Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary Exploration

Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration

Héctor GUERRERO [email protected] INTA - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial SPAIN

EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki) – May 26th, 2011 technical research Spanish Public Research Organization specialized in aerospace technical research and development Spanish Public Research Organization specialized in aerospace and development Mission INTA’s Facilities

CebrerosCebreros (Avila)(Avila) •• INTA/ESA INTA/ESA

RobledoRobledo dede ChavelaChavela (Madrid)(Madrid) •• INTA/NASA INTA/NASA 2,5 km VillafrancaVillafranca (Madrid)(Madrid) INTA •• ESACESAC ((EuropeanEuropean SpaceSpace AstronomyAstronomy CentreCentre)) Torrejón de Ardoz (Madrid)

GranadaGranada (Airport)(Airport) •• Flight Flight testingtesting

SevillaSevilla

“El“El Arenosillo”Arenosillo” (Huelva)(Huelva) •• CEDEA CEDEA

MaspalomasMaspalomas (Gran(Gran Canaria)Canaria) Space Technology Related Activities Participation of INTA in

MARS Exploration Next ‘Martian’ opportunities for INTA Phobos Sample Return

1 Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity 2

MetNet REMS Meteorological Station (+ FMI/Finland) Precursor

3 RAMAN Spectrometer

Exomars 2016 (P/L for the ‘Soft’ Lander) + 2018 (Rover) Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 OUTLINE

1. Why optoelectronic COTS for Space Exploration? 2. OWLS: A driven force for Optoelectronics 3. Irradiation of Optoelectronic components 4. A pragmatic strategy: Systems and Sensors 5. Developing of Radiation Monitors 6. Conclusions Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration 1. WhyEUROPLANET OPTOELECTRONICS Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 COTS for SPACE? Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

1.Why optoelectronic COTS for Space?

• Optoelectronics is a fundamental area of Technology

•Itishorizontal, being used in thousand of applications • Space Systems at Platform and Payload Level are continuously demanding for solutions. Many of them can be addressed by using Optoelectronic COTS Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 1. Why optoelectronic COTS for Space? • Optoelectronic components are produced for massive markets • Continuous improvement of the performances – to go to Space • Few optoelectronic “fashionable parts” are space qualified

New COTS parts need to be tested Continuously!!!

COTS Emitters: A vision of the 90’s Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 1999 Conference on The INTA Paradox for Micro/Nano-Technologies (MNT) MNT in Space for Space at Pasadena (USA) 1999 INTA Vision for NANOSATs by 2010 Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

2. OWLS: A driven force for Optoelectronics Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANETWhat Meeting are (FMI / OWLS?Helsinki), May 26th 2011

Héctor GUERRERO

December 12th 2008 Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 OWLS goal Towards universal connectivity in Space Systems… … but without harness Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Fundamentals of Optical Communications Information is send by means of Intensity Modulation OWLS are optical but Wireless

We need “light-of-sight” or just a “wall” for reflection Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

Evolution to Optical Data Links in S/C ht OWLS were proposed by INTA in 1999 -flig In ns ratio Are they arriving to the Space Systems? ope ng Desi se Pha

ned AIT Man ions miss

ers nch Lau ture Fu ts cep Con Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

First Ground demonstration of OWLS

LEGO Demonstrator (INTA+UPM+CNM)

GSP Demosntrator (INTA+UPM+ALCATEL) OWLS - A “long story”: 2000 OWLS - A “long story”: 2000 LEGO Proof-Of-Concept Demonstrator Proof-Of-Concept Demonstrator (2000) INTA / ESA GSP Contract (16428 / 02 / NL / EC) “Validation of a wireless optical layer for onboard data communications in an operational contex”

OWLS Demonstrator Delivered to ESA (2004)

OWLS CAPABILITIES

•FDMA + WDMA incorporated • 1553-MIL-STD Wireless Bus • 120 optical transmissions (80 Analog & 40 Digital)

Direct Optical link developed by Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

In-orbit demonstration of OWLS

The past: NANOSAT 01 (INTA) FOTON M3 (Roscosmos/ESA) Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

OWLS Experiments onboard NANOSAT 01 Optical Wireless Links for intra-Satellite communications TM/TC of an ACS magnetic sensor & BER link degradation by radiation) Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

Launch FOTON-M3 Life Cycle

Nose-Cone jettison Core-stage separation In-Orbit

Tracking

Landing

Battery Module Retrorocket Service Module jettison burn Re-entry Re-entry Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

OWLS Experiments onboard FOTON M3 Diffuse optical links (without line-of-vision) between OBDH & 2 autonomous units owded Overcr Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

FOTON M3 Harnessing light (Oct. 2007) Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

In-orbit demonstration of OWLS

The future: OPTOS (INTA) Mars MetNet Precursor Mission (Finland-Rusia-Spain) A small satellite with a “great OPTOS (2011) optical heart” (triple CubeSat)

Processing capabilities distributed optically

CAN Architecture / Use of CPLDs

Data transmission with “light interconnections”

OWLS Modules

Mechanical cavity as a “light guide” The ‘first’ Mars MetNet Precursor Mission… …will use our COTS optoelectronic parts

An OWLS link is required in the MetNet Precursor Spanish PayLoad Distribution in the First MetNet station

44 kgkg Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Optical Wireless Modules For MetNet Precursor

Also we are waiting for a mixed signal ASIC (under development) OWLS ASIC

Take care! Space grade mixed signal ASIC… Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

This huge field opened with OWLS made necessary the

3. Irradiation of Optoelectronic components

To get Space qualified optoelectronic parts Our Strategy in Optoelectronics ror Space HARD!!! How to facilitate this transition, from Earth to Space?

By irradiating Optoelectronic and Electronic COTS ? Y?? EAS Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Irradiation of COTS Optoelectronics Components Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Basic Rules / Lesson learned 1 - As it is well established: Displacement Damage is the major factor in degradation of Optoelectronic Devices. Total Ionizing Dose slightly affect the performances of optoelectronic devices Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

Set-up to irradiate with gamma And in-situ measuremnts

The “mobile laboratory” is a 70 kg system (60 cm x 30 cm x 12 cm). It is so heavy beacuse the lead shield to prevent of radiation effects to the condition electronics and to the LED. Hermetic steel capsule which protects the laboratory from the water.

Test pool. Water acts as a “flexible shield” against irradiation to prevent from affecting outside and also to help fixing the dose rate by only approximating or moving away the samples to be irradiated to the gamma rays sources. Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

Parameters affected in photodiodes under gamma irradiation

Typical photosensitivity evolution Typical dark current evolution during a -ray irradiation during a -ray irradiation

Quite small effects for 100 krad (< 1% in most cases) Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Basic Rules / Lesson learned 1 - As it is well established: Displacement Damage is the major factor in degradation of Optoelectronic Devices. Total Ionizing Dose slightly affect the performances of optoelectronic devices 2 - We are measuring “optical” elements. The light “input and output” (experimental conditions) must be preservated before and after of each measurement Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Displacement Damage measurements (p+)

Accelerators • Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland) • Catholic University of Lovaine (Belgium) • Jyvaskyla (Finland) Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

Emitters and Detectors to be irradiated

Optical References (detectors and emitters) for the irradiated elements Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

Test set-up to guarantee the reproducibility in the “quick repositioning” of the devices under test

Before and after each irradiation step you need to measure the components with the same optical conditions Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Basic Rules / Lesson learned 1 - As it is well established: Displacement Damage is the major factor in degradation of Optoelectronic Devices. Total Ionizing Dose slightly affect the performances of optoelectronic devices 2 - We are measuring “optical” elements. The light “input and output” (experimental conditions) must be preservated before and after of each measurement

3 - The dispersion of results in optoelectronic components is large; even with parts of the same lot Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

High dispersion of the resutls on same components Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

Table I – Emitters irradiated at INTA from 2004 to 2009

ow) ow) ow) irradiation irradiation MANUFACTURER + MANUFACTURER + edium - L edium - L Peak Wavelength Wavelength Peak (Cont. operation) (Cont. operation) Peak Wavelength Wavelength Peak Maximum Optical Power Part Number Part Number EMITTER igh - M - igh igh - M - igh EMITTER (H (H Maximum Optical Power Tolerance to p to Tolerance Tolerance to p to Tolerance nm mW nm mW SFH464 OSRAM Opto L 660 11 TSMG2700 Vishay L 830 40 SFH4273 OSRAM Opto L 660 5 LED840 -04AU Roithner Lasertechnik L 840 40

L6108 Hamamatsu Corp. L 670 19 CLE330E Clairex M 850 15 L6112 Hamamatsu Corp. L 670 19 L7558 Hamamatsu Corp. H 850 28 SMT680 Epitex L 680 3 SFH4650 OSRAM Opto M 850 40 SMT700 Epitex L 700 3 L9337 Hamamatsu Corp. H 870 37 SMT735 Epitex L 735 10 HE8812SG OptNext (Hitachi) H 870 50 SMT760 Epitex L 760 20 ELD-920-535 Roithner Lasertechnik L 920 29 HE7601SG OpNext (Hitachi) L 770 38 L9338* Hamamatsu Corp. L 945 24 SMT780 Epitex L 780 20 ELD-950-525 Roithner Lasertechnik M 950 32 SMT810 Epitex L 810 20 SFH4200 OSRAM Opto H 950 35 SMT820 Epitex L 820 20 SFH4600 OSRAM Opto H 950 35 HE8811 OptNext (Hitachi) H 820 40 SFH4209 OSRAM Opto. H 950 40 SMT830 Epitex M 830 20 SFH4248 OSRAM Opto. H 950 50 L3989 Hamamatsu Corp. M 830 13 SFH4249 OSRAM Opto. H 950 50 TSHG8200 Vishay L 830 50 * Also irradiated with  31 different classes of emitters irradiated (more than 200 parts) Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

Hamamatsu & Hitachi emitters Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 OSRAM & VISHAY

High Tolerance

Medium Tolerance

Low Tolerance Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Example of photodiodes tested with protons by INTA

100

80 S5106 (OFF) PC20-7 70 PC50-7 60 C30822 FFD-200 50 C30809 40 TMD5010 TMD5110 30 PC10-07 20

Normalized Responsivity Normalized 10

0 0 5E+11 1E+12 1,5E+12 2E+12 2,5E+12 Fluence (p/cm^2) Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

How to take advantage of this “great knowledge” about Optoelectronic COTS fo Space?

4. A pragmatic strategy Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 A very simple and pragmatic strategy The good optoelectronic parts with ‘low degradation’ under √ radiation, will be employed in space systems and OWLS

The ‘bad ones’, those exhibiting X high degration, will be used to make radiation sensors and monitors OptoelectronicsOptoelectronic COTS at INTATechnologi NANOSATes for Planetary platformsexploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

2009

2004 Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

Finnish Mission

Spanish Instrument

MetNet is an example of the use of our optoelectronics components Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 A 30 channels Solar Irradiance Sensor for MetNet Precursor (2 angular solar sensors included) grated glyinte Hih < 70 g Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

5. Developing Radiation Monitors based on optoelectronics

Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Dark Tower Increment of the dark current after 9 months in orbit Light Tower Decrease of the photocurrent after 9 months in orbit Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 NANOSAT 1B Protons flux detected with Las Dos Torres

NANOSAT 01 SETs detected INTA in the OWLS Satellites channels ‘working’ in tandem Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011

6. Next steps for our Optoelectronics Technology the frameworkOptoelectronic of “Space COTS Technologi Foundations”...es for Planetary exploration th P (and 8 FP) EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26 2011

are proposing some new ideas:

– Fractionated systems for Space Exploration

The MARS SCIENCE BUS

both concepts Optoelectronics will be critical to achieve them 1 - Fractionated systems for A breakthrough concept? Planetary Exploration? > 2006 DARPA AFRL

Development of “Miniaturized Explorers” 1. Launch 2. Mobility

3. Close exploration

4. Making its Mission Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET Meeting (FMI / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 Development of “Small Explorers” Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration MARS SCIENCEEUROPLANET Meeting (FMIBUS / Helsinki), May 26th 2011 7.Enforcing FOTON M4??? Upstream Technologies ESA for& CDTI making – Spanish possible National Delegation this need to push new Exploration Concept

TARGET Making close to Citizens the Mars adventure 6. Conclusions Optoelectronic COTS Technologies for Planetary exploration EUROPLANET MeetingCome (FMI /to Helsinki), Sevilla May 26th in2011 2011!

Thank you! Conference on Radiation Effects on Components and Systems www.radecs2011.org