Taxonomic Implications of Morphometric Analysis of Earless Seal Limb Bones
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Biology; of the Seal
7 PREFACE The first International Symposium on the Biology papers were read by title and are included either in of the Seal was held at the University of Guelph, On full or abstract form in this volume. The 139 particip tario, Canada from 13 to 17 August 1972. The sym ants represented 16 countries, permitting scientific posium developed from discussions originating in Dub interchange of a truly international nature. lin in 1969 at the meeting of the Marine Mammals In his opening address, V. B. Scheffer suggested that Committee of the International Council for the Ex a dream was becoming a reality with a meeting of ploration of the Sea (ICES). The culmination of such a large group of pinniped biologists. This he felt three years’ organization resulted in the first interna was very relevant at a time when the relationship of tional meeting, and this volume. The president of ICES marine mammals and man was being closely examined Professor W. Cieglewicz, offered admirable support as on biological, political and ethical grounds. well as honouring the participants by attending the The scientific session commenced with a seven paper symposium. section on evolution chaired by E. D. Mitchell which The programme committee was composed of experts showed the origins and subsequent development of representing the major international sponsors. W. N. this amphibious group of higher vertebrates. Many of Bonner, Head, Seals Research Division, Institute for the arguments for particular evolutionary trends are Marine Environmental Research (IMER), represented speculative in nature and different interpretations can ICES; A. W. Mansfield, Director, Arctic Biological be attached to the same fossil material. -
56. Otariidae and Phocidae
FAUNA of AUSTRALIA 56. OTARIIDAE AND PHOCIDAE JUDITH E. KING 1 Australian Sea-lion–Neophoca cinerea [G. Ross] Southern Elephant Seal–Mirounga leonina [G. Ross] Ross Seal, with pup–Ommatophoca rossii [J. Libke] Australian Sea-lion–Neophoca cinerea [G. Ross] Weddell Seal–Leptonychotes weddellii [P. Shaughnessy] New Zealand Fur-seal–Arctocephalus forsteri [G. Ross] Crab-eater Seal–Lobodon carcinophagus [P. Shaughnessy] 56. OTARIIDAE AND PHOCIDAE DEFINITION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION Pinnipeds are aquatic carnivores. They differ from other mammals in their streamlined shape, reduction of pinnae and adaptation of both fore and hind feet to form flippers. In the skull, the orbits are enlarged, the lacrimal bones are absent or indistinct and there are never more than three upper and two lower incisors. The cheek teeth are nearly homodont and some conditions of the ear that are very distinctive (Repenning 1972). Both superfamilies of pinnipeds, Phocoidea and Otarioidea, are represented in Australian waters by a number of species (Table 56.1). The various superfamilies and families may be distinguished by important and/or easily observed characters (Table 56.2). King (1983b) provided more detailed lists and references. These and other differences between the above two groups are not regarded as being of great significance, especially as an undoubted fur seal (Australian Fur-seal Arctocephalus pusillus) is as big as some of the sea lions and has some characters of the skull, teeth and behaviour which are rather more like sea lions (Repenning, Peterson & Hubbs 1971; Warneke & Shaughnessy 1985). The Phocoidea includes the single Family Phocidae – the ‘true seals’, distinguished from the Otariidae by the absence of a pinna and by the position of the hind flippers (Fig. -
Mammal Species Native to the USA and Canada for Which the MIL Has an Image (296) 31 July 2021
Mammal species native to the USA and Canada for which the MIL has an image (296) 31 July 2021 ARTIODACTYLA (includes CETACEA) (38) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei - Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 7. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Bos bison - American Bison 2. Oreamnos americanus - Mountain Goat 3. Ovibos moschatus - Muskox 4. Ovis canadensis - Bighorn Sheep 5. Ovis dalli - Thinhorn Sheep CERVIDAE - deer 1. Alces alces - Moose 2. Cervus canadensis - Wapiti (Elk) 3. Odocoileus hemionus - Mule Deer 4. Odocoileus virginianus - White-tailed Deer 5. Rangifer tarandus -Caribou DELPHINIDAE - ocean dolphins 1. Delphinus delphis - Common Dolphin 2. Globicephala macrorhynchus - Short-finned Pilot Whale 3. Grampus griseus - Risso's Dolphin 4. Lagenorhynchus albirostris - White-beaked Dolphin 5. Lissodelphis borealis - Northern Right-whale Dolphin 6. Orcinus orca - Killer Whale 7. Peponocephala electra - Melon-headed Whale 8. Pseudorca crassidens - False Killer Whale 9. Sagmatias obliquidens - Pacific White-sided Dolphin 10. Stenella coeruleoalba - Striped Dolphin 11. Stenella frontalis – Atlantic Spotted Dolphin 12. Steno bredanensis - Rough-toothed Dolphin 13. Tursiops truncatus - Common Bottlenose Dolphin MONODONTIDAE - narwhals, belugas 1. Delphinapterus leucas - Beluga 2. Monodon monoceros - Narwhal PHOCOENIDAE - porpoises 1. Phocoena phocoena - Harbor Porpoise 2. Phocoenoides dalli - Dall’s Porpoise PHYSETERIDAE - sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus – Sperm Whale TAYASSUIDAE - peccaries Dicotyles tajacu - Collared Peccary CARNIVORA (48) CANIDAE - dogs 1. Canis latrans - Coyote 2. -
Underwater Hearing and Communication in the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal Neomonachus Schauinslandi
Vol. 44: 61–78, 2021 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published January 28 https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01092 Endang Species Res OPEN ACCESS Underwater hearing and communication in the endangered Hawaiian monk seal Neomonachus schauinslandi Jillian M. Sills1,*, Kirby Parnell2,3, Brandi Ruscher2, Chloe Lew1, Traci L. Kendall4, Colleen Reichmuth1 1Institute of Marine Sciences, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA 2Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 3Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ABSTRACT: Hawaiian monk seals are among the most endangered marine mammals and the most basal of the phocid seals. The auditory biology of monk seals is compelling from behavioral, evolutionary, and conservation perspectives, but we presently lack substantive bioacoustic infor- mation for this species, with no formal descriptions of underwater vocalizations and limited data concerning hearing. These seals have been isolated for more than 10 million yr and have auditory structures differing from those of related species. Additionally, unlike other aquatically mating phocids, monk seals breed asynchronously and are not known to produce social calls in water. To address existing knowledge gaps, we trained a mature male Hawaiian monk seal to perform a psychophysical task while submerged. Detection thresholds were measured for narrowband sounds across the frequency range of hearing. We also conducted a year-round characterization of the seal’s spontaneous underwater vocalizations. This individual demonstrated best hearing between 0.2 and 33 kHz, with a lower high-frequency roll-off than that of related species. -
Phoca Wymani and Other Tertiary Seals (Mammalia: Phocidae) Described from the Eastern Seaboard of North America
Phoca wymani and Other Tertiary Seals (Mammalia: Phocidae) Described from the Eastern Seaboard of North America CLAYTON E. RAY SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOB f r w mm^^mm *& SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com mencing with Smithsonian ContrAutions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These pub lications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, and other interested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. -
Full Text in Pdf Format
Vol. 16: 149–163, 2012 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published online February 29 doi: 10.3354/esr00392 Endang Species Res Age estimation, growth and age-related mortality of Mediterranean monk seals Monachus monachus Sinéad Murphy1,*, Trevor R. Spradlin1,2, Beth Mackey1, Jill McVee3, Evgenia Androukaki4, Eleni Tounta4, Alexandros A. Karamanlidis4, Panagiotis Dendrinos4, Emily Joseph4, Christina Lockyer5, Jason Matthiopoulos1 1Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK 2NOAA Fisheries Service/Office of Protected Resources, Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA 3Histology Department, Bute Medical School, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK 4MOm/Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of the Monk Seal, 18 Solomou Street, 106 82 Athens, Greece 5Age Dynamics, Huldbergs Allé 42, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark ABSTRACT: Mediterranean monk seals Monachus monachus are classified as Critically Endan- gered on the IUCN Red List, with <600 individuals split into 3 isolated sub-populations, the largest in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Canine teeth collected during the last 2 decades from 45 dead monk seals inhabiting Greek waters were processed for age estimation. Ages were best estimated by counting growth layer groups (GLGs) in the cementum adjacent to the root tip using un - processed longitudinal or transverse sections (360 µm thickness) observed under polarized light. Decalcified and stained thin sections (8 to 23 µm) of both cementum and dentine were inferior to unprocessed sections. From analysing patterns of deposition in the cementum of known age- maturity class individuals, one GLG was found to be deposited annually in M. -
1 Billing Code: 3510-22-P DEPARTMENT OF
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 05/17/2019 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2019-10330, and on govinfo.gov Billing Code: 3510-22-P DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XG359 Marine Mammals; File No. 21482 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice; receipt of application. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that Dan T. Engelhaupt, Ph.D., HDR, Inc., 4173 Ewell Road, Virginia Beach, VA, 23455, has applied in due form for a permit to conduct scientific research on 83 species of marine mammals. DATES: Written, telefaxed, or e-mail comments must be received on or before [insert date 30 days after date of publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER]. ADDRESSES: The application and related documents are available for review by selecting “Records Open for Public Comment” from the “Features” box on the Applications and Permits for Protected Species (APPS) home page, https://apps.nmfs.noaa.gov, and then selecting File No. 21482 from the list of available applications. These documents are also available upon written request or by appointment in the Permits and Conservation Division, Office of Protected Resources, NMFS, 1315 East- West Highway, Room 13705, Silver Spring, MD 20910; phone (301) 427-8401; fax (301) 713-0376. 1 Written comments on this application should be submitted to the Chief, Permits and Conservation Division, at the address listed above. Comments may also be submitted by facsimile to (301) 713-0376, or by email to [email protected]. -
The Antarctic Ross Seal, and Convergences with Other Mammals
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Servicio de Difusión de la Creación Intelectual Evolutionary biology Sensory anatomy of the most aquatic of rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org carnivorans: the Antarctic Ross seal, and convergences with other mammals Research Cleopatra Mara Loza1, Ashley E. Latimer2,†, Marcelo R. Sa´nchez-Villagra2 and Alfredo A. Carlini1 Cite this article: Loza CM, Latimer AE, 1 Sa´nchez-Villagra MR, Carlini AA. 2017 Sensory Divisio´n Paleontologı´a de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. CONICET, La Plata, Argentina anatomy of the most aquatic of carnivorans: 2Pala¨ontologisches Institut und Museum der Universita¨tZu¨rich, Karl-Schmid Strasse 4, 8006 Zu¨rich, Switzerland the Antarctic Ross seal, and convergences with MRS-V, 0000-0001-7587-3648 other mammals. Biol. Lett. 13: 20170489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0489 Transitions to and from aquatic life involve transformations in sensory sys- tems. The Ross seal, Ommatophoca rossii, offers the chance to investigate the cranio-sensory anatomy in the most aquatic of all seals. The use of non-invasive computed tomography on specimens of this rare animal Received: 1 August 2017 reveals, relative to other species of phocids, a reduction in the diameters Accepted: 12 September 2017 of the semicircular canals and the parafloccular volume. These features are independent of size effects. These transformations parallel those recorded in cetaceans, but these do not extend to other morphological features such as the reduction in eye muscles and the length of the neck, emphasizing the independence of some traits in convergent evolution to aquatic life. -
Biology; of the Seal
7 PREFACE The first International Symposium on the Biology papers were read by title and are included either in of the Seal was held at the University of Guelph, On full or abstract form in this volume. The 139 particip tario, Canada from 13 to 17 August 1972. The sym ants represented 16 countries, permitting scientific posium developed from discussions originating in Dub interchange of a truly international nature. lin in 1969 at the meeting of the Marine Mammals In his opening address, V. B. Scheffer suggested that Committee of the International Council for the Ex a dream was becoming a reality with a meeting of ploration of the Sea (ICES). The culmination of such a large group of pinniped biologists. This he felt three years’ organization resulted in the first interna was very relevant at a time when the relationship of tional meeting, and this volume. The president of ICES marine mammals and man was being closely examined Professor W. Cieglewicz, offered admirable support as on biological, political and ethical grounds. well as honouring the participants by attending the The scientific session commenced with a seven paper symposium. section on evolution chaired by E. D. Mitchell which The programme committee was composed of experts showed the origins and subsequent development of representing the major international sponsors. W. N. this amphibious group of higher vertebrates. Many of Bonner, Head, Seals Research Division, Institute for the arguments for particular evolutionary trends are Marine Environmental Research (IMER), represented speculative in nature and different interpretations can ICES; A. W. Mansfield, Director, Arctic Biological be attached to the same fossil material. -
N044p061.Pdf
Vol. 44: 61–78, 2021 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published January 28 https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01092 Endang Species Res OPEN ACCESS Underwater hearing and communication in the endangered Hawaiian monk seal Neomonachus schauinslandi Jillian M. Sills1,*, Kirby Parnell2,3, Brandi Ruscher2, Chloe Lew1, Traci L. Kendall4, Colleen Reichmuth1 1Institute of Marine Sciences, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA 2Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 3Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA ABSTRACT: Hawaiian monk seals are among the most endangered marine mammals and the most basal of the phocid seals. The auditory biology of monk seals is compelling from behavioral, evolutionary, and conservation perspectives, but we presently lack substantive bioacoustic infor- mation for this species, with no formal descriptions of underwater vocalizations and limited data concerning hearing. These seals have been isolated for more than 10 million yr and have auditory structures differing from those of related species. Additionally, unlike other aquatically mating phocids, monk seals breed asynchronously and are not known to produce social calls in water. To address existing knowledge gaps, we trained a mature male Hawaiian monk seal to perform a psychophysical task while submerged. Detection thresholds were measured for narrowband sounds across the frequency range of hearing. We also conducted a year-round characterization of the seal’s spontaneous underwater vocalizations. This individual demonstrated best hearing between 0.2 and 33 kHz, with a lower high-frequency roll-off than that of related species. -
Fur Seals Do, but Sea Lions Don't – Cross Taxa Insights Into Exhalation
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. article template Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. doi:10.1098/not yet assigned Fur seals do, but sea lions don’t – cross taxa insights into exhalation during ascent from dives Sascha K. Hooker1*, Russel D. Andrews2, John P. Y. Arnould3, Marthán N. Bester4, Randall W. Davis5, Stephen J. Insley6,7, Nick J. Gales8, Simon D. Goldsworthy9,10, J. Chris McKnight1. 1Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK 2Marine Ecology and Telemetry Research, Seabeck, WA 98380, USA 3School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125Australia 4Mammal Research Inst., University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0028 Gauteng, South Africa 5Dept. Marine Biology, Texax A&M University, Galveston, TX 77553, USA 6Dept. Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8P 5C2 7Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Whitehorse, YT, Canada, Y1A 0E9 8Australian Antarctic Division, Tasmania 7050, Australia 9South Australian Research and Development Institute, West Beach, SA 5024, Australia 10School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia SKH, 0000-0002-7518-3548; RDA, 0000-0002-4545-137X; JPYA, 0000-0003-1124-9330; MNB, 0000-0002-2265-764X; SJI, 0000-0003-3402-8418; SDG, 0000-0003-4988-9085; JCM, 0000-0002-3872-4886 Keywords: Otariid, Shallow-water blackout, Diving physiology, Gas management Summary Management of gases during diving is not well understood across marine mammal species. Prior to diving, phocid (true) seals generally exhale, a behaviour thought to assist with prevention of decompression sickness. Otariid seals (fur seals and sea lions) have a greater reliance on their lung oxygen stores, and inhale prior to diving. -
Batavipusa (Carnivora, Phocidae, Phocinae): a New Genus from the Eastern Shore of the North Atlantic Ocean (Miocene Seals of the Netherlands, Part II)
Irina A. Koretsky1& Noud Peters2 1 Howard University 2 Oertijdmuseum de Groene Poort Batavipusa (Carnivora, Phocidae, Phocinae): a new genus from the eastern shore of the North Atlantic Ocean (Miocene seals of the Netherlands, part II) Koretsky, I.A. & Peters, A.M.M., 2008 - Batavipusa (Carnivora, Phocidae, Phocinae): a new genus from the eastern shore of the North Atlantic Ocean (Miocene seals of the Netherlands, part II) - DEINSEA 12: 53-62 [ISSN 0923-9308] Published online 20 December 2008 New material of Phocinae from the Netherlands is studied in relation to fossil seals recovered from the Antwerp Basin of Belgium. This sheds new light on the past distribution of true seals along the eastern shores of the Atlantic Ocean. Batavipusa neerlandica, new genus and species is described here. The species originated on the coast of Western Europe (Late Miocene, early-middle Tortonian stage, between 8 and 11.5 Ma). During this period sea surface temperatures were moderate. Correspondence: Irina A. Koretsky, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St. NW, Washington D.C. 20059, USA; e-mail: [email protected]; Noud Peters, Markt 11, 5492 AA Sint-Oedenrode, the Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] Key words: seals, Miocene, Pliocene, Paratethys, North Atlantic, new genus and species. INTRODUCTION ments also have been found, comparable in This study is the second in a series of papers age to the deepest layers in Liessel , i.e. about under the general title ‘Miocene Seals of the 8-11.5 Ma. (Figs. 1 and 2). Several seal spe- Netherlands’.