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Mid-Season Wildflowers at Bridgeport

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Mid-Season Wildflowers at Bridgeport Mid-Season Wildflowers at Bridgeport The common name in bold is likely the name most frequently used at Bridgeport. The blooming dates are merely guidelines; flowers may appear earlier and extend later. If the flower you are looking for is not here, refer to the Early and Late tables to see if the flower was placed there. The references used in compiling this table are listed on the last page. Many of the Native American uses were taken directly from the research paper by Vicki Macdonald. Name changes are in blue, in agreement with The Jepson Manual, Second Edition, 2012. Common Scientific Flower Date Family Native Type Interesting Facts Name Name Color Description Baby Stars Leptosiphon Mid Polemoniaceae Native Annual Red/ 2-6” tall with whorled, Grows in open grassy areas, foothill woodlands Bicolor pink hairy leaves topped by and chaparral in western North America. 3/12- Phlox Family Below a head of bracts with Previously 5/30 5,600’ one flower open at a A good plant to view with a magnifier. Stamens Linanthus time. The tiny pink 5- are attached in the throat. bicolor Mar. petal flower has a Leptosiphon means “narrow tube” which refers to to yellow throat and a the tube of the funnel-shaped flower. June very long tube below the spreading petals. Ceanothus or Ceanothus Mid Rhamaceae Native Shrub or White 3-9’ tall with stiff Grows in chaparral on sunny, dry, rocky slopes. Buck Brush, cuneatus small tree or pale branches. May be Found throughout California and in Oregon and Wedgeleaf var. cuneatus 3/11 Buckthorn Family Below blue to wider than tall. The Baja California. Fire encourages germination of Ceanothus 7,000' Monoe- laven- usually white flowers the seed and many seedlings sprout after a fire. Feb. cious der are in clusters and to (male and emit a strong scent. Native Americans used the seeds for food, the May female The fruit has minute blossoms as soap, the leaves for tobacco, the flowers on horns. Opposite 1/4” to roots for red dye, and bark and roots for astringent the same 3/4” evergreen leaves. and tonic. Sometimes used today as a heat plant) Seed capsules burst resistant cover on road banks and slopes. It open with a pop and thrives in poor soil and needs good drainage. It is can cast seeds as far deer resistant. All ceanothus roots fix nitrogen. as 35’. Mid Wildflowers at Bridgeport_2016.docx Darlene Ward 4/2/2016 Page 1 of 21 Common Scientific Flower Date Family Native Type Interesting Facts Name Name Color Description Ceanothus or Ceanothus Mid Rhamnaceae Native Shrub, White 3-12’ tall and 4-15’ Grows on mountain slopes, ridges and flats Deer Brush, integerrimus semi- but wide, loosely predominately in the mid-Sierra and also in other California var. 4/4- Buckthorn Family 230- deciduous can be branched, with 3- western states. Plant variations exist, likely due to Lilac, Wild macrothyrsus 5/22 8,500’ blue or veined, alternate, the amount of available water. Plants stump- Lilac rarely smooth-edged leaves. sprout after a fire or after cutting. Fire also helps May pink The deciduous leaves in seed germination. Seeds remain viable for 24 to can be up to 3” long years or more. The plant grows well in the garden, July but most often are but may not be the preferred ceanothus to grow. less. The clusters of It was used for treating women after childbirth and flowers are usually is used today to prepare a tonic. The Miwoks used white at Bridgeport. the plant in basket making. The leaves produce a The roots fix nitrogen. green dye. All parts of the plant contain saponin and produce a gentle soap when crushed. Checker Sidalcea Mid Malvaceae Native Annual Rose- 6-12” tall with erect Grows on dry hillsides, often on serpentine, in the Mallow, hartwegii purple stems. Leaves are Sacramento Valley and the foothills east and west Hartweg’s 4/4- Mallow Family Below divided into 5 to 7 of the valley. Endemic to California. Checker- 5/13 2,000’ linear segments. 4 to 6 bloom, rose-purple flowers Use a hand-lens to view the star-shaped hairs on Hartweg’s April cluster or overlap in a the flower. Sidalcea, to group. The flower has Many butterfly larvae feed on mallows: Gray Valley June 5 petals and the Hairstreak, Painted Lady, West Coast Lady, Checker- stamens are fused into Common Checkered Skipper and Large White bloom a central tube. Skipper. Chinese Collinsia Mid Plantaginaceae Native Annual Violet/ 6-20” tall with opposite, Grows in shady, grassy places in many plant Houses heterophylla Purple narrow triangular communities in California and Baja California. On var. Mar Plantain Family Below paired, slightly toothed our trail, watch out for nearby poison oak. Chinese heterophylla to 4,300’ leaves and ascending Houses grow in one area beyond the French June Previously whorls of spectacular Corral Creek, usually on the left but perhaps Scrophulariaceae 3/4” to 1” flowers. The downslope in a good year. Visitors often ask, “Are Figwort Family upper 2 petals are the Chinese Houses blooming yet?” white with purple marks and the lower 2 Frequently included in wildflower seed mixes for petals are purple. A the garden. The plant is host for the larvae of the third petal is hidden. Variable Checkerspot butterfly. The whorled flowers look like a Chinese pagoda, thus the common name. Mid Wildflowers at Bridgeport_2016.docx Darlene Ward 4/2/2016 Page 2 of 21 Common Scientific Flower Date Family Native Type Interesting Facts Name Name Color Description Clarkia or Clarkia Mid Onagraceae Native Annual Violet/ 4-24” tall with small, Grows widespread on grassy or gravelly slopes Winecup purpurea Purple cuplike purple flowers and flats and also on serpentine. It is found Clarkia, Four- 4/4- Evening Below or in the leaf axils. throughout most of California and occurs in the spot Clarkia 5/30 Primrose Family 5,000’ laven- Bridgeport flowers are western states. It is variable with 3 subspecies. der light lavender with a April darker spot near the Native Americans dried parched and pulverized to top of each of the 4 seeds of Clarkia species. They ate the meal dry or July petals. combined it with acorn meal. Clover or Trifolium Mid Fabaceae Non- Annual Yellow 4-20” tall, prostrate to Grows in grassy or disturbed places from valley Little Hop dubium Native erect. Short stalks with floor to upper conifer forests. Sometimes planted Clover or 3/28- Pea Family from small flower heads of as part of a turf grass mixture. Shamrock 5/3 Europe fewer than 30 tiny Clover yellow flowers. Typical Avoid confusing it with Yellow Bur Clover (which April Below three-part clover leaf. has wedge-shaped leaves and single flowers) or to 1.640’ Hop Clover (which has larger flower heads and July veined banners.). A poultice of the chopped plant is used to stop bleeding of cuts. Clover or Trifolium Mid Fabaceae Native Annual Pink to 18” or taller, non- Grows on slopes in grassland, chaparral and Foothill ciliolatum purple hairy, 3-leaflet disturbed areas in western North America from Clover, Tree Mar 750- alternate leaves. Washington to Baja. Found throughout much of Clover to 5,600’ The flowers soon CA. Flattened flowerheads may be seen on the June reflex, leaving a north side near the end of the trail in a grassy flattened head of area in late May. We rarely go that far on our withering flowers. guided tours. Clover leaves of most varieties can be eaten raw or cooked before flowering. Seeds can be eaten raw or cooked or sprouted. Clover or Trifolium Mid Fabaceae Non- Annual Red/ 4-16” tall, often in Has naturalized in most parts of California. It is Rosy Clover, hirtum native Pink carpets. The three ½” often seeded after fires, for cover crops and for Rose Clover 3/22- Pea Family from leaflets often have a forage. It is replacing native clovers and 5/30 Eura- lighter band across the wildflowers. sia, no. middle. Round, pink or April Africa rose, hairy It was introduced to California from Turkey in the to flowerheads. The 1940s as a forage crop and has become a May Below sepals may harden roadside weed. 6,800’’ into bristles with age. Mid Wildflowers at Bridgeport_2016.docx Darlene Ward 4/2/2016 Page 3 of 21 Common Scientific Flower Date Family Native Type Interesting Facts Name Name Color Description Clover or Trifolium Late Fabaceae Native Annual Laven- 4-16” tall herb with 3 Grows on upland grassy slopes and flats, dry Tom Cat willdenovii der to minutely toothed, very gravel bars and openings on disturbed heavy Clover 4/11- Pea Family Below pink- slender leaflets 1/2 to soils, sometimes on serpentine. Abundant in Previously 5/30 8,200’ purple 1 1/2” long. Bristle- California, sporadic west of the Cascades. Also in Trifolium to dark tipped stipules at the Baja California and South America. tridentatum Mar purple base of the leaves. to Tubular flowers in a 1” Could be confused with Whitetip Clover (T. June head, usually with variegatum) which grows in wetter places and is white-tipped petals. not on the Bridgeport list. Dudleya or Dudleya Mid Crassulaceae Native Perennial Red- Under 1’ in flower. Grows in the western Sierra and CA coast ranges Canyon cymosa yellow Yellow flowers with on dry, rocky outcrops and talus slopes, generally Dudleya, 3/8- Stonecrop Family 3300- brilliant red sepals on in full sun. Can grow in clay soil but should be Canyon Live 6/18 8900’ stems that rise above planted at an angle to avoid rot.
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