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Cichlid Diversity, Speciation and Systematics: Examples from the Great African Lakes
Cichlid diversity, speciation and systematics: examples from the Great African Lakes Jos Snoeks, Africa Museum, Ichthyology- Cichlid Research Unit, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Ter vuren,.Belgium. Tel: (32) 2 769 56 28, Fax: (32) 2 769 56 42(e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT The cichlid faunas of the large East African lakes pro vide many fascina ting research tapies. They are unique because of the large number of species involved and the ir exceptional degree ofendemicity. In addition, certain taxa exhibit a substantial degree of intra~lacustrine endemism. These features al one make the Great African Lakes the largest centers of biodiversity in the vertebrate world. The numbers of cichlid species in these lakes are considered from different angles. A review is given of the data available on the tempo of their speciation, and sorne of the biological implications of its explosive character are discussed. The confusion in the definition of many genera is illustrated and the current methodology of phylogenetic research briefly commented upon. Theresults of the systematic research within the SADC/GEFLake Malawi/NyasaBiodiversity Conservation Project are discussed. It is argued that systematic research on the East African lake cichlids is entering an era of lesser chaos but increasing complexity. INTRODUCTION The main value of the cichlids of the Great African Grea ter awareness of the scientific and economi Lakes is their economie importance as a readily cal value of these fishes has led to the establishment accessible source of protein for the riparian people. In of varioüs recent research projects such as the three addition, these fishes are important to the specialized GEF (Global Environmental Facility) projects on the aquarium trade as one of the more exci ting fish groups larger lakes (Victoria, Tanganyika, Malawi/Nyasa). -
Fish, Various Invertebrates
Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume II : Chapters 7 - 11 - Contents i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME II Technical Reviews Page CHAPTER 7 : FRESHWATER FISHES .............................. 393 7.1 Introduction .................................................................... 393 7.2 The origin and zoogeography of Zambezian fishes ....... 393 7.3 Ichthyological regions of the Zambezi .......................... 404 7.4 Threats to biodiversity ................................................... 416 7.5 Wetlands of special interest .......................................... 432 7.6 Conservation and future directions ............................... 440 7.7 References ..................................................................... 443 TABLE 7.2: The fishes of the Zambezi River system .............. 449 APPENDIX 7.1 : Zambezi Delta Survey .................................. 461 CHAPTER 8 : FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS ................... 487 8.1 Introduction ................................................................. 487 8.2 Literature review ......................................................... 488 8.3 The Zambezi River basin ............................................ 489 8.4 The Molluscan fauna .................................................. 491 8.5 Biogeography ............................................................... 508 8.6 Biomphalaria, Bulinis and Schistosomiasis ................ 515 8.7 Conservation ................................................................ 516 8.8 Further investigations ................................................. -
Indian and Madagascan Cichlids
FAMILY Cichlidae Bonaparte, 1835 - cichlids SUBFAMILY Etroplinae Kullander, 1998 - Indian and Madagascan cichlids [=Etroplinae H] GENUS Etroplus Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 - cichlids [=Chaetolabrus, Microgaster] Species Etroplus canarensis Day, 1877 - Canara pearlspot Species Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) - green chromide [=caris, meleagris] GENUS Paretroplus Bleeker, 1868 - cichlids [=Lamena] Species Paretroplus dambabe Sparks, 2002 - dambabe cichlid Species Paretroplus damii Bleeker, 1868 - damba Species Paretroplus gymnopreopercularis Sparks, 2008 - Sparks' cichlid Species Paretroplus kieneri Arnoult, 1960 - kotsovato Species Paretroplus lamenabe Sparks, 2008 - big red cichlid Species Paretroplus loisellei Sparks & Schelly, 2011 - Loiselle's cichlid Species Paretroplus maculatus Kiener & Mauge, 1966 - damba mipentina Species Paretroplus maromandia Sparks & Reinthal, 1999 - maromandia cichlid Species Paretroplus menarambo Allgayer, 1996 - pinstripe damba Species Paretroplus nourissati (Allgayer, 1998) - lamena Species Paretroplus petiti Pellegrin, 1929 - kotso Species Paretroplus polyactis Bleeker, 1878 - Bleeker's paretroplus Species Paretroplus tsimoly Stiassny et al., 2001 - tsimoly cichlid GENUS Pseudetroplus Bleeker, in G, 1862 - cichlids Species Pseudetroplus maculatus (Bloch, 1795) - orange chromide [=coruchi] SUBFAMILY Ptychochrominae Sparks, 2004 - Malagasy cichlids [=Ptychochrominae S2002] GENUS Katria Stiassny & Sparks, 2006 - cichlids Species Katria katria (Reinthal & Stiassny, 1997) - Katria cichlid GENUS -
Body Shape Variation in Relation to Resource Partitioning
AnimalBiology ,Vol.53, No. 1, pp. 59-70 (2003) Ó KoninklijkeBrill NV ,Leiden,2003. Alsoavailable online - www.brill.nl Body shape variation inrelation to resourcepartitioning within cichlidtrophic guilds coexisting along the rocky shore of Lake Malawi 1; 2 3 DAUDD. KASSAM ¤,DEANC. ADAMS ,AGGREYJ.D. AMBALI , KOSAKUY AMAOKA 1 1 Departmentof Aquaculture,Kochi University, B 200Monobe, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan 2 Programin Ecology and Evolution, Department of Zoology and Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames,Iowa 50010, USA 3 Departmentof Biology,University of Malawi, Chancellor College, P .O.Box 280, Zomba, Malawi Abstract—Toappreciatebetter how cichlids segregate along the trophic, spatial and temporal dimen- sions,it is necessary to understand the cichlids’ body design, and its role in resourcepartitioning. We investigatedbody shape variation, quanti ed usinglandmark-based geometric morphometrics, among cichlidspecies belonging to algaland zooplankton feeders coexisting along the rocky shores of Lake Malawi,in order to elucidate the adaptive signi cance of body shape. Signi cant differences were foundwithin zooplankton feeders in which Copadichromisborleyi hada shortergape, smaller eyes andshorter caudal peduncle relative to Ctenopharynxpictus and,within algal feeders, Labeotropheus fuelleborni hada shorterand inferior subterminal gape, and shorter head relative to Petrotilapiagena- lutea.Variationamong species is discussedwith reference to trophicand feeding microhabitat differ- entiationwhich enables us to appreciate the role -
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CICHLIFORMES: Cichlidae (part 5) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 10.0 - 11 May 2021 Order CICHLIFORMES (part 5 of 8) Family CICHLIDAE Cichlids (part 5 of 7) Subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae African Cichlids (Palaeoplex through Yssichromis) Palaeoplex Schedel, Kupriyanov, Katongo & Schliewen 2020 palaeoplex, a key concept in geoecodynamics representing the total genomic variation of a given species in a given landscape, the analysis of which theoretically allows for the reconstruction of that species’ history; since the distribution of P. palimpsest is tied to an ancient landscape (upper Congo River drainage, Zambia), the name refers to its potential to elucidate the complex landscape evolution of that region via its palaeoplex Palaeoplex palimpsest Schedel, Kupriyanov, Katongo & Schliewen 2020 named for how its palaeoplex (see genus) is like a palimpsest (a parchment manuscript page, common in medieval times that has been overwritten after layers of old handwritten letters had been scraped off, in which the old letters are often still visible), revealing how changes in its landscape and/or ecological conditions affected gene flow and left genetic signatures by overwriting the genome several times, whereas remnants of more ancient genomic signatures still persist in the background; this has led to contrasting hypotheses regarding this cichlid’s phylogenetic position Pallidochromis Turner 1994 pallidus, pale, referring to pale coloration of all specimens observed at the time; chromis, a name -
Patterns and Process During the Diversification of the Cichlid Fishes in Lake Malawi, Africa Michael R
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Fall 2006 Patterns and process during the diversification of the cichlid fishes in Lake Malawi, Africa Michael R. Kidd University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Kidd, Michael R., "Patterns and process during the diversification of the cichlid fishes in Lake Malawi, Africa" (2006). Doctoral Dissertations. 342. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/342 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PATTERNS AND PROCESS DURING THE DIVERSIFICATION OF THE CICHLID FISHES IN LAKE MALAWI, AFRICA BY MICHAEL R. KIDD BA, Williams College, 1991 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology September, 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3231355 Copyright 2006 by Kidd, Michael R. All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Exchange April 2018 Area of Concern—Lake Tanganyika Do You CARE
The CARES April 2018 Exchange Area of Concern—Lake Tanganyika Do You CARE Crossword Challenge Data Submission Deadline April 30 Welcome to The CARES Exchange. The primary intent of this publication is to make available a listing of CARES fish from the CARES membership to those that may be searching for CARES species. The Cichlid Room Companion is the most It is important to understand that all transac- comprehensive website for reliable cichlid tions are between the buyer and seller and information in the world. For all things cich- CARES in no way moderates any exchanges lid, including information, photos, and videos including shipping problems, refunds, or bad on most CARES Priority List species, visit blood between the two parties. This directo- CRC at www.cichlidae.com. ry merely provides an avenue to which CARES fish may be located. As with all sales, be certain that all the elements of the The CARES Family exchange are worked out before purchasing American Cichlid Association or shipping. Aquarium Club of Lancaster County Brooklyn Aquarium Society No hybrids will knowingly be listed. Capital Cichlid Association Chatham-Kent Aquarium Society There is no cost to place a for sale ad. Your Cichlid Club of York ad may be submitted by contacting the editor, Columbus Area Fish Enthusiasts Greg Steeves, at [email protected]. Danbury Area Aquarium Society Durham Region Aquarium Society If your organization is interested in partici- Federation of Texas Aquarium Societies pating in CARES, review the CARES Startup Grand Valley Aquarium Club tab on the website CARESforfish.org, then Greater Cincinnati Aquarium Society contact Klaus Steinhaus at Greater City Aquarium Society [email protected]. -
Checklist of the Cichlid Fishes of Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa)
Checklist of the Cichlid Fishes of Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa/Niassa) by M.K. Oliver, Ph.D. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Checklist of the Cichlid Fishes of Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa/Niassa) by Michael K. Oliver, Ph.D. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University Updated 24 June 2020 First posted June 1999 The cichlids of Lake Malawi constitute the largest vertebrate species flock and largest lacustrine fish fauna on earth. This list includes all cichlid species, and the few subspecies, that have been formally described and named. Many–several hundred–additional endemic cichlid species are known but still undescribed, and this fact must be considered in assessing the biodiversity of the lake. Recent estimates of the total size of the lake’s cichlid fauna, counting both described and known but undescribed species, range from 700–843 species (Turner et al., 2001; Snoeks, 2001; Konings, 2007) or even 1000 species (Konings 2016). Additional undescribed species are still frequently being discovered, particularly in previously unexplored isolated locations and in deep water. The entire Lake Malawi cichlid metaflock is composed of two, possibly separate, endemic assemblages, the “Hap” group and the Mbuna group. Neither has been convincingly shown to be monophyletic. Membership in one or the other, or nonendemic status, is indicated in the checklist below for each genus, as is the type species of each endemic genus. The classification and synonymies are primarily based on the Catalog of Fishes with a few deviations. All synonymized genera and species should now be listed under their senior synonym. Nearly all species are endemic to L. Malawi, in some cases extending also into the upper Shiré River including Lake Malombe and even into the middle Shiré. -
Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa Vol. 1
kdJU iS. 'k'.d J5ortIjent i&fjobestfa Joint Fisheries Research Organisation ANNUAL REPORT No. 10 i960 Price: 7s. 6d. yitaA A v i £ 9- O 1962 PRINTED BY THE GOVERNMENT PRINTER tn.75—1185 1-02 L U S A K A luirJuy&lg, Sfzt/?/ CONTENTS St a f f a n d C o m m it t e e s , 1960 .................................................................................. iii I ntroduction ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 A c t iv it ie s o f t h e O rganisation in N o r t h e r n R h o d e s ia : A. Report for the year ended 31st December, 1960 ... ... ... ... 3 B. Research Results, Lake Tanganyika: I. Hydrology and Plankton ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7 II. The sardine (Ndagaa) fishery on southern Lake Tanganyika, with notes on the introduction of the Chirimila net ... ... ... 9 III. The sardines Limnothrissa miodon (Blgr) and Stolothrissa tanganicae Regan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 IV. Shoaling and vertical migration behaviour of the sardines, as recorded by echo-sounding ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20 V. Diurnal and vertical migrations of fish, and effect of predation ... 23 VI. The gill-net fishery for the Nile perch Lates mariae ... ... ... 27 VII. Observations on the growth of juvenile Lates (Nile perch) species ... 30 C. Research on Lake Mweru ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 31 D. Research on Kariba ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 32 A c t iv it ie s o f t h e O rganisation in N y a s a l a n d : A. Report for the year ended 31st December, 1960 ... ... ... ... 41 B. Research Results, Lake Nyasa: I. H ydrology............................................................................................... 41 II. The long-line fishery ........................................................................ 48 III. Further notes on gill-net experiments on Labeo mesops (Gunther) .. -
Brain Diversity Evolves Via Differences in Patterning
Brain diversity evolves via differences in patterning Jonathan B. Sylvestera, Constance A. Richa, Yong-Hwee E. Loha, Moira J. van Staadenb, Gareth J. Fraserc, and J. Todd Streelmana,1 aParker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; bP. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403; and cDepartment of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom Edited by Gene E. Robinson, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, and approved April 11, 2010 (received for review January 11, 2010) Differences in brain region size among species are thought to arise within each compartment undergo neurogenesis, maturing and late in development via adaptive control over neurogenesis, as differentiating into functional neurons. Because brain patterning cells of previously patterned compartments proliferate, die, and/or demarcates one region from another, specific compartments may differentiate into neurons. Here we investigate comparative brain initiate, prolong, and/or terminate neurogenesis independently development in ecologically distinct cichlid fishes from Lake Malawi (1, 5, 6). Given the continuum of patterning and neurogenesis in and demonstrate that brains vary among recently evolved lineages brain development, vertebrate lineages might evolve brain di- because of early patterning. Divergence among rock-dwellers and versity by (i) varying the strength or timing of signals from the sand-dwellers in the relative size of the telencephalon versus the ANR and/or MHB; (ii) shifting the position of early patterning thalamus is correlated with gene expression variation in a regulatory boundaries; (iii) altering the timing, rate, or extent of neuro- six3 fezf2 shh irx1b wnt1 circuit (composed of , , , ,and )knownfrom genesis; or (iv) some combination thereof. -
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CICHLIFORMES: Cichlidae (part 2) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 4.0 - 30 April 2021 Order CICHLIFORMES (part 2 of 8) Family CICHLIDAE Cichlids (part 2 of 7) Subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae African Cichlids (Abactochromis through Greenwoodochromis) Abactochromis Oliver & Arnegard 2010 abactus, driven away, banished or expelled, referring to both the solitary, wandering and apparently non-territorial habits of living individuals, and to the authors’ removal of its one species from Melanochromis, the genus in which it was originally described, where it mistakenly remained for 75 years; chromis, a name dating to Aristotle, possibly derived from chroemo (to neigh), referring to a drum (Sciaenidae) and its ability to make noise, later expanded to embrace cichlids, damselfishes, dottybacks and wrasses (all perch-like fishes once thought to be related), often used in the names of African cichlid genera following Chromis (now Oreochromis) mossambicus Peters 1852 Abactochromis labrosus (Trewavas 1935) thick-lipped, referring to lips produced into pointed lobes Allochromis Greenwood 1980 allos, different or strange, referring to unusual tooth shape and dental pattern, and to its lepidophagous habits; chromis, a name dating to Aristotle, possibly derived from chroemo (to neigh), referring to a drum (Sciaenidae) and its ability to make noise, later expanded to embrace cichlids, damselfishes, dottybacks and wrasses (all perch-like fishes once thought to be related), often used in the names of African cichlid genera following Chromis (now Oreochromis) mossambicus Peters 1852 Allochromis welcommei (Greenwood 1966) in honor of Robin Welcomme, fisheries biologist, East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization (Jinja, Uganda), who collected type and supplied ecological and other data Alticorpus Stauffer & McKaye 1988 altus, deep; corpus, body, referring to relatively deep body of all species Alticorpus geoffreyi Snoeks & Walapa 2004 in honor of British carcinologist, ecologist and ichthyologist Geoffrey Fryer (b. -
Depth Segregation and Diet Disparity Revealed by Stable Isotope Analyses
Hata et al. Zoological Letters (2015) 1:15 DOI 10.1186/s40851-015-0016-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Depth segregation and diet disparity revealed by stable isotope analyses in sympatric herbivorous cichlids in Lake Tanganyika Hiroki Hata1*, Jyunya Shibata2,3, Koji Omori2, Masanori Kohda4 and Michio Hori5 Abstract Background: Lake Tanganyika in the African Great Rift Valley is known as a site of adaptive radiation in cichlid fishes. Diverse herbivorous fishes coexist on a rocky littoral of the lake. Herbivorous cichlids have acquired multiple feeding ecomorphs, including grazer, browser, scraper, and scooper, and are segregated by dietary niche. Within each ecomorph, however, multiple species apparently coexist sympatrically on a rocky slope. Previous observations of their behavior show that these cichlid species inhabit discrete depths separated by only a few meters. In this paper, using carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope ratios as markers, we followed the nutritional uptake of cichlid fishes from periphyton in their feeding territories at various depths. Results: δ15N of fish muscles varied among cichlid ecomorphs; this was significantly lower in grazers than in browsers and scoopers, although δ15N levels in periphyton within territories did not differ among territorial species. This suggests that grazers depend more directly on primary production of periphyton, while others ingest animal matter from higher trophic levels. With respect to δ13C, only plankton eaters exhibited lower values, suggesting that these fishes depend on production of phytoplankton, while the others depend on production of periphyton. Irrespective of cichlid ecomorph, δ13C of periphyton correlated significantly with habitat depth, and decreased as habitat depth became deeper.