Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn., 93Lingual(3): 99–103, papillae November, of eland 201699

Morphology of the lingual papillae of the eland (Taurotragus )

By

Shoichi EMURA

Heisei College of Health Sciences, Gifu 501-1131, Japan

–Received for Publication, September 2, 2016–

Key Words: eland, lingual papillae, scanning electron microscopy

Summary: We examined the dorsal lingual surfaces of an adult eland (Taurotragus oryx) by scanning electron microscopy. Filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were observed. The filiform papillae of the lingual apex consisted of a larger main papilla and smaller secondary papillae. The connective tissue core of the filiform papilla was U-shaped. The fungiform papillae were round in shape. The connective tissue core of the fungiform papilla was flower-bud shaped. The filiform papillae of the lingual body consisted of a main papilla and were big as compared to that of the lingual apex. The connec- tive tissue core of the filiform papilla resembled that of the lingual apes. The lenticular papillae of large size were limited on the lingual prominence. The connective tissue core of the lenticular papilla consisted of numerous small spines. The vallate papillae were located on both sides of the posterolateral aspects. The vallate papillae were flattened-oval shaped and the papillae were surrounded by a semicircular trench. The connective tissue core of the vallate papilla was covered with numerous small spines. The lingual surface of the eland closely resembled that of the family .

Many studies have been published on the structures of the family Bovidae was used in this study. The tongue the lingual surfaces in various . In the order Artio- was fixed in 10% formalin. Small blocks containing dactyla, there have been many scanning electron micro- papillae were cut with a razor blade, post-fixed with 1% scopic (SEM) studies of the tongues of cows (Steflik et osmium tetroxide for 1 h. Thereafter, the specimens were al., 1983; Camorro,1986), (Funato et al., 1985; dehydrated through a graded series of acetone and criti- Atoji et al., 1998), one humped (Qayyum et al., cal-point-dried. To show the three-dimensional connec- 1988), buffalos (Scala et al., 1993), lesser mouse tive tissue structure of the lamina propria of the mucosa, (Agungpriyono et al., 1995), (Emura et al., some of the samples were washed in distilled water after 1999), (Emura et al., 2000a), Bactrian fixation and macerated in 3.5N HCl at 35°C for 2 days. camels (Eerdunchaolu et al., 2001), After maceration, tissues were washed in the distilled (Yoshimura et al., 2009), and roan water and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide for 1 h, and (Emura et al., 2011a,b) and Egyptian buffalo (Emura dehydrated in a series of acetone and critical-point-dried. and El-Bakary 2014). Such studies reveal variations in All specimens were sputtered with Pt-Pd before being morphology and distribution of papillae on the dorsal examined under SEM (Hitachi S-3000N, Tokyo, Japan) at lingual surface among species. an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. However, no SEM study on the tongue of the eland has been carried out. This study three-dimensionally examined the dorsal lingual surface of the eland, in order Results to compare results with those from previous reports on other . General observations Macroscopically, the tongue of the eland was about 30 cm long and the lingual body had lingual prominence Materials and Methods on the posterior third (Fig. 1). Fungiform papillae were round in shape and more densely distributed as compared The tongue of an adult eland (Taurotragus oryx) of to those of the lingual body on the tip and ventral surface

Corresponding author: Shoichi Emura, Heisei College of Health Sciences, Gifu 501-1131, Japan. 101-0061, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 100 S. Emura of the lingual apex (Fig. 1). There was no foliate papilla.

Scanning electron microscopy The filiform papillae of the lingual apex consisted of a main papilla and smaller secondary papillae (Fig. 2a). The connective tissue core of the filiform papilla was U-shaped (Fig. 2b). The fungiform papillae were round in shape (Fig. 2a). The connective tissue core of the fungi- form papilla was flower-bud shaped (Fig. 2b). The fili- form papillae of the lingual body consist of a main papilla and were big as compared to that of the lingual apex (Fig. 2c). The connective tissue core of the filiform papilla resembled that of the lingual apex (Fig. 2d). The lentic- ular papillae of large size were limited on the lingual prominence (Fig. 3a). The connective tissue core of the lenticular papilla consisted of numerous small spines (Fig. 3b). The vallate papillae were located on both sides of the posterolateral aspects. The vallate papillae were flattened-oval shaped and the papillae were surrounded by a semicircular trench (Fig. 3c). The connective tissue core of the vallate papilla was covered with numerous small spines (Fig. 3d).

Discussion

Agungpriyono et al. (1995) reported that filiform papillae consist of a larger main papilla and smaller secondary papillae, and in the filiform papillae that the distribution of the secondary papillae in the lesser mouse deer, being present from the anterior part of the tongue to the end of the middle third and rare or absent in the posterior part, is relatively restricted. Atoji et al. (1998) observed filiform papillae and conical papillae, and reported that the filiform papillae have secondary papillae in the Formosan . Emura et al. (1999, 2000a, 2011a, b) also observed similar filiform papillae in the -black buck, Barbary sheep, sitatunga and . The filiform papillae of the eland in this study were morpho- Fig. 1. Macrograph of the eland tongue. A = lingual apex. B = lingual logically similar to those of the blackbuck, Barbary body. P = lingual prominence. V = vallate papilla. sheep, sitatunga and roan antelope (Emura et al., 1999, 2000a, 2011a, b). A top of the connective tissue cores of the filiform papillae distributed in the roan antelope’s The lenticular papillae of the various sizes were tongue showed several depressions (Emura et al., 2011b). limited on the lingual prominence of the sitatunga (Emura However, the connective tissue cores of the filiform et al., 2011a). The connective tissue core of the lentic- papillae of the sitatunga and eland did not show those ular papilla consisted of numerous small spines, or these depressions. spines and rod-shaped processes (Emura et al., 2011a). The fungiform papillae were more densely distributed The lenticular papillae of the eland were similar to those on the tip and ventral surface of the lingual apex in Japa- of the sitatunga . nese serow, Formosan serow, blackbuck, Barbary sheep, The vallate papillae surrounded by a groove was sitatunga and roan antelope and the papillae were smaller round or oval in shape (Funato et al., 1985; Atoji et al., than that of the body (Funato et al., 1985; Atoji et al., 1998). It was reported that a pair of long-flat vallate 1998; Emura et al., 1999, 2000a, 2011a, b). These reports papillae were observed in the lesser mouse deer tongue coincide with the findings on the eland. The connective (Agungpriyono et al., 1995). Equine vallate papillae tissue core of the fungiform papilla on the eland’s tongue were composed of a primary papilla which was divided was flower-bud shaped. into several secondary papillae by intermediate grooves Lingual papillae of eland 101

Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of the lingual apex of the eland. (a) The filiform papilla on the apical surface consists of a main papilla and secondary papillae (arrows). The fungiform papillae (Fu) are round in shape. (b) The connective tissue core of the filiform papilla is U-shaped. The connective tissue core of the fungiform papilla (Fu) is flower-bud shaped. (c) The filiform papillae of the lingual body consist of a main papilla and are big as compared to that of the lingual apex. (d) The connective tissue core of the filiform papilla resembles that of the lingual apex. Fu = fungiform papilla.

(Chamorro et al., 1986). In this study, the vallate papillae covered with numerous small spines and numerous were flattened-oval shaped. The connective tissue core slender processes delivered from the lateral surface of of the round central papilla in the was the surrounding wall (Yamaguchi et al., 2002). In this 102 S. Emura

Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of the lingual prominence of the eland. (a) Note the lenticular papillae of large size. (b) The connective tissue core of the lenticular papilla consisted of numerous small spines. (c) The vallate papillae (V) are located on both sides of the postero- lateral aspects. The vallate papillae are flattened-oval shaped and the papillae are surrounded by a semicircular trench. The connective tissue core of the vallate papilla is covered with numerous small spines.

study, the connective tissue core of the vallate papilla was on the lateral sides of the lingual apex and body of the covered with numerous small spines. black rhinoceros had a hair-like shape, and consisted In the order Perissodactyla, the filiform papillae of main papillae and some smaller secondary papillae Lingual papillae of eland 103

(Emura et al., 2000b). The fungiform papillae were scat- Histol Embryol 2001; 30:147–151. tered among the hair-like papillae (Emura et al., 2000b). 6) Emura S and El-Bakary N.E.R. Morphology of the lingual papillae of Egyptian buffalo ( bubalis). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn On the lingual apex of the donkey, the filiform papillae 20014; 91:13–17. were abundant with more or less slim cylindrical form 7) Emura S, Okumura T and Chen H. Morphology of the lingual with pointed endings (Abd-Elnaeim et al., 2002). On the papillae in the sitatunga. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2011a; 88:23– caudal part of the body, the filiform papillae were thinner 27. than those on the apex, very long, cylindrical and abun- 8) Emura S, Okumura T and Chen H. Morphology of the lingual papillae in the roan antelope. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2011b; dant (Abd-Elnaeim et al., 2002). Their filiform papillae 88:127–131. were not showed in the lingual surface of the eland. 9) Emura S, Tamada A, Hayakawa D, Chen H. and Shoumura S. Morphology of the dorsal lingual papillae in the Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2000a; 77:39–46. Acknowledgements 10) Emura S, Tamada A, Hayakawa D, Chen H. and Shoumura S. Morphology of the dorsal lingual papillae in the black rhinoceros (Diceros Bicornis). Anat Histol Embryol 2000b; 29:371–374. I am grateful to the staff of Tennouji Zoo for supplying 11) Emura S, Tamada A, Hayakawa D, Chen H, Yano R and Shoumura the specimen. S. Morphology of the dorsal lingual papillae in the blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1999; 76:247–254. 12) Funato H, Atoji Y, Suzuki Y and Sugimura M. Morphological studies on the tongue of wild Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus References (in Japanese). Res Bull Fac Agr Gifu Univ 1985; 50:205–219. 13) Qayyum MA, Fatani JA and Mohajir AM. Scanning electron 1) Abd-Elnaeim MMM, Zayed AE and Leiser R. Morphological microscopic study of the lingual papillae of the one humped characteristics of the tongue and its papillae in the donkey (Equus , Camelus . J Anat 1988; 160:21–26. asinus): a light and scanning electron microscopical study. Ann 14) Scala G, Pelagalli GV, Vittoria A and Girolamo P. Etude Anat 2002; 184:473–480. morpho-structurale des papilles linguales chez le buffle (Bubalus 2) Agungpriyono S, Yamada J, Kitamura N, Nisa C, Sigit K and bubalis). Anat Histol Embryol 1993; 22:264–272. Yamamoto Y. Morphology of the dorsal lingual papillae in the 15) Steflik DE, Singh BB, Mckinney RV and Boshell JL. Correlated lesser mouse deer, javanicus. J Anat 1995; 187:635–640. TEM, SEM, and histological observations of filiform papillae of 3) Atoji Y, Yamamoto Y and Suzuki Y. Morpholog of the tongue the cow tongue. Acta Anat 1983; 117:21–30. of a male Formosan serow (Capricornis crispus swinhoei). Anat 16) Yamaguchi T, Asami T and Kobayashi K. Comparative anatom- Histo1 Embryol 1998; 27:17–19. ical studies on the stereo structure of the lingual papillae and their 4) Chamorro CA, de Paz P, Snadval J and Fernandez JG. Compar- connective tissue cores in the Japanese serow and ative scanning electron-microscopic study of the lingual papillae (in Japanese). Jpn J Oral Biol 2002; 44:127–141. in two species of domestic mammals (Equus caballus and 17) Yoshimura K, Hama N, Shindo J, Kobayashi K and Kageyama I. Taurus). I. Gustatory papillae. Acta Anat 1986; 125:83–87. Light and scanning electron microscopic study on the tongue and 5) Eerdunchaolu, Takehana K, Yamamoto E, Kobayashi A, Cao G, lingual papillae of the common , Hippopotamus Baiyin, Ueda H and Tangkawattana P. Characteristica of dorsal amphibious amphibious. Anat Rec 2009; 292:921–934. lingual papillae of the Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus). Anat