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2020 ISEK Virtual Congress Poster Abstract Booklet 1 2020 ISEK Virtual Congress Poster Abstract Booklet 1 2020 ISEK Virtual Congress Poster Abstract Booklet 2 2020 ISEK Virtual Congress Poster Abstract Booklet Keywords: A - Aging B - AI & IoT C - Biomechanics D - Clinical Neurophysiology E - Electrical Myostimulation F – Fatigue G - Modelling and Signal Processing H - Motor Control I - Motor Units J - Muscle Synergy K – Neuromechanics L - Neuromuscular Imaging M - Pain N – Rehabilitation O - Sensing & Sensors P - Sports Sciences and Motor Performance Q - Motor Disorders 3 2020 ISEK Virtual Congress Poster Abstract Booklet P-A-1: Evaluation of upper and lower body muscle quality in older men and women Ashley Herda(1), Omid Nabavizadeh(2) (1)2015, (2)University of Kansas BACKGROUND AND AIM: Aging presents a multitude of physical and physiological changes that may directly impact activities of daily living and quality of life. Maintenance of muscle strength and mass as aging occurs will greatly improve these functions and promote independent living and longevity. It is well known that men and women are not comparable in strength or absolute muscle mass after adolescence. In adulthood, when strength is expressed relative to mass, the disparity tends to be smaller, therefore, the primary aim of this study was to identify sex-related differences in muscle quality, defined as the upper and lower body strength relative to muscle mass of the upper and lower body, respectively, in older men and women. METHODS: Seventeen men [mean ą SD: age (years): 69.1 ą 6.6; height (cm): 177.4 ą 7.5; weight (kg): 84.0 ą 14.5] and 17 age-matched women [age (years): 68.9 ą 6.4; height (cm): 159.4 ą 7.9; weight (kg): 71.0 ą 12.8] completed maximal bench press and leg press to assess strength and underwent a full-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to quantify arm lean mass and leg lean mass. Strength was normalized to the amount of muscle mass for the upper and lower limbs, considered muscle quality. Independent samples t-tests were completed with an alpha of 0.05 determined as the acceptable type I error rate. RESULTS: As expected, there were significant differences in arm and leg lean mass (mean difference: 2.7kg, p<0.01 and 7.3kg, p<0.01, respectively) and upper and lower body strength (mean difference: 22.7kg, p<0.01 and 76.9kg, p<0.01, respectively). However, when maximal strength was normalized to muscle mass, there were no sex-specific differences in upper or lower body muscle quality (kg strength/kg muscle mass; mean difference: 0.7kg, p≥0.05 and 1.1kg, p≥0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the quality rather than the quantity of contractile tissue may be the prominent factor contributing to strength. Men and women have comparable muscle fiber type distribution and the changes knowingly associated with age are not unique to men or women alone. The functional unit of muscle (motor unit) should be evaluated to sparse out sex-specific differences, if any, in muscle fiber recruitment to generate force. These data suggest there would be no difference despite the significant gap in strength between older men and women. P-A-10: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNEE FLEXOR AND EXTENSOR TORQUE AND FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS Eliane Guadagnin(1), Isabel Paz(2), Rodrigo Silva(2), Felipe Carpes(1), Marco Vaz(2) (1)Universidade Federal do Pampa, (2)Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul BACKGROUND AND AIM: Functional capacity deteriorates with the aging process. Identifying muscular aspects that relate to functional performance is useful in the design of exercise interventions for the elderly. In this study, we investigated the association between functional performance and knee extensors and flexors torque. METHODS: Thirteen older men (73±5 years old) signed an informed consent form to participate in the study (ethics committee approval: IRB 2.034.508). Functional performance was assessed by the 30-s sit-to-stand test (30STS), the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and the gait speed test. For the 30STS, participants were instructed to perform the maximal number of sit- to-stand repetitions in 30 s, with the arms crossed in front of the chest. TUG was assessed at preferred 4 2020 ISEK Virtual Congress Poster Abstract Booklet speed and the participants should rise from a chair, walk 3 m, turn around a cone, return to the chair and sit down again. The gait speed was determined with the participants walking at preferred speed along a 10 m long walkway. For each test, two trials were performed, with a 1-min rest interval between them, and the best values were utilized for analysis. Bilateral knee flexors and extensors torque was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 3 Pro, Biodex Medical System, USA). Maximal isometric torque was assessed at 30º and 90º of knee flexion and at 60º and 90º for knee extension (three contractions, lasting 5 s each; 0º: full extension). Maximal isokinetic-concentric torque was assessed at 60º.s-1 and 180º.s-1, while eccentric torque at 60º.s-1 and 120º.s-1 (two series of three repetitions each; range of motion: 90-20º). Before the torque assessment, participants completed a warm-up consisting of two series of ten submaximal concentric repetitions, each at 90º.s-1. A 2-min interval was observed between contraction sets. As there were not differences between the lower limbs, the mean values from both legs (normalized by body mass) were utilized for analysis. Data normality was assessed through the Shapiro-Wilk test, and Pearson's and Spearman's correlation tests were performed, considering a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: TUG performance and gait speed did not correlate with torque output. On the other hand, the number of repetitions performed in the 30STS was directly related to the torque. For knee extensors, direct correlations were observed for isometric torque at 90º (r=0.73; p<0.05) and concentric torque at 60º.s-1 (r=0.61; p=0.02) and 180º.s-1 (r=0.68; p=0.01). In addition, 30STS was correlated with knee flexors concentric torque at 60º.s-1 (r=0.74; p<0.01). Eccentric torque did not correlate with the functional performance. CONCLUSIONS: Functional tests involving locomotion (TUG and gait speed) performed at preferred speed did not correlate with knee flexors and knee extensors isometric and isokinetic torque. On the other hand, 30STS repetitions correlated with knee extensors isometric and concentric torque, and knee flexors concentric torque. These types of contraction should be considered when assessing and structuring exercise programs for older individuals. P-A-11: Age-related change of mechanomyogram and electromyogram of digastric muscle during swallowing reflex Yasushi Itoh(1), Shu Fujiwara(2), Mikio Yasubayashi(3), Yoshimi Hasegawa(4), Kumi Akataki(5), Katsumi Mita(4) (1)Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, (2)Asahi University, (3)Chubu University, (4)Seijoh University, (5)Osaka Electro-Communication University BACKGRAOUND AND AIM: This study aimed to analyze the time-varying characteristics of the surface electromyogram (EMG) and mechanomyogram (MMG) of digastric muscle during swallowing reflex, and to examine the effect of aging on time courses of the EMG and MMG. METHODS: Food swallowing trials with the pudding of 5 ml were performed on eight older and eight younger volunteers (age 60.6 ą 6.7 and 22.1 ą 1.9 years; mean ą S.D., respectively) without the swallowing impairments. The time- frequency analysis using the short time Fourier transform were applied to the MMG and EMG recorded during swallowing trials. Then, the root mean square (RMS) amplitude and mean power frequency (MPF) of the MMG and EMG were calculated every 0.1 seconds. RESULTS: For younger subjects, the RMS amplitude of the EMG (EMGrms) reached its peak at the time corresponding to the onset time of the spike-like swallowing sound as was defined as the reference time (0 sec). The MPF of the EMG (EMGmpf) showed the maxmum on the range of -0.5 and 0.5 sec. The RMS amplitude and MPF of the 5 2020 ISEK Virtual Congress Poster Abstract Booklet MMG (MMGrms and MMGmpf, respectively) also demonstrated similar time courses to that of the EMG. On the other hand, the time courses of the EMG and MMG of older subjects shifted by range of - 0.5 and -0.1 sec from that of younger subjects. In addition, the ratio of the MMGrms of EMGrms at time when the EMGrms was at its peak had a significant difference between younger and older subjects (t- test, significance level = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the EMG and MMG of digastric muscle during swallowing reflex may be an index to evaluate the deterioration of swallowing function due to aging. P-A-12: Relationship between neuromotor function of the triceps surae and clinical measures of performance in young and old men Sean Horan(1), Benjamin Weeks(1), Blayne Arnold(1), Justin Kavanagh(1) (1)Griffith University BACKGROUND AND AIM: The preservation of neuromotor function is critical to older adults being able to perform activities of daily living and maintain independence as they age. Declining muscle mass as well as decrements in muscle performance however, are associated with adverse health outcomes. In response, health professionals invest significant effort and time attempting to identify 'at risk' older individuals. A limitation of this approach is that many 'clinical measures' are descriptive or categorical, typically classifying individuals as healthy or unhealthy based on normative data. Although clinically useful, such measures reveal little about the mechanisms that underlie differences in neuromotor function in young and old.
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