Muskegon Case Study
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THE CITY OF A CASE STUDY {MUSKEGON Michigan Coastal Community Working Waterfronts A CASE STUDY THE CITY OF MUSKEGON ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Michigan Coastal Community FELLOWSHIP MENTORS Working Waterfronts Mark Breederland, Michigan Sea Grant Extension Emily Finnell, Office of the Great Lakes NOAA FELLOWSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE This case study was compiled as part of a set of 11 working Jon Allan Richard Norton John Warbach waterfront case studies in coastal communities. For more Dave Knight Chuck Pistis Ronda Wuycheck information on the series, please see the Introduction, Carol Linteau Jennifer Read Lynelle Marolf Frank Ruswick Value and Context, Waterfront Land Use, Best Practices, and Recommendations and Next Steps sections. OFFICE OF THE GREAT LAKES AND SEA GRANT STAFF OTHER CASE STUDIES IN THIS SERIES: PREPARED BY Alpena Marquette Saugatuck Elizabeth Durfee Charlevoix Monroe Sault Ste. Marie 2011-2013 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Manistee Ontonagon Zone Management Fellowship with the Michigan Coastal Zone Manistique Port Huron Management Program and Michigan Sea Grant. Cover photos: Associated Press, Elizabeth Durfee, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. June 2013 | MICHU-13-728 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..............................................................4 FIGURES AND TABLES Summary .................................................................5 Figure 1. State of Michigan and Muskegon County and aerial image of the city of Muskegon Context ...................................................................7 with Lake Michigan, Muskegon Lake and the Community Profile ................................................... 8 Muskegon River....................................................... 6 Community Overview .............................................. 9 Table 1. Intent, permitted uses and special uses of zoning districts that accommodate Waterfront History .................................................. 10 water-dependent uses and/or public access ......... 12 Waterfront Summary ............................................. 11 Figure 2. City of Marquette 2011 zoning districts .......................................................13 Zoning....................................................................12 Figure 3. Map of zoning adjacent to waterfront Parcel Classification .............................................. 17 and frontage by zoning category ........................... 15 Infrastructure and Access ...................................... 18 Figure 4. Map of zoning and location of Working Waterfront SWOT Analysis ..................... 19 water-dependent uses within a 1000-foot buffer of water bodies and waterfront land area Tools, Strategies and Best Practices for by zoning category ................................................ 16 Maintaining Working Waterfronts........................... 20 Figure 5. Classification of parcels within Guiding Principles.................................................. 21 a 1000-foot buffer of water bodies by water dependency ................................................. 17 References and Resources ................................... 22 Figure 6. Parcel frontage and area within 1000-foot buffer by water dependency classification ..........................................................18 Figure 7. Water-dependent and enhanced uses, docks and waterfront parks along the waterfront and within 1000 feet of bodies of water ................. 19 Table 2. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to maintaining Muskegon’s working waterfront ................................................. 20 Michigan Sea Grant INTRODUCTION Many coastal communities have areas known fish stocks and regulations, aging and inadequate This case study: as working waterfronts — waterfront lands, infrastructure, decline in waterfront industry and n Characterizes one of many working waterfronts waterfront infrastructure and waterways that are economic recession — threaten the viability of found throughout Michigan’s diverse coastal used for water-dependent uses and activities. water-dependent businesses and access to the communities. These uses may include ports, small recreational public trust waters. Left unchecked, these threats n Identifies existing waterfront amenities, waterfront boat and fishing docks and other types of places can result in the slow loss of working waterfronts history, waterfront zoning and land area occupied or businesses where people use and access the and permanent conversion of waterfront property by water-related uses. water. Coastal communities’ working waterfronts to non-water-dependent uses. n offer economic and cultural value, contribute to a Highlights examples of waterfront challenges, community’s identity and are intrinsically tied to Active waterfront planning and the sharing and threats and opportunities as well as tools and a region’s natural resources. implementation of tools, resources and strategies strategies for maintaining the working waterfront. for maintaining and protecting working waterfronts A number of factors — such as population can ensure access for water-dependent uses and change, competing land uses and development activities, as well as preserve options for future pressure, fluctuations in water levels, changes in waterfront uses. MUSKEGON Michigan Coastal Community Working Waterfronts Case Study 4 SUMMARY Muskegon, Michigan was founded in Approximately 2.1 million tons of and 14 percent other uses. Parcels Best practices for maintaining 1870 at the mouth of the Muskegon material, including sand, gravel, that contain water-dependent uses access to the waterfront for the River into Lake Michigan. Muskegon limestone, cement, concrete and coal and provide public access account public and water-dependent uses is located in central, eastern Michigan pass through the harbor, which ranks for 21 percent and 29 percent of the include: and is the largest city on the eastern 27th among Great Lakes Harbors, waterfront, respectively. Waterfront n Adaptive reuse of waterfront shore of Lake Michigan. Muskegon annually. Muskegon has five marinas parcels with water-dependent property amidst poor economic has approximately X miles of frontage with boat launches, three additional utilities and industries account for conditions and legacy on Lake Michigan, Muskegon Lake boat launches and a yacht club. The approximately 13 percent and 11 contamination. and the Muskegon River. The city is city is home to numerous charter percent, respectively, of the total n Attracting new businesses utilizing a developed, urban community with fishing businesses, a commercial frontage along the waterfront. a Smartzone. numerous industrial, educational, fishery, Lake Express Ferry Service, n Increasing public access and research and government facilities the Port City Princess cruise ship Muskegon has an extensive waterfront recreational opportunities along along its waterfront. and many maritime attractions and that provides numerous recreational the waterfront. landmarks. Waterfront parks and opportunities. Muskegon Lake’s n Muskegon has a rich history in beaches, including award-winning natural deep draft harbor makes it Establishing recreational and shipping and has been called the Pere Marquette beach, provide public a prime location for shipping and commercial marine hubs through ‘Lumber Queen of the World’, the access to the waterfront. receiving commodities. The decline in zoning. ‘Port City’ and ‘Riviera of the Midwest’. industrial activity along the waterfront Exploitation of the region’s abundant Muskegon has waterfront marina presents opportunities to redefine natural resources, including timber, and waterfront industrial planned unit land use along the shore. The city brought the end of a booming development (PUD) zoning districts has a downtown Lakeshore Plan that lumber era at the end of the 1800s that specifically accommodate marine- helps to guide redevelopment and and significantly impacted the local related activity. Zoning adjacent to reuse of former industrial waterfront economy. Manufacturing and industry the waterfront is comprised of 46 property into new amenities such revived the community’s economy percent open space, 18 percent as Heritage Park. However, much through the 1950s. Today Muskegon’s industrial, 6 percent residential, 5 of the Muskegon Lake shoreline, tourism, recreation and manufacturing percent commercial and 25 percent including public property, is not visibly based economy is still very dependent other uses. Within a 1000 foot buffer or physically accessible. Additional on the city’s waterfront resources. of Lake Michigan, Lake Muskegon challenges the community faces is and the Muskegon River, land use is a lack of connectivity between the Muskegon Harbor is a federally comprised of 41 percent open space, downtown and Muskegon Lake as well authorized deep draft commercial, 18 percent industrial, 18 percent as between waterfront amenities. recreational, cargo and ferry harbor. residential, 10 percent commercial MUSKEGON Michigan Coastal Community Working Waterfronts Case Study 5 MUSKEGON, MI Muskegon River Muskegon Lake Michigan Muskegon County 100 miles N City of Muskegon Lake Michigan FIGURE 1. STATE OF MICHIGAN AND MUSKEGON COUNTY (LEFT) AND AERIAL IMAGE OF THE CITY OF MUSKEGON 1 mile N WITH LAKE MICHIGAN, MUSKEGON LAKE AND THE MUSKEGON RIVER. MUSKEGON Michigan Coastal Community Working Waterfronts Case Study 6 CONTEXT Jurisdiction