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Some Hemiurid Trematodes of Marine Fishes from Ghana1

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Some Hemiurid Trematodes of Marine Fishes from Ghana1 OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 38, NUMBER 2, JULY 1971 181 Some Hemiurid Trematodes of Marine Fishes from Ghana1 JACOB H. FISCHTHAL AND J. D. TiiOMAs2 ABSTRACT: Four new species in the digenetic trematode family Hemiuridae are described from marine fishes from Ghana: Lecithocladium mecoderum, L. unibulbolabriim, Lecithaster africanus, L. ghanensis. Nine previously described species reported are: Parahemiurus merits, Dimirus barbatus, D. brevi- diictus, D. tornatus, Ectenurus lepidus, E. virgulus, Lecithocladium augustiovum, L. excisum, Aponunis lagunciilus. New synonymy declared is Parectenurus chloroscombri and Ectenurus trachuri with Ectenurus lepidits, and Aponurus trachinoti with A. lagunculus. All previously described species represent new geo- graphical distribution records; many new hosts are recorded. The trematodes from Tema were fixed in sidae); *Lagocephalus laevigatus (L.), smooth corrosive acetate or Bouin's under coverslip puffer or globe-fish (Tetraodontidae); *Pset- pressure, stained in Ehrlich's acid hematoxylin todes belcheri Bennett (Psettodidae). or Mayer's carmalum, and mounted in balsam. HABITAT: Stomach. All others were killed in hot water, transferred LOCALITIES: Cape Coast, Iture, Tema; immediately to Lavdowsky's FAA fixative for Ghana. 24 hr, and then stored in 70% alcohol plus 3% SPECIMENS DEPOSITED: USNM Helm. Coll. glycerine; whole mounts were stained in Nos. 71674-71683 (one or more specimens Mayer's carmalum and mounted in permount. from each host). An asterisk (*) preceding the host name indi- DISCUSSION: The most heavily infected host cates a new host record. All previously de- was Sardinella cameronensis. Parahemiurus scribed species represent new geographical merus has been reported from a variety of ma- distribution records. Specimens have been de- rine fishes, particularly clupeoids and carangids, posited in the United States National Museum from Southwest Africa, U. S. Atlantic, Gulf of Helminthological Collection as noted. All mea- Mexico, Bimini, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Curacao, surements are in microns. Brazil, Ecuador, U. S. Pacific, Japan, and S. China, Okhotsk, and Bering Seas. Overstreet Parahemiurus merus (Union, 1910) (1969) reported progenetic metacercariae of Woolcock, 1935 P. merus in the coelom of the chaetognath SYNONYMS: Hemiurus merus Lin ton, 1910; Sagitta hispida Conant from Biscayne Bay, Parahemiurus parahemiurus Vaz and Pereira, Florida. As Sogandares and Hutton (1959) 1930; Parahemiurus platichthyi Lloyd, 1938; noted, this trematode is perhaps originally a Parahemiurus atherinae Yamaguti, 1938; Para- parasite of the Clupeoidei. No doubt many hemiurus harengulae Yamaguti, .1938; Para- records of P. merus are from fishes temporarily hemiurus noblei King, 1962. infected by feeding on clupeoid fishes harbor- HOSTS: *Sardinelki cameronensis Regan, ing the adult worm as Manter (1954) sug- Cameroon sardine, *Ethmalosa dorsalis (Cuvier gested, or by ingesting progenetic meta- and Valenciennes), shad (Clupeidae); *En- cercariae. graulis encrasicholus (L.), anchovy (Engrau- lidae); Caranx hippos (L.), jack or horse Dinurus barbatus (Colin, 1903) mackerel, Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch), Looss, 1907 goggle-eye scad, *Trachinotus glaucus (L.), SYNONYM: Lecithocladium barbatum Cohn, palometa, *T. goreensis Cuvier and Valenci- 1903. ennes, pampano (Carangidae); *Cynoglossus HOST: Coryphaena hippurus L., dolphin goreensis Steindachner, tongue sole (Cynoglos- (Coryphaenidae). HABITAT: Stomach. 1 Contribution from the Department of Biological Sci- ences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Bing- LOCALITY: Tema, Ghana. hamton, New York 13901 (J. H. Fischthal). " Address of J. D. Thomas: School of Biological Sci- SPECIMENS DEPOSITED: USNM Helm. Coll. ences, The University of Sussex, Farmer, Brighton, Sussex, England. No. 71684. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY DISCUSSION: This species has been reported SPECIMENS DEPOSITED: USNM Helm. Coll. from C. hippurus, C. equisetis L., Sarda ( = Nos. 71687-71689. Pelamys) sarda (Bloch) (Thunnidae), and DISCUSSION: This species has been reported Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner) from a variety of marine fishes (mostly (Serranidae) from the European. Atlantic, Gulf carangids) from the Mediterranean, Adriatic, of Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Curacao, and and Black Seas, Brazil, New Zealand, Hawaii, Mexican and Panama Pacific. and Gulf of Aden. We declare Parectenurus chloroscombri Siddiqi and Cable, 1960, based Dinurus breviductus Looss, 1907 on a single worm from Chloroscombrus chrys- HOST: Coryphaena hippurus. urus from Puerto Rico, and Ectenurus trachuri HABITAT: Stomach. Nikolaeva and Kovaleva, 1966, from Trachurus LOCALITY: Tema, Ghana. mediterranean (Steindachner) (Carangidae) SPECIMENS DEPOSITED: USNM Helm. Coll. from the Mediterranean, Tyrrhenian, and No. 71685. Adriatic Seas synonyms of Ectenurus lepidus. DISCUSSION: This form has been found in Siddiqi and Cable (1960) placed their new C. hippurus, C. equisetis, Sarda sarda, and species in the genus Parectenurus Manter, Clupea melanostoma (Clupeiclae) from the 1947, but Manter and Pritchard (1960) de- European and U. S. Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, clared it a synonym of Ectenurus Looss, 1907. Puerto Rico, Cuba, Curacao, Argentina, and The former authors separated their form on the Red Sea. basis of an undivided seminal vesicle, but stated in the description that it had "shallow Dinurus tornatus (Rudolphi, 1819) constrictions but not divided into distinct divi- Looss, 1907 sions." In our material from the same host species the division of the seminal vesicle SYNONYMS: Distomum tornatum Rud., 1819; varied from that described by Siddiqi and Lecithockidium tornatum (Rud.) Liihe, 1901. Cable to a distinct tripartite structure. Com- HOST: Coryphaena hippurus. parison of our specimens with two of Ectenurus HABITAT: Stomach. lepidus from Decapterus pinnulatus (Eydoux LOCALITY: Tema, Ghana. and Soulayet) reported by Manter and Pritchard SPECIMEN DEPOSITED: USNM Helm. Coll. (1960) from Hawaii (kindly loaned by Dr. No. 71686. Mary Hanson Pritchard, University of Ne- DISCUSSION: This species has been recovered braska) and with the single specimen of Par- from C. hippurus, C. equisetis, Sarda sarda, ectenurus chloroscombri (USNM Helm. Coll. and. Peprilus parti (L.) (Stromateiclae) from No. 39397) show them to be basically alike. the European and U. S. Atlantic, Azores, Gulf Nikolaeva and Kovaleva (1966) noted that of Mexico, Bimini, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Curacao, their new species is most closely related to E. Red Sea, and Gulf of Aden. All three species lepidus, but differs in having a sucker ratio of of Dinurus Looss, 1907, listed herein were 1:3-4, in the ovary being larger than the testes, from the same individual dolphin. in lacking padlike thickenings on the antero- clorsal part of the body, and in the more pos- Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907 terior extension of the ceca into the ecsoma. SYNONYMS: Parectenurus chloroscombri Sid- In our material the ovary varies from much diqi and Cable, 1960; Ectenurus trachuri smaller than the testes to much larger; the Nikolaeva and Kovaleva, 1966. ceca extend into the ecsoma variable distances; HOSTS: Chloroscombrus chrysurus (L.), only a few specimens show anterodorsal pad- bumper, *Decaptcrus rhonchus (Geoffroy St. like thickenings; and the sucker ratios are usu- Hilaire), mackerel scad (Carangidae); *Gale- ally slightly less than 1:3.0. Manter and oides decadactylus (Bloch), threadfin (Poly- Pritchard (1960) noted that the padlike thicken- nemidae). ings are inconspicuous and not always evident; HABITAT: Stomach. additionally, they noted that the sucker ratio LOCALITIES: Cape Coast (C. chrysurus), is 1:2.8-3.0 in Mantcr's (1954) specimens Tema (others); Ghana. from New Zealand. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 38, NUMBER 2, JULY 1971 183 Ectenurus virguhis Linton, 1910 Spanish or chub mackerel (Scombridae); HOSTS: *Caranx africaniis Steindachner, *Caesiomorus (= Lichia) glaucus (L.), leer- African horse mackerel, C. crysos (Mitchill), fish (Carangidae); *Galeoides decadactylus. jack or horse mackerel, *Tmchinotus glaucus HABITATS: Stomach, small intestine. (Carangidae). LOCALITY: Tema, Ghana. HABITAT: Stomach. SPECIMENS DEPOSITED: USNM Helm. Coll. LOCALITY: Cape Coast, Ghana. Nos. 71696-71700. SPECIMENS DEPOSITED: USNM Helm. Coll. DISCUSSION: This species has been reported Nos. 71690-71692. from a wide variety of marine fishes from the DISCUSSION: The differences cited by Manter Baltic, North, Irish, Mediterranean, Adriatic, (1947) between this species and Ectenurus and Black Seas, New Zealand, Vietnam, Japan, lepidus Looss, 1907, were noted in our ma- South-West Africa, European and U. S. Atlan- terial. The padlike thickenings on the antero- tic, and Gulf of Mexico. dorsal part of the body were prominent on all but a few of our specimens. Comparison of Lecithocladium mecoderum sp. n. our worms with some of the original specimens (Fig. 1) collected by Linton (1910) from Clupanodon HOST: Galeoides decadactylus (Bloch), pseudohispanica (Poey) (Dorosomidae) from threadfin (Polynemidae). Tortugas, Florida (USNM Helm. Coll. No. HABITAT: Stomach. 8508) show them to be basically similar. E. LOCALITY: Tema, Ghana. virgulus has been reported from a variety of DATE: 18 April 1964. marine fishes from the U. S. Atlantic, Gulf of SPECIMEN DEPOSITED: USNM Helm. Coll. Mexico, Bahama, Bimini, Bermuda, Jamaica, No. 71701 (holotype). Curacao, and
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