DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.61.2000.371-448 Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 61: 371-448 (2000).

Birds of the southern Carnarvon Basin, Western : distribution, status and historical changes

R.E. Johnstonel, Allan H. Burbidge2 and P. Stone3

1 Western Australian Museum, Francis Street, , 6000, Australia 2 Department of Conservation and Land Management, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western Australia 6065, Australia 36 Helena Crescent, Thornlie, Western Australia 6108, Australia

Abstract - Geographic range and status is documented for the 279 species known to occur in the southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. The 162 .breeding species ~re mapped, and each was assessed for possible changes m ~bundance durmg the last century. No species is known to have become extinct. For about 75% of breeding species we could not detect a change, but about 13% have increased in abundance and 10-15% have decreased in abundance. These changes are comparable to those reported for a nearby arid area (the Murchison catchment), but are less than those reported for an eastern Australian arid area (western New Wales).

INTRODUCTION these authors did not examine historical changes. The north-west coast was the first part of The present paper is therefore an attempt to do this. Australia discovered by Europeans, and some of the earliest references to Australian , made by MATERIALS AND METHODS early Dutch and English navigators, come from the This paper is based mainly on information held in Carnarvon Basin (see, for example, Burbidge, the 'Storr, Western Australian Bird Data Bank'. This Mc~enzie and Harvey, 2000). This was followed up data bank was compiled by G.M. Storr and R.E. durmg early settlement in the late 19th and early 20th Johnstone between 1970 and 1996 and formed the centuries by field notes from Thomas Carter, a basis for a series of eight regional avifaunas competent field observer resident in the area from covering Western Australia (e.g. Storr, 1985). It 1887 (Carter, 1887-89, 1910, 1917, 1920, 1921, 1923). contains details of specimens held in museum and Whitlock (1921) was another early field worker who private collections, extracts from the literature and provided valuable observations from the the unpublished data of many naturalists. Names area early this century. After that, there were very and follow Johnstone (2001). few detailed sets of observations until the last few The scope of the present work is to summarise for I decades. However, during that time, as in other th~ each species and subspecies our knowledge of local ! parts of Australian arid zone, there were major distribution, ecological status, relative abundance, changes In land use, particularly with the habitat preferences, breeding season, movements introduction of domestic stock. These circumstances and taxonomy. Range is usually given in broad would be expected to bring about a number of terms, for example coasts and coastal plains, or changes in the avifauna of the region (e.g. Reid and eastern zone, and a distribution map is given for Fleming, 1992). Despite this, apart from the regional each species recorded breeding in the region. overview of the District provided by Storr Breeding and wintering ranges, when different (1985) there has been no attempt to review the from total range, are outlined in the species avifauna of the Carnarvon Basin and document accounts. Status refers primarily to a bird's details of the distribution of individual species and ecological status, i.e. whether it is a resident or a any changes that may have occurred. Contemp- breeding or non-breeding visitor, sedentary, orary patterns of occurrence are documented by nomadic or migratory, and very common, common, Burbidge, Johnstone, Fuller and Stone (2000), but moderately common, uncommon, scarce or rare. Habitat preferences are defined in terms of This paper is dedicated to the memory of Robert Lance Pink vegetation and breeding seasons are defined by (1941-1993) who contributed a great deal to our knowledge of months in which eggs are laid. Season of occurrence the ornithology of the region. of regular non-breeding visitors is indicated by 372 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone

113° 115°

24° 24

BemierIsland NatureReserve

--25°

DorreIsland NatureReserve

SharkBay

ne i Peroll < NationalPark 'fi';PE Dirk () HartogI ~~ ~ 1·-'2 J' 26° ,26" ,', /

5 4 32 ,, .....1 WO ! ' 'i, " ~ ~ '/ ~ N (/.l I l1QQloilgaN8,ture ~t ~ 0 25 50 Kilometres ,) 0 t' /; -27 , j: 27° ,"

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Figure1 Locationofbiogeographicboundaries(ThackwayandCresswell,1995)anddetailedstudysites(Burbidge, Johnstone,FullerandStone,2000)intheSouthernCarnarvonBasin. . Bird distribution, status and changes 373

months of earliest and latest records. For vagrants (going back to 1892), the literature (especially and rare visitors, records are individually cited. If papers by T. Carter, EL. Whitlock, A.PJ... Burbidge et no comment is made in any of the above categories al., M.G. Brooker et al., M. Howard and R.E. (e.g. breeding) then there are no data known to us. Johnstone) and the unpublished observations of The region covered by this paper is that part of many naturalists notably RL. Pink, J.R Ford, G.M. the Carnarvon Basin lying between latitude 24°S Storr, P. Stone, N. Kolichis, P.J. Fuller, L.A Smith, and the State Vermin Fence at 27°16'S and bounded J.A Smith, T.A Barnes, RP. Jaensch, G.B. Pearson, by longitude 115°40'E (Figures 1, 2) [see Burbidge, RE. Jolmstone, AH. Burbidge and M. Howard. McKenzie and Harvey (2000) for further detail]. The Historical changes for breeding species were maps provided by us for individual species (Figure assessed in part by comparison of the reports of 2) extend from 23°30'S to 28°S, but it is only within early observers, particularly Carter and Whitlock, the above limits (i.e. 24° to 27°16'S) that we have with reports by more recent observers and our own exhaustively searched for all available records (up knowledge and experience. The second method of to October 1998). Mean annual rainfall ranges from assessing changes was by comparing reporting rate 35 cm in the far south to 18 cm in the far north-east. between different historical periods (Peters, 1979; I In the south most of the rain falls from April to McGowan et al., 1998). We compared the number of October and in the north-east from December to records for a given species for different time periods June (Wyrwoll et al., 2000). using X2 (chi-square) contingency tables. The time Most of the region lies north of the mulga- periods chosen were pre-1951 and post-1950. An eucalypt line (Serventy and Whittell, 1967) which examination of all available data showed that there marks the boundary between acacia dominated were few records prior to 1950, which marked the vegetation in the north and eucalypt dominated point where the reporting rate for all birds vegetation in the south [this corresponds with the increased markedly due to the numbers and efforts boundary between the Carnarvon and Geraldton of field observers. This point in time is conveniently Sandplains Biogeographic Regions of Thackway at about the middle of the period during which and Cresswell (1995); see Figure 1]. In the arid European settlement of the region has been northern three-quarters of the region the Widespread (Burbidge, McKenzie and Harvey, prevailing plant formations are woodlands, scrubs 2000). A comparison such as we have attempted and thickets of Acacia spp., mainly mulga Acacia makes a number of assumptions (Franklin, 1999), aneura in the north and east and bowgada Acacia with the main one being that the reporting rate for a ramulosa and A. linophylla in the south. species will remain constant if the bird does not Watercourses are lined with river gums Eucalyptus change in abundance. This condition may not be victrix and occasionally Casuarina obesa and met if observations come from different geographic Melaleuca spp. areas in different time periods, or if observers Coastal flats and saltlakes are dominated by the change in skill levels, the way in which they detect chenopod genera Halosarcia, Atriplex and Maireana. birds or the consistency with which they record Blocks of mangroves Avicennia marina occur along their observations and the length of observation the coast between the Gascoyne and Wooramel period for each report. Some of these factors cannot Rivers and small stands also occur on Lake be controlled for but we took two steps to minimise I MacLeod and far north of Peron Peninsula. The the possible effects of such factors on our data. Since extensive red sand dunes on the Kennedy Range virtually all the pre-1951 records for the study area are vegetated with Eucalyptus, Banksia and Acacia were from north of the southern end of Hamelin over Triodia. To the south of the mulga-eucalypt Pool (Figures 1, 2), we made our statistical line, i.e. south of Hamelin and Nerren Nerren, the comparisons using only data gathered from north prevailing plant formations are eucalypt woodlands of 26.5 degrees latitude. We further divided the growing mainly on the heavier soils and thickets, species into those with predominantly coastal and heaths on sands. distributions (i.e. west of 114.2° longitude) and Pastoralists occupy nearly all of the region, and those with 'inland' or Widespread distributions. the vegetation has been slightly to severely Sample sizes for the various categories are shown degraded by the grazing of sheep, goats and cattle, in Table 1. and in the far south rabbits. Although the region was visited by European Environment navigators since early in the seventeenth century, The region is divisible into eight major habitat little was known of the birds before the beginning types. of European settlement in the 1850s to 1890s. Even 1. Coastal. Inshore seas, tidal mudflats, beaches today there are still extensive areas east of and coastal cliffs. Woodleigh and south of Cobum that are poorly 2. Islands. Includes the large islands namely, sampled. This paper is based mainly on the Bemier, Dorre and Dirk Hartog and many small collections of the Western Australian Museum islands in Freycinet Estuary. Soils are mainly 374 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone , n' ...•. ,i ~ ! i • • ~.

• • WQoromel r ~ ~i ~r Dirk MD --"'./../ Dirk IIIUftog1 Hllrtogl ••

wo •

;

NE 1-'", I r'

a,Pre-1951 b,Post-1950

------,-- Figure2 Locationsof(a)pre-1951records,(b)post- 1950recordsand(c)allrecordsofbreeding • birdspeciesinthesouthernCarnarvonBasin. Coverageofrecordsfromsouthofthedashed lineataboutlatitude27.25°5isincomplete.

white sandsoverlimestone.Mean annual • rainfallabout30cm,mostofitfallinginwinter. 3. Mangal. Blocks ofmangal occuronLake MacLeodandoncoastbetweenMiaboolia Beach andLongPoint,alsonorthernPeron Peninsula. Only onespeciesofmangrove

Dirk Avicenniamarinaoccursintheregionandstands Hnrtogl varyfromwoodlandtostuntedshrubland. 4. Coastal Plains.ExtendingfromCape Cuvier southtoSharkBay; includescoastalflats (samphire-saltbushflats),saltlakes,coastal

j ~ 1,'11-'• Table1 Recordsofbreedingbirdspecies(birdspecies ,j. bylocationbyyear),forcoastalandinland distributionpatterns,forthepre-1951and post-1950periods.

Nooftaxa Pre-1951 Post-1950 Totals

• coastal 32 353 1243 1596 'inland' 603 9573 10176 c,All 130 Totals 162 956 10816 11772 Bird distribution, status and changes 375

dunes and white calcareous sands of coastal Megapodiidae dunes. Generally extends inland for about 10 Leipoa ocellata Gould, 1840 Malleefowl' km. North to Tamala, and the southern quarter of 5. Eastern Acacia Zone. This occupies nearly all of Peron Peninsula, and the southern boundary of the eastern part of the region from Boologooro Woodleigh and Talisker Stations. Formerly further and Mardathuna south to the mulga - eucalypt north on northern Peron Peninsula, east coast of line. It consists mainly of red-soil plains (red Hamelin Pool, on Boolathana and between Lake clays and sandy loams predominate) with some MacLeod and the sea. Recently re-introduced by the areas of red sand dunes e.g. on Boologooro, Western Australian Department of Conservation Mardathuna and . The prevailing and Land Management to northern parts of Peron vegetation is Acacia scrub, mainly mulga Acacia Peninsula. The northern limit of this species in aneura in the north and bowgada Acacia ramulosa Western Australia. Originally common and and A. linophylla in the south. Mean annual widespread, now uncommon and patchily rainfall ranges from 20 to 28 cm. distributed. Mainly in mallee and tea-tree scrub on 6. Kennedy Range. A steep escarpment with an Tamala and Peron Peninsula and mainly in acacia extensive tableland about 80 km long, covered thickets on Woodleigh and Talisker. Breeding in with deep red sand dunes. The vegetation on August-December. the sand dunes is mainly Grevillea, Acacia and Banksia over Triodia and the interdune sandplain is mainly scattered mallee (Eucalyptus) over Phasianidae Triodia. Coturnix pectoralis Gould, 1837 Stubble Quail 7. Southern Eucalypt Zone. Comprising the Shark Mainly western part of region, including Dirk Bay sand plains (Edel Land, base of Peron Hartog, Baudin and Salutation Islands. Uncommon Peninsula, Tamala and the southern part of the visitor from south-western Australia (mainly April- region north to the mulga-eucalypt line. Soils November), in ones, twos or small parties (up to grading from white sands over limestone to 15). Favours lightly wooded grasslands and reddish sands and loams. Vegetation is highly lakeside flats with samphire and Nitraria. Breeding varied assemblage of shrubs and low trees recorded in April and August. mainly Eucalyptus, Banksia, Melaleuca, Hakea and Grevillea spp. In the far south of the region there Coturnix ypsilophora australis (Latham, 1802) Brown are extensive eucalypt woodlands including Quail tracts of York Gum Eucalyptus loxophleba. One (unconfirmed) record from near Carnarvon 8. Watercourses. Comprising the Gascoyne and on 19 September 1984 in rank grass and low trees Wooramel rivers and other minor watercourses. beside a swamp. Vegetation consists mainly of river gums Eucalyptus victrix, Casuarina, Acacia and Anatidae Melaleuca spp. Anseranas semipalmata (Latham, 1798) Magpie Goose Rare vagrant visitor probably from Kimberley- LIST OF BIRDS eight at Carnarvon in July 1952 (Storr, 1985). See Appendix 1 for distribution maps of Dendrocygna eytoni (Eyton, 1838) Plumed Whistling individual species known or suspected to breed in Duck the Carnarvon Basin. Infrequent and very rare visitor, recorded on Boolathana Station in August 1984 at Carnarvon Casuariidae sewage ponds in May 1982 and on the in October 1986. Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) Emu Found throughout the region including Faure I. (but Dendrocygna arcuata (Horsfield, 1824) Wandering not Dirk Hartog, Bernier and Dorre Is). Moderately Whistling Duck common, usually in ones, twos, family parties or small Rare visitor probably from Kimberley. Two at flocks (up to 50) and larger aggregations insouth-west McNeill Claypan on 17 September 1996 (D. James of region where movements impeded by state vermin personal communication). fence. Favours lightly wooded flats and riverine and coastal plains with good grass and herbage. Breeding Stictonetta naevosa (Gould, 1841) Freckled Duck late April-early June. Has increased in abundance Rare visitor from south-west of State. Several shot during the last century (Table 2). Emus have also on a pool on the lower Gascoyne by Tom Carter in increased in pastoral country elsewhere, apparently September 1913. Also recorded just outside of due to the provision of artificial water sources (e.g. region on the Lyons River near Mt Augustus in Davies, 1969). October 1983. 376 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone

Cygnus atratus (Latham, 1790) Black Swan Scarce visitor from south-west, in ones, twos or Greater part of region, north to Lake MacLeod small flocks. Flooded swamps, saltlakes and and the and inland to Gascoyne claypans, also river pools and artesian bore Junction, but absent from waterless country in overflows (especially Hamelin Pool). south-west. Mainly a scarce (in dry years) to moderately common (in wet years) visitor from Malacorhynchus membranaceus (Latham, 1802) Pink- south-west of State, in pairs or small flocks (l;lp to eared Duck 25). Favours inundated saltlakes, claypans, swamps, Uncommon visitor, probably mainly from the river pools, artesian bore overflows and saltwork south-west, to many parts of region, usually in pairs ponds. Breeding reported just outside the region in or small parties, sometimes flocks (up to 8). Mainly March-May and October-November. flooded saltlakes, claypans, swamps and billabongs, also river pools and artesian bore overflows. Tadorna tadornoides (Jardine and Selby, 1828) Australian Shelduck Aythya australis (Eyton, 1838) Hardhead. Throughout the region, including Dirk Hartog L Throughout the region. Scarce visitor from south- and Freycinet Estuary. Uncommon visitor from west of State, single or in small flocks (up to 5). south-west Australia, usually in ones, twos or small Swamps, river pools and saltwork ponds. parties, occasionally flocks (up to 40). Sheltered seas, tidal pools, flooded saltlakes, claypans, Podicipedidae swamps, river pools and artesian bore overflows. Breeding just outside the region in July-August. Tachybaptus novaehollandiae novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826) Australasian Grebe Chenonetta jubata (Latham, 1802) Australian Wood Uncommon visitor (all months) to greater part of Duck region. Usually in ones or twos, occasionally flocks Greater part of the region. Uncommon to (up to 100). River pools, ephemeral waters (flooded moderately common visitor from south-west of claypans, swamps and gravel pits) and artesian State, usually in ones, twos or small parties (up to bore overflows. 7). River pools, flooded claypans and other Poliocephalus poliocephalus (Jardine and Selby, 1827) ephemeral waters. No breeding records for Hoary-headed Grebe Carnarvon Basin. Mainly a non-breeding visitor (all months) to greater Anas gracilis Buller, 1869 Grey Teal part of region (but mostly on the Gascoyne and absent Greater part of region, including Dirk Hartog L, from waterless south-western corner). Scarce or but less frequent in waterless south-west. Nomadic. uncommon, usually in ones or twos but occasionally Moderately common to common often breeding, in small flocks (up to 44). Flooded claypans and swamps, ones, twos, small parties or flocks (up to 200). also river pools and artesian bore overflows. One Flooded saltlakes and claypans, swamps, breeding report (August). Has apparently increased floodwaters, artesian bore overflows and saltwork in abundance (first record in 1962). ponds. Breeding recorded in March-August. Podiceps cristatus australis Gould, 1844 Great Crested Anas castanea (Eyton, 1838) Chestnut Teal Grebe Formerly occurring in mangrove creeks near Two records, both on northern Lake MacLeod: Carnarvon. In 1916 T. Carter (1920) was told that flocks of 4 and 20 observed by J.A.K. Lane on 13 green-headed teal were often seen and shot in large and 14 May 1977, and 3 birds observed by S. Halse and deep mangrove creeks some miles north of in 1994. Carnarvon. Spheniscidae Anas superciliosa Gmelin, 1789 Pacific Black Duck Throughout the region. Uncommon visitor, Eudyptula minor novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826) probably mainly from the south-west, occasionally Little Penguin breeding, usually in ones, twos or small parties, Vagrant, reported as far north as False Entrance occasionally flocks (up to 100). Fresh and brackish (Edel Land) (Serventy and Whittell, 1976: 71). waters including river and tidal pools, flooded claypans, swamps and artesian bore overflows. Procellariidae Dated breeding records from just outside the region March-May. Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin, 1789) Southern Giant Petrel Anas rhynchotis rhynchotis Latham, 1802 Scarce winter visitor (June-July) to open seas. All Australasian Shoveler specimens found with bands were birds of the year, Mainly western zone (coastal plains), north to banded on Anvers L, Signy L and Bird L (South Minilya and east to Boolathana and . Georgia). . Bird distribution, status and changes 377

Macronectes halli Mathews, 1912 Northern Giant observed by T. Gregory. A few kilometres west of Petrel Cape Inscription in July 1938. Rare visitor. A nestling banded on Macquarie 1. in February 1970, recovered off Cape Cuvier in July 1970. Diomedea chlororhynchos bassi Mathews, 1912 Yellow-nosed Albatross Daption capense (Linnaeus, 1758) Cape Petrel Common visitor (May-November) from the south Scarce winter visitor from subantarctic to open to open seas. seas, in ones or twos.

Pterodroma lessonii (Garnot, 1826) White-headed Hydrobatidae Petrel Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl, 1820) Wilson's Storm Rare winter visitor from subantarctic to seas well Petrel offshore. Moderately common winter visitor and passage migrant from subantarctic to open seas. Pterodroma mollis (Gould, 1844) Soft-plumaged Petrel Common winter visitor (May-July) from Phaethontidae subantarctic to seas well offshore. Phaethon rubricauda Boddaert, 1783 Red-tailed Tropicbird Halobaena caerulea (Gmelin, 1789) Blue Petrel One record: a bird probably this species observed One record: a bird tentatively identified by KW. south-west of Dirk Hartog 1. by E. Ashby in late Ferguson well offshore on 26 May 1919. September 1927. Calonectris leucomelas (Temminck, 1835) Streaked Shearwater Sulidae Summer visitor from to open seas. Sula bassana serrator (G.R. Gray, 1843) Australasian Gannet Puffinus pacificus (Gmelin, 1789) Wedge-tailed Rare visitor (mid May-late August) from the Shearwater south to open seas. Common to very common breeding visitor to islands in Freycinet Estuary and adjacent seas. Anhigidae Mainly ones and twos also small flocks (up to lOO), Anhinga melanogaster novaehollandiae (Gould, 1847) sometimes close to mainland (). Breeding Darter mid November-early December on small islands in Mainly Lake MacLeod and the lower Gascoyne. Freycinet Estuary (Slope (formerly), Friday, Lefebre, Uncommon, ones, twos or small parties (up to 10). Charlie, Freycinet, Double and Baudin). This is the Permanent pools on Lake MacLeod, Lake Julia and only dimorphic population in Australia with 20% of on the Gascoyne. Breeding in September-october. the birds from these islands being white breasted. Possibly declined in abundance (Table 2), and this may be due to the destruction of Slope Island as a Phalacrocoracidae breeding site where about half the population (c. Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae Stephens, 1826 250 pairs) previously bred. Great Cormorant Recorded on Lake MacLeod, Miaboolia Beach, at Mathews, 1912 Hutton's Shearwater Puffinus huttoni Shark Bay and on large pools on major Status uncertain, mainly a winter visitor from watercourses. Rare or uncommon visitor in ones, New Zealand to well offshore. twos and small parties (up to 6). Breeding reported Puffinus assimilis assimilis Gould, 1838 Little just outside the region in April. Shearwater Phalacrocorax varius hypoleucos (Brandt, 1837) Pied Rare visitor from the south to open seas. Cormorant Mainland coast from Miaboolia Beach south to Diomedeidae Long Point, deep pools on Lake MacLeod, sheltered Diomedea melanophris Temminck, 1828 Black-browed seas (but not the highly saline Hamelin Pool) and Albatross offshore islands, also two records from lower Rare winter visitor (July) from subantarctic to Gascoyne. Very common in Denham Sound, open seas. common to moderately common elsewhere. Breeding late April-early September. Possibly Diomedea chrysostoma J.R. Forster, 1785 Grey-headed declined in abundance (Table 2), but this result may Albatross be due to the relatively large number of early One record: a single bird (possibly this species) observations from Shark Bay. ------

378 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone

Phalacrocorax sulcirostris (Brandt, 1837) Little Black Ardea intermedia Wagler, 1829 Intermediate Egret Cormorant Vagrant. Recorded at Useless Loop saltworks in Mainly large pools on rivers (especially the November 1982. Gascoyne) also Lake MacLeod. Breeding on Gascoyne in May-June. Possibly declined over the Ardea garzetta nigripes Temminck, 1840 Little Egret last century (Table 2). Moderately common along the coast between Gascoyne and Wooramel Rivers, also casual on Phalacrocorax melanoleucos melanoleucos (Vieillot, northern Lake MacLeod, the Gascoyne (near 1817) Little Pied Cormorant Gascoyne Junction) and Shark Bay. Greater part of region, mainly the Gascoyne and Lyons Rivers, also Lake MacLeod and Freycinet Ardea sacra sacra Gmelin, 1789 Eastern Reef Heron Estuary. Uncommon, mainly ones and twos. Coasts and islands but not Hamelin Pool. Breeding in mangroves at Lake MacLeod and on Moderately common resident on Bernier, Dorre and islands in Freycinet Estuary in August- Dirk Hartog Is and on mainland coast between September. Cape Cuvier and Point Quobba, elsewhere uncommon, usually in ones or twos. Reefs, tidal Pelecanidae flats and mangrove creeks. Breeding in August- September. Pelecanus conspicillatus Temminck, 1824 Australian Pelican Butorides striatus stagnatilis (Gould, 1848) Striated Mainly western part of region. Mainly sheltered Heron seas (Freycinet Estuary and Hamelin Pool), also Coasts from Miaboolia Beach south to Long large pools on Lake MacLeod and the lower Point and northern Peron Peninsula, also Gascoyne (upstream to Gascoyne Junction). mangroves in northern Lake MacLeod. The Common visitor in ones, twos or small parties, southern limit for this species in Western occasionally flocks (up to 600). Breeding reported Australia. Common resident usually in ones and on Pelican I. in April-May. Possibly declined over twos. Breeding in August to October. Possibly the last century (Table 2). increased in abundance (Table 2). Nycticorax caledonicus hilli Mathews, 1912 Rufous Fregatidae Night Heron Fregata ariel (G.R. Gray, 1845) Lesser Frigatebird Moderately common on the lower Gascoyne and Rare vagrant. Reported at Monkey Mia in late in mangroves on northern Lake MacLeod, casual August early September 1972. further south (Woodleigh).

Ardeidae Threskiornithidae Ardea pacifica Latham, 1802 White-necked Heron Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus, 1766) Glossy Ibis Greater part of region, scarce or absent south of Status uncertain; vagrant or rare visitor. Only Hamelin and Woodleigh. Moderately common, recorded at McNeill Claypan, at a bore overflow usually single or in small parties. Mainly river near Hamelin and 9 km NNE of Minilya Bridge. pools, bore overflows and floodwaters. Breeding reported just outside region in January, March and Threskiornis molucca (Cuvier, 1829) Australian White August. Ibis Vagrant or rare visitor, recorded at Moogooree in Ardea novaehollandiae Latham, 1790 White-faced 1952, northern Lake MacLeod in 1982 and Heron Carnarvon in 1966. Throughout the region including islands. Common to moderately common, usually in ones or Threskiornis spinicolis (Jameson, 1835) Straw-necked twos occasionally small parties (up to 20). River Ibis pools, tidal creeks and flats, mangroves, flooded Greater part of region. Highly nomadic. claypans, bore overflows and floodwaters. Breeding Uncommon to common visitor to coastal and near reported in February-April and July-August. coastal plains, scarce elsewhere. Mainly ones, twos or small flocks (up to 100) and once a flock of 2,000 Ardea alba modesta J.E. Gray, 1831 Great Egret at Boologooro. Inundated flats, river pools, bore Mainly northern part of region, the Gascoyne overflows and dams. inland to just east of Gascoyne Junction, also Lake MacLeod. Moderately common visitor; usually Platalea regia Gould, 1838 Royal Spoonbill single or in small parties (up to 6). River pools, lake Rare visitor. One observed at Barrabiddy Creek in and estuarine pools, mangrove creeks, also flooded far north of region on 19 August 1994 (Halse et al., samphire flats. 2000). . Bird distribution, status and changes 379

Platalea flavipes Gould, 1838 Yellow-billed Spoonbill Haliastur indus girrenera (Vieillot, 1822) Brahminy Uncommon visitor, single or in small parties (up Kire , to 9). River pools (Gascoyne and Wooramel) also Uncommon resident on coast about Carnarvon flooded claypans and bore overflow (once). (Miaboolia Beach south to Oyster Creek), also Breeding recorded just outside the region at Mt recorded on northern Lake MacLeod and western Clare and Breberle Lake. edge of Callagiddy and ascending the Gascoyne for a few kilometres. The southern limit for this species Accipitridae in Western Australia. One undated breeding report. Pandion haliaetus cristatus (Vieillot, 1816) Osprey Accipiter fasciatus fasciatus (Vigors and Horsfield, Common resident on islands, scarce on 1827) Brown Goshawk mainland coast. Breeding in late June-mid Throughout the region including Dirk Hartog I., September. Possibly decreased in abundance but apparently absent from the far north-west. (Table 2), but this result may be due to the Uncommon to moderately common in ones and relatively high proportion of observations of early twos. Resident and visitor (influx in autumn-winter observers from islands. by migrants from south-west). Well wooded country, especially about watercourses, also Elanus caeruleus axillaris Latham, 1801 Australian mangroves and tall Acacia. Breeding in August- Black-shouldered Kite September. Throughout the region. Uncommon to moderately common visitor (mainly in winter). Mostly lightly Accipiter cirrocephalus cirrocephalus (Vieillot, 1817) wooded coastal plains, scarce in interior. Breeding Collared Sparrowhawk reported at Minilya Bridge in August. Greater part of region including Dirk Hartog I. but scarce or absent in far north-west and south- Elanus scriptus Gould, 1842 Letter-winged Kite east. Uncommon resident, usually single Rare and infrequent visitor from the eastern arid occasionally in twos. Probably a small influx in zone. Recorded in large numbers about the lower numbers in autumn-winter with south-west Minilya in October-November 1888, and in ones, migrants. Breeding July-October. May have twos and small groups at Cape Cuvier, Quobba, declined in abundance (Table 2). Boolathana, Monkey Mia, Useless Loop and Zuytdorp in 1994. Aquila morphnoides morphnoides Gould, 1841 Little Hamirostra isura (Gould, 1838) Square-tailed Kite Eagle Rare visitor or passage migrant. One observed 12 Mainly northern and eastern parts of region, km ESE of Carnarvon in November 1976, one south to the Wooramel and upper Murchison, undated record from Woodleigh and one at Nerren casual further south and west (Hamelin, Tamala) Nerren in 1994. and on Dirk Hartog I. Breeding in July-August.

Hamirostra melanosternon (Gould, 1841) Black- Aquila audax (Latham, 1802) Wedge-tailed Eagle breasted Buzzard Throughout the region including Dorre and Dirk Greater part of region except far south-west Hartog I. Common to moderately common on sheep corner. Uncommon, usually single, occasionally in stations and about main roads (where attracted to twos, one record of four. Mainly lightly wooded road-kills). Usually in ones or twos, occasionally in country especially river gums along watercourses. small parties (up to 10). Breeding in late May-mid One breeding report from Wooramel in September. August. Diet and breeding in the Carnarvon area It was either overlooked by early observers, or has have been documented by Brooker and Ridpath increased in abundance. The first of 26 dated (1980) and Ridpath and Brooker (1986). records was in 1961 (near Minilya) and the second Using our measure based on proportions ofrecords in 1975. we found no statistical evidence for a change in abundance. However, Wedge-tailed Eagles were Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) Black Kite seen in only 11 of the 42 years before 1951 for which Rare visitor to northern half of region south to records exist, and in 33 of 45 years after this period, Woodleigh. suggesting that they have increased in abundance. The species is believed to have increased in the Haliastur sphenurus (Vieillot, 1818) Whistling Kite adjacent Murchison region (Saunders and Curry, Greater part of region including Bernier I., but 1990) and in other parts of arid Australia (e.g. Smith absent from waterless coastal country south and and Smith, 1994). west of Hamelin. Common in ones, twos or small parties. Wooded country in vicinity of water, also Haliaeetus leucogaster (Gmelin, 1788) White-bellied main roads where attracted to dead kangaroos. Sea Eagle Breeding April-August. Common resident on larger islands less frequent 380 R.E.Johnstone,A.B.Burbidge,P.Stone

onmainland coastandnorthernLakeMacLeod. Gruidae Islands,coastsandestuaries.BreedingfromMay to Grusrubicunda(Perry,1810)Brolga August.Possiblydecreasedinabundance(Table2), Rare dryseasonvisitorfromfarnorth.Several butthisresultmay beduetotherelativelyhigh observednearOverlanderin1952,nearMinilya proportionofobservationsofearlyobserversfrom Roadhouse in1987andrecordedjustoutsidethe islands. regionatWaroora. These arethesouthernmost CircusassimilisJardineandSelby,1828Spotted recordsforWestern Australia. Harrier ThroughouttheregionincludingDirkHartog 1. Rallidae Uncommon, usuallysingle.Sparselywooded country.BreedinginAugust.Mayhavedeclinedin Gallirallusphilippensis(Linnaeus,1766)Buff-banded abundance(Table2). Rail Mainly coastalareasfromCarnarvon southto CircusapproximansPeale,1848SwampHarrier Hamelin, casualinland,Mardathuna, Woodleigh Rare non-breedingvisitorfromthesouth and on Dirk Hartog 1. Nomadic. Rare or (September-November)tocoastalplains.Swamps, uncommon,inonesortwos. boreoverflowsandfloodedgrasslandsand samphire. PorzanapusillapalustrisGould,1843Baillon'sCrake Rareoruncommon.RecordedatMcNeillClaypan inOctober 1984andsixatHamelin Poolon29 Falconidae August1994. Faleo berigoraberigoraVigors andHorsfield,1827 BrownFalcon PorzanaflumineaGould, 1843Australian Spotted ThroughouttheregionincludingDirkHartog1. Crake ~ usuallysingleoccasionallyintwos. Greater partofregion.Locally commonand Lightlywoodedcountry,attractedtoroadkillsand probablyresidentofboreoverflowsonHamelin grassfires.BreedinginJuly-August. andYaringa butgenerallyuncommon.Rushes, sedges,lowshrubsandsamphiresaroundswamps, Falco cenchroidescenchroidesVigors andHorsfield, lakes(freshorsalt)andephemeralwaters. 1827AustralianKestrel Throughout theregionincludingislands. Porzanatabuensis(Gmelin,1789)SpotlessCrake Common residentandverycommonautumn- ObservedatHamelinboreoverflowinNovember winter visitor,especiallytowest coast.Usually 1982andlateApril1983.Alsounconfirmedreports single,occasionallyintwosorsmallparties(upto fromboreoverflowsatYaringa. 30).Treeless orlightlywooded country,coastal PorphyrioporphyriobellusGould, 1841Purple dunesandaroundsaltlakes.BreedinginlateJulyto Swamphen earlyOctober. Has increasedinabundancethis One recordedatboreoverflow25kmSSWof century(Table2). Yaringaon17November1982.

Falco longipennislongipennisSwainson, 1837 Gallinula ventralisGould, 1837Black-tailedNative AustralianHobby Hen Throughouttheregion,includingBernier and Greater partofregionbutabsentinwaterless DirkHartogIs.Moderately commonresidentand countrysouthandwest ofHamelin. Nomadic. autumn-wintervisitor.Numbers augmentedby Mainly anirregularvisitor.Locally commonin passagemigrants andwinter visitorsfromsouth. goodyearsbutgenerallyscarce,inones,twosor Lightly wooded countryespeciallynearwater. smallparties,occasionallylargeflocks(upto200). BreedinginAugust-September. Mainly inundatedflatsandotherephemeralwaters, FalcohypoleucosGould,1841GreyFalcon alsoswamps,claypans,riverpoolsandbore Rarevisitortonorthernpartofregionsouthto overflows.Breeding reportedinMarch, April, Gascoyne. AugustandOctober.

.FalcoperegrinusmacropusSwainson,1837Peregrine FulicaatraaustralisGould,1845EurasianCoot Falcon Greaterpartofregion,butabsentfromwaterless Throughouttheregion.Scarcevisitor(mostly countrysouthandwestofHamelin.Uncommonto March-August). moderately common(moreplentifuloncoastal plainsthaninterior).Usuallyinones,twosorsmall FalcosubnigerG.R.Gray,1843BlackFalcon parties,occasionallyflocks(upto200).Riverpools, Rarevisitortoeasternpartofregionsouthto floodedclaypans,swamps,boreoverflowsand Woodleigh. Openmulga. floodwaters.Breedingreportedjustoutsideregion ------

Birddistribution,statusandchanges 381 inMarch. Notrecordedinthestudyareanorthof fromnorthernhemisphere.Inones,twosorsmall theMurchison until1962. flocks(upto30).Mainlytidalflats,e~ ecia near mangroves,alsobeaches. Otididae Numeniusmadagascariensis(Linnaeus,1766)Eastern Ardeotisaustralis(J.E.Gray, 1829)Australian Curlew Bustard Most coastsbutnotHamelin Pool.Moderately ThroughouttheregionincludingDirk Hartog 1. commonvisitor(allmonths) fromnorthern Nomadic.Locallyandseasonallyvaryingfromrare hemisphere.Inones,twos,occasionallysmall tomoderately common(moreplentifuloncoastal parties(upto8).Mainly tidalmudflats near plainsthanininterior).Usually inones,twosor mangroves. smallparties,rarelysmallflocks(upto8).Mainly treelessorlightlywooded country,including Tringatotanus(Linnaeus,1758)CommonRedshank samphireflatsandspinifexplains.Breeding in OnerecordofasinglebirdobservedatCamarvon March andJuly-August.Apparently declinedin byR.Garstoneon4August1989(WesternAustralian abundance. BirdNotesNo.53:2). . Tringastagnatilis(Bechstein,1805)MarshSandpiper Tumicidae Most coasts,alsoLakeMacLeod,shoresofUseless InletandDirkHartog1.Visitor(August-June)from Turnixvelox(Gould,1841)LittleButton-quail northernhemisphere.Uncommon tomoderately Greater partofregion,norecordsfromsouth- commononcoastsandcoastalplains,rarein westandanunconfirmedreportfromDirkHartog interior.Usually inones,twosorsmallparties, 1. Common ingoodseasons,rareorabsentin occasionallyflocks(upto20).Tidal mudflats, droughts.Inones,twosorsmallparties.Coastal mangrove creeks,floodedsamphireflatsandbore flatsandininteriorspinifex(TriodiaandPlectrachne) overflows. andothergrassesandherbageespeciallyalong minorwatercourses.BreedinginMay-September. Tringanebularia (Gunnerus,1767) Common Greenshank Scolopacidae Most coastsandcoastalplains,alsoLake Gallinagosp. MacLeod,shoresofUselessInletandDirkHartog1. A snipe,possiblyG. stenura,recordedbyB. OnereportfromLakeJulia,SWofKennedyRange Barrett atHamelin on30January1991(Western (Halseetal.,2000). AustralianBirdNotesNo.58:2). Visitor(August-June)fromnorthernhemisphere. Uncommontomoderately commononcoastsand LimosalimosamelanuroidesGould,1846Black-tailed coastalplains,rareininterior.Usuallyinones,twos Godwit orsmallparties,occasionallyflocks(upto70).Tidal Rare summervisitorfromPalearctic.Recorded at mudflats, mangrove creeks,floodedsaltlakesand boreoverflownearHamelin,saltworkpondsatUseless samphireflats,riverpools,boreoverflows,swamps LoopandLakeMacLeod,andalsoatSharkBay. andsaltworkponds.

LimosalapponicamenzbieriPortenko,1936Bar-tailed TringaglareolaLinnaeus,1758Wood Sandpiper Godwit Coastal plainfromGascoyne River southto Most coastsincludingDirkHartog1.andshores Hamelin. Summervisitor(October-April)from ofLakeMacLeod. Commonvisitor(August-June) northernhemisphere.Common atboreoverflow fromPalearctic.Usuallyinsmallflocks,occasionally nearHamelininones,twosorsmallflocks(upto hundreds.Mainly tidalmudflats, beachesand 80),scarceorrareelsewhereonriverpoolsand saltworkponds. claypans.

NumeniusminutusGould,1841LittleCurlew Tringacinerea(Guldenstadt,1774)TerekSandpiper Coasts andcoastalplains.Recorded atLake Scarcesummervisitorfromnorthernhemisphere. MacLeod, Carnarvon district,McNeill Claypan, RecordedatLakeMacLeod, Carnarvon,SharkBay SharkBay andPeronPeninsula. Rare summer and4kmsouthofBushBay.Tidalmudflats. visitorfromnorthernhemisphere.Inones,twosor smallflocks(upto24). Mainly near-coastal Tringahypoleucos Linnaeus, 1758 Common samphireandgrassflats. Sandpiper CoastsandcoastalplainsincludingshoresofLake Numeniusphaeopusvariegatus(Scopoli,1786) MacLeod andUselessInlet,alsoDirkHartog and Whimbrel SalutationIsandalongGascoyneRiver.Moderately Most coasts(exceptHamelin Pool),alsoislands commonvisitor(lateAugust-early May) from andLakeMacLeod. Commonvisitor(allmonths) northernhemisphere.Usuallyinonesortwos.Tidal 382 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone flats, beaches, saltwork ponds, river pools and bore Shores of Lake MacLeod, muddy edge of McNeill overflows. Claypan, bore overflows and saltwork ponds. Tringa brevipes (Vieillot, 1816) Grey-tailed Tattler Calidris acuminata (Horsfield, 1821) Sharp-tailed Most coasts, including Dirk Hartog I.; also Lake Sandpiper MacLeod. Moderately common visitor (September- Most coasts and coastal plains (including Lake June) from northern hemisphere. Usually in ones or MacLeod); also Dirk Hartog I. and Useless Loop twos occasionally small flocks (up to 19). Tidal mud saltworks. Moderately common visitor (September- and reef flats also bore overflow at Harnelin. June) from northern hemisphere. Seasonally common on inland waters. Usually in small parties Arenaria interpres interpres (Linnaeus, 1758) Ruddy occasionally flocks (up to 200). Flooded sarnphire Turnstone flats, bore overflows and tidal flats. All coasts including Lake MacLeod and Bernier and Dirk Hartog Is, but not Hamelin Pool. Calidris ferruginea (Pontoppidan, 1763) Curlew Common-moderately common visitor (early July- Sandpiper late May) from northern hemisphere. In ones, twos Mainland coast and coastal plains including Lake or small flocks (up to 12). Tidal mud and reef flats, MacLeod and Useless Loop saltworks. Visitor beaches, saltwork ponds and rocky coasts. (September-May) from northern hemisphere. Ordinarily moderately common, in ones, twos or Limnodromus semipalmatus (Blyth, 1848) Asian small parties, on passage aggregating in hundreds Dowitcher or thousands (highest numbers 41 000 on Lake Rare visitor from northern hemisphere. One at MacLeod in September 1987; Jaensch and Vervest, Lake MacLeod in late September or early October 1990 and 18 392 in November 1999, T. Kirkby and 1987 (Jaensch and Vervest, 1990). C. Davis, personal communication). Tidal mud and Calidris canutus (Linnaeus, 1758) Red Knot sand flats, saltlakes and bore overflows. Most coasts including shores of Lake MacLeod Limicola falcinellus (Pontoppidan, 1763) Broad-billed and Useless Loop also Dirk Hartog 1. (but not Sandpiper Hamelin Pool). Uncommon to moderately common Range and status uncertain. Only recorded at summer visitor (late September-May) from Lake MacLeod in September-Gctober 1987. This northern hemisphere. In ones, twos or small flocks. species breeds in far northern Europe and Asia and Mainly tidal flats. winters in southern Europe, southern Asia and Calidris tenuirostris (Horsfield, 1821) Great Knot northern Australia. Most coasts including shores of Lake MacLeod Philomachus pugnax Linnaeus, 1758 Ruff (but not Hamelin Pool). Moderately common Rare summer visitor from northern hemisphere. summer visitor (September-March) from northern Only reported at Hamelin bore overflow in hemisphere. In ones, twos or small flocks. Tidal November 1961. mud and saltflats. Calidris alba (Pallas, 1764) Sanderling Rostratulidae Coasts including shores of Lake MacLeod. Rare Rostratula benghalensis australis (Gould, 1838) summer visitor from northern hemisphere. In ones, Painted Snipe twos or small parties (up to 6). Mainly open A male collected near Carnarvon by G.W. Berry beaches, also sandy inlets and saltwork ponds. on 21 November 1963. Calidris ruficollis (pallas, 1776) Red-necked Stint All coasts and coastal plains also Bernier and Dirk Burhinidae Hartog Is. Common visitor (August-June) from Burhinus grallarius (Latham, 1802) Bush Stone- northern hemisphere. Mainly in small flocks. Tidal curlew flats, beaches, saltwork ponds, inundated sarnphire Greater part of region including Dirk Hartog 1. flats and bore overflows. but very few records. Uncommon, in ones or Calidris minuta (Leisler, 1812) Little Stint twos. Lightly wooded country near adequate : Rare summer visitor from northern hemisphere. daytime shelter. Breeding July-September. Two at Lake MacLeod in November 1999 (T. Kirkby Records are too few to test statistically, but was and C. Davis, personal communication). probably more plentiful before the advent of the feral cat and fox, judging from the remarks of T. Calidris subminuta (Middendorff, 1853) Long-toed Carter (1887). There has certainly been a decline Stint in the number of records, with only three since Scarce visitor (September-November) from 1950 (Dirk Hartog, Woodleigh and NE of northern hemisphere. In ones, twos or small parties. Kennedy Range).

------Bird distribution, status and changes 383

Haematopodidae north. This species was not recorded in the region by early workers; it colonised Dirk I;Iartog 1. in c. Haematopus longirostris Vieillot, 1817 Pied 1915 and the Peron Peninsula a few years later. Oystercatcher Most coasts, including Bernier, Dorre, Dirk Hartog, Pluvialis squatarola (Linnaeus, 1758) Grey Plover Freycinet, Wilds, Mary Anne, Baudin, North Guano, Most coasts including Bernier and Dirk Hartog Is, Three Bays and Salutation Is, also Lake MacLeod, also shores of Lake MacLeod. Uncommon mainly but rare or absent in Hamelin Pool. Common on Dirk summer visitor (August-May) from northern Hartog 1., uncommon to moderately common hemisphere. Usually in ones, twos or small parties. elsewhere; usually in pairs. Tidal mud and reef flats Tidal mudflats, beaches and saltwork ponds. and sandy beaches. Breeding August-September. Possibly decreased in abundance (Table 2), but this Pluvialis fulva (Gmelin, 1789) Pacific Golden Plover result may be due to the relatively high proportion Most coasts including Bernier 1., also Lake of observations of early observers from islands, MacLeod. Scarce visitor (mainly summer) from particularly Dirk Hartog. northern hemisphere. Usually single, occasionally in small parties (up to 6). Tidal mudflats, saltwork Haematopus fuliginosus ophthalmicus Castelnau and ponds and saltlakes. Ramsay, 1877 Sooty Oystercatcher Most coasts including Bernier, Dorre and Dirk Charadrius ruficapillus Ternrninck, 1822 Red-capped Hartog Is. Moderately common; usually in pairs or Plover I small parties (up to 6). Mainly rocky coasts. Most coasts and coastal plains, including larger islands (Bernier and Dirk Hartog), also Lake Recurvirostridae MacLeod. Common to moderately common resident usually in ones, twos or small parties, Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus Gould, 1837 occasionally aggregations (up to 100). Beaches, near Black-winged Stilt coastal saltmarshes, saltwork ponds, shores of Greater part of region, south to Hamelin. saltlakes, also edges of river pools and freshwater Nomadic. Common and breeding in wet years, but lagoons. Breeding in July-August. generally uncommon to moderately common in ones, twos or small parties, occasionally flocks (up Charadrius mongolus mongolus Pallas, 1776 Lesser to 124). Inundated samphire flats, claypans, Sand Plover saltlakes, swamps, bore overflows and river pools. Rare summer visitor from northern hemisphere. Breeding in June. Apparently increased in Small flocks recorded near Carnarvon, Denham and abundance (Table 2). at Lake MacLeod. Cladorhynchus leucocephalus (Vieillot, 1816) Banded Charadrius leschenaultii leschenaultii Lesson, 1826 Stilt Greater Sand Plover Coastal plains from Lake MacLeod south to Most coasts including Bernier and Dirk Hartog Is, Tamala. Uncommon to very common visitor; also shores of Lake MacLeod. Moderately common usually in small flocks, occasionally large flocks (up visitor (recorded all months) from northern to c. 50000). Mainly flooded saltlakes, also saltwork hemisphere. Usually in ones, twos or small parties ponds and bore overflows. Breeding reported just (up to 12). Tidal flats, saltlakes, saltwork ponds and outside region. sandy beaches. Recurvirostra novaehollandiae Vieillot, 1816 Red- Charadrius melanops Vieillot, 1818 Black-fronted necked Avocet Dotterel Greater part of region south to Hamelin. Nomadic, Greater part of region, but not Peron Peninsula or uncommon visitor, usually in twos or small parties far south-west. Moderately common, usually in occasionally in aggregations (up to 100). Flooded ones or twos. Mainly bare margins of fresh waters, saltlakes, claypans, brackish coastal lagoons, occasionally edge of saltlakes. Breeding August- saltwork ponds, bore overflows and ephemeral September. In our study area, not recorded north of pools. Breeding reported just outside region. the Murchison until 1959. Has benefited from the provision of overflows from artesian wells. Charadriidae Charadrius rubricollis (Gmelin, 1789) Hooded Plover Vanellus tricolor (Vieillot, 1818) Banded Lapwing Vagrant. Four birds on a claypan at Wooramel Throughout the region, including Dirk Hartog 1. River crossing, North West Coastal Highway, on 21 Common resident and autumn and winter visitor June 1977 a. Masters, personal communication). from south. Usually in pairs or small parties, rarely flocks (up to 15). Sparsely vegetated plains. Charadrius veredus Gould, 1848 Oriental Plover Breeding June-August and February-April in Rare summer visitor from northern hemisphere to 384 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone north-western coastal plains. Recorded 37 km SSE scarce or uncommon. In ones, twos or small flocks of Quobba in October 1980 and 30 km E of (up to 100). Breeding on islands from April- Carnarvon in October 1927. Also unconfirmed September. report from Carbla in January 1993 (Western Sterna nilotica macrotarsa Gould, 1837 Gull-billed Australian Bird Notes No. 65: 3). Tern Erythrogonys cinctus Gould, 1838 Red-kneed Coasts and coastal plains from Miaboolia Beach Dotterel south to Hamelin; also Lake MacLeod. Scarce visitor Coastal plains from the south to in ones, twos and small flocks (up to 30). Inundated Hamelin and inland to Callagiddy and Woodleigh; samphire, tidal creeks, saltlakes, saltwork ponds, also interior on larger rivers and at Lake Julia and river pools, and bore overflows. Lake MacLeod. Nomadic. Generally uncommon, Sterna caspia Pallas, 1770 Caspian Tern more frequent in wet years. Usually in ones, twos Moderately common on islands (except Bernier or small parties, occasionally larger aggregations and Dorre) and in sheltered seas (but not Hamelin (up to 40). Mainly flooded saltlakes also edges of Pool), also estuaries, pools and bare shores of Lake fresh or brackish swamps, claypans and bore MacLeod. Breeding in August-September. overflows. Breeding reported in February-March and from July to October. Sterna bengalensis Lesson, 1831 Lesser Crested Tern Coast and seas south to South Passage. Peltohyas australis (Gould, 1841) Inland Dotterel Uncommon, mainly in small flocks (up to 20). Most Mainly coastal plains and Dirk Hartog I. birds are probably visitors from further north. Uncommon, usually in small parties (up to 8). Breeding in small numbers on Meade 1. in June Sparsely vegetated plains, stony flats and samphire 1998, the southernmost breeding locality for flats. Breeding March-April and July-August. Not Western Australia. Apparently increasing in recorded in the study area until 1960. numbers (Table 2); this tern may be moving south like some other tropical species (Storr and Glareolidae Johnstone, 1988; Dunlop and WooIler, 1990). Stiltia isabella (Vieillot, 1816) Australian Pratincole Sterna bergii Lichtenstein, 1823 Crested Tern Far north of region, lower Minilya River and Coasts, islands and seas (but not Hamelin Pool); lower Gascoyne (Brickhouse). Rare visitor from also Lake MacLeod. Common; resting in flocks (up further north, in ones, twos or small flocks. One to 300) but usually fishing singly. Mainly sheltered breeding record from lower Minilya in July. seas. Breeding August-September. Possibly decreasing in abundance (Table 2). Glareola maldivarum J.R. Forster, 1795 Oriental Pratincole Sterna dougallii Montagu, 1813 Roseate Tern Rare summer visitor from northern hemisphere. Coast south to Carnarvon and tip of Peron In ones or twos to coastal plains south to Hamelin. Peninsula also Dirk Hartog 1. Moderately common, usually resting in flocks (up to 200), fishing singly. Laridae Breeding on islands off Dirk Hartog in November- December. Possibly increasing; first recorded in the Catharacta lonnbergi (Mathews, 1912) study area in 1959. BrownSkua Rare winter visitor from the south to sheltered seas. Sterna hirundo longipennis Nordmann, 1835 Common Tern Larus pacificus georgii King, 1826 Pacific Gull Moderately common summer visitor from All coasts and islands, also Lake MacLeod. northern hemisphere to seas around Carnarvon. Moderately common on islands and about towns (Carnarvon, Denham) and saltwork ponds, Sterna (albifrons) sinensis Gmelin, 1789 White-shafted otherwise scarce. Breeding on islands in August- Little Tern September. Probably a rare summer visitor from Asia Gudging from records north and south of region); Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823 Kelp Gull only one record from Carnarvon. Vagrant. One recorded at Carnarvon on 13 March 1981 (Australasian Seabird Group Newsletter 17: 3-5.). Sterna nereis nereis (Gould, 1843) Fairy Tern Coasts and sheltered blue-water seas south to Larus novaehollandiae novaehollandiae Stephens, 1826 Denham and Useless Inlet; also islands (including Silver Gull those in Freycinet Estuary), and Lake MacLeod. All coasts including many islands, also Lake Common summer visitor from the south MacLeod. Moderately common on islands and (September-late February). Breeding on small around towns (Carnarvon, Denham), elsewhere (mostly rocky) islands; mid September-mid Bird distribution, status and changes 385

November. Possibly decreasing in abundance Phaps histrionica (Gould, 1841) Flock Pigeon (Table 2). Very irregular to coastal plains, (Carnarvon district and lower Lyndon River). Appearing (if at Sterna anaethetus anaethetus Scopoli, 1786 Bridled all) in small numbers, but in some years e.g. 1887 Tern and 1987 in thousands. These are the southemrnost Islands and blue-water seas; but not reported records for Western Australia. from Bernier and Dorre. Common summer visitor from Asia (September-late February). Breeding on Ocyphaps lophotes (Temminck, 1822) Crested Pigeon small (mostly rocky) islands; mid September-mid Throughout the region but scarce or rare in November. waterless areas south of Tarnala and west of Coburn and Nerren Nerren. Originally local and uncommon Sterna hybrida javanica Horsfield, 1821 Whiskered and confined to the lower Gascoyne. Now Tern moderately common to very common in pastoral Coastal plains from Boolathana south to Hamelin. areas; in ones, twos or small parties, but up to 100 Moderately common visitor, numbers varying with at water. Has probably benefited from the provision extent of floodwaters on coastal plains, usually in of water supplies for domestic stock. Breeding ones, twos or small flocks (up to 40), otherwise probably all year round, but the egg months cited scarce. Inundated near-coastal samphire flats, are February-April, July-November. saltlakes and claypans, also bore overflows and river pools. Breeding reported just out of region in Geophaps plumifera Gould, 1842 Spinifex Pigeon February-April and August-September. Possibly Northern interior of region; upper Gascoyne west increasing in abundance (Table 2), but the pattern to Rocky Pool and Woorarnel west to Callytharra may be complicated by the irruptive nature of the Springs. Locally moderately common but generally species. scarce; usually in ones, twos or small parties, occasionally larger flocks at water. Stony or rocky Sterna leucoptera Temminck, 1815 White-winged country in vicinity of water. Breeding reported just BlackTern outside the region (on the Minilya) in September. Irregular summer visitor from northern hemisphere to coastal plains from Lake MacLeod Geopelia cuneata (Latharn, 1802) Diamond Dove south to Woodleigh. Usually in ones, twos or small Most of region south to Coburn and Nerren flocks, occasionally in thousands before departure. Nerren and the Murchison. Moderately common in north of region, uncommon south of the Gascoyne Columbidae and probably mostly visitors. Usually in ones, twos or small parties. Breeding reported in August. Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 Domestic Pigeon Moderately common around farms and urban Geopelia striata placida Gould, 1844 Peaceful Dove areas at Carnarvon, also recorded at Quobba, Common on the Gascoyne and about Carnarvon, Denham, Hamelin, Monkey Mia, N anga, rare visitor at Hamelin and Woodleigh. Mainly Overlander and Dirk Hartog 1. vicinity of permanent pools with river gums. Breeding reported in February. May have declined Streptopelia senegalensis senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766) in abundance (Table 2). Laughing Turtle-Dove Recorded at Yandoo Creek (24°38'S, 113°50'E), Psittacidae Carnarvon, Babbage 1., near mouth of Woorarnel, Overlander Roadhouse, Billabong Roadhouse, Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli Mathews, 1917 Red- several sites on Peron Peninsula, Whale Well, tailed Black Cockatoo Tamala (26°48'S, 113°42'E) and Dirk Hartog Island. Range broken and patchy. Southern population The northern limit of this exotic species in Western confined to south-east interior along the mulga- Australia. Status uncertain. Occasional visitor eucalypt line at Coburn and Nerren Nerren, also possibly resident in some areas (including Dirk patchily distributed in north-east of region on major Hartog Island). Breeding reported near Overlander watercourses (Minilya, upper Gascoyne, Lyons and in November. Has colonised the study area since upper Woorarnel). Uncommon resident in pairs or about 1960 (first record 1963). small parties. Breeding reported outside the region from July to November also February to May. Phaps chalcoptera (Latham, 1790) Common Bronzewing Cacatua roseicapilla roseicapilla Vieillot, 1817 Galah Throughout the region, including Peron Peninsula Throughout the region, vagrant on Dirk Hartog 1. and Dirk Hartog 1. Locally moderately common, but Locally uncommon, e.g. on Peron Peninsula, but generally uncommon; usually in ones or twos with generally common. Mainly in pairs or small parties, aggregations at water. Mainly wattle thickets and occasionally large flocks (up to 150). Mainly lightly scrubs. Breeding June-October. wooded grasslands in vicinity of water and with 386 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone trees suitable for nesting and shelter. Breeding July- Neophema elegans (Gould, 1837) Elegant Parrot September. Now much more plentiful and Southern two-thirds of region, north to the widespread than around the turn of the century, Gascoyne and west to Callagiddy and Yaringa. presumably due to the provision of artificial water Scarce autumn visitor presumably from south- sources and the introduction of seeding exotic western Australia to grassy flats on coastal plains grasses and annuals. and along water courses. Cacatua sanguinea westralensis (Mathews, 1917) Little Neophema petrophila (Gould, 1841) Rock Parrot Corella Confined to western parts of Shark Bay. The Mainly northern and eastern parts of region south northern limit of this species in Western Australia. to Woodleigh and Byro, accidental on Dirk Hartog Very common in pairs or flocks up to 100 on small I., Peron Peninsula and at Tamala. Locally common islands in Freycinet Estuary, elsewhere scarce. No on lower and middle Gascoyne but generally scarce records from Peron Peninsula or Dirk Hartog 1. and uncommon and patchily distributed; usually in since 1920. Breeding reported in August- flocks (up to 350). Mostly along watercourses with September. pools fringed with river gums, also towns and homesteads. Breeding in August-September. Neophema bourkii (Gould, 1841) Bourke's Parrot Mainly eastern half of region, west to Cacatua leadbeateri (Vigors, 1831) Major Mitchell's Mardathuna, Callagiddy, Overlander and Cockatoo Toolonga. Moderately common, in ones twos or Rare visitor to Tamala. Formerly occurring on the small flocks (up to 16). Mainly mulga and other Wooramel, recorded there in 1887 by T. Carter. acacia scrubs, also mallees and callitris near Scarce on and near the Murchison. drinkable water. Breeding reported in August. May have expanded into the Carnarvon Basin in recent Nymphicus hollandicus (Kerr, 1792) Cockatiel times - the first dated record from the study area is Mainly eastern interior of region west to Minilya, from 1960. Callagiddy, lower Wooramel, Hamelin and Nerren Nerren. Casual further west including Dirk Hartog Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw, 1805) Budgerigar 1. Moderately common in wet years but generally Mainly eastern part of region west to Minilya, uncommon; usually in pairs or small parties Boolathana, Wooramel, Coburn and Nerren Nerren, occasionally flocks (up to 60). Mainly lightly casual further west e.g. appearing on Dirk Hartog 1. wooded grasslands. Breeding reported in after tropical cyclone of February 1921. Abundance September. extremely variable, ranging locally from scarce or absent after long dry periods, to very common and Polytelis anthopeplus anthopeplus (Lear, 1831) Regent breeding in wet years, e.g. 1961, 1972, 1975 and Parrot 1982. This variability may explain the statistically Rare visitor to southern part of region (below significant increase in abundance reported in Table mulga-eucalypt line), north to 23 km ENE of 2. Usually in small flocks, occasionally in hundreds. Tamala; vagrant further north to Monkey Mia and Lightly wooded grasslands (including Triodia), Carnarvon. In pairs or small flocks (up to 12). The especially in vicinity of water and belts of trees northern limit of this species in Western Australia. suitable for nesting and shelter including river Platycercus zonarius zonarius (Shaw, 1805) Australian gums. Breeding reported in April, May, August, Ringneck September and October. Greater part of region but not Edel Land, and rare or absent on Peron Peninsula and coastal plains Cuculidae between the Gascoyne and the Wooramel. Cuculus pallidus (Latham, 1801) Pallid Cuckoo Moderately common, usually in ones, twos or Throughout the region, including Bernier and family parties. Well wooded country especially Dirk Hartog Is. Visitor and passage migrant (mostly river gums and other eucalypts, also tall mulgas. May-September). After breeding in southern part Breeding recorded in August. of State adults move north. Moderately common in eastern part of region, uncommon on coastal plains; Platycercus varius (Clark, 1910) Mulga Parrot usually in ones or twos. Most kinds of wooded Greater part of region north to Boologooro and country. Breeding reported north to lower Kennedy Range but probably only a rare visitor to Gascoyne, August. May have decreased in the waterless country in south-west corner. abundance (Table 2). Uncommon to moderately common in well-wooded country especially mulga and other acacia scrubs Cacomantis flabelliformis flabelliformis (Latham, 1801) and mallee, scarce or absent on coastal plains, Fan-tailed Cuckoo usually in pairs or small parties. Breeding recorded Five records; an immature collected by P.J. Fuller in August. in dense scrub near Cooloomia on 19 September Birddistribution,statusandchanges 387 1979;alsorecordedatNanga inOctober 1994, Podargidae ZuytdorpinMay 1995andGascoyneJunctionin PodargusstrigoidesbrachypterusGould,1840Tawny October1994andJune1995.The south-western Frogmouth populationofthisspeciesismigratory spending Greater partofregion,butscarceonPeron summerinfarsouthandmoving northandeast Peninsula and Edel Land. Uncommon to fromApriltoJune. moderatelycommon,usuallysingleoccasionallyin Chrysococcyxosculans(Gould,1847)Black-eared twos.Most kindsofwooded country.Breeding Cuckoo July-August. Throughouttheregionbutabsent(orrare)from thefarnorthandtheareasouthofHamelin and Caprimulgidae west ofNerren Nerren. Breeding visitorand passagemigrant (March-September)fromfurther EurostopodusargusHartert,1892Spotted i h~ar north. Uncommon orscarce,usuallysingle Greaterpartofregion.Scarceoruncommonand occasionallyintwos.Mainlythicketsandscrubs. probablymainlyonlyanautumn-wintervisitor; BreedingreportedinAugust. casualoraccidentalonBernierandDirkHartog·1. (singlebreedingrecordfromDirkHartog1.inearly Chrysococcyx basalis(Horsfield,1821)Horsfield's 1900s). BronzeCuckoo ThroughouttheregionincludingBernier,Dorre Aegothelidae andDirk Hartog Is.Breedingvisitorandpassage migrant (March-October).Moderately common, Aegothelescristatuscristatus(Shaw,1790)Australian usuallysingleoccasionallyintwos.Mainlythickets Ow et ni h~ar andscrubsofacaciaalsoeucalyptwoodlandsand GreaterpartofregionbutnotPeronPeninsulaor mangroves.BreedingreportedinJuly-August. Edel Land. Uncommon oncoastsmoderately commonineasternpartofregion.Most wooded Chrysococcyxlucidusplagosus(Latham,1802)Shining habitats.BreedingJulytoearlyOctober.Thefirst BronzeCuckoo recordforthestudyareawas in1961,butitmay Normally onlyrecordedinfarsouthofregion. havebeenoverlookedbyearlyobservers(itismore Rarepassagemigrant (tonorthofState)fromthe frequentinthosepartsofthestudyarealeastvisited south-west.SpecimenscollectedatCarnarvonin byearlyobservers). May andAugust. Recorded atMonkey Mia in September1994. Apodidae Apuspacificus pacificus(Latham,1801)Fork-tailed Centropodidae Swift Centropusphasianinushighami(Mathews,1922) Uncommonnon-breedingsummervisitorfrom PheasantCoucal northernhemisphereinsmallflocks(upto20). FormerlyoccurringonthelowerMinilyaRiver;T. Recorded nearWarroora, southofCarnarvon, Cartercollectedspecimensfromthickscrubneara MonkeyMia,nearDenhamandWoodleigh. poolatMinilyaStationin1887,butnoreportsthis century. Halcyonidae Daceloleachii leachiiVigorsandHorsfield,1826Blue- Strigidae wingedKookaburra Ninoxnovaeseelandiaeboobook(Latham,1802) Largelyconfinedtomajorwatercourses(Minilya, BoobookOwI Gascoyne,LyonsandWooramel), innortherntwo- Greater partofregionbutcasualorabsenton thirdsofregionsouthtothelowerWooramel.The westerncoastalplains,PeronPeninsula,EdelLand southernlimitofthisspeciesinWesternAustralia. andDirkHartog1.Statusuncertain,mainlyawinter CommontomoderatelycommononGascoyneand visitor(fromsouth-westernAustralia)probablyalso LyonsRivers,uncommononWooramelRiver. In residentinriversideforestsandwoodlands also ones,twosandfamilyparties.Mainlyforestsof swampswithcoolabahs.Usuallyinonesortwos. Eucalyptusvictrixalongmajor watercourses. BreedinginJuly,August andOctober.Mayhave Tytonidae declinedinabundance(Table2). Tytoalbadelicatula(Gould,1837)BarnOwl Todiramphuspyrrhopygia(Gould,1841)Red-backed Rare non-breedingvisitortogreaterpartof Kingfisher region,recordedatQuobba(needsconfirmation), Greaterpartofregion,butnotPeronPeninsula, Carnarvon, 17kmnorthofNerren Nerren, EdelLand orfarsouthofregion.Common to WoodleighandDorreandBaudinIs. moderatelycommon;usuallysingleoccasionallyin 388 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone twos.Lightlywooded country,especiallyabout Mainly moderately tallanddenseshrublands, minorwatercourseswithnestsites(exposedbanks). particularlybowgadaA.linophyllaandotheracacia BreedinginAugust-September. thicketsincludingA. cuthbertsoniiandA.victoriae. BreedingprobablyinAprilinnorthGudgingfrom Todiramphussanctussanctus(VigorsandHorsfield) recordsjustoutsidetheregion)andJuly-August SacredKingfisher insouth.The firstdatedrecordnorthofthe Greaterpartofregionbutscarceorabsentinfar Murchison inthestudyareais1964,butthe south.Uncommonnon-breedingwintervisitorfrom speciesissparselydistributedinareasvisitedby southandpassagemigrant (March-Mayand earlyobservers. August-November). Usually inonesandtwos. Mainly rivergumsinvicinityofwater also MaluruslambertiassimilisNorth, 1901Variegated mangroves. Fairy-wren ThroughouttheregionincludingPeronPeninsula, EdelLandandDirkHartogIslandbutabsentfrom Meropidae south-westerncorner.Common tomoderately MeropsornatusLatham,1801RainbowBee-eater common;usuallyinfamilyparties.All kindsof Greaterpartofregionbutabsentoraccidentalon shrubland,thicketandscrub,includingmangroves. PeronPeninsulaandEdelLandandinsouth-west BreedingfromlateJulytoearlySeptember.Possibly corner.Breedingvisitorfromnorthandpassage declinedinabundanceoverthelastcentury(Table2). migrant,mainlyarrivinginSeptember-0ctoberand leavinginFebruary-March.Locallyscarce,e.g.in MaluruslambertibernieriOgilvie-Grant,1909 muchofcoastalplainsandonPeronPeninsulaand EndemictoBernierandDorreIs.Common.The EdelLand,moderatelycommonelsewhere;usually populationonDorreI.istentativelyplacedhere;its inones,twosorsmallparties;occasionallysmall taxonomicstatusisyettoberesolved. flocks(upto50)inpassage.Favourslightlywooded MaluruspulcherrimusGould, 1844Blue-breasted i country,especiallyatwater.Breedingreportedin Fairy-wren October-November atMardathuna, nearCarn- Farsouth-westofregionnorthtoTamala(headof arvonandatCoburn. FreycinetEstuary) andeasttobaseofPeron Peninsula,HamelinPooland45kmsouthofNerren Climacteridae Nerren.The northernlimitofthisspeciesin Western Australia. Common tomoderately ClimacterisaffinissuperciliosaNorth, i895White- common;insmallparties.Mainly sandplainscrubs browedTreecreeper composed of Acacia, Eucalyptus, Banksia, Mainlyeasternpartofregion.Recordedonlower Calothamnus andHakea southofmulga-eucalypt andmiddle Gascoyne (betweenCarnarvon and line.Breedingreportedjustoutsidetheregionfrom GascoyneJunction),Callagiddy, upperWooramel lateAugusttoearlyNovember. andWoodleigh. Also neartheElbow ofthe Murchison. Uncommon. Recorded inopen MalurusleucopterusleuconotusGould,1865White- woodlandsofmulgaandgidgie.BreedinginApril. wingedFairy-wren Moderately commontocommononcoastalplains Climacterismelanurawellsi Ogilvie-Grant, 1909 andaroundsaltlakesincludingLakeMacLeod, and Black-tailedTreecreeper alsodunesofKennedy Ranges; lessfrequent ConfinedtotheMinilya andlowerGascoynefrom elsewhere.Usually inpairsorsmallparties.Low RockyPoolupstreamtoBidgemia.Thesouthern vegetation(particularlyheathsandchenopodflats), limitforthisspeciesinWestern Australia. coastalheathandotherlowshrublandsandTriodia. Uncommontomoderatelycommon,inones,twos BreedingJuly-September. orsmallparties.Mainlyrivergums.Breedingin August. MalurusleucopterusleucopterusVigorsandHorsfield, 1827 Maluridae Common onandendemicto-DirkHartog I. BreedinginAugust. Malurussplendens splendens(QuoyandGaimard, ~ SplendidFairy-wren StipiturusmalachurushartogiCarter,1916Southern Greater partofregion,west toCarnarvon, Emu-wren Callagiddy,Yaringa,PeronPeninsula,EdelLand, Uncommon onandendemictoDirk Hartog I. Tamala andnorthtoabout24°50'Sincluding Possiblydeclinedinabundance(Table2).Listedby southernendofKennedyRange.Scarceorabsent Storr(1985)asmoderately commonbutlocal,in insouth-westcornerandfarnorth.Uncommonin pairsorsmallparties;however,recentworkers northofregion,commontoverycommoninsouth havereporteditasuncommon.Breeding July- andsoutheastofregion;usuallyinfamilyparties. August. . Bird distribution, status and changes 389

Stipiturus ruficeps rUficeps Campbell, 1899 Rufous- Coasts and coastal plains, north to Carnarvon crowned Emu-wren including Peron Peninsula and E4el Land and Confined to plateau of Kennedy Range. Bernier, Dorre and Dirk Hartog Islands, south to Moderately common in pairs and family parties. Zuytdorp and Nerren Nerren. The northern limit of Triodia with scattered mallee on sandplains and this species in Western Australia. Common; usually dunes. One undated breeding report. in pairs or small parties. Dense shrubland especially near-coastal sandplain scrub with Hakea and Acacia Amytornis textilis textilis (Dumont, 1824) Thick-billed (up to 10 km inland), also dense samphire and Grasswren mangroves. Breeding reported June-August. Woodleigh, near Overlander and Peron Peninsula (south to near Nanga Homestead); extinct on Dirk Calamanthus campestris Gould, 1841 Rufous Hartog 1. Common on Peron Peninsula in open Fieldwren shrubland with Acacia and Triodia; locally Coasts and coastal plains including Peron moderately common on Woodleigh Station and Peninsula and Edel Land and Dorre and Dirk around Overlander in piled up deadfall acacia, Hartog Is. Uncommon to moderately common; in bowgada thickets and regenerating burnt country. ones and twos. Heaths and other low scrubs on Formerly occurring in dense acacia scrub on Dirk near-coastal sandplains, also samphire flats and low Hartog 1. Breeding from July to October (B. Cale, mangroves. Breeding June-August. personal communication). Breeding biology has been documented on Peron Peninsula and habitat Pyrrholaemus brunneus Gould, 1841 Redthroat preferences described in the Shark Bay region by Greater part of region, but not far south-west M. Brooker (1988) and B. Brooker (2000). corner (south of Freycinet Estuary and west of Cooloomia). Moderately common resident in south, Pardalotidae scarce to moderately common and patchily distributed in north; usually in pairs or family Pardalotus rubricatus Gould, 1838 Red-browed parties, occasionally accompanying thornbills and Pardalote fairywrens. Most kinds of scrub, thicket and tall Northern and eastern interior of region south to heath. Breeding from June to August. and west to Carnarvon and Wooramel. Uncommon; in ones or twos. Mainly Smicrornis brevirostris (Gould, 1838) Weebill canopy of eucalypts especially river gums. Breeding Northern interior, west to Mooka and the lower reported in September. Has probably declined in Wooramel; also south-west and southern part of abundance over the last century, but numbers of region at Tamala, Nanga, Hamelin, Woodleigh and observations are too few to test statistically. Nerren Nerren but mostly absent from Zuytdorp hinterland. Canopy of eucalypt scrubs and Pardalotus striatus murchisoni Mathews, 1912 woodlands (mainly river gums in north and mallees Striated Pardalote in south). Breeding in October. Northern part of region, south to upper Wooramel and upper Murchison and west to fusca fusca (Gould, 1838) Western and Byro. Moderately common in far Gerygone north, uncommon on the Wooramel and Murchison; Greater part of region west to Mardathuna, in pairs or small parties. Canopy of eucalypts Kennedy Range National Park, Callagiddy, Peron especially river gums. Breeding just outside the Peninsula, Nanga and Zuytdorp. Autumn-winter region (on the Gascoyne) in May. visitor and passage migrant from south-western Australia. Scarce to moderately common; in ones or Pardalotus striatus westraliensis Mathews, 1912 twos. Most kinds of well-wooded habitat, e.g. Southern part of region, north to Coburn, Nerren mulga and other acacia thickets and the denser Nerren and the middle Murchison. Intergrading eucalypt woodlands and scrubs. with murchisoni on the upper Murchison River. The northern breeding limit of this subspecies in Gerygone tenebrosa (Hall, 1901) Dusky Gerygone Western Australia. Moderately common resident in Northern Lake MacLeod and on mainland coast mallee scrubs and eucalypt woodlands south of from Miaboolia Beach south to 8 km NNW of Long mulga-eucalypt line and in river gums on Point. The southern limit of this species in Western Murchison. Scarce winter visitor from south- Australia. Common; in ones or twos. Confined to western Australia to northern parts of region (e.g. mangroves Avicennia marina. Breeding from October Cape Cuvier, September 1994). to January.

Acanthizidae Acanthiza apicalis Gould, 1847 Broad-tailed Thornbill Greater part of region, north to Boolathana, Sericornis frontalis balstoni Ogilvie-Grant, 1909 Mardathuna and Kennedy Range, also Peron White-browed Scrubwren Peninsula and base of Edel Land. Not recorded for 390 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone

Table 2 Changes in reporting rate for breeding bird species in the central Carnarvon Basin (see text for explanation; see Table 1 for sample sizes). Key: W = inland or widespread, C = predominantly or entirely coastal (in Carnarvon Basin); I =increase, D =decrease, N =indeterminate, not known, or no change; * =0.01

Common Name Distribution pre-1951 post-1950 Change pattern No. of Proportion of No. of Proportion of records records records records

Emu W 8 0.0132 279 0.0291 1* Malleefowl W 11 0.0182 3 0.0003 D(***) Stubble Quail W 2 0.0033 5 0.0005 N Black Swan W 4 0.0066 31 0.0032 N Grey Teal W 3 0.0050 64 0.0067 N Pacific Black Duck W 5 0.0083 55 0.0057 N Hoary-headed Grebe W 0 0.0000 28 0.0029 N Wedge-tailed Shearwater C 16 0.0453 31 0.0250 D* Darter W 1 0.0017 11 0.0011 N Great Cormorant W 0 0.0000 7 0.0007 N Pied Cormorant C 49 0.1388 81 0.0653 D*** Little Black Cormorant W 4 0.0066 13 0.0014 D** Little Pied Cormorant W 0 0.0000 18 0.0019 N Australian Pelican W 24 0.0397 51 0.0053 D*** White-necked Heron W 3 0.0050 49 0.0051 N White-faced Heron W 7 0.0116 106 0.0110 N Eastern Reef Heron C 7 0.0198 28 0.0226 N Striated Heron C 2 0.0057 33 0.0266 1* Yellow-billed Spoonbill W 1 0.0017 6 0.0006 N Osprey C 20 0.0567 26 0.0210 D*** Black-shouldered Kite W 1 0.0017 34 0.0035 N Black-breasted Buzzard W 0 0.0000 17 0.0018 N? Whistling Kite W 4 0.0066 102 0.0106 N Brahminy Kite C 3 0.0085 15 0.0121 N Brown Goshawk W 4 0.0066 23 0.0024 N Collared Sparrowhawk W 5 0.0083 21 0.0022 D** Little Eagle W 2 0.0033 28 0.0029 N Wedge-tailed Eagle W 14 0.0232 152 0.0158 N White-bellied Sea-Eagle C 17 0.0482 29 0.0234 D* Spotted Harrier W 8 0.0132 36 0.0038 D** Brown Falcon W 9 0.0149 210 0.0219 N Australian Kestrel W 15 0.0248 546 0.0569 1** Black-tailed Native-hen W 2 0.0033 23 0.0024 N Eurasian Coot W 0 0.0000 20 0.0021 N Australian Bustard W 14 0.0232 46 0.0048 D*** Little Button-quail W 3 0.0050 34 0.0035 N Bush Stone-curlew W 8 0.0132 4 0.0004 (D) Pied Oystercatcher C 16 0.0453 31 0.0250 D* Black-winged Stilt C 1 0.0028 31 0.0250 1** Banded Lapwing W 8 0.0132 47 0.0049 1** Red-capped Plover C 8 0.0227 54 0.0435 N Black-fronted Dotterel W 0 0.0000 45 0.0047 (1) Red-kneed Dotterel W 1 0.0017 23 0.0024 N Inland Dotterel W 0 0.0000 8 0.Q008 (I) Australian Pratincole W 2 0.0033 2 0.0002 N Pacific Gull C 19 0.0538 41 0.0331 N Silver Gull C 24 0.0680 115 0.0927 N Caspian Tern C 10 0.0283 42 0.0339 N Lesser Crested Tern C 0 0.0000 15 0.0121 1* Crested Tern C 25 0.0708 50 0.0403 D* Roseate Tern C 0 0.0000 13 0.0105 (I) Fairy Tern C 15 0.0425 21 0.0169 D** Bridled Tern C 6 0.0170 11 0.0089 N Whiskered Tern C 0 0.0000 18 0.0145 1* Laughing Turtle-Dove W 0 0.0000 21 0.0022 (I) Bird distribution, status and changes 391

Table 2 (cont.)

Common Name Distribution pre-1951 post-1950 Change pattern No. of Proportion of No. of Proportion of records records records records

Common Bronzewing W 1 0.0017 61 0.0064 N Crested Pigeon W 3 0.0050 349 0.0364 1*** Spinifex Pigeon W 4 0.0066 5 0.0005 N Diamond Dove W 2 0.0033 84 0.0088 N Peaceful Dove W 4 0.0066 17 0.0018 D* Red-tailed Black Cockatoo W 3 0.0050 7 0.0007 N Galah W 4 0.0066 280 0.0292 1** Little Corella W 6 0.0099 60 0.0063 N Cockatiel W 3 0.0050 73 0.0076 N Australian Ringneck W 2 0.0033 70 0.0073 N Mulga Parrot W 4 0.0066 62 0.0065 N Rock Parrot C 10 0.0283 17 0.0137 N Bourke's Parrot W 0 0.0000 13 0.0014 N Budgerigar W 2 0.0033 192 0.0200 1** Pallid Cuckoo W 9 0.0149 39 0.0041 D*** Black-eared Cuckoo W 0 0.0000 32 0.0033 N Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo W 8 0.0132 66 0.0069 N Tawny Frogmouth W 0 0.0000 19 0.0020 N Spotted Nighljar W 3 0.0050 27 0.0028 N Australian Owlet-nighljar W 0 0.0000 28 0.0029 N Blue-winged Kookaburra W 6 0.0099 19 0.0020 D*** Red-backed Kingfisher W 4 0.0066 41 0.0043 N Rainbow Bee-eater W 1 0.0017 58 0.0060 N White-browed Treecreeper W 2 0.0033 4 0.0004 N Black-tailed Treecreeper W 4 0.0066 4 0.0004 N Splendid Fairy-wren W 0 0.0000 51 0.0053 N Variegated Fairy-wren W 22 0.0364 187 0.0195 D** Blue-breasted Fairy-wren W 0 0.0000 1 0.0001 N White-winged Fairy-wren W 8 0.0132 121 0.0126 N Southern Emu-wren C 9 0.0255 4 0.0032 (D***) Rufous-crowned Emu-wren W 0 0.0000 9 0.0009 N Thick-billed Grasswren C 13 0.0368 44 0.0355 N Red-browed Pardalote W 7 0.0116 7 0.0007 N Striated Pardalote W 1 0.0017 16 0.0017 N White-browed Scrubwren C 20 0.0567 83 0.0669 N Rufous Fieldwren C 19 0.0539 74 0.0595 N Redthroat W 7 0.0116 136 0.0142 N Weebill W 0 0.0000 22 0.0023 N Dusky Gerygone C 5 0.0142 36 0.0290 N Broad-tailed Thornbill W 13 0.0215 46 0.0048 D*** Slaty-backed Thornbill W 0 0.0000 10 0.0010 N Chestnut-rumped Thornbill W 1 0.0017 106 0.0110 1* Samphire Thornbill C 9 0.0255 35 0.0282 N Yellow-rumped Thornbill W 2 0.0033 7 0.0007 N Southern Whiteface W 3 0.0050 70 0.0073 N Banded Whiteface W 0 0.0000 4 0.0004 N Brown Honeyeater W 11 0.0182 9 0.0009 D*** Black Honeyeater W 0 0.0000 8 0.0008 N Pied Honeyeater W 4 0.0066 74 0.0077 N Singing Honeyeater W 19 0.0315 337 0.0351 N Grey-fronted Honeyeater W 0 0.0000 4 0.0004 N White-plumed Honeyeater W 6 0.0099 75 0.0078 N Brown-headed Honeyeater W 0 0.0000 5 0.0005 N White-fronted Honeyeater W 3 0.0050 32 0.0033 N Tawny-crowned Honeyeater W 3 0.0050 33 0.0034 N Yellow-throated Miner W 3 0.0050 67 0.0070 N Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater W 4 0.0066 131 0.0136 N Red Wattlebird W 0 0.0000 1 0.0001 N White-fronted Chat C 6 0.0099 21 0.0022 N Orange Chat W 3 0.0050 19 0.0020 N Crimson Chat W 7 0.0116 149 0.0155 N 392 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone

Table 2 (cont.)

Common Name Distribution pre-1951 post-1950 Change pattern No. of Proportion of No. of Proportion of records records records records

Red-capped Robin W 5 0.0083 92 0.0096 N Hooded Robin W 7 0.0116 43 0.0045 D* Yellow Robin W o 0.0000 3 0.0003 N Southern Scrub-robin W 3 0.0050 39 0.0041 N Grey-crowned Babbler W 1 0.0017 34 0.0035 N White-browed Babbler W 13 0.0215 188 0.0196 N Western Wedgebill W 13 0.0215 297 0.0309 N Chestnut Quail-thrush W o 0.0000 9 0.0009 N Chestnut-breasted Quail-thrush W 1 0.0017 12 0.0013 N Varied Sittella W 2 0.0033 8 0.0008 N Crested Bellbird W 18 0.0298 219 0.0228 N Golden Whistler W o 0.0000 2 0.0002 N Rufous Whistler W o 0.0000 105 0.0109 1* White-breasted Whistler C 3 0.0085 6 0.0048 N Grey Shrike-thrush W 4 0.0066 127 0.0132 N Mangrove Grey Fantail C 3 0.0085 43 0.0347 1* Grey Fantail W 1 0.0017 40 0.0042 N Willie Wagtail W 11 0.0182 255 0.0266 N Magpie-lark W 8 0.0132 97 0.0101 N Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike W 7 0.0116 145 0.0151 N Ground Cuckoo-shrike W o 0.0000 3 0.0003 N White-winged Triller W 5 0.0083 63 0.0066 N Masked Woodswallow W 1 0.0017 140 0.0146 1** Black-faced Woodswallow W 6 0.0099 339 0.0353 1** Little Woodswallow W 6 0.0099 13 0.0014 D*** Grey Butcherbird W 1 0.0017 89 0.0093 N Pied Butcherbird W 4 0.0066 102 0.0106 N Australian Magpie W 3 0.0050 32 0.0033 N Grey Currawong W 1 0.0017 12 0.0014 N Torresian Crow W 5 0.0083 30 0.0031 D* Little Crow W 18 0.0298 378 0.0394 N Australian Raven W o 0.0000 3 0.0003 N Spotted Bowerbird W o 0.0000 3 0.0003 N White-backed Swallow W 10 0.0166 76 0.0079 D* Welcome Swallow C 16 0.0453 170 0.1371 1*** Tree Martin W 7 0.0116 111 0.0116 N Fairy Martin W o 0.0000 41 0.0043 N Yellow White-eye C 6 0.0170 60 0.0484 1** Grey-breasted White-eye C 21 0.0595 57 0.0460 N Rufous Songlark W 5 0.0083 21 0.0022 D** Brown Songlark W 4 0.0066 66 0.0069 N Singing Bushlark W 2 0.0033 13 0.0014 N Mistletoebird W 4 0.0066 24 0.0025 N Zebra Finch W 16 0.0265 322 0.0335 N Painted Finch W 2 0.0033 3 0.0003 N Australian Pipit W 19 0.0315 488 0.0508 1* islands. Uncommon to moderately common Range, near Gascoyne Junction, eastern boundary of resident; usually in· pairs or family parties. Most region at Carey Downs, Muggon and Bullardoo, and kinds of scrub, thicket and tall heath, including 3 km south-east of Overlander. Locally moderately mangroves. Breeding in August-September. common, e.g. at Kennedy Range but generally Possibly declined (Table 2) but is more frequently uncommon; usually in pairs or family parties. Mainly encountered in the Peron area (where many of the canopy of tall mulga, especially on flats and early observations were made) than in inland parts watercourses. Breeding in August-September. of the study area. Acanthiza uropygialis Gould, 1838 Chestnut-rumped Acanthiza robustirostris Milligan, 1903 Slaty-backed Thornbill Thornbill Mainly eastern part of region, west to Boologooro, Mainly eastern part of region, recorded in Kennedy Boolathana, Callagiddy, WooramEd, Peron Birddistribution,statusandchanges 393

Peninsula,Nanga andNerren Nerren (butlargely regionnorthtoDirk Hartog I,Tamala, Peron absentfromsouth-westcorner).Moderately Peninsula,Hamelinandupper ~a e Locally commontoverycommon;usuallyinpairsorsmall commone.g.atspringsinKennedy Range but parties,alsocommonlyformingfeedingflockswith generallyscarceoruncommonandpatchily othersmallinsectivores.Most kindsofthicket, distributedinones,twosorsmallparties.Well scrubandtallheath(exceptthoseadjacenttocoast). wooded habitatsspeciallycreeksidethicketsand BreedinginJune-September.May haveincreased scrubs.Therehasbeenastatisticallysignificant inabundance(Table2)butitispossiblethatthe changeinthereportingrate(Table2)butthismay I' apparentincreaseisdueinparttothespeciesbeing bebecausethespeciesismorecommonnearthe Imore commonawayfromthecoast,while most coast,where most earlyobservationsweremade. Iearlyobserverswerenearthecoast. BreedingrecordedinSeptemberontheMurchison.

AcanthizairedaleiiredaleiMathews,1911Samphire Certhionyxniger(Gould,1838)BlackHoneyeater Thornbill Mainly easterninteriorofregion,recordedat SouthernshoresofLakeMacLeod;near-coastal Manberry, Kennedy Range National Park,Byro, flatsbetweenGascoyne andWooramel Rivers; Woodleigh, Nanga andOverlander; alsoun- northernPeronPeninsulaandEdelLand (near confirmedrecordfromCarnarvon. Infrequent Carrarang). Common residentonmainland coast visitor(mostlyMay-July).Scarce;inonesortwos. betweenCarnarvon andLong Point,scarceor Lightlywoodedcountryespeciallymulgaandother uncommonelsewhere;usuallyinsmallparties. openscrubs.BreedinginJuly. Samphire,stuntedmangroves andlowcoastal scrub.BreedinginAugust. CerthionyxvariegatusLesson,1830PiedHoneyeater Throughouttheregion,includingPeronPeninsula Acanthizachrysorrhoa(QuoyandGaimard, 1830) andEdelLand.Locally andseasonallycommon Yellow-rumpedThornbill (e.g.wetseasonsonCallagiddy1970-72andaround Mainly easternpartofregion,west toLake Overlander1991),butgenerallyuncommon;usually MacLeod, Kennedy Range, lowerWooramel, inones,twosorfamilyparties,occasionallyflocks Tamala andZuytdorp. Uncommon andpatchily (upto10).Lightlywoodedhabitatsincludingdune distributed;usuallyinpairsorsmallparties.Lightly scrubonKennedy Ranges where attractedto wooded oropencountry.Breedingrecordedjust flowering Banksiaashbyi. Breeding July to outsideregion(Landor)fromJune-September. September.

Aphelocephalaleucopsiscastaneiventris(Milligan, Lichenostomusvirescens(Vieillot,1817)Singing 1903)SouthernWhiteface Honeyeater Greater partofregionnorthtoBoologooro and Throughout theregion, includingPeron ,KennedyRangeNationalParkandwesttoBushBay, Peninsula,Edel LandandBernier,Dorre, Dirk Wooramel,Hamelin,CooloomiaandNerrenNerren Hartog andSalutationIsScarcetoverycommon butabsentfromPeronPeninsula,EdelLand,far (mostnumerousincoastalhabitats);mostlysingle, south-westcornerandislands.Commoninsouthern commonlyintwos,occasionallyinsmallparties(up partofregion,lessfrequentinnorth;usuallyinsmall to10).All kindsofthicketandscrubincluding parties(upto15).Lightlyorsparselywooded mangroves.BreedingJunetoSeptember. country(mainlymulga andbowgadascrubs)with shrubunderstorey.Breeding July-Septemberin Lichenostomusplumulus(Gould,1841)Grey-fronted south,alsoApril-Mayinnorthofregion. Honeyeater Farsouthofregion,northtoTamala,baseof Aphelocephalanigricincta (North,1895)Banded PeronPeninsula,NilemahandToolonga(i.e.north Whiteface tothemulga-eucalyptline).Scarceorabsentsouth Only recorded from Gascoyne Junction, ofNanga andwest ofNerren Nerren. Locally CallagiddyandfareastofregionatByro.Probably commonbutgenerallyscarce;inones,twosorsmall nomadic(alldatedrecordsApriltoAugustexcept parties.Mainlymalleescrubsonsandplains.One oneGascoyneJunctionrecordinFebruary).Scarce; undatedbreedingreport(butbreedinginlate usuallyinpairsorsmallparties(upto8).Lowopen spring-summerjudgingfromrecordsinadjacent shrublandmainlyonstonysoils.Breedingreported regions). justoutsidetheregionfromFebruary-August. LichenostomuspenicillatusGould, 1837White- Meliphagidae plumedHoneyeater Lichmeraindistinctaindistincta(VigorsandHorsfield, Northern andeasternpartofregion,southto 1827)BrownHoneyeater Yaringa,Woodleigh andMuggon.Verycommonin NorthernpartofregionatCamarvon,Boolathana pairsandsmallflocksontheGascoyne and andKennedyRangeNationalPark;alsosouthof WooramelRivers,moderatelycommonelsewhere. 394 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone

Mainly river gums but commonly visiting other eucalypt line. Breeding reported just outside region woodlands in vicinity of watercourses. Breeding in in September. January-February, May and July-August. Epthianura albifrons (Jardine and Selby, 1828) White- Melithreptus brevirostris leucogenys Milligan, 1903 fronted Chat Brown-headed Honeyeater Western coastal areas, from Lake MacLeod south Far south-west of region, north to Tamala, Nanga to Hamelin (including Peron Peninsula and Dirk and Woodleigh and east to Coburn, Toolonga and Hartog 1.) and inland to Boolathana, Yaringa and Coolcalalaya. This represents the northern limit for Woodleigh. Nomadic. Locally common or· this species in Western Australia. Moderately moderately common (e.g. Yaringa, Carbla and common; in pairs or small flocks (up to 20). Mainly Hamelin) but generally scarce; usually in pairs or mallee scrubs south of mulga-eucalypt line. small parties, also flocks (up to 50). Open or i Breeding in October. sparsely wooded country; samphire and other chenopod flats around coastal plains, saltlakes and Phylidonyris albifrons (Gould, 1841) White-fronted artesian bores and short grass flats. Breeding in Honeyeater May and September. Throughout the region. Irregular visitor, recorded in all months in far south and only winter in far Epthianura aurifrons Gould, 1838 Orange Chat north. Locally common in some years, e.g. Nanga in Mainly coastal areas from Lake MacLeod south to 1994, but generally scarce; in ones twos or small Hamelin (including Peron Peninsula) and inland to parties (abundance and frequency sharply declining Woodleigh. Nomadic. Locally moderately common northwards). Mainly shrublands, especially on but generally uncommon (most numerous after sandplains. Breeding in June, August, October and good rains); usually in pairs or small flocks (up to December. 5). Mainly samphire and short grass flats. Breeding in August. Phylidonyris melanops (Latham, 1802) Tawny- crowned Honeyeater Epthianura tricolor Gould, 1841 Crimson Chat Only recorded in south-west corner of region at Greater part of region including Kennedy Range, Zuytdorp, the northern limit of this species for Peron Peninsula, Edel Land and Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia. Scarce in coastal heaths. but not heavily wooded areas south of mulga- Breeding in October 1994. eucalypt line, i.e. south of Hamelin and west of Wannoo and Nerren Nerren. Nomadic, numbers Manorina flavigula (Gould, 1840) Yellow-throated varying according to rainfall; common in wet years Miner but generally uncommon; usually in pairs or small Greater part of region, west to Boolathana, flocks (up to 20). Sparsely wooded country, Carnarvon, Callagiddy, Wooramel, Nanga, Coburn especially samphire and short grass flats with green and Nerren Nerren (absent from Peron Peninsula, herbage and Triodia plains regenerating after fire; Edel Land and islands). Uncommon to common; attracted to flowering Eremophilas. Breeding July- usually in pairs or small parties (up to 20). All well September. wooded habitats, including towns and homesteads. Breeding in August-October. Petroicidae

Acanthagenys rufogularis Gould, 1838 Spiny-cheeked Microeca fascinans assimilis Gould, 1841 Jacky Winter Honeyeater Only recorded at Nerren Nerren in far south-west Throughout the region. Moderately common to of region. Uncommon, two reports of single birds; common in eastern part of region, but generally open eucalypt woodlands, south of mulga-eucalypt scarce or absent near coast; in ones, twos or small line. flocks, sometimes wandering flocks (up to 30) tending to move north in winter. Mainly mulga and Petroica goodenovii (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Red- other acacia scrubs, also mallee and other eucalypt capped Robin scrubs and woodlands. Breeding in September- Greater part of region but scarce or absent south October. of Hamelin and west of Nerren Nerren; also a winter visitor or passage migrant to Dirk Hartog Anthochaera carunculata (White, 1790) Red Island. Resident and winter visitor. Common in Wattlebird interior of region, scarce in coastal areas; usually in Far south of region north presumably to mulga- ones or twos. Mainly acacia scrubs and woodlands. eucalypt line, Nerren Nerren (one record from Breeding July-September. Woodleigh in 1977). The northern limit of this species in Western Australia. Scarce, in ones and Petroica cucullata (Latham, 1802) Hooded Robin twos. Probably mainly winter visitors from further Greater part of region including Peron Peninsula south. Eucalypt woodlands, mainly south of mulga- and Dirk Hartog Island (but absent from far south- Bird distribution, status and changes 395

west corner). Scarce or uncommon in open coastal but uncommon and patchily distributed east of country (rare or absent north of Yaringa); moderately western side of Kennedy Range aJ;ld Gascoyne common in eastern part of region; in ones or twos. Junction. Mainly open acacia scrubs and edges of Mainly open scrubs (especially mulga but also other denser vegetation. Breeding late June-early October. acacias). Breeding in August-September. Possibly declined in abundance (Table 2). Cinclosoma castanotus Gould, 1840 Chestnut Quail- thrush Eopsaltria australis griseogularis (Gould, 1838) Yellow Southern interior of region, north to Woodleigh ; Robin and west to Peron Peninsula, Edel Land and , Confined to far south of region, north to Tamala Cooloomia. The northern limit of this species in and Peron Peninsula and east to Nerren Nerren and Western Australia. Locally common in pairs or Toolonga. This is the northern limit of this species family parties. Mainly mixed scrubs and woodlands in Western Australia. Uncommon to moderately with dense understorey on red sands and loams. common; in ones and twos. Thickets and scrubs of Breeding reported outside the region in August. Acacia, Eucalyptus and Melaleuca. Breeding in July- August. Cinclosoma castaneothorax marginatum Sharpe, 1883 Chestnut-breasted Quail-thrush Drymodes brunneopygia Gould, 1840 Southern Scrub- Mainly far east of region, west to Mardathuna, robin (including Kennedy Range), Gascoyne Junction, Confined to the far south of region, north to Callytharra Springs, near the Elbow of the Herald Bight (Peron Peninsula) and east to Nerren Murchison and just east of our region on Bullardoo Nerren (but absent from Edel Land). The northern (also unconfirmed reports from Callagiddy and limit of this species in Western Australia. A Boolathana). Moderately common to common; northern record from near the Manberry turnoff usually in pairs or family parties. Mainly stony rises (24°04'S, 114°03'E) is well outside the normal range, with open scrub, especially mulga and bushy and requires confirmation. Moderately common to understorey (particularly Eremophila and Ptilotus). common; usually in ones or twos. Scrubs and Breeding August-September. thickets of Acacia, Melaleuca, Eucalyptus, Banksia, Scholtzia and Thryptomene. Breeding in July-August. Neosittidae (Gould, 1838) Pomatostomidae Daphoenositta chrysoptera pileata Varied Sittella Pomatostomus temporalis rubeculus Gould, 1839 Grey- Mainly eastern interior of region west to crowned Babbler Boologooro, Callagiddy, Woodleigh and Nerren Eastern part of region, west to Minilya, the lower Nerren. Scarce or uncommon and patchily Gascoyne (Rocky Pool), mouth of Wooramel and distributed; usually in roving flocks (up to 6). Bompas Hill, near The Elbow of the Murchison. Mainly river gum and mulga woodlands, especially Moderately common; usually in small flocks (up to along watercourses. Breeding August-September. 8). Mainly river gums and tall open mulga especially along minor watercourses, occasionally other acacia scrubs. Breeding in July-August. Oreoica gutturalis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Pomatostomus superciliosus (Vigors and Horsfield, Crested Bellbird 1827) White-browed Babbler Throughout the region including Dirk Hartog Greater part of region including Peron Peninsula Island. Common; usually single, occasionally in and Edel Land. Moderately common to common twos. Most wooded habitats especially mulga and (more numerous in southern part of region); usually other acacia scrubs; also mallee scrub and eucalypt in pairs or small parties (up to 12). Mainly acacia woodlands. Breeding June-September. thickets and scrubs, especially mulga; also mallee and tea-tree scrubs and bushy understorey along pectoralis fuliginosa Vigors and watercourses. Breeding June-October. Horsfield, 1827 Golden Whistler Far south of region, north to Tamala and Nanga Cinclosomatidae and east to Nerren Nerren. The northern limit of this species in Western Australia. Moderately Psophodes occidentalis (Mathews, 1912) Western common; usually in ones and twos. Mainly mixed Wedgebill scrubs of Acacia and Eucalyptus. Breeding reported Greater part of region including Peron Peninsula outside the region in September. and Edel Land but not densely wooded south (south of Tamala, Nanga and Cooloornia) and far north-east Pachycephala rufiventris rufiventis (Latham, 1802) (east of Kennedy Range and north of Gascoyne Rufous Whistler Junction. Very common in western part of region, Greater part of region, west to Lake MacLeod 396 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone

(Quobba), Bush Bay, Wooramel, Tamala, Nanga, Wooramel and Nerren Nerren. Moderately Coburn and Zuytdorp; scarce on Peron Peninsula. common in south (Nerren Nerren) scarce elsewhere; Common; usually single, occasionally in twos. Well- usually in ones or twos. Scrubs and thickets of wooded habitats, especially tall open mulga, but Acacia, Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, Allocasuarina and also other acacia scrubs, open mallee, eucalypt Callitris. woodlands and melaleuca scrubs. Coastal populations e.g. Bush Bay and Peron are probably Rhipidura leucophrys leucophrys (Latham, 1802) Willie augmented by winter visitors. Breeding in Wagtail September. Possibly increased in abundance (first Throughout the region including Dirk Hartog I recorded north of the Murchison in 1959; see also Island. Common, resident, winter visitor (from Table 2) but is least common in those areas most south-western Australia) and passage migrant; in frequented by early observers. ones and twos. Lightly wooded country especially I near water. Breeding July-october. Pachycephala lanioides Gould, 1840 White-breasted Whistler Grallina cyanoleuca (Latham, 1802) Magpie Lark Confined to the coast from Carnarvon south to Greater part of region but as a resident bird New Bay (25°13'S, 113°51'E). The southern limit of absent from much of extreme south-west (south of this species in Western Australia. Locally Hamelin); also vagrant or accidental on Dirk Hartog moderately common but generally scarce; in ones Island. Uncommon to moderately common, with a and twos. Confined to extensive stands of considerable influx of visitors in autumn and winter mangroves Avicennia marina. Breeding in (from south Western Australia); in ones, twos or September-october. small parties. Open or lightly wooded areas, riverine flats and bare or short grass flats near Colluricincla harmonica rufiventris Gould, 1841 Grey water, including station bores and mills. Breeding Shrike Thrush in May and August-october. Throughout the region, but not on islands. Moderately common; more numerous in south and Campephagidae east of region than in north and west (i.e. scarce in coastal areas north of Wooramel). Most wooded Coracina novaehollandiae novaehollandiae (Gmelin, habitats especially mulga and other acacia scrubs, 1789) Black-faced Cuckoo Shrike also mallee and river gums and mangroves. Throughout the region including Dirk Hartog Breeding in February, and July-September. Island. Common resident, passage migrant and winter visitor (February to September) from south Dicruridae Western Australia; usually in ones or twos, also flocks (up to 20) during migration. Mainly well- Rhipidura phasiana De Vis, 1884 Mangrove Grey wooded habitats. Breeding mainly July-September, Fantail occasionally February-April. Northern Lake MacLeod and coast from Miaboolia Beach south to Long Point, also coastal Coracina novaehollandiae subpallida Mathews, 1912 northern Peron Peninsula south to Little Lagoon Northern part of region south to Wooramel River. and Guichenault Point. The southern limit of this Largely confined to river systems (Minilya, Gascoyne species in Western Australia. Common; usually in and Wooramel). Moderately common resident; ones or twos. Confined to stands of mangroves usually in ones and twos. Mainly river gums. Avicennia marina. Breeding in August, October and Breeding birds from Mardathuna and Meedo are February. The apparent increase in reporting rate similar to subpallida; however, those from (Table 2) is due to the species only being separated the Murchison are darker above and below and are from R. fuliginosa in recent times. intermediate between novaehollandiae and subpallida. Rhipidura fuliginosa preissi Cabanis, 1851 Grey Coracina maximus (Riippell, 1839) Ground Cuckoo- Fantail shrike Throughout the region but mainly southern and Recorded only from Merlinleigh (Kennedy Range) western zones; also White Island. Winter visitor and in November 1982, Kennedy Range (24°31'S, passage migrant (March-September) from south- 114°57'E) in May 1995, and Callagiddy June 1972. western Australia. Common in the south west of Numerous records to east of Carnarvon Basin (e.g. region but becoming scarce or uncommon in the Landor). Scarce or uncommon resident and winter north and east; usually single occasionally in twos. visitor from further east. Usually in pairs or small All wooded habitats including mangroves. parties (up to 4).

Rhipidura lfuliginosa) albicauda North, 1895 White- Lalage tricolor (Swainson, 1825) White-winged tailed Fantail Triller Mainly far east of region; west to the upper Greater part of region, west to' Quobba, Bird distribution, status and changes 397

Boolathana, Carnarvon, Callagiddy, Wooramel, Artamus minor Vieillot, 1817 Little Woodswallow Tamala and Zuytdorp but absent from Peron Regionally confined to Kennedy Range, Peron Peninsula (apart from one record, July 1985), Edel Peninsula and Edel Land, also Dirk Hartog Land and islands. Breeding visitor and passage Island. One record from near the Zuytdorp migrant. Locally common in wet years, Scarce in dry Cliffs. In Kennedy Range, locally moderately years; in ones, twos or small flocks (up to 10) and common in pairs or small parties (up to 10), on larger flocks in northward autumn passage. Most Peron and Edel Land possibly only a winter wooded habitats especially tall mulga and river visitor (all records in August). Mainly about gums with lush herbage. Breeding July-Dctober. cliffs, in gorges, at breakaways and on rocky coasts. Breeding reported just outside the region Artamidae in September-October. There has been a statistically significant increase in reporting rate , Artamus leucorhynchus leocopygialis (Gould, 1842) (Table 2) but this result is likely to be due to the White-breasted Woodswallow restricted geographic pattern exhibited by the Confined to northern Lake MacLeod, vicinity of species. Carnarvon and sections of Gascoyne River, also casual on northern Peron Peninsula (Herald Bight and near Denham). Common resident; usually in Cracticidae ones, twos or family parties. Mainly in and near Cracticus torquatus torquatus (Latham, 1802) Grey mangroves. Butcherbird Artamus personatus (Gould, 1841) Masked Greater part of region including Dirk Hartog Woodswallow Island, but rare or absent on northern Peron Greater part of region but scarce or absent in far Peninsula and near-coastal plains west of south-west (south of Hamelin and west of Wannoo Manberry, Boolathana and Callagiddy south to 24 and Nerren Nerren). Nomadic visitor. Locally and km NW of Wooramel. Moderately common in seasonally uncommon to very common, and south, uncommon to moderately common in north; breeding in wet years. Usually in small flocks usually in ones and twos. Most kinds of scrub and occasionally large flocks (up to 1000). Lightly thicket especially tall dense mulga. Breeding in wooded country, attracted to flowering shrubs and June-August and October. trees. Breeding in August-September. Possibly Cracticus nigrogularis (Gould, 1837) Pied Butcherbird increased in abundance (Table 2) but this result may Greater part of region, west to , Quobba, have been influenced by the irruptive nature of this Bush Bay, Woodleigh, Hamelin and Zuytdorp but species. absent from Peron Peninsula and Edel Land. , Artamus superciliosus (Gould, 1837) White-browed Generally scarce in far south and western coastal Woodswallow plains; moderately common in north-eastern part of Rare visitor from eastern Australia, pair recorded region; usually single occasionally in twos, threes or at Callagiddy in 1976, also reported for Woodleigh fours. Lightly wooded country. Breeding in in July 1980 and October 1998. August-Dctober.

Artamus cinereus melanops Gould, 1865 Black-faced Cracticus tibicen tibicen (Latham, 1802) Australian Woodswallow Magpie Greater part of region, including Dirk Hartog 1. but Mainly eastern part of region west to Minilya, scarce or absent onnorthern Peron Peninsula (north of Brick House, Callagiddy, Wooramel, Woodleigh, Nanga) and in far south-west (west of Cooloomia). Tamala and Zuytdorp. Moderately common in Uncommon near coast, but generally moderately southern half of region, becoming uncommon and common to common in interior; usually in ones, twos patchily distributed in north and on coastal plains; or small parties (up to 12). Lightly wooded country usually in pairs or small parties (up to 10). Mainly especially on plains. Breeding in August-Dctober. sparsely vegetated flats in vicinity of tall trees Possibly increased in abundance (Table 2) but this (mainly river gums also bloodwoods and mulgas). result may be influenced by the species being less Breeding in August-September. common near the coast (where most early observations were made). Strepera versicolor plumbea Gould, 1846 Grey Currawong Artamus cyanopterus (Latham, 1801) Dusky Confined to far south-west at Tamala, Cooloomia Woodswallow and Zuytdorp. The northern limit of this species in Scarce winter visitor (June-July) from southern Western Australia. Scarce, ones and twos in dense Western Australia to far south of region, north to scrub of Acacia, Melaleuca and Eucalyptus. Breeding Yaringa, Woodleigh and Peron Peninsula. The just outside the region from late July to early northern limit of this species in Western Australia. September. 398 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone

Corvidae Greater part of region including Dirk Hartog Island and Kennedy Range but absent from area Mathews, 1912 Torresian Corvus orru cecilae south of Hamelin and west of Nerren Nerren. (Western) Crow Common in western coastal plains; uncommon to Mainly eastern part of region west to Minilya, moderately common elsewhere; usually in ones, Boologooro, Callagiddy, Wooramel, Woodleigh, twos or small parties (up to 7). Mainly open or Nerren Nerren and lower Murchison. Uncommon lightly wooded sandy or loamy plains, also dunes to moderately common (most numerous about the with Triodia on Kennedy Range. Breeding lower Gascoyne and Wooramel Rivers); usually in August-September. Possibly declined in ones or twos, occasionally small parties. Mainly abundance (Table 2) but this result may be due to vicinity of tall trees (for nesting) and water; the species being more frequent in areas visited attracted to road kills. Breeding in August- by early observers. September. Possibly declined in abundance (Table 2). We tentatively recognise this subspecies for Hirundo rustica gutturalis Scopoli, 1786 Barn western populations as they differ in nest, eggs and Swallow voice from those in eastern Australia. Rare summer visitor from northern hemisphere to Carnarvon; only recorded in February and early Corvus bennetti North, 1901 Little Crow March 1982. Throughout the region including Bernier and Dirk Hartog Islands [also listed for Dorre 1. by Storr Hirundo neoxena Gould, 1843 Welcome Swallow (1985) but source of this record is unknown]. Throughout the region, including many islands. Uncommon to very common (most numerous in Common resident on coasts; uncommon to southern and western pastoral country); scarce or moaerately common elsewhere. In interior largely absent in waterless parts of far south-west (south of confined to mills, towns, homesteads, woolsheds, Tarnala); in ones, twos or flocks (up to 100). Possibly darns, wetlands, wells and abandoned mines; partly migratory after breeding, moving south and provision of artificial water points and nest sites south-west into cooler and less arid country. Lightly has resulted in the highly significant increase in the wooded country (especially mulga and other open reporting rate (Table 2). Probably present in interior Acacia scrub) in vicinity of water; attracted to road only since European settlement. Breeding June to kills and thermals. Breeding July to September also October. February. Although not statistically significant, the reporting rate has increased (Table 2) and it is likely Hirundo nigricans nigricans Vieillot, 1817 Tree Martin that this species has benefited from pastoralism, as Greater part of region including (in winter or on is believed to be the case in the adjacent Murchison passage) Dirk Hartog Island. region (Saunders and Curry, 1990). Resident, winter visitor and passage migrant. Common; usually in small parties, occasionally Corvus coronoides perplexus Mathews, 1912 flocks (up to 30). Migratory, moving north from the Australian Raven south-west of the State in autumn and south in late Far south, Wooramel River at Meedo, Nanga, winter and early spring. Mainly open country in Nerren Nerren, Zuytdorp and lower Murchison vicinity of water especially river pools. Breeding in River. The northern limit for this species in Western May and August-September. Australia. scarce, usually in ones or twos. Mainly open eucalypt and acacia woodlands (river gums Hirundo ariel (Gould, 1843) Fairy Martin on the Wooramel and Murchison) in vicinity of Mainly interior of region west to Lake MacLeod, water; attracted to road kills. Breeding on lower Boolathana, mouth of Wooramel River, Peron Murchison in August-September. Peninsula, Wannoo and lower Murchison. Formerly scarce or absent (first record 1970), now common to Ptilonorhynchidae moderately common; usually in small parties or flocks (up to 200). Mainly open country in vicinity Ptilonorhynchus maculatus guttatus (Gould, 1862) of fresh water and nest sites (cliffs, caves, (Western) Spotted Bowerbird breakaways, rock piles, bridges, culverts, tanks and Regionally confined to Kennedy Range, buildings). Provision of artificial water points and Woodleigh and lower Murchison River (Yandil). nest sites has resulted in increase. Breeding August Uncommon and patchily distributed; usually single. to October. Mainly thickets of Acacia in rocky gullies and along watercourses. Zosteropidae Zosterops luteus Gould, 1843 Yellow White-eye Hirundinidae Regionally confined to northern Lake MacLeod Cheramoeca leucosterna (Gould, 1841) White-backed and mainland coast from Miaboolia Beach south to Swallow Long Point, and northern Peron Peninsula south to Bird distribution, status and changes 399

Little Lagoon and Monkey Mia. Common resident Alaudidae of mangroves Avicennia marina; usually in pairs or Mirafra javanica horsfieldi Gould, 1847 Singing small parties, occasionally flocks (up to 30). Bushlark Breeding July to February. Apparently increased in Only recorded at Minilya, Boolathana, Jimba abundance (Table 2). Jimba, Callagiddy, Bush Bay and Hamelin Pool. The Zosterops lateralis gouldii Bonaparte, 1850 Grey- southern limit of this species in Western Australia. breasted White-eye (Silvereye) Rare or uncommon; possibly more frequent in far Coasts and coastal plains inland to Boolathana, north in wet years; mainly in ones and twos. Treeless Callagiddy and Woodleigh, including Peron or sparsely wooded flats. Breeding reported at Peninsula, Edel Land, Bernier and Dirk Hartog Minilya in August and Jimba Jimba in October. Islands and islands in Freycinet Estuary. Common resident; usually in pairs or small parties Dicaeidae occasionally flocks (up to 40). Mainly thickets of Dicaeum hirundinaceum hirundinaceum (Shaw, 1792) Acacia, Nitraria and Ficus, but also in samphire. Mistletoebird Breeding July-September. Greater part of region including Dirk Hartog Island, but not northern coastal areas (west of Sylviidae Boologooro, Callagiddy and Woodleigh) except for one record at Brickhouse. Probably nomadic; Acrocephalus australis gouldi (Dubois, 1901) recorded all months except July but abundance Australian Reed Warbler varies greatly. Uncommon in ones or twos. Most Mainly coastal plains from 16 km north of well-wooded habitats. Breeding recorded just Carnarvon south to Hamelin; also creek at Old outside the region in August. Mooka. Locally common e.g. at Yaringa and Hamelin, but generally uncommon and patchily distributed. Mainly Typha and sedges at drains and Passeridae artesian bore overflows. Taeniopygia guttata castanotis (Gould, 1837) Zebra Finch Megalurus gramineus gramineus (Gould, 1845) Little Greater part of region (including Dirk Hartog 1. Grassbird and Salutation 1.), but scarce or absent in far south- Regionally confined to northern Lake MacLeod west of region (south of Hamelin and west of and coasts and coastal plains from Miaboolia Beach Coburn and Nerren Nerren) except for one record south to Hamelin. Moderately common resident of at Zuytdorp Cliffs (Storr, 1991). Common or very coastal areas, in ones or twos. Mainly mangroves common in pastoral country; usually in pairs or (Avicennia marina) and samphire; also Typha small flocks, often in hundreds at water. Treeless or growing along drains and around overflows from lightly wooded grassland country in vicinity of artesian bores. water, especially stock-watering troughs. Breeding late February to October. Although not statistically Cincloramphus mathewsi Iredale, 1911 Rufous significant, the reporting rate has increased (Table Songlark 2). On the other hand, Zebra Finches were only Greater part of region but no records from far recorded in 14 of the 42 years before 1950 for which south-west, i.e. west of Wooramel, Overlander and there are records, compared with 35 of 45 years of Nerren Nerren. Common and widespread in wet observation since that period, suggesting that the years but generally uncommon to moderately species has increased significantly, probably due to common; in ones, twos or small parties. Lightly the provision of artificial water sources. wooded grasslands, especially flats beside watercourses. Breeding July to September. Possibly Neochmia ruficauda clarescens (Hartert, 1899) Star decreased in abundance (Table 2). Finch Rare visitor to lower Gascoyne (Carnarvon, Cincloramphus cruralis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827) Callagiddy and Rocky Pool); also one report from Brown Songlark lower Wooramel. The southern limit of this species Greater part of region including Dorre, Dirk in Western Australia. Hartog and Salutation Islands but few records from far south-west. Common breeding visitor in wet Emblema pictum Gould, 1842 Painted Finch years, but generally uncommon to moderately Far north of region at Boologooro, Boolathana and common; in ones and twos. Treeless or sparsely Kennedy Range. Uncommon; usually in pairs or wooded grassy plains (including Triodia), especially small flocks (up to 6). In Kennedy Range mainly coastal and riverine plains; also samphire-saltbush stony areas and dunes with Triodia. Probably flats around saltlakes and claypans. Breeding July- descending to adjacent plains to water during dry August also February in far north. periods. 400 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone

Motacillidae Ford (1987) and Schodde and Mason (1999) delineate the Murchison River drainage as a major Anthus australis australis Vieillot, 1818 Australian geographic barrier separating the Pilbara and the Pipit south-west regions and initiating differentiation Throughout the region (including islands). within a number of species and subspecies. In the Common to very common; in ones, twos or small present day context, a far more dominant parties. Sparsely vegetated country: coastal beaches biogeographic feature in this region is the mulga- and dunes, samphire and grassy flats, claypans, eucalypt suture zone (Serventy and Whittell, 1967) bare ground, road edges, airfields, around mills and that serves to terminate the ranges of some species homesteads. Breeding May to October. Has and also serves as a zone of overlap and in some apparently increased in abundance (Table 2), cases intergradation, for a number of closely related probably as a result of opening up of some areas species and subspecies, e.g. Variegated Fairy-wren through grazing by domestic stock. and Blue-breasted Fairy-wren, Striated Pardalote Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758 Yellow Wagtail (northern Pardalotus striatus murchisoni and southern Uncommon visitor from north-east Asia; one P. s. westraliensis), White-browed Scrubwren (subspecies unknown) observed at Carnarvon on 16 (northern Sericornis frontalis balstoni and southern S. February 1991 (Western Australian Bird Notes No. 58: f maculatus), Chestnut Quail-thrush and Chestnut- 2,7). breasted Quail-thrush, Grey Fantail (northern Rhipidua fuliginosa albicauda and southern R. f preissi), Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike (northern Changes in Status and southern C. There were 11 798 records that we could 'use for a Coracina novaehollandiae subpallida and the three corvids (Torresian comparison of reporting rates between the two n. novaehollandiae) Crow, Little Crow and Australian Raven) that are periods either side of 1950. (Some records could not in unusual sympatry. be assigned confidently to one or other of these The two Shark Bay peninsulas, Peron and Edel periods, and were ignored for this comparison). Land, also provide an interesting contrast. These records were distributed between the periods Peninsulas generally have depauperate faunas as shown in Table 1. Changes in reporting rate are being largely surrounded by sea and with limited documented in Table 2; about 20 species have increased in abundance, about 120 are unchanged access to land based . Apart from the dead- end effect, Peron and Edel Land also differ and about 20 have decreased. markedly in both soil type and vegetation, Peron with more arid zone characteristics and Edel Land DISCUSSION largely an extension of the south-western region. These differences are reflected in their avifaunas The Avifauna and its Distribution with Peron containing a number of arid zone A total of 279 species (184 non- and 95 species not found on Edel Land, e.g. Galah, passerine) have been recorded from the area Cockatiel, Mulga Parrot, Thick-billed Grasswren covered by this paper. This number can be and Hooded Robin. Noteworthy also is the compared with the 273 species (175 non-passerine Southern Scrub-robin and Yellow Robin both and 98 passerine) listed by Storr (1985) for the much occurring on Peron but confined to the base of Edel larger Gascoyne region. Few additional passerine Land. The fauna of Peron is also enriched by a species could be expected for the Carnarvon Basin, number of mangrove species that have colonised it however more work along the coast would from the north including Mangrove Grey Fantail, probably add additional waders to the list. White-breasted Woodswallow and Yellow White- Overall the Carnarvon Basin region contains a eye. The ranges of a number of species terminate at moderately rich avifauna. Most of this diversity is the base of both peninsulas, e.g. Grey-fronted due to the large size of the region with a wide Honeyeater, Brown-headed Honeyeater, Chestnut variety of habitats in general, but also to the fact Quail-thrush and Golden Whistler, despite what that the southern part of the region straddles the appears to be suitable habitat for some of these mulga-eucalypt line and is the transition zone from further north. Twelve species that are largely summer to winter dominated rainfall. This provides marine breed on islands in the region: Wedge-tailed pn admixture of species from the northern arid zone Shearwater, Pied Cormorant, Eastern Reef Heron, and the southern subhumid zone. Northern arid Osprey, White-bellied Sea Eagle, Silver Gull, Pacific zone species include Diamond Dove, Cockatiel, Gull, Caspian Tern, Lesser Crested Tern, Crested Red-browed Pardalote, Black Honeyeater, Spotted Tern, Bridled Tern and Fairy Tern. The offshore Bowerbird and Painted Finch, while southern islands are also an important refuge for the Rock subhumid zone species include Yellow Robin, Parrot which is at its northern limit at Shark Bay Golden Whistler, Southern Emu-wren and Blue- and for three endemic malurids: Variegated Fairy- breasted Fairy-wren. wren Malurus lamberti bernieri (on BernieI' and Dorre Bird distribution, status and changes 401

1.); White-winged Fairy-wren Malurus leucopterus Masked Woodswallow. leucopterus (on Dirk Hartog 1.); and the Southern The Kennedy Range contains one species, the Emu-wren Stipiturus malachurus hartogi (on Dirk Rufous-crowned Emu-wren, that is regionally Hartog 1.). Also noteworthy is the fact that the confined to its plateau and this area also supports a Thick-billed Grasswren Amytornis textilis is now number of species that are rare elsewhere in the extinct on Dirk Hartog 1. (not recorded since 1918). Carnarvon Basin including Slaty-backed Thornbill, Apart from small stands in the Houtman Painted Finch and Spotted Bowerbird. The Splendid Abrolhos and near Bunbury, there are no Fairy-wren is at its northern limit in the Kennedy mangroves south of Shark Bay. The small blocks of Range. mangal in the Camarvon Basin extend as a broken The southern zone with its extensive eucalypt belt along the coast and on Lake MacLeod and scrubs and woodlands contrast sharply with the contain seven species that are largely confined or Acacia dominated areas further north but cover only dependent on mangroves: Mangrove Heron, about 10% of the Carnarvon Basin. This habitat Brahminy Kite, White-breasted Whistler, Mangrove contains 17 southern species that are on or near Grey Fantail, Dusky Gerygone, Yellow White-eye their northern limit, viz. Malleefowl, Regent Parrot, and White-breasted Woodswallow. All of these are Yellow Robin, Golden Whistler, Southern Scrub- of northern origin and all are at their southern limit robin, Blue-breasted Fairy-wren, Southern Emu- in Western Australia: the Mangrove Heron, wren, Striated Pardalote (subspecies westraliensis), Mangrove Grey Fantail, Yellow White-eye and Brown-headed Honeyeater, Grey-fronted Honey- White-breasted Woodswallow range south to eater, Tawny-crowned Honeyeater, Grey northern Peron Peninsula; the White-breasted Currawong, Chestnut Quail-thrush, Red Wattlebird, Whistler occurs south to Bush Bay; Dusky Gerygone Dusky Woodswallow, Australian Raven and Jacky south almost to Long Point; and Brahminy Kite to Winter. When flowering the eucalypts, banksias, Carnarvon. Many other birds frequently visit hakeas, melaleucas and grevilleas attract many mangroves to feed, nest or shelter; these include honeyeaters. Pied Cormorant, Darter, Little Egret, Sacred A few species are more common on watercourses Kingfisher, Tree Martin, Broad-tailed Thornbill, and in creekside vegetation than in other habitats. White-browed Scrubwren, Variegated Fairy-wren, They include the Blue-winged Kookaburra, Black- Little Grassbird, Singing Honeyeater and Zebra tailed Treecreeper, Red-browed Pardalote, White- Finch. plumed Honeyeater and Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike Coastal samphire flats support mainly ground (subspecies subpallida). The Blue-winged Kook- dwelling species including the Bustard, Little aburra is at its southern limit on the Wooramel Button-quail, White-browed Scrubwren, Rufous River and the Black-tailed Treecreeper on the Fieldwren, Samphire Thornbill, Singing Bushlark Gascoyne River. Noteworthy here also is the fact and Little Grassbird. that the Torresian Crow and Australian Raven are Coastal Acacia and Nitraria thickets are important sympatric between the Wooramel and Murchison habitat for the Grey-breasted White-eye a southern Rivers. The Australian Raven is at its northern limit species ranging north to just beyond the Camarvon on the Wooramel and the Torresian Crow at its Basin (Point Cloates). Flooded samphire flats and southern limit on the Murchison. Permanent river coastal wetlands are also important for waterfowl pools are also important for the Darter, Little Black and some waders including Grey Teal, Little Egret, Cormorant, Peaceful Dove, Spinifex Pigeon and Star Greenshank, Sharp-tailed Sandpiper, Banded Stilt Finch. The Pheasant Coucal appears to be locally and Red-capped Plover. In this habitat the Chestnut extinct on the lower Minilya River (no reports this Teal is now locally extinct (no record since 1916). century) and Major Mitchell's Cockatoo formerly The eastern acacia zone covers about 70% of the occurred on the Wooramel River. region and contains a large number of sedentary Due to the irregularity of the climate the species such as Australian Ringneck, Chestnut- following birds show considerable nomadism: Emu, breasted Quail-thrush, White-browed Treecreeper, Stubble Quail, anatids, Straw-necked Ibis, Black- Yellow-throated Miner, Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater, tailed Native Hen, Bustard, Little Button-quail, Red- Grey-crowned Babbler, Magpie and White-tailed necked Avocet, Red-kneed Dotterel, Cockatiel, Fantail. Although no longer extant on Dirk Hartog Budgerigar, Banded Whiteface, Black Honeyeater, Island, or in most parts of its former range in Pied Honeyeater, White-fronted Honeyeater, Western Australia, the Thick-billed Grasswren is White-fronted Chat, Crimson Chat, White-winged still plentiful in scrubs and thickets on Woodleigh Triller, Masked Woodswallow and Mistletoebird. and northern Peron Peninsula. This zone also The honeyeaters mentioned above wander over contains a large component of nomads and most of the Gascoyne region in search of flowering breeding and non-breeding visitors including trees and shrubs. Sacred Kingfisher, Rainbow Bee-eater, Black A breakdown of the avifauna under each of the Honeyeater, Pied Honeyeater, Crimson Chat and main habitat types is given below (where the status 402 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone

of a species is similar in two or more habitats it was bred in each month (i.e., with eggs), breeding of the included in each of them). land bird fauna mostly occurs in the months of June 1. Inshore seas, tidal mudflats, beaches and coastal to October (Figure 3). More species are known to cliffs: 66 species (5 passerine) breed in August than in any other month, with 78% 2. Islands 70 species (20 passerine) of breeding land birds recorded as having bred in 3. Manga120 species (13 passerine) that month. This pattern does not match the 4. Coastal Plains 171 species (40 passerine) temporal pattern of records of occurrence of these 5. Eastern Acacia Zone 111 species (55 passerine) species - 15 299 dated records of occurrence for 116 land bird species known to breed in the study area 6. Kennedy Range 90 species (54 passerine) show peaks in May and August to October. (Note 7. Southern Eucalypt Zone 108 species (57 that this is in part a measure of effort rather than passerine) simply a measure of occurrence). Figure 3 therefore 8. Watercourses 120 species (51 passerine) probably does show a reasonable measure of the This gives an indication of the richness of each breeding season over the bulk of the study area. habitat type, but more particularly it shows the This peak of breeding in spring is consistent with importance of the minor habitats especially the Schodde's (1982) view that spring is the time of the southern eucalypt zone, watercourses and mangal. major peak of breeding in arid zone birds. Schodde One site of particular importance is Lake MacLeod. also considered that there was a significant pause in It has been reported several times as supporting breeding in winter aune-July) but our data suggest high numbers of species and individuals of that this is when breeding commences for many waterbiFds, with the highest count being 114956 species in the Camarvon Basin. Much of our study individuals of 53 species in September 1987 aaensch area is near the coast and this may influence climate and Vervest, 1990). to an extent that breeding can commence earlier Relationships between climatic factors here than further inland. On the other hand, Davies (precipitation, temperature) and the broad scale (1979) showed that breeding of land birds in the distribution of birds in the Camarvon Basin, and the southern inland of Western Australia is slightly influence of substrate and vegetation characteristics earlier than breeding in the wheatbelt and extreme at a finer scale, are discussed elsewhere (Burbidge, south-west, and occurs over a longer period. Our Johnstone, Fuller and Stone, 2000). data are consistent with this trend, with breeding in The visitors, which make up about 30 percent of the Carnarvon Basin (north of the area investigated the fauna, can be divided into seven main groups. by Davies) being even earlier. This conforms well 1. Non-breeding summer visitors from the with Nix's (1976) prediction, based on the timing of northern hemisphere, e.g. Black-tailed Godwit, maximum quarterly growth index values, that Grey Plover, Oriental Pratincole, Common Tern, timing of the peakbreeding season should be earlier Fork-tailed Swift and Barn Swallow. as one goes from the extreme south west of 2. Breeding summer visitors from north, e.g. Australia north through the wheatbelt and the Wedge-tailed Shearwater and Bridled Tern. Carnarvon Basin. Matching of the predicted time 3. Non-breeding visitors from south, e.g. Square- with the observed time is less precise as one goes tailed Kite, Elegant Parrot, Shining Bronze north (peak growth rates are predicted to be in late Cuckoo, Sacred Kingfisher, Western Gerygone autumn - early winter across much of the and Grey Fantail. Carnarvon Basin), indicating that commencement of 4. Non-breeding visitors from north, e.g. Magpie breeding may also be influenced by interactions Goose, Plumed Whistling Duck, Wandering with other factors such as photoperiod or Whistling Duck, Black Kite, Brolga and Flock temperature. North of the Carnarvon Basin, Nix Pigeon. (1976) predicted that the peak of breeding would be 5. Passage migrants e.g. many seabirds and in summer. In our data-set there is a minor peak in waders. breeding in February. This may be an indication of 6. Resident species whose numbers are greatly the influence of species with northern affinities (e.g. augmented by visitors in winter e.g. Brown Peaceful Dove, White-plumed Honeyeater, Goshawk, Collared Sparrowhawk, Kestrel, Mangrove Grey Fantail) that occur in the study Pallid Cuckoo, Striated Pardalote (subspecies area, together with breeding by some widespread westraliensis), Magpie Lark, Black-faced Cuckoo- species (e.g. Banded Lapwing, Brown Songlark) shrike, Dusky Woodswallow and Tree Martin. breeding at this time of year in the north of the 7. Vagrants e.g. Intermediate Egret, Australian study area, where summer rainfall is more likely to White Ibis, Letter-winged Kite, Black Falcon and occur. Kelp Gull. In the north-east of the Carnarvon Basin a number of species nest immediately after good rains, Breeding irrespective of the time of year (e.g. Little Button- Based on the number of species known to have quail, Budgerigar, Zebra Finch). - Birddistribution,statusandchanges 403 rn(/) 100 c:"E .-0 90 ElNumberofbreedingspecies "0 <.> ID ID 11Recordsofoccurrence(100s) ID ~ 80 .00~ -- 70 (/)ID (/) .-0 60 ~ Co...... 50 1/)- ~ 40 -0.0ID 30 ID E .0:J 20 Ec: :J"O 10 Z c: CO O+-t:=JillIlll.....,-=---,--l:::::.::.JIIIIIIII...... ,-= Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Figure3 BreedingoflandbirdsinthesouthernCarnarvonBasin.

ChangesinStatus leastpartoftheirrange,althoughsomeofthese Changesinstatusaredifficulttoassessbecause haveincreasedinotherareas. ofthefactorscitedabove.Nevertheless,ofthe162 Formanyofthespeciesforwhichwehavenoteda breedingspecieswe assessed,noneisknownto changeinabundance,otherobserverselsewherein havebecomeextinctinthestudyarea,about20 thearidzonehavenotedsimilarchanges.However, (13%)appeartohaveincreasedinabundanceover therearesomedifferences.Thespecieswebelieveto thelastcentury,about75%shownodetectable haveincreasedhavebeenreportedtohaveincreased change,and10-15%havedeclined.[Apossible elsewhere,with thepossibleexceptionofthe lossisthePheasantCoucal,collectedfromthe Chestnut-rurnpedThornbillandRufousWhistler. lowerMinilya byCarterin1887andnotreported However,asnotedunderthespeciesaccountsabove, since,andthoughttohavedeclinedinthePilbara changesinreportingratesforthesetwospeciesmay (Storr,1984)].Overall,changesintheCarnarvon havebeenaresultofthedifferentdispersionof Basin arecomparabletothoseinthenearby observersatdifferentperiodsintime.Thereare Murchison Rivercatchment,whereSaundersand biggerdifferencesinthelistsofdecliningspecies. Curry (1990)foundthat18%of118specieshad Our datasuggestapossibledeclineintheSpotted increased,nochangecouldbedetectedin75%and Harrier, PeacefulDove, PallidCuckoo, Little 7%haddecreased.However,theyalsonotedthat Woodswallow,White-backedSwallowandRufous theNightParrot,Scarlet-chestedParrotandThick- Songlark.Thesespecieshavenotbeenreportedas billedGrasswren haveapparentlydisappeared decliningelsewhere,butclosermonitoringofthese fromthecatchment.Curry andHacker (1990) speciesacrosstheirrangeswouldbewarranted.For believedthatonly4%ofbirdspeciesinthearid somespecies,suchasThick-billed Grasswren, rangelandsofWestern Australia havedeclined SouthernWhiteface andRufousFieldwren,wedid andabout9%increased,althoughthesearelikely notdetectachange,butchangeshavebeenreported tobeunder-estimates(Recher,1999).Changesin fromotherpartsofthearidzone.Thesuspected theCarnarvonBasinandtheMurchison catchment differencesinchangesinstatusinsomespeciesin appeartobelessthaninwestern New South theCarnarvon Basin comparedwith otherareas Wales, however,where SmithandSmith(1994) suggestthateithersomedifferentfactorshavebeen foundthat29%of291 speciesincreased,36% operating, thatdifferentchangeswill occur showednoconsistentoveralltrendand35% depending on the pre-disturbance species decreased.Furthermore,sixspeciesarebelievedto compositioninthearea,thatthereisadegreeof beextinctinwestern New SouthWales. As randomchangeoncetheprocessesofecosystem suggestedbySmithandSmith(1994)thegreater changecommence,orthereisenough'noise'inthe degreeofchangeinwesternNewSouthWalesis differentdatasetstoleadtosomeerroneous probablyduetothelongerhistoryofEuropean conclusions.Nevertheless,despitethesedifficulties, exploitationoftheareaandmore intensive ourdatasuggestthatbirdsoftheCarnarvonBasin settlement.When thewholeoftheAustralianarid havesufferedlessdeclinesthaninsomeotherareas zoneisconsidered(ReidandFleming,1992)about suchaswesternNewSouthWales. 20%(of230species)haveincreased,nochangehas Inconclusionitshouldbenotedthatthisstudy beendetectedin50%,and30%havedeclinedinat hasusedacombinationofbothpastandpresent 404 R.E. Johnstone, AH. Burbidge, P. Stone survey data. TI1e broad scale information compiled Carter, T. (1910). Remarks on some birds of Western from the Storr data bank of historical records Australia. Ibis (Ser.9) 4: 647-658. together with contemporary quadrat based Carter, T. (1917). The birds of Dirk Hartog Island and sampling has produced a far more definitive picture Peron Peninsula, Shark Bay, Western Australia, 1916- of the distribution, status and changes in the 17. Ibis (Ser. 10), 5 (4): 564-611. avifauna of the region than would otherwise have Carter, T. (1920). On some Western Australian birds been possible. collected between the North-West Cape and Albany (950 miles apart). Ibis (Ser. 11),2 (3): 679-719. Carter, T. (1921). On some Western Australian birds ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS collected between the North-West Cape and Albany (950 miles apart). Ibis (Ser. 11), 3 (1): 48-81. We thank all those observers who provided us Carter, T. (1923). Supplementary Notes on some birds with records, especially P.J. Fuller who from Western Australia and Dirk Hartog Island. Ibis participated in the 1994 and 1995 surveys and (Ser. 11), 5 (2): 218-228. Belinda and Peter Cale who supplied many Curry, P.J. and Hacker, RB. (1990). Can pastoral grazing unpublished records from the Shark Bay area. J.K. management satisfy endorsed conservation objectives Rolfe developed the procedure for mapping in arid Western Australia? Journal of Environmental records and N. Hall assisted with determining Management 30: 295-320. latitudes and longitudes of many sight records. Davies, S.J.J.P. (1969). An aerial survey of inland western N.L. McKenzie provided useful comments on an Australia. CSIRO Division of Wildlife Research earlier version of the manuscript. Technical Memorandum No 1. The National Reserve System Program of the Davies, S.J.J.F. (1979). The breeding seasons of birds in Australian Nature Conservation Agency (now south-western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Environment Australia), the Western Australian Western Australia 62: 53-64. Department of Conservation and Land Manage- Davies, S.J.J.F. and Chapman, G.S. (1975). The status of ment and the Western Australian Museum birds on Peron Peninsula and Dirk Hartog Island, provided funding for this study. Accumulation of Shark Bay, W.A. Emu 75: 55-61. the historical records was primarily carried out with Dunlop, J.N. and Wooller, RD. (1990) The breeding support from the Western Australian Museum and seabirds of southwestern Australia: trends in species, data entry by Christine Johnstone. populations and colonies. Corella 14: 107-112. Ford, J. (1987). Hybrid zones in Australian birds. Emu 87: 158-178. REFERENCES Franklin, D.e. (1999). Evidence of disarray amongst granivorous bird assemblages in the savannas of Brooker, B. (2000) The range and habitat characteristics northern Australia, a region of sparse human of the Thick-billed Grasswren Amytornis textilis in the settlement. Biological Conservation 90: 53-68. Shark Bay region. Wildlife Research 27: 245-256. Brooker, M.G. (1988). Some aspects of the biology and Halse, S.A, Shiel, RJ., Storey, A.W., Edward, D.H.D., conservation of the Thick-billed Grasswren Amytornis Lansbury, 1., Cale, D.J. and Harvey, M.S. (2000). textilis in the Shark Bay area, Western Australia. Aquatic invertebrates and waterbirds of wetlands and rivers of the southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Corella 12: 101-108. Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Brooker, M.G. (1989). Land birds at Monkey Mia, Peron Supplement No. 61: 217-267. Peninsula, Western Australia 1985-1987. Western Australian Naturalist 18: 29-34. Howard, M.J. (1983). Birds of the Carnarvon Region, Western Australia. Australian Bird Watcher 10: 86-98. Brooker, M.G. and Estbergs, AJ. (1976). A survey of terrestrial vertebrates in the Carnarvon Region, W.A Jaensch, RP. and Vervest, RM. (1990). Waterbirds at Western Australian Naturalist 13: 160-170. remote wetlands in Western Australia, 1986-8. Part Two: Lake MacLeod, Shark Bay, CambaIlin Brooker, M.G. and Ridpath, M.G. (1980). The diet of the Floodplain and Parry Floodplain. Royal Australasian Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax in Western Ornithologists Union Report No. 69. Australia. Australian Wildlife Research 7: 433-52. Burbidge, AH., Johnstone, RE., Fuller, P.J. and Stone, P. Johnstone, RE. (1990). Mangroves and mangrove birds (2000) Terrestrial birds of the southern Carnarvon of Western Australia. Records ofthe. Western Australian Basin, Western Australia: contemporary patterns of Museum Supplement No. 32. occurrence. Records of the Western Australian Museum Johnstone, RE. (2001). Checklist of the birds of Western Supplement No. 61: 449-464. Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Burbidge, AH., McKenzie, N.L. and Harvey, M.S. (2000) Supplement No. 63. A biogeographic survey of the southern Carnarvon McGowan, P., Gillman, M. and Dodd, M. (1998). Basin, Western Australia: background and methods. Assessing the status of poorly known species: lessons Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement from partridges and pheasants of southeast Asia. No. 61: 1-12. Biological Conservation 83: 1-7. Carter, T. (1887-1889). Notes from Western Australia. Nix, H.A (1976). Environmental control of breeding, Zoologist (Ser. 3) 11,12,13: 352-353, 28-50, 267-268. post-breeding dispersal and migration ofbirds in the Birddistribution,statusandchanges 405

Australianregion.ProceedingsoftheXVIInternational Fauna ofWestern NewSouthWales: 123-147.Royal OrnithologicalCongress:272-305. ZoologicalSocietyofNSW,Mosman, New South Peters,D.E. (1979).Someevidenceforadeclinein Wales. population statusof theRegent Honeyeater. Storr,G.M. (1984).BirdsofthePilbaraRegion,Western AustralianBirdWatcher8:117-123. Australia. RecordsoftheWestern AustralianMuseum Recher,H.F. (1999).ThestatusofAustralia'savifauna:a SupplementNo.16. personalopinionandpredictionforthenew Storr, G.M. (1985).Birds oftheGascoyne Region, millenium.AustralianZoologist31:11-27. WesternAustralia. RecordsoftheWestern Australian Reid,J.andFleming,M. (1992).Thec n er ~ti n status Museum SupplementNo.21. ofbirdsinaridAustralia.Range/andJournal14:65-91. Storr,G.M. (1990).BirdsoftheSharkBayarea,Western Ridpath,M.G. andBrooker,M.G. (1986).Thebreedingof Australia. InP.F.Berry,S.D. Bradshaw andB.R. theWedge-tailedEagleAquilaaudaxinrelationtoits Wilson(eds),Research inSharkBay. Reportofthe foodsupplyinaridWesternAustralia.Ibis128:177- France-AustraleBicentenaryExpeditionCommittee,299- 194. 311.WesternAustralianMuseum,Perth. Saunders,D.A. andCurry,P.J. (1990).Theimpactof StOIT,G.M. (1991).BirdsoftheSouth-westDivisionof agriculturalandpastoralindustriesonbirdsinthe WesternAustralia. RecordsoftheWestern Australian southernhalfofWesternAustralia:past,presentand Museum SupplementNo.35:1-50 future.ProceedingsoftheEcologicalSocietyofAustralia Storr,G.M.andJohnstone,RE.(1988).BirdsoftheSwan 16:303--321. CoastalPlainandadjacentseasandislands.Recordsof Schodde,R (1982).Origin,adaptationandevolutionof theWesternAustralianMuseum SupplementNo.28. birdsinaridAustralia. InW.R Barker andP.J.M. Thackway,RandCresswell,I.D.(eds)(1995).AnInterim Greenslade(eds),EvolutionoftheFloraandFaunaof BiogeographicRegionalisationofAustralia.Australian Arid Australia, 191-224. Peacock Publications, NatureConservationAgency,Canberra. Adelaide. Whitlock, F.L.(1921).Notes onDirkHartogIslandand Schodde,R. andMason, I.J.(1999).The Directory of PeronPeninsula,SharkBay,WesternAustralia. Emu AustralianBirds:.A taxonomicand 20:168-186. zoogeographicatlasofthebiodiversityofbirdsinAustralia Wyrwoll,K.-H.,Courtney,J.andSandercock,P.(2000) anditsterritories.CSIRO,Collingwood,Victoria. TheclimaticenvironmentoftheCarnarvonBasin, Serventy,D.L.andWhittell,H.M.(1967).BirdsofWestern WesternAustralia. RecordsoftheWestern Australian Australia.LambPublicationsPtyLtd,Perth. Museum SupplementNo.61:13-27. Smith,P.andSmith,J.(1994).Historicalchangeinthe birdfaunaofwestern New SouthWales:ecological patternsandconservationimplications.InD.Lunney, Manuscript received3November 1998;accepted8March S.Hand, P.ReedandD.Butcher(eds),Futureofthe 1999. Bird distribution, status and changes 407

APPENDIX Locations of records of each of the 162 bird species known or suspected to breed in the southern Carnarvon Basin. Coverage of records from south of the dashed line at about latitude 27.25°5 is incomplete. 408 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone r---

g>: MR ~ KE

River

Gascoyne Junction GJ

Did< Dirk Hartogl .. HartngI • WO • • • i i •".• N •• N • • .". ~ Kilometres • Kilometres • •

1l4" 115"

Emu Malleefowl

f MR ~ MR i KE KE t Bemierll River CamarvOD

I Gascoyne Dorre Junction GJ

Did Dirk Hartogl I Hartogl ~ i wo• i I I i • ; i N I N NE ~ NE ~ Kilometres Kilometres I ! --j

115" ---- I ~ StubbleQuail BlackSwan Birddistribution,statusandchanges 409

F F MR ~ MR ~ • KE • KE .i t og og ~ CamarvOll Done)

• Dirk Dirk HalIog) HalIog) • • WO • i i N • N NE NE .". ". Kilometres • Kilometres •

....._-l -' GreyTeal PacificBlackDuck

• e~ .MR MR ~ KE i River River

Gascoyne Gascoyne Junctioo GJ Junc1ioo GJ

Dirk Dirk llartog) lbrtog)

wo • wo

i i N N NE NE Kilometres KilomelreS

Hoary-headedGrebe Wedge-tailed Shearwater 410 R.EoJohnstone,A.HoBurbidge,PoStone l

f MR ~ KE

Bmlicrl/Camarvon River

Gascoyne DorrcI Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk HartogI Hartogl

wo

i i N N NE Kilometres Kilometres ~

L 114' --'------"-- Darter

Dirk Dirk Hartogl HartogI • wo wo

i N I NE I~ .~ NE ~ IKilometres ~ ~ I

-'- 1JL50__~ 1 -

PiedCormorant LittleBlackCormorant Bird distribution, status and changes 411 l J l MR • •

River ll

Gascoyne Dorre I Junction GJ

Did< Did< Ilmtog I Hartog I • • WO r" WO i i N N NE NE

)].4" lIS"

Little Pied Cormorant Australian Pelican

• ..~ •

Did< Did< Hartog I Ilmtog I • WO• • • • i i N N • NE NE '" . Kilometres lGIomettes •

114- JJ5° 115° _I_ ~ L_ --L J I White-necked Heron White-faced Heron 412 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone 1---- ~ ~ I r J) MR J MR #- lJBO KE KE i

B

Gascoyne Gascoyne Dorrel Junction GJ Junction GJ

Dirlc Dirk HartogI HartogI

WO WO

i i N N NE . NE ~ ~ Kilometres Kilometres

IW lIS"

EasternReefHeron StriatedHeron

"P" n ~

Lake Mc 714.~ C4f MR

Bernierl/ Bernierll Camarvon River CamarvOD River

Dorrel GJ DoneI

Dirlc Dirlc HartogI Hanogl

wo wo

i i N N NE NE Kilometres ~ ~ ~

V I lIS" ____-'--114· --'-liS· J L______--L__L.-_ _-----" -' Yellow-billedSpoonbill Osprey Birddistribution,statusandchanges 413

II)' Ilt· In "'---1 W,,\\'J' ~ ~ '" , "Cl- -oT-'"Cl- • Lake Mc :>: \\. r· n CU ~ ~ ~ ~ KE KE i • i• Bemierl/ · River River ~ Carnarvon -.,Camarvon • Gascoyne Gascoyne Dorrel DoneI • Junction GJ Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk llartogI llartogI • • wo wo • i i • N N • NE • ~ • Kilometres Kilometres •

US"

Black-shoulderedKite Black-breastedBuzzard --r--

r ~ MR .KE ..~ ~ River

GascoyJ>C Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk llartogI llartogl • wo wo

i • i N N • NE Kilometres KJlometres ~ ~

1 __1.L'_'.J-__-$'_ 1:5' I

Whistling Kite BrahminyKite 414 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone --:-rz;r------,---.----

.t'lR .KEi • c ~ ~River . - Gascoyne • Junction

Dilk Ditk Hartog1 HartogI • • • WO

i • i N N NE • NE Kilometres • Kilomet= -----

IW liS· • IW lIS·

BrownGoshawk CollaredSparrowhawk

r ~ r --....I.----,

• liS· i ~ I ~ >: ! f § I • ~KE iWR j.KE ~ . i · IFn Bemierl/Camarvon River · v. J

a ~ I Do",,1 GJ ~ GJ \

Ditk Ditk HartogI HartogI •

• N N NE !lINE Kilomet= Kilometres • •

•

LittleEagle Wedge-tailed Eagle Birddistribution,statusandchanges 415

f MR Ilf.1R JKE

GascoJ1lc i River ier ~ arvon

Gascoyne DorrcI GJ Junction GJ

Okk ~ HartogI r'-' •• wo •wo.. I I N N • NE NE Kilometres Kilomelre!

115·

White-belliedSea-Eagle SpottedHarrier

l •

ll

Dkk HartogI •

• I • N

Kilometres

• ~ BrownFalcon AustralianKestrel 416 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone ---.------·---r77-----.,-----l

; 1 MR ~ • KE

G4tcoYne i

River BemiC

Dorrel GJ

Did: Did: HartogI HartogJ • • WO WO

i i N N NE . NE ~ Kilometres Kilometres

115"

Black-tailedNative-hen EurasianCoot

Did: Did: HartogI HartogJ • wo I. i • i N N NE NE • 1!I Kilometres •

r~

114" 115" J _----l-I_L.-----'---_ AustralianBustard LittleButton-quail Birddistribution,statusandchanges 417

River Bernierl/ Camarvon River Bernierl!Camarvon

Gascoyne Gascoync DorreI DorreI Junction GJ Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk HartogI HartogI

wo

l' l' N N NE

Kilomeua Kilometres

BushStone-curlew PiedOystercatcher

>: !l ; MR $ ~ $ KE • KE ~ -i G=.l?Je 'Il 'Il River River

Gascoyne Gascoyne Junction GJ Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk HartogI HartogI

wo-

l' NE _ N N NE Kilometres KilomelreS ~ ~

_ _IS· I I

Black-wingedStilt BandedLapwing 418 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone

•

MR MR •

River Bemierl/ Comarvon

Gascoyne Doliel Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk Hartogl Hartog I • wo • i i N N

n- o NE .NE Kilometres Kilometres

Red-eapped Plover Black-fronted Dotterel

MR ~f MR ~f KE KE 1 i River River

Gascoyne GJ Junction GJ

lti•.,. Dirk Dirk Hartog I Hartogl

wo• wo

i i N N NE NE Kilometres Kilometres

Red-kneed Dotterel Inland Dotterel

------Bird distribution, status and changes 419

i MR ~i MR ~ KE KE GllScoy"e i River

Gascoyne Junction GJ

Did< Did< Hartog I Hartogl

wo wo

i i N N NE NE Kl10metres Kilometres

IW '-- -'------I.- L -----' Australian Pratincole Pacific Gull

MR ~i MR KE GllScoy"e i River River

Gascoyne Gascoyne Junction GJ Junttion GJ

I I Did< Did< Hartog I .j Hartog I

wo I wo

i i N N NE NE Kilometres Kilom.....

Silver Gull CaspianTem 420 R.E. Johnstone, A.H. Burbidge, P. Stone

; l: MR $ MR KE

River

Gascoync Gascoync Junction GJ Junction GJ

Didc Didc HanogI HartogI

wo wo

i i N N NE .. NE Kilom_

lIS· lIS" I lesser Crested Tern Crested Tern [ ; MR $r MR $ KE KE ~ i 'll River

Gascoync Junction GJ GJ

.Ri>... Didc Didc lIar1og1 HartogI

wo WO

i i N N NE NE Kilometres Kilom_

t ------A---

Roseate Tern Fairy Tern Birddistribution,statusandchanges 421 l11 i • MR f MR ~ KE KE

GascoYne i i Bemierll River Bernierll CamarvOD River Camarvon

Gascoyne I DorreI Done Jtmction GJ

Did< Dirlc HartogI Hmogl

wo wo

i i N N NE NE Kilometres Kilometres

IW 115° I BridledTern WhiskeredTern

MR .KEf 11 ~ 11 lIog

GJ

Did< Dirlc Hanogl Hanogl

11

11 11 i 11 i N N NE

Kilometres Kilometres _____... ~ ·, ,," liS" 115" L-----L-1 -,--~ laughingTurtle-Dove CommonBronzewing 422 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone l •l ,..--.J

~ i• MR ...... ~ KE c~ • h .... GJ • JI;,.... Dirk Dirk HartogI • HartogI • wo

i i N N NE

CrestedPigeon SpinifexPigeon

r MR • ~ ~ . if9J

GJ

Dirk Dirk HartogI HartogI • ..WO wo i i N N . NE , NE ~ ~ Kilometres • Kilometres

IW L- -'--""'- ---'---,--_----' DiamondDove PeacefulDove Bird distribution, status and changes 423

MR •

Bemiefl/ Camarvon River

Dorrel Gascoyne Junction GJ

Dirl< Dirl< Hartog I Hartog I

wo

i i ... • N N • • Kilometres Kilometres

Red-tailed Black Cockatoo Galah

.MR•

River Bemiefl/ ComllIVon

Done I GJ

lli.... Dirl< Dirl< Hartog I Hartog I • • • wo WO

i i .. N N • • NE • NE Kilometres Kilometres " •

115" I little Corella Cockatiel 424 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone

BcmierI/ Camarvon BcmierI/ Camarvon

Gascoyne Dom:I Dom:I GJ I'll Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk HanogI HanogI • • • • flNO •.. i i • • • • N N ••• • ~ I • • .- ... •

•

AustralianRingneck Mulga Parrot

I ,.-....I, r MR ~ .r.m KE • • i River River

G=oyne Junction GJ •

Dirk Dirk HanogI HanogI •• ••,-• wo rlNO • • i i •• N N NE NE • Kilometres

1(40 lIS" I RockParrot Bourke'sParrot Birddistribution,statusandchanges 425

• MR • River • Gascoyne Junction •GJ ••

Ilirlc Ilirlc HartogI • Hartogl • .. ••• WO ... • 11 i I N N •NE. Kilometres • • ••

114' L__--L--I.-_---.L-_,_---.J I • Budgerigar PallidCuckoo

-e.P.,. -e.P.,.

; r "MR ~ -'j-fR It KE •I_KE i i~ ~ Cammvon GJ Dorre GJ • • ••

Ilirlc Ilirlc IIartogI HartogI • • ••• WO •• I i • i • N N .PNE. . ...m ..~ ~ ~ ~ Kilometres Kilomettes •

Black-earedCuckoo Horsfield'sBronzeCuckoo 426 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone

n>: MR• ~ GlIScoYlle i

Bcmierl/CamarvOll River

DotreI • ~ er Dirl< Dirl< HartogI IlartogI • • WO WO

i • i N N •NE NE • Kilometres • Kilometres

TawnyFrogmouth SpottedNighljar

r MR ~ KE •

BcmierJ Cam""OlI

G=oync DotreI JUDCtion GJ

Dirl< Dirl< HartogI .. HartogI •wo • wo • i i N N _tiE. NE Kilometres ....• Kilometres

114" IW

AustralianOwlet-nighljar Blue-wingedKookaburra Birddistribution,statusandchanges 427 I r ~~-~~ ~~ .I Lake , Mc \\- ><. ·1 CU ) n tllR 4IR ~ • • KE. .";:i Bernierl/ Il

Dirk Dirk HartogI HartogI • • wo wo

i i • N N .~ NE NE • Kilometres Kilometres • • • •

I

IW 115°

Red-backedKingfisher RainbowBee-eater

f n>< MR ~ MR ~ KE KE i i 'Ii

Il

Gascoyne IlorTeI GJ Junction GJ •

Dirk Dirk HartogI Hartogl

WO WO • i I i N N NE I NE ". !-11" Kilomdrcs 1 i Kilomettes i f------I I

liS" JI-40 U5" I lJ\Ihite-browedTreecreeper Black-tailedTreecreeper 428 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone

IU'I--l

n>: • l MR ~• 11·." Bemierl/Camarvon River•

DorT

Dirk Dirk Hartogl HartogI • III...... ~~t ti~n .. y ...... • ••I!I. .\... ..- • • i ...... • i • fI.-.-.. N N .- • .r~ • ~ -m• Kilometres • Kilometres Ill. • •

L -----'--'------l....----.1 SplendidFairy-wren VariegatedFairy-wren

; ;. MR ~ ~ KE ~ Gosco ~ YIJe og i River

Gascoyne Gascoyne• Junction GJ Junction

Dirk Dirk Hartogl HartogI • wo I • i l' I N N

NE n- o NE rKilometres Kilometres ------• • ~ i i?'0 • ~

11<" • 115" I • 115" t____. '--L.. --LI__~ '------'---"- -'-1 _ Blue-breastedFairy-wren White-winged Fairy-wren Birddistribution,statusandchanges 429 I

I-w ; ; MR ~ MR KE ~ ·i· River Bemierll Camarvon

Gascoyne Dom! Gascoync Junction OJ Junction GJ

Did< Dirk HaIlogI HartogI

wo wo

i i N N NE NE Kilometres Kilometres

;1'0'>

IW L --L-Jr ~~ '-- --'-_-"- -'1__---1 SouthernEmu-wren Rufous-erownedEmu-wren

~i ~

iJ~ ; MR ~ MR ~ KE KE t .i -JCamarvon River ~ Camarvon Gascoyne Done! DomI Junction OJ GJ

Did< Dirlc HanogI • HartogI wo •• i • i N N ~ NE NE -----Kilometres Kilometres

114° t ------l'----'- --''--__------' Thick-billedGrasswren Red-browedPardalote 430 RE.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone

i MR ~ KE

Bernierll Camarvon

Gascoyne DoneI Junction GJ

IJirlc IJirlc HartogI HartogI

•wo wo • i • i N N •liE •NE Kilometres • 11 Kilometres •

• I•

1140

StriatedPardalote White-browedScrubwren

; MR ~ KE t ~ ":l River River.

Gascoyne Gascoync Junction GJ Junction 11 •• Dirk IJirlc MD HartogI HartogI ~....•• wo ~ -". •• I.•.... • i i • •• N N • • NE .1~ • ~ Kilometres .. . Kilometres ~ ~

*0"- $"

114" 115" /p';o -L ---::.::.J RufousFieldwren Redthroat Birddistribution,statusandchanges 431 --r l ,:," ,no" ~ :%, ~ ~ i c;. c;. Lake Mc ('<> cu f f MR I MR ~ •KE KE G • llScoYlle i ~ n River River ComlllVOD • ~ CamarvOD -l Goscoyne Gaseoyne OomoI Don:eI Junction GJ • Junction GJ

Did< Did< HartogI HartogI • WO WO

i • i N N NE Kilometres

Z!,L __~~ ~ ~ i ~ IW '------'----"----- Weebill DuskyGerygone

~c;. I

e~~ l MR 1F4

Goscoyne Junction OJ OJ •

J?;>.,. Did< Did< HartogI HartogI •-". ~ WO• •WO •• • i •• i N • N , .1.,(IW NE ~ • •• • r~ Kilometres ... :4L_• i-----Ka1 Y-" JP.. •

1W l ""I J I Broad-tailedThombill Slaty-backedThombill 432 R.E.Johnstone,A.B.Burbidge,P.Stone

Rive!' River

Oascoyne - .lun<:tion GJ Dirlt MD Dirlt Ilartogl Hartogl •••••• "'&••1 • ~ wo •• • • i • •• i N •• • N .••....,.lIE • NE

zu ~• • I> ~~ • • • • I 114" L '----'- ...L- ---' Chestnut-rumpedThombill SamphireThombill

MR ~• •

Oasa>yne Gascoyne .lun<:tion GJ Junction GJ •

Dirlt Dirlt Hartogl Hanogl • • wo • i i ..; N N r1 NE . • NE ". • Kilometres .'" • L----'---"_-----L-J 114" lIS" • Yellow-rumpedThombill SouthernWhiteface Birddistribution,statusandchanges 433

--;--~~ ------r-----

Ill' 11" ~ IIJ' bc;.

, Lake ./ MeLeo cv '" f f MR ~ MR KE i'f

Dirk Dirk HartogI Hmogl

wo wo • i i N N NE NE Kilometres Kilometres • •

BandedWhiteface BrownHoneyeater

n ~ ---

>: if}• "MR• KE

Bernierll Cmnarvon River

Gascoyne Dorrel Gascoyne Junction GJ Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk HartogI Hmogl •• • i i N N • NE Kilometres Kilometres

~ ... ¥l' I #,0

, ~~

~ IIV L______---L...L-__-----l. _ l__--.L-.-O- BlackHoneyeater PiedHoneyeater 434 RE.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone

r ~

11)" 114" t ~ ~ tU" Cl--

Lake Mc CV \\- ; -MR MR ~ •• KE GascoYne i River Bemicrl/ CarnazvOD ~ Gascoyne DoneI Junction OJ

Dirk Bartogl

wo

i N NE • Kilometres •

115" ______-'---'l ---""._ I SingingHoneyeater Grey-frontedHoneyeater

11)' r114" ~ . ~ --

CV MR ..,"toi River

Gascoyne Gascoyne Junction GJ Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk Hartogl Bartog! • • wo WO

i i N • N NE • NE • Kilometres 1- • • • ZU I. ------~

,;,po'> " I -#" • liS' I I •••• ----->. ---1-__-.1 L. ---!L-_-'----__--.--L. ~ White-plumed Honeyeater Brown-headedHoneyeater Birddistribution,statusandchanges 435

• • MR

River Bemi

Gascoyne Gasroyne DorreI Dorrel Junction GJ Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk HartogI Hartogl .....•••• WO WO • •I •• • i • • '"I N N , NE • ". Kilom

White-frontedHoneyeater Tawny-crownedHoneyeater

--'MR•

River

Goscoyne Junction ••

Dirk Dirk I HartogI Hartog • • • wo • i i • • N • N •,NE ~arn • 'I- • I Kilometres .- KJlometres •• ZlL...1'.. _ . ~ I •¥.i' ~~ _ J. ~ ,.. •"'5'• L- --l- • Yellow-throatedMiner Spiny-cheekedHoneyeater .------._-_..

436 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone I 11)° -l

"I MR MR

River River

Gascoyne Junction GJ

Ditk Ditk Hanogl Hanogl

wo•

l' l' N .. N . NE . NE ~ ,• ~ Kilometres • • Kilometres ZU ~

Ilf I RedWattlebird White-frontadChat

MR

GJ

Ditk Ditk Hanogl HartogI .. III ...... 1• • ~ . .~..,. l' l' •• • N N • NE NE • Kilometres

lIS" I ____..I OrangeChat CrimsonChat Birddistribution,statusandchanges 437

~ ~

;.: fl ;- ~ MR ~ • ~ KE •·i• i• WscOYne log .og River • River Gllscoyne Gascoyne GJ Junction •GJ Junction • • • 1Ii•.,. Dirk MD Dirk HartogI HartogI • ·-.t:.:. -..• ~... \ft). .,~ \•.. I • •• • N • N •.NE• ."r:•• Kilometres .. Kilometres

114"

Red-eappedRobin HoodedRobin

; ; MR ~ MR ~ i River

Gascoyne Gascoyne Junction GJ Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk HartogI HartogI

wo wo • I I i N ! N NE • • ~ Kilometres • ! Kilometres • I -j

WesternYellowRobin SouthernScrub-robin 438 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone

i I 1lJ' • ~ a 1'0\\0\\'1' ~ 'w ~ Lake • •• Mc .• ~\\. ;.; CU r" .~ J 'KE .KE .2111. ~ ~ .~ River Bemierl/ Cam>rvOD River •

Gascoyne DorreI Junction GJ • •

Dirk Dirk HartogI HartogI • wo • l' l' •• N N • NE . v- Kilometres • 11 •

L. --'-_"----- '--__----' • Grey-erownedBabbler White-browedBabbler

••11

Dirk Dirk HartogI HartogI •• ... •WO l' l' • ·11• .N .N • v- iWE -v- •..•• Kilomettes • Kilometres

' lW [. '---"- --'1'-- ._--'

WesternWedgebill ChestnutQuail-thrush Birddistribution,statusandchanges 439

r ~WoMa r~.,. ~

:1.4" Lake . ~ Mc CU \i>. ; • MR MR ~ • • • KE i Bernier11 Camarvon River. River

Dorre1 Gas""yne Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk Hartogl Hartogl .. wo wo • i i N N NE • NE Kilometres Kilometn:s

11.... lIS" • I Chestnut-breastedQuail-thrush VariedSitteJla

i MR ~ KE

Rivet'

Gase<>yne GJ GJ •• JunetiOD .. ~ ra e J/jv.,. Dirk MD Dirk Hartog1 • HartogI ••p. • "1 11;.,· MD .t· wo I • • • i t.... • i N ··'''IE. N Kilometn:s ;; ~ Kilometres • Z!L.__-v:.,

0'> ~ t.: ;1 ..}.§# • ~ liS· ______l_--"--- -'I ~ '--- L--" ~ CrestedBellbird GoldenWhistler 440 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone

I'" r ~ "p,r--r--l~ a~ Ilr ~ ~

_:.r l.8ke • 14" Mc

CV.., f· I •~ in MR

G4lCOYlle ••"•

BemiOfI/ Camarvon River BemiOfI/ Carnarvon River

Gascoyne Don

Dirk Dirk Hanogl Hanogl ~ t I·· ·""·'1 wo -:'I- ...... - • i "ill...... i N • N ~ •• o NE ••• 'i_ • n- . ·rI· Kilometres ~ ~..

L__ lIS· l__~ __-----L. I RufousWhistler White-breastedWhistler

.J?" ~i a -e. .~ • -aMc f· CV ~ f MR ~ KE v:~ i River• G=yne Junction GJ- Dirk Dirk Hanogl Hanogl

•• wo • i -. • i N N NE Kilometres

1114" lIS" J L------L --'--"-_ - GreyShrike-thrush MangroveGreyFantail Birddistribution,statusandchanges 441

• F MR §. IKE. ~ . og Bemi

Dirk Dirk HartogI ... HartogI WO • i '"i •• N N ••NE • Kilometres .-• Kilometres • M •• •

• GreyFantail WillieWagtail

I

I I J • l .

•

Dirk Dirk HartogI HartogI ••

i • • i • N N • • NE ~ . I Kilometres Kilometres ~ .. ' ~ ~ ~

US" :lR7_·__1 '-- --L-,- ' _ Magpie-lark Black-facedCuckoo-shrike 442 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone ... i~ ~n I

,.. Lake ~ Mc [. cv \\. g>< • MR ~ .KE i BemierI/ BO Camarvon River lu· DorrcI GJ •

Dirk Dirk HartogI Hartogl • •• .....p wo .....wo• •• i i .... • N N • NE ..NE• •

115° 114"

GroundCuckoo-shrike White-wingedTriller

r ~ • KE ~ I.. og

Dirk HartogI .....t.. • t~ r 3-. • i -,... N N •• •• •NE • •·NE• Kilometres Kilometres • t---• Kal •

MaskedWoodswallow Black-facedWoodswallow Birddistribution,statusandchanges 443

r ~ ~I)' Ill' ~ini

Lake McL \\> CU

Bcmi«11 Camarvon

DoneI GJ •

Dirl< Dirl< Hartogl HartogI ..... wo ..wo, • • • i i • N N NE • Kilometres Kilometres • .. 114'" lIS" ~ __ .._.. -L--J.. -L- ....J LittleWoodswallow GreyButcherbird

P<: r !J ~ ,. ·ilfR ~ • • KE -,.{ • .{••

River Riv«

Gascoyne Gascoync Junction Junction

Dirl< Dirl< HartogI HartogI • • •WO wo •• • i I i N N .NE• NE Kilometres • Kilometres • •• I •• •• lIS"

PiedButcherbird AustralianMagpie 444 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone

,- r ~ n ----""1---~ ~~~~

MR .MR

River

Gascoyne 1unction GJ

Dirk Dirk HartogI Hartogl • wo WO • • i i N N NE NE Kilometres Kilometres •

1W L---.l-.-L-----l1l-----lSo '- --.l_-L --.lII_SO ~

GreyCurrawong TorresianCrow

~ ~ ~ I f ....MR $- MR $- • • •KE KE IIIi i

CamarvOll River

-"/

Dirk Dirk HartogI HartogI

WO

i i N • N •·NE Kilometres Kilometres ••

•

LittleCrow AustralianRaven Birddistribution,statusandchanges 445 -lI ; '1 §I MR ~ .iKE

Gasco. i • GascoYn i • ~ u ':l Bemierl/ ~ ...I':l ~ ~ Camarvon ~ Gascoyne DorreI Gascoyne Junction GJ Junction GJ •

I Dirk Dirk ru~art HartogI • wo • l' l' -, • N N • NE NE Kilometres Kilometres • I

114· ___~ _ _'__ L _ SpottedBowerbird White-backedSwallow

~

•

Bemierll CamarvOD

DorreI

Dirk HartogI •• • •wo ••• l' • l' N N • • NE ..NE • Kilometres Kilometres • 1------~ ·-rr-- • 1 .....

L ~ ~__JL. I'--".---'--

WelcomeSwallow TreeMartin 446 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone

~ u,- ... ~ ~

Lake Mc i' ... >< ~ ~ CV MR lKE

• iog • ~e i River River

Gascoyoe Gascoync Junction GJ Junction GJ

Dirk Dirk HartogI HartogI

•wo wo i ,. i N N -NE NE Kilometres • Kilometres

___1.--115" 115° ---- FairyMartin YellowWhite-eye

~~ -l

i' n>< MR ~ fiIR ~ KE KE i og i River CamarvOl1

Goscoyne -1 DoneI Junction GJ

11;•.,. Dirk Dirk Hartogl HartogI

• i i N N • NE ["KilometI

------'---.1..----'--.

[ lIS" L_ lIS" I

Grey-breastedWhite-eye RufousSonglark Birddistribution,statusandchanges 447 -,.------,

• 1U" -TIll' ----a---v..t' • ---a". ~ ~ n~

~ "-.J ,.. We M<: \\> • >: 'I\> cv n cv ; MR ~ MR ~ KE KE ~ . ~ River Bemierl/ Camarvon River

Gascoyne Gascoyne ~ DorreI Junction GJ "'00 W I

Dirk ~ er~ Dirk Hartogl HartogI

wo wo •• i i N • N :NE NE Kilometres Kilometres

BrownSonglark SingingBushlark

River ~ ~ Gascoyne ~ Junctioo GJ \,

Dirk Dirk HartogI HartogI .. .. • 1;•• wo to..• • • i \.. N • • ItlE• • NE • • Kilometres • zu t ~~ ~ ~ i #0'> ..

L _--l-.l.---=--•.....!.-w ~ Mistletoebird ZebraFinch 448 R.E.Johnstone,A.H.Burbidge,P.Stone

MR l ."i Bernierll Camarvon River

Gascoyne DorreI Junction GJ

Dirk Hanogl,

wo

i N NE Kilometres

PaintedFinch

~ ~~~~