DOCSLIB.ORG

THE DIFFICULT ART of CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1957-1963 By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE DIFFICULT ART of CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1957-1963 By THE DIFFICULT ART OF CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1957-1963 by JOHN ANDREW MUNRO B.A. University of British Columbia, 1962 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of International studies We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard. THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April, 1965. In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that per• mission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that, copying or publi• cation of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission, Department of The University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8S Canada I ABSTRACT The question is, why did Canada's international stature experience a seemingly spectacular decline during the Diefenbaker era, 1957-1963. The problem lies not in a documentation of this decline, but rather in determining the reasons for it. There are basically four avenues of research. Firstly, Canada's actual position in terms of international prestige and influence at the end of the Liberal era in 1957, must be realistically appraised. Secondly, the changing pattern of domestic restrictions on external policy must be analysed. Thirdly, the relationship of the Prime Minister and the Secretary of State for External Affairs must be examined, and their capabilities as policy formulators deter• mined. Finally, the appropriateness of the major aspects of their external policy must be assessed. Research on such a contemporary problem is necessarily limited due to a paucity of official documents and further, due to the fact that the chief protagonists are still alive and politically active. Thus, the writer finds himself relying on official debates and publications, interviews (where possible), the variety of periodical sources and a limited number of books (apart from the specialized subjects involved^ many of the writings available are far from satisfactory because they lack perspective). This thesis would contend that Canadian international stature was far from secure in 1957; that the domestic XI requirements of external policy success were absent from the Conservative scene, 1957-1963; that Messrs. ^iefenbaker and Green were ill-equiped to formulate Canadian foreign policy; and that their foreign policy, formulated in defiance of Canadian reality, resulted in disaster. iv Table of Contents page I INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER 1 Resignation of Douglas Harkness 1 State of Conservative government, 1963 2 Role of United States 3 The problem 7 II CANADA AND THE WORLD STAGE OP 1957 9 Security of 1957 9 World War II 10 San Francisco Conference 12 Lester B. Pearson - Canadian limitations 13 World War II aftermath lli Relationship with the United States 15 NATO " 16 United Nations 18 The changing scence 19 Development of relations with United States 20 -military 21 -economic 26 Department of External Affairs 28 Lester B. Pearson - Canadian asset 30 Commonwealth reality 31 Emergent Nations 3k- Canadian reality 36 III FOREIGN POLICY AND DOMESTIC CONSIDERATIONS 38 Economic regionalism 38 American ownership I4.O Canadian reaction lj.1 Federal factor l\$ National unity I4.7 Bicultural s multicultural 50 General principles ^52" John Diefenbaker 53 Election 1957 53 Election 1958 55 Conservative Cabinet 56 Government caucus 56 Mandate 1957 57 Mandate 1958 58 Goals and means 65 THE POLICY MAKER Prime Minister and External Secretary Liberal experience John Diefenbaker Sydney Smith Howard Green Department of External Affairs Bureaucratic power Diefenbaker and bureaucratic resistance Diefenbaker' s relations with the diplomats External policy responsibility Howard Green, 191^5-195 7 John Diefenbaker, 191+5-57 THE POLICIES OP INDEPENDENCE Foreign policy and national interest Independence and the United States Commonwealth alternative Canadian reality NORAD Avro Arrow SAGE-Bomarc Cabinet split Two views of Canada in the world Third force Public confusion Canadian consequences Britain and E.E.C. Multi-racialism embraced Alienation of the Macmillan government Alienation of Washington Canada the unreliable ally Kennedy to Ottawa Berlin Crisis Cuban Crisis American intervension The Conservative vision 1 Chapter I INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER. My dear Prime Minister, For over two years you have been aware that I believed nuclear warheads should be supplied to the four weapons systems we have acquired which are adapted to their use. Throughout this period I believed that they would be authorized at the appropriate time. During the past two weeks particularly, I have made absolutely clear what I considered the minimum position I would accept, and several times have offered to resign unless it was agreed to. It has become quite obvious during the last few days that your views and mine as to the course we should pursue for the acquisition of nuclear weapons for our armed forces are not capable of reconciliation. Thus it is with a great deal of regret that I now find I must tender my resignation as minister of national defence. Until the last few weeks I enjoyed my five and a half years as a member of your govern• ment and I trust I have made some contribution to it and to Canada. Yours regretfully Douglas S. Harkness. This letter, a revised and abbreviated version of that sent to the Prime Minister, was released to the press on February J4., 1963. It marks the demise of the government of John Diefenbaker, as the events that followed it must be judged as anticlimactic. The resignation of Mr. Harkness as Minister of National Defence represented more however, than the toppling of a government that seemed no more than the victim of its own indecision and ineptitude. Mr. Harkness's 1. as cited in, Spencer, Robert, "External Affairs and Defence," Canadian Annual Review For 1963. ed. J.T.Saywell. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 196I+. p. 298. 2 resignation was a most eloquent testimony to the existence of a definable reality in Canadian external relations; Mr. Diefenbaker1s fate resulted from his bumbling defiance of that reality. The reality in question was that of Canada's relation• ship with the United States. This is not to say that the overt actions of the United States government were the cause of Diefenbaker's downfall/ Indeed, the circumstances of the Conservative minority govern• ment were far from normal in any context. As the new year of 1963 opened, "The acrid odour of death and decay hung over the Conservative government;a sharp contrast to the situat• ion of ascendancy that had existed for another Diefenbaker minority government but five years before. Never in the twent• ieth century had a Canadian government been in such disarray; only the late nineteenth century Conservative government of Mackenzie Bowell had experienced a remotely comparable ignominy. The dramatic account of the Cabinet revolt presented by Peter Newman3 need not be repeated here; the damning truth is contained in the resignation of Mr. Harkness, in the subsequent resign• ations of Pierre Sevigny and George Hees, Associate Minister of Defence and Minister Sf Trade and Commerce respectively, and in the decisions of Davie Pulton (Public Works), Donald Fleming (Justice) and Ernest Halpenny (Secretary of State) not to seek re-election, to say nothing of the reported offers of resignation by four or five additional Cabinet members. 2. Saywell, John T., "Parliament and Politics," in Ibid, p. 3» 3. Newman, Peter C, Renegade in Power. Toronto, McClelland and Stewart Limited7 19&3. PP* 355-1+00. 3 Such was the state of the Diefenbaker administration in the early months of 1963, that it may be reasonably contended that if the defence issue had not precipitated the collapse of the government, the failure of the government to bring out a budggt or the general stagmation of Parliament or some other issue would have done the job. As to the part played by the United States in that debacle, there are perhaps two aspects. The first concerned the humbling of the Conservatives in the June, 1962, election (the party of Mr. Diefenbaker was reduced from two hundred and eight seats to one hundred and sixteen in the House). The Explanation of the Christian Science Monitor is perhaps appropos, The clearest single issue - clearest because oversimplified - has been symbolized by the "Diefendollar," printed by the opposition and circulated to voters. This was a reminder that the administration cut the value of the . Canadian dollar from $1.03 United States currency to 92 l/2 cents. It seems almost forgotten now that when this took place the Canadian dollar's value did not rest sufficiently on Canada's foreign trade, but overmuch on American investment in Canadian industry - an investment that often threatened outside control.1| The net capital outflow of $1,000,000,000 experienced by Canada in the first quarter of 1962,^ which directly resulted in the devaluation of the Canadian dollar, pointed to three things. Firstly, the extent to which Canada was dependent on the importation of foreign capital from the United States. I4.. "Canada -Back to Coalition," The Christian Science Monitor, June 21, 1962. 5. "The Realm, Crisis of Confidence," Time Magazine (Canadian Edition). Vol. LXXIX:, June 29, 1962. p. 5. k Secondly, the failure of the Diefenbaker government to come to grips with the problems of foreign-: ownership of Canadian industry. Finally, the instability of Conservative leadership in the nation; as the potential and actual wealth of the Canadian nation had not decreased, the capital outflow rep• resented a vote of want of confidence in the Diefenbaker gov• ernment by foreign investors. The Liberals simply exploited an issue to which the urban voters might associate other • economic ills, such as unemployment, the cost of living, etcetera, for which the Conservatives were held responsible.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • September 2008 You Can Only Imagine How Happy We Are to Bring the Latest Edition of LPSS Editor@ Lpssmatters .Com Matters to You
    LPSS Matters Official Alumni Newsletter of Lorne Park Secondary School Volume 8, Issue 1 Dear Grads, September 2008 You can only imagine how happy we are to bring the latest edition of LPSS Editor@ LPSSMatters .com Matters to you. www. LPSSMatters .com Sorry that it has taken this long but we had a few changes at the ole newsletter and used this opportunity to ramp staff up and to collect all kinds of news and stories for you to read. In this issue: One of those ramping up was me. • Found - new Editor for LPSS Matters What a treat it has been to read your letters, comments and the contributions of our dedicated columnist staff. Thanks for making the effort to get them to us. I found myself rereading some of these several times both because they Reunion 2007 • were so interesting and because I fouled up while editing and learning how to Reflections pg2 use Publisher and so lost them in this process. Fortunately with this tool you never really lose anything it just disappears and so the game is more like hide and seek. My mother use to say I was slow but sure—slow to learn and sure to • Connections pg11 forget—she was apparently right I must reluctantly conclude! However I feel confident to now say we will not be so long bringing you the • LPSS Matters a next edition. In fact, make a note to be on the look out for our winter edition history pg12 sometime in early February. I know our team is chomping at the bit to make their respective contributions and so as the ink dries here preparations are already under way for our next edition.
    [Show full text]
  • John G. Diefenbaker: the Political Apprenticeship Of
    JOHN G. DIEFENBAKER: THE POLITICAL APPRENTICESHIP OF A SASKATCHEWAN POLITICIAN, 1925-1940 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon by Methodius R. Diakow March, 1995 @Copyright Methodius R. Diakow, 1995. All rights reserved. In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department for the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or pUblication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of History University of Saskatchewan 9 Campus Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 ii ABSTRACT John G. Diefenbaker is most often described by historians and biographers as a successful and popular politician.
    [Show full text]
  • The Four Courts of Sir Lyman Duff
    THE FOUR COURTS OF SIR LYMAN DUFF RICHARD GOSSE* Vancouver I. Introduction. Sir Lyman Poore Duff is the dominating figure in the Supreme Court of Canada's first hundred years. He sat on the court for more than one-third of those years, in the middle period, from 1906 to 1944, participating in nearly 2,000 judgments-and throughout that tenure he was commonly regarded as the court's most able judge. Appointed at forty-one, Duff has been the youngest person ever to have been elevated to the court. Twice his appointment was extended by special Acts of Parliament beyond the mandatory retirement age of seventy-five, a recogni- tion never accorded to any other Canadian judge. From 1933, he sat as Chief Justice, having twice previously-in 1918 and 1924 - almost succeeded to that post, although on those occasions he was not the senior judge. During World War 1, when Borden considered resigning over the conscription issue and recommending to the Governor General that an impartial national figure be called upon to form a government, the person foremost in his mind was Duff, although Sir Lyman had never been elected to public office. After Borden had found that he had the support to continue himself, Duff was invited to join the Cabinet but declined. Mackenzie King con- sidered recommending Duff for appointment as the first Canadian Governor General. Duff undertook several inquiries of national interest for the federal government, of particular significance being the 1931-32 Royal Commission on Transportation, of which he was chairman, and the 1942 investigation into the sending of Canadian troops to Hong Kong, in which he was the sole commissioner .
    [Show full text]
  • LETTERS Soest, Germany, Pays Unique Civic Here
    « Cairistmas is closing in fast. • These Santa Claus parades Start now and you can stili demonstrate a Board of Trade l>ny aimost anything but more can’t float alone. There must time to buy. The Glengarry New be public interest. ONE OF CANADA’S AWARD-WINNING WEEKLY NEWSPAPERS TOL. LXIX — No. 50 ALEXANDRIA, ONTARIO, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 15th, 1960 SINGLE COPY lOo Federation Of Agriculture Hears Loot Recovered In Santa’s Bag Not Address On Land Acquisition Montreal From Big Enough A talk by Don Middleton on Land privileges of an owner of property Area Burglary Santa Claus come in by plane, Acquisition and the policies of the (1) he pays the taxes; (2) he can Saturday, but it was not due to rederation of Agriculture for this use the property as he sees fit; (3) Three Montreal men are in jkil weight restrictions on his luggage subject, featured the annual meet- he can mortgage it; (4) he' can will, In Cornw'all and will appear' in court that the treats ran short. Some j ing of the County Federation which sell or deed it. here Tuesday to face charges in 1700 bags of goodies were dished out ■was held in the High School here Regarding the same property the connection -with the theft of some but Santa found himself short — «n Thursday night last. Mr., Mid- state can: (1) tax it; (2) police it; $800 worth of goods from the shop about 65 treats when it cam( linn dleton is head of the newly created (3) can take part of it; (4) can of Aime Fillon at Apple Hill.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative North Americas: What Canada and The
    ALTERNATIVE NORTH AMERICAS What Canada and the United States Can Learn from Each Other David T. Jones ALTERNATIVE NORTH AMERICAS Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, D.C. 20004 Copyright © 2014 by David T. Jones All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission. Please do not participate in or encourage piracy of copyrighted materials in violation of author’s rights. Published online. ISBN: 978-1-938027-36-9 DEDICATION Once more for Teresa The be and end of it all A Journey of Ten Thousand Years Begins with a Single Day (Forever Tandem) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 Borders—Open Borders and Closing Threats .......................................... 12 Chapter 2 Unsettled Boundaries—That Not Yet Settled Border ................................ 24 Chapter 3 Arctic Sovereignty—Arctic Antics ............................................................. 45 Chapter 4 Immigrants and Refugees .........................................................................54 Chapter 5 Crime and (Lack of) Punishment .............................................................. 78 Chapter 6 Human Rights and Wrongs .................................................................... 102 Chapter 7 Language and Discord ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Accountability for National Defence
    Ideas IRPP Analysis Debate Study Since 1972 No. 4, March 2010 www.irpp.org Accountability for National Defence Ministerial Responsibility, Military Command and Parliamentary Oversight Philippe Lagassé While the existing regime to provide accountability for national defence works reasonably well, modest reforms that reinforce the convention of ministerial responsibility can improve parliamentary oversight and civilian control of the military. Le processus actuel de reddition de comptes en matière de défense nationale remplit son rôle ; toutefois, des réformes mineures renforçant la responsabilité ministérielle permettraient de consolider la surveillance parlementaire et la direction civile des forces militaires. Contents Summary 1 Résumé 2 Parliament and National Defence 5 The Government and National Defence 28 Notes and References 58 About This Study 61 The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IRPP or its Board of Directors. IRPP Study is a refereed monographic series that is published irregularly throughout the year. Each study is subject to rigorous internal and external peer review for academic soundness and policy relevance. IRPP Study replaces IRPP Choices and IRPP Policy Matters. All IRPP publications are available for download at irpp.org. If you have questions about our publications, please contact [email protected]. If you would like to subscribe to our newsletter, Thinking Ahead, please go to our Web site, at irpp.org. ISSN 1920-9436 (Online) ISSN 1920-9428 (Print) ISBN 978-0-88645-219-3 (Online) ISBN 978-0-88645-221-6 (Print) Summary Canadians’ renewed focus on military matters reflects a desire to strengthen accountability for matters of national defence.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Official Historians and the Writing of the World Wars Tim Cook
    Canadian Official Historians and the Writing of the World Wars Tim Cook BA Hons (Trent), War Studies (RMC) This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Social Sciences UNSW@ADFA 2005 Acknowledgements Sir Winston Churchill described the act of writing a book as to surviving a long and debilitating illness. As with all illnesses, the afflicted are forced to rely heavily on many to see them through their suffering. Thanks must go to my joint supervisors, Dr. Jeffrey Grey and Dr. Steve Harris. Dr. Grey agreed to supervise the thesis having only met me briefly at a conference. With the unenviable task of working with a student more than 10,000 kilometres away, he was harassed by far too many lengthy emails emanating from Canada. He allowed me to carve out the thesis topic and research with little constraints, but eventually reined me in and helped tighten and cut down the thesis to an acceptable length. Closer to home, Dr. Harris has offered significant support over several years, leading back to my first book, to which he provided careful editorial and historical advice. He has supported a host of other historians over the last two decades, and is the finest public historian working in Canada. His expertise at balancing the trials of writing official history and managing ongoing crises at the Directorate of History and Heritage are a model for other historians in public institutions, and he took this dissertation on as one more burden. I am a far better historian for having known him.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive School Health Report
    Comprehensive 2004-2005 School Health 2005 A Peel Public Health Report 2006 Peel District School Board Introduction Comprehensive School Health in the Region of Peel Comprehensive School Health (CSH) is the model of school health service delivery that has been the foundation of the partnership between Peel Health and the Peel District School Board. CSH is a health promotion model that engages school staff, students and parents in the identification of issues affecting their school communities’ health and wellness. A Public Health Nurse assigned to families of schools can facilitate the identification of the issues and the development of a comprehensive plan to address them. CSH has four components: Instruction, Healthy Physical Environments, Support Services and Social Supports. This report highlights health services which address or support one or more of these components. The goal of the CSH approach is to develop a plan which incorporates many programs, policies and services in all of the four components. By addressing all facets of an issue using the components of CSH, effective and sustainable change can be seen in the health of a school community. Peel Health would like to thank our partners in the Peel District School Board who work with us to ensure the healthy development of Peel’s children and youth. Table of contents Section 1 School Board-Wide Services Partnering for Health and Academic Success • Peel District School Board and Peel Health Partnership Committee . .1 Keeping in Touch with Peel Schools • Peel Public Health is Just a Phone Call Away . .1 • School Health Profiler: An Award Winning Publication .
    [Show full text]
  • Individuals Responsible for Indian and Northern Affairs in Canada, 1755 to 2006
    Individuals Responsible for Indian and Northern Affairs in ... https://web.archive.org/web/20110613191522/http://www.a... AANDC > About INAC > Media Room > Issues Individuals Responsible for Indian and Northern Affairs in Canada, 1755 to 2006 February 2006 The following is a chronological list of individuals responsible for Indian and Northern Affairs in Canada. It begins with the pre-Confederation superintendents and ends with the current Minister, the Honourable Jim Prentice. Acting ministers and ministers of state are not included in the list. Before Confederation Superintendents, Indian Affairs The first Indian Department in Canada was created in 1755 as a branch of the British military in North America. The superintendents were responsible for maintaining good relations with the Indians and securing their allegiance to Britain—at first in the war against France, and then against American troops. Sir William Johnson - 1755-1774 Colonel Guy Johnson - 1774-1782 Sir John Johnson - 1782-1796 1796 - Responsibility for Indian Affairs (Upper Canada) delegated to the Lieutenant-Governor 1800 - Responsibility for Indian Affairs (Lower Canada) delegated to the Governor General 1816 - Responsibility for Indian Affairs (Upper and Lower Canada) transfered to the Commander of the Armed Forces 1828 - The offices of the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs and of Inspector General of the Department of Indian Affairs abolished. A new post of Chief Superintendent of Indian Affairs is established. Major-General H.C. Darling - 1828-1830 In 1830, the Indian Department was split into two offices. In Upper Canada, responsibility was transferred to the Lieutenant-Governor, who was assisted by a Chief Superintendent. In Lower Canada, control remained with the Military Secretary.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame
    Volume 31, No. 2 THE Spring 2013 Canada’s Aviation Hall of Fame Canada’s Aviation Hall of Fame Panthéon de l’Aviation du Canada Dodds Finland Curtis Fraser Christensen Greenaway Burke Hitchins Boffa Floyd Fullerton Davoud Dowling Bazalgette Clarke Grossmith Capreol Hobbs Baker, A.W. Boggs Garneau Forester Deluce Collishaw Beaudoin Hadfield Agar Dunlap Carr Hollick-Kenyon Baker, R.F. Bradford Garratt Fowler, R. Bell Halton Archibald Hopson Baker, R.J. Brintnell Gilbert Fowler, W. Berry Hamilton Armstrong Balchen Hornell Bristol Dyment Godfrey Cavadias Fox Beurling Hartman Audette Dickins Baldwin Cooke Hotson Brown Graham Edwards Caywood Foy Birchall Hayter Austin Dilworth Bannock Cooper-Slipper Howe Buller Grandy Fallow Franks Chamberlin Bishop Heaslip Bjornson Dobbin Barker Crichton Hutt Burbidge Gray Fauquier Fraser-Harris Blakey Chmela Hiscocks Bain 1 Canada’s Aviation Hall of Fame Panthéon de l’Aviation du Canada CONTACT INFORMATION: OFFICE HOURS: STAFF: Tuesday - Friday: 9 am - 4:30 pm Executive Director - Rosella Bjornson Canada’s Aviation Hall of Fame Closed Mondays Administrator - Dawn Lindgren * NEW - PO Box 6090 Wetaskiwin AB Acting Curator - Robert Porter * NEW - T9A 2E8 CAHF DISPLAYS (HANGAR) HOURS: Phone: 780.361.1351 Tuesday to Sunday: 10 am - 5 pm Fax: 780.361.1239 Closed Mondays BOARD OF DIRECTORS: Website: www.cahf.ca Winter Hours: 1 pm - 4 pm Email: [email protected] Please call to confirm opening times. Tom Appleton, ON, Chairman James Morrison, ON, Secretary, Treasurer Barry Marsden, BC, Vice-Chairman Denis Chagnon, QC
    [Show full text]
  • Johns-Manville Company Limited - 1954
    Johns-Manville Company Limited - 1954 n Monday, May 16, 1954, the sod turn- ing ceremony for the Canadian Johns- Manville Company Limited took place on the 11.5 acre (4.6 ha) site, east of the Canadian Admiral plant. OOfficiating were A. G. Sinclair, vice president and general sales manager of the company’s Canadian Products Division, G. F. Evans, manager of the con- struction unit and F. A. Gallop, district sales manager. The property, Lot 11, Con. 2, SDS, acquired on July 6, 1953, from Frank Whitehead, had been the Caven farm. The one storey warehouse, 160 feet by 250 320 feet (49 m x 98 m) of structural steel framework was finished with corrugated Transite and brick with continuous bands of sash surrounding the buildings. Sod Turning, 1954 (Port Credit Weekly) It was built by Foundation Company of Canada and the steel work was done by the John T. Hepburn and THE FIRST FLOOR OF THE OFFICE BUILDING WAS THE Company. It had a 52,000 square feet (4,831 m2) Ontario sales office with 60 salesmen and the contract department and the second floor, the offices of the Canadian Products Division. warehouse for storage space. A two storey office The company produced roofing materials, acoustic tiles, paper and building fronted the warehouse, 150 feet by 60 feet felt insulations, asbestos textiles, insulation boards, electrical insula- (45 m x 18 m) with 18,000 square feet (1672 m2) of tions, rubber products and installed Transite (asbestos-cement) pipe space. The complete cost came to over $500,000. for water mains.
    [Show full text]
  • The Growth of Public Engagement with Canadian Foreign Aid Policy, 1950–1980
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2019-08 A Samaritan State Revisited: Historical Perspectives on Canadian Foreign Aid University of Calgary Press Donaghy, G., & Webster, D. (2019). A Samaritan State Revisited: Historical Perspectives on Canadian Foreign Aid. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/110848 book https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca A SAMARITAN STATE REVISITED: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CANADIAN FOREIGN AID Edited by Greg Donaghy and David Webster ISBN 978-1-77385-041-2 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. COPYRIGHT NOTICE: This open-access work is published under a Creative Commons licence.
    [Show full text]