, Deputy Secretary-General (NCDM), March 2018 and Siem Reap (137). These five provinces had the highest number of deaths, represented 43% of the overall death toll (1,812). There were concentrated in one similar geographical location, the lower part of the country to where major rivers such as the Mekong, Tonle Sap Great Lake and Tonle Basac flow. There were frequently experienced in heavy flooding, which caused the largest number of human deaths. The provinces of which the second-largest group of human lives lost were located around the Tonle Sap Great Lake. These provinces included Siem Reap with 137 deaths, Kampong Thom (130), Banteay Meanchey (104), and Svay Rieng (127). As indicated in the (Table 3), flood was the main cause of human death. These four provinces where attached to the Tonle Sap Great Lake were vulnerable to floods which flowed down from two main sources of the Mekong River and the mountainous areas bordering Cambodia - Thailand. Figure 4: Spatial Distribution of Human Life Loss Page 6 of 14 Consolidated By: H.E. Ma Norith, Deputy Secretary-General (NCDM), March 2018 Table 4: Distribution of Deaths by Province and Different Types of Disasters (2005 – 2017) No. Province Deaths Percentage 1 Prey Veng 186 10 2 Kampong Cham 166 9 3 Battambang 154 8 4 Takeo 139 8 5 Siem Reap 137 8 6 Kampong Thom 130 7 7 Svay Rieng 127 7 8 Banteay Meanchey 104 6 9 Kandal 81 4 10 Pursat 72 4 11 Kratie 69 4 12 Kampong Chhnang 68 4 13 Tboung Khmum 56 3 14 Kampot 53 3 15 Pailin 45 2 16 Preah Sihanouk 38 2 17 Oddar Meanchey 35 2 18 Phnom Penh 34 2 19 Mondul Kiri 31 2 20 Kampong Speu 25 1 21 Rattanak Kiri 20 1 22 Preah Vihear 16 1 23 Stung Treng 10 1 24 Kep 9 0.5 25 Koh Kong 7 0.5 TOTAL 1,812 100 C. Annual Time Series Distribution of Death by Types of Disasters (2005 - 2017) The bar chart below indicated the annual distribution of the human life loss by different types of disaster from 2005 - 2017. The highest death toll had been observed in the years of 2011 (exceeding 450 people), 2013 and 2009 respectively. Flood and lightning were the main causes of death.