2 Japan-U.S. Alliance Chapter 314 ● Section 3 Section Defense of Japan Trilateral and Multilateral Training and Exercises Training and Multilateral Trilateral Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief Strengthening and Expanding Cooperation in a Wide Range of Areas of Wide Range a in Cooperation and Expanding Strengthening Japan and the United States worked closely together at Japan and the United States worked 3 2 local multilateral coordination centers to respond to the local multilateral coordination centers 2013. in November typhoon disaster that hit the Philippines respond to the outbreak of the Ebola virus disease, To Africa cers to the U.S. Japan started to dispatch liaison offi and efforts coordinating October 2014, Command in including the countries collecting information with relevant United States, for close cooperation. and enhancing Japan and the United States are promoting defense cooperation. trilateral and multilateral security and Japan-U.S.- (e.g., trilateral in participating is SDF The and Australia, Japan-U.S.-India, and Japan-U.S.-ROK) training and multilateral training, in addition to bilateral Japan and the United States. between exercises The SDF has conducted activities in close cooperation with in close cooperation with activities The SDF has conducted other participating countries through the United States and Special Anti-Terrorism to the former pursuant activities and international disaster relief activities Act, and Measures and operations in the Philippines international peacekeeping Haiti. Video : Japan-U.S.-India trilateral exercise “Malabar 2019” exercise trilateral Japan-U.S.-India Video : https://youtu.be/eKuZ1EZFaz4 URL : Strengthening and Expanding Cooperation in a Wide Range of Areas

Chapter 3, Section 4-2 (International Initiatives Aimed at Non- Section 4-2 (International Initiatives Chapter 3, Destruction) of Mass Weapons of Proliferation Chapter 3, Section 2 (Ensuring Maritime Security) Chapter 3, Creation of a Desirable Security Environment Creation of a Desirable

3 Maritime Security Section See The two countries have also been working closely together closely together also been working countries have The two For example, Japan and the United States have worked worked have United States Japan and the example, For

1 ❶ on providing multilateral capacity building in the maritime multilateral capacity building on providing domain to countries including those along the sea lanes. closely together in various multilateral maritime security multilateral closely together in various as those along with such countries cooperation frameworks (PSI) Initiative the sea lanes, including Proliferation Security has In addition, the SDF maritime interdiction exercises. Command to the U.S. Central Naval cers dispatched its offi in activities in Bahrain to carry out intelligence gathering as a Japan-initiated activity the Middle East, which began in 2020. Both Japan and the United States have made efforts as as efforts made have States United the and Japan Both and stable “open develop and nations to maintain maritime such as securing seas” according to fundamental rules and the rule of law the freedom and safety of navigation, on international including peaceful dispute resolution based law. The NDPG provides that in order to create a desirable that The NDPG provides maintaining and enhancing including security environment on increasing and with an eye order, free and open maritime Japan c region, in the Indo-Pacifi Japanese and U.S. presence activities. will conduct bilateral ● was established to replace the foregoing established to replace the foregoing was 2 P-8I of Indian Navy and crew members MSDF P-1 (center), P-8A of the U.S. Navy (left), Navy (left), U.S. P-8A of the MSDF P-1 (center), In 2006, the Exchange of Notes concerning the 1 At the Japan-U.S. Defense Ministerial Meeting in June The main focus of “Malabar 2019” was to conduct anti- conduct to was 2019” “Malabar of focus main The Exchange of Notes. Under these frameworks, Japan decided Exchange of Notes. Under these frameworks, United States with 20 items of arms and the to provide military technologies, including military technologies related to joint technological research on BMD. Japan and the United States consult with each other at forums such as (S&TF) and conduct Forum Technology the Systems and c the specifi regarding research and development cooperative projects agreed upon at these forums. level, and other factors, Japan decided to transfer its military Japan decided other factors, and level, Three of the technology to the United States regardless Arms Exports and related guidelines. In 1983, Principles on Japan established the Exchange of Notes concerning the United States of to the Technologies of Military Transfer America. Transfer of Arms and Military Technologies to the United Technologies Arms and Military of Transfer States of America submarine training together. The training convinced me of the training convinced me The training together. submarine high degree of expertise Navy Indian Navy and the crew’s U.S. also able to cultivate were We and thatpartners. they are reliable great with each other by going through the rigorous friendship I believe that the trusting relationship built training together. is not only a valuable experience for me through the exercise cooperationsecurity to conductive also but pilot a as between directly contributes to the realizationthe three countries and of c.” and Open Indo-Pacifi “Free a Participating in Malabar 2019 in Malabar Participating the U.S. Navy and the Indian Navy on board a P-1 the U.S. The author explaining precautions to the personnel of

As a captain of MSDF P-1, I participatedJapan- in the As a captain of MSDF P-1, Initiatives for Leveraging Capabilities Three Pillars of Japan’s Defense (Means to Achieve the Objectives of Defense) the Objectives Achieve to (Means Defense of Japan’s Pillars Three

Defense Equipment and Technology Cooperation Technology Defense Equipment and Lieutenant Commander HATTORI Takayoshi, Takayoshi, Commander HATTORI Lieutenant MSDF 3, Air Patrol Squadron (patrol aircraft “Malabar 2019” U.S.-India trilateral exercise This was the Base in September 2019. Air Atsugi units) held at the participation8th Malabar held with of Japan and the 3rd but it was the Malabar as a Japan-U.S.-India trilateral exercise, rst time that state-of-the-art patrolMSDF, aircraft—P-1 of the fi Navy and P-8I of the Indian Navy—lined up at P-8A of the U.S. Atsugi Air Base. VOICE DEFENSE OF JAPAN 2020 DEFENSE OF JAPAN In view of the progress in technology cooperation between In view 1

Part 3 Part ❷ 1 America Technologies to the United States of Transfer of Military Exchange of Notes concerning the cial title: Offi 2 America Technologies to the United States of Arms and Military Transfer of Exchange of Notes concerning the cial title: Offi Japan and the United States, the improvement of technological of improvement the States, United the and Japan Japan proactively promotes cooperation in defense Japan proactively equipment and technology with the U.S. based on the mutual Treaty Security from the Japan-U.S. cooperation principle between Agreement Assistance Defense Mutual the and while bearing in America, Japan and the United States of mind the maintenance of the technological and industrial bases. The NDPG provides that in order for Japan and the United The NDPG provides during their capabilities States to be able to fully leverage cooperation Japan will enhance and expand bilateral activities, with the United States in such areas as equipment, technology, and intelligence as well as information security. facility, 315

Japan-U.S. Alliance 2 Chapter 2 Japan-U.S. Alliance Chapter 316 Section 3 Section Defense of Japan Strengthening and Expanding Cooperation in a Wide Range of Areas of Wide Range a in Cooperation and Expanding Strengthening Thus, while taking into account the SDF defense posture in posture defense the SDF into account taking while Thus, diversity and efficiency of Japan-U.S. bilateral training and and bilateral training of Japan-U.S. efficiency and diversity of and raises the frequency the scope and expands exercises, of only a limited number The SDF has as ISR. such activities most of Air Base, and including Naha in Okinawa, facilities operational which results in in urban areas, them are located areas of the and joint/shared use of facilities The limitations. training the SDF’s will greatly improve USFJ in Okinawa of implementation and facilitate in Okinawa, environment interoperability and increased exercises joint training and It will also improve the U.S. Forces. between the SDF and of local the safety ensuring to contribute and readiness people in case of a disaster. Islands, and relations including the Southwestern the regions, United States are with local communities, Japan and the consultations, and specific initiatives in engaged proactively been the GSDF has example, are steadily progressing. For purpose. for exercises using Camp Hansen since March 2008 Defense Command Air ASDF of the the relocation Moreover, of the April 2012 and the relocation in Yokota to Headquarter Headquarters to Zama then GSDF Central Readiness Force the development in March 2013 were carried out. In addition, Islands Mariana Northern the and Guam in ranges training of SDF Island, etc.) for shared use by the Island, Pagan (Tinian is under consideration. and the U.S. Forces The 3 Part IV, Chapter 2, Section 5-2 (Deepening Relationships with Section 5-2 (Deepening Relationships Chapter 2, Part IV, Technology Defense Equipment and the United States regarding Cooperation) Reference 22 (Japan-U.S. Joint Research and Development and Research Joint (Japan-U.S. 22 Reference Projects)  Joint/Shared Use Joint/Shared Official title: Memorandum of Understanding between the Department of Defense of the United States of America and the Ministry the and America Japan of Defense of Defense Reciprocal concerning States United the of Defense of Department the between Understanding of of Memorandum title: Official Procurement See Part IV, Chapter 2, Section 5-2 (Deepening Relationships 5-2 (Deepening Section 2, Chapter IV, Part 2 3 The expansion of joint/shared use of facilities and areas of joint/shared use of facilities The expansion such as maneuver activities increases bases for the SDF’s turn enhances the areas, ports, and airfields, which in 2016, the Ministers signed a Reciprocal Defense Procurement Defense a Reciprocal signed the Ministers 2016, MOU). (RDP of Understanding Memorandum with the United States regarding Defense Equipment and Defense regarding with the United States for the common initiatives Cooperation) explains Technology by deployed Ospreys the 24 MV-22 maintenance base for V-22 the and Futenma MCAS at Corps Marine U.S. the for the as well as initiatives by the GSDF deployed Osprey Capability) in the MRO&U maintenance depot (regional F-35 fighter aircraft. for region Asia-Pacific MOU promotes measures concerning the procurement of the procurement measures concerning MOU promotes based authorities defense U.S. and Japanese by equipment necessary to submit information (providing on reciprocity submitted protecting of the other country, bids to businesses restrictions on participation waiving corporate information, etc.). of the other country, by businesses