Nedm at SNS Sensitivity 2 X 10-28 E-Cm

Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrinos

Status of Targeted Initiatives Krishna Kumar Stony Brook University

NSAC Meeting, Rockville, MD, June 2, 2017

This talk would not have been possible without a great deal of input from many Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrinos colleagues

Tremendous activity level: will only hit high points on slides; strongly encourage looking them over later for full details! Fundamental Symmetries in Nuclear Science Connections to Big Questions Nuclear Science Fundamental Symmetries experiments probe early universe dynamics often inaccessible in High Energy Physics and Astrophysics

V. Cirigliano

Axion searches

Status of FS&N Initiatives 2 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrinos Observables at scales much lower than the scale of EW Symmetry Breaking Dynamics in the Early Universe

1 1 E = + 5 + 6 + L LSM L 2 L ···

Λ (~TeV) SM amplitudes higher dimensional operators precisely predicted can be systematically classiﬁed MW,Z (100 GeV) Dark Sector

courtesy V. Cirigliano, (coupling)-1 H. Maruyama, M. Pospelov M. Ramsey-Musolf Discoveries and Insights about Big Questions

Status of FS&N Initiatives 3 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrinos Observables at scales much lower than the scale of EW Symmetry Breaking Dynamics in the Early Universe

1 1 E = + 5 + 6 + L LSM L 2 L ···

Λ (~TeV) SM amplitudes higher dimensional operators precisely predicted can be systematically classiﬁed MW,Z (100 GeV) Dark Sector

courtesy V. Cirigliano, (coupling)-1 H. Maruyama, M. Pospelov M. Ramsey-Musolf Discoveries and Insights about Big Questions

Measurements push several experimental parameters to the extreme such as intensity, luminosity, volume, radio-purity, resolution, precision, accuracy....

Status of FS&N Initiatives 3 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrinos Observables at scales much lower than the scale of EW Symmetry Breaking Dynamics in the Early Universe

1 1 E = + 5 + 6 + L LSM L 2 L ···

Λ (~TeV) SM amplitudes higher dimensional operators precisely predicted can be systematically classiﬁed MW,Z (100 GeV) Dark Sector

courtesy V. Cirigliano, (coupling)-1 H. Maruyama, M. Pospelov M. Ramsey-Musolf Discoveries and Insights about Big Questions

Measurements push several experimental parameters to the extreme such as intensity, luminosity, volume, radio-purity, resolution, precision, accuracy.... In most cases, observables exploit a symmetry principle Status of FS&N Initiatives 3 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Long Range Plan Context RECOMMENDATION I The progress achieved under the guidance of the 2007 Long Range Plan has reinforced U.S. world leadership in nuclear science. The highest priority in this 2015 Plan is to capitalize on the investments made. The targeted program of fundamental symmetries and neutrino research that opens new doors to physics beyond the Standard Model must be sustained. Initiative for Detector Development We recommend vigorous detector and accelerator R&D in support of the neutrinoless double beta decay program and the EIC.

Status of FS&N Initiatives 4 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Long Range Plan Context RECOMMENDATION I RECOMMENDATION II The progress achieved under the guidance of the 2007 Long Range Plan has reinforced U.S. world leadership The excess of matter over antimatter in the universe is in nuclear science. The highest priority in this 2015 one of the most compelling mysteries in all of science. Plan is to capitalize on the investments made. The observation of neutrinoless double beta decay in nuclei would immediately demonstrate that neutrinos The targeted program of fundamental symmetries are their own antiparticles and would have profound and neutrino research that opens new doors to implications for our understanding of the matter- physics beyond the Standard Model must be antimatter mystery. sustained. We recommend the timely development and Initiative for Detector Development deployment of a U.S.-led ton-scale neutrinoless double We recommend vigorous detector and accelerator R&D beta decay experiment. in support of the neutrinoless double beta decay program and the EIC.

THE QUEST TO UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF NEUTRINOS ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENTS • Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay • Neutrino Mass, Mixing, and Other Puzzles

FURTHER PROBES OF THE NEW STANDARD MODEL EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES • Precision Muon Physics • Precision Neutron and Nuclear Decays

• Parity Violating Electron Scattering • Hadronic Parity Violation THEORETICAL EFFORT • Dark Photons and Hidden Sectors Status of FS&N Initiatives 4 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0��) and Lepton Number Violation (LNV)

Neutrinos have mass! Are Neutrinos Their A conserved Lepton _Number L defined by— L(ν) = L(e–) = –L(ν) = –L(e+) = 1 may not exist. Own Anti-Particles? _ If it does not, then nothing distinguishes νi from νi (Dirac or Majorana?)

Status of FS&N Initiatives 5 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0��) and Lepton Number Violation (LNV)

eL-

W- Majorana neutrino 2n mass term νR eL-

0νββ νL W- “Neutrino mass mechanism” for double beta decay 2p Forbidden if neutrino mass is Dirac only (violates lepton number conservation). Status of FS&N Initiatives 5 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0��) and Lepton Number Violation (LNV)

eL-

W- Majorana neutrino 2n mass term νR eL-

0νββ νL W- “Neutrino mass mechanism” • Higgs mechanism may not be the for double beta decay responsible for neutrino masses • Leptogenesis might be responsible 2p for the matter-antimatter Forbidden if neutrino mass is Dirac only asymmetry in the universe (violates lepton number conservation). Status of FS&N Initiatives 5 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay R&D Towards the Ton-Scale US leadership sets up exploration of optimum paths to major discoveries

Ionization • 100 kg class experiments currently taking data Crystals: Tracking & Cal: • GERDA In parallel, major R&D under way to determine the SuperNEMO optimum path to discovery at the ton-scale MAJORANA LEGEND

TPC: EXO-200 nEXO NEXT PandaX

Scintillation Phonons Liquid: CUPID (LUCIFER Bolometer: KamLAND ZEN LUMINEU, …) CUORE SNO+

Status of FS&N Initiatives 6 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay R&D Towards the Ton-Scale US leadership sets up exploration of optimum paths to major discoveries

Light sterile ν’s

1/Coupling Status of FS&N Initiatives 6 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay R&D Towards the Ton-Scale US leadership sets up exploration of optimum paths to major discoveries

TPC: EXO-200 nEXO NEXT PandaX V. Cirigliano M “Standard Scintillation Phonons Mechanism” Liquid: CUPID (LUCIFER Bolometer: (high-scale see-saw) KamLAND ZEN LUMINEU, …) CUORE Left-Right SM SNO+ RPV SUSY vEW ... 27-28 • Ton-scale 0νββ searches (T1/2 >10 yr) probe at unprecedented levels LNV from a variety of mechanisms Light sterile ν’s • If light Majorana neutrinos are responsible for 0νββ, then absolute neutrino mass scale determination within 1/Coupling reach of ton-scale experiments Status of FS&N Initiatives 6 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay R&D Towards the Ton-Scale US leadership sets up exploration of optimum paths to major discoveries

Ionization • 100 kg class experiments currently taking data Crystals: Tracking & Cal: • GERDA High In parallel, major R&D under way to determine the SuperNEMO optimum path to discovery at the ton-scale MAJORANA probability of LEGEND discovery independent of TPC: neutrino mass EXO-200 ordering! nEXO NEXT 1705.02996 PandaX V. Cirigliano M “Standard Scintillation Phonons Mechanism” Liquid: CUPID (LUCIFER Bolometer: (high-scale see-saw) KamLAND ZEN LUMINEU, …) CUORE Left-Right SM SNO+ RPV SUSY vEW ... 27-28 • Ton-scale 0νββ searches (T1/2 >10 yr) probe at unprecedented levels LNV from a variety of mechanisms Light sterile ν’s • If light Majorana neutrinos are responsible for 0νββ, then absolute neutrino mass scale determination within 1/Coupling reach of ton-scale experiments Status of FS&N Initiatives 6 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay R&D Towards the Ton-Scale US leadership sets up exploration of optimum paths to major discoveries

Ionization • 100 kg class experiments currently taking data Crystals: Tracking & Cal: • GERDA High In parallel, major R&D under way to determine the SuperNEMO optimum path to discovery at the ton-scale MAJORANA probability of LEGEND discovery independent of 76 130 136 TPC: neutrino mass Ge, Te, Xe EXO-200 ordering! nEXO NEXT 1705.02996 PandaX V. Cirigliano M “Standard Scintillation Phonons Mechanism” Liquid: CUPID (LUCIFER Bolometer: (high-scale see-saw) KamLAND ZEN LUMINEU, …) CUORE Left-Right SM SNO+ RPV SUSY vEW ... 27-28 • Ton-scale 0νββ searches (T1/2 >10 yr) probe at unprecedented levels LNV from a variety of mechanisms Light sterile ν’s • If light Majorana neutrinos are responsible for 0νββ, then absolute neutrino mass scale determination within 1/Coupling reach of ton-scale experiments Status of FS&N Initiatives 6 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 CUORE CUORE COMMISSIONING TOWERS INSTALLATION CUORE COOL DOWN 130 CUORE Te towers installation JulyThe cool- August down 2016 of the cryostat started in DecemberCUORE/CUPID 2016

Diode thermometer at 10mK plate CUORE detectorsFirst phase using installed fast cooling, then fast 300 cooling and pulse tubes, CUORE start of operations then pulse tubes only 250 Cooldown Dec 2016-Jan 2017

200 pumping Last phase after the exchange

pause dedicated to T (K) 150 gas in IVC electronics optimisation The 19 towers were installed in a was achieve with the radon free clean room. 100 dilution unit, down to It took about one month. electronics base temperature 50 optimization (~7mK) 0 12/05-10:47 12/22-14:10 01/08-17:33 01/25-20:56 Time 15 26.01.2017 Base temperature 7 mK

• CUORE Milestones: 16 • Tower installation: Jul-Aug 2016 • Cryostat closeout: Nov 2016 • Cooldown: Dec-Jan 2016 • Commissioning and initial performance optimization: Jan-May 2017 • First science run: May 2017 • Cryostat performs very well: base T < 7 mK • >95% of detectors operational • First data to be reported in Summer 2017

Status of FS&N Initiatives 7 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 CUORE CUORE COMMISSIONING TOWERS INSTALLATION CUORE COOL DOWN 130 CUORE Te towers installation JulyThe cool- August down 2016 of the cryostat started in DecemberCUORE/CUPID 2016 *+,"')6#'#3'&$)

Diode thermometer at 10mK plate CUORE detectorsFirst phase using installed fast cooling, then fast 300 *+,"') cooling and pulse tubes, CUORE start of operations then pulse tubes only !"#$%&%#'#$() 250 Cooldown Dec 2016-Jan 2017 -.#$,/) 200 pumping $#0#1(#) Last phase after the exchange

pause dedicated to T (K) 150 gas in IVC 23+.40014.,) electronics optimisation 5&0&%#'#$) The 19 towers were installed in a was achieve with the radon free clean room. 100 dilution unit, down to It took about one month. electronics base temperature 50 optimization Next-generation bolometric tonne-scale (~7mK) Figure 3:experiment Operating principle ofbased a scintillating on bolometer.the CUORE The release of energy inside a 0 scintillating crystal follows two channels: light production and thermal excitation. 12/05-10:47 12/22-14:10 01/08-17:33 01/25-20:56 Time design, proven CUORE cryogenics 15 26.01.2017 268 3. The isotopic abundance can be maximized through enrichment (except for Base temperature 7 mK 48 • Intense CUPID R&D269 effortCa with in present the technology); next 2-3 years • CUORE Milestones: 16 270 4. As discussed later in this paper, the background can be minimized with a 271 choice of the isotope and by employing active rejection techniques. ☞ US focus: 130TeO 2 enrichment and purification, • Tower installation: Jul-Aug 2016 272 The CUORE experiment represents the most advanced stage in the use of high-resolution273 bolometers sensors for 0⌅⇥⇥ searches.for Cherenkov CUORE will consist inlight an array of 1000 crystals 130 274 for a total mass of 1 ton of TeO and 200 kg of Te. It is expected to • Cryostat closeout: Nov 2016 2 ☞ 275 be taking data at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in 2015. The Complementary276 sensitivity European of CUORE will dependefforts on the background level, but will likely be • Cooldown: Dec-Jan 2016 277 near 50 meV [44]. In the future CUORE may lead the way toward a few-ton ☞ 278 scale experiment capable of either exploring the entire IH region, or making a Background goal is 0.1 cts/ROI-t-yr;0 achieve 279 precision measurement of T . • Commissioning and initial performance sensitivity to the full Inverted1/2 Hierarchy optimization: Jan-May 2017 280 3.1. Scintillating bolometers ☞ Other important281 In theR&D: previous sectiondetailed we enumerated background the many advantages of using bolome- 282 ters for 0⌅⇥⇥ searches. Among those, we mentioned the possibility to actively • First science run: May 2017 analysis, cosmogenic283 reject radioactive backgrounds background via particle identiﬁcation; @ LNGS this is possible employ- 284 ing scintillating bolometers. • Cryostat performs very well: base T < 7 mK — to be addressed285 Scintillating before bolometers, downselect used in recent years both for 0⌅⇥⇥ [45, 46] and for 286 dark matter [47, 48] searches, provide a mechanism to distinguish interactions 287 (which are part of the background only) from ⇥/⇤ interactions (which can be a • >95% of detectors operational ☞ Worldwide 288efforts:part of both 8 the countries, background and signal). 32 institutions

• First data to be reported in Summer 2017 ☞ Data from CUORE and pilot detectors10 will drive technology and isotope choice Status of FS&N Initiatives 7 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 EXO-200/nEXO 136Xe

EXO-200 Phase II Upgrade Performance (Front End Readout Upgrade) Increased drift field Front end readout upgrade Phase II: Phase-I:1.58% (initial) 1.28% in SS at 0nbb Q-value

Status of FS&N Initiatives 8 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 EXO-200/nEXO 136Xe nEXO: 31 institutions, 145 scientists TPC/Cryostat Concept EXO-200 Phase II Upgrade Performance Charge readout In LXe electronics (Front End Readout Upgrade) strips (charge and SiPMs) Increased (anode) drift field Front end readout upgrade Phase II: Phase-I:1.58% (initial) 1.28% in SS at 0nbb Q-value SiPM `staves’ Cathode plastering barrel behind 1.3 m - field-shaping e drift rings

Background identification/rejection in larger nEXO fully utilizes energy, multiplicity and event position ➔ The power of the homogeneous detector; not just a calorimeter!

Effectively reaches close to 0.1 cnt/ROI-t-yr over signiﬁcant fraction of ﬁducial volume; entire volume used to precisely calibrate backgrounds

10 year 90% C.L. sensitivity reach: T1/2 close to 1028 yr

Status of FS&N Initiatives 8 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 EXO-200/nEXO 136Xe nEXO: 31 institutions, 145 scientists TPC/Cryostat Concept Prototype cathode strip readout EXO-200 Phase II Upgrade Performance Charge readout In LXe electronics in liquid xenon: self-supporting, (Front End Readout Upgrade) strips (charge and SiPMs) silica base Increased (anode) drift field Front end readout upgrade Phase II: Phase-I:1.58% (initial) 1.28% in SS at 0nbb Q-value SiPM `staves’ Cathode plastering barrel behind 1.3 m - field-shaping e drift rings

Background identification/rejection in larger nEXO Significant R&D in progress: fully utilizes energy, multiplicity and event position • High Voltage ➔ The power of the homogeneous detector; not just a calorimeter! • VUV SiPMs Effectively reaches close to 0.1 cnt/ROI-t-yr over significant fraction of • cold electronics fiducial volume; entire volume used to precisely calibrate backgrounds • TPC internals • novel calibration techniques 1/2 28 • ultralow background materials 10 year 90% C.L. sensitivity reach: T close to 10 yr

Status of FS&N Initiatives 8 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 MAJORANA Demonstrator 76Ge & LEGEND DEMONSTRATORDS3 & DS4operating (Enriched - High underground Gain) at 4850’ Sanford Underground Research Facility 10−1

M1 + M2 (All cuts, 1937 kg-days) • MAJORANA 76Ge enriched point contact detectors 10−2 - have attained the best energy resolution (2.4 keV FWHM at Counts/keV/kg/day 2039 keV) of any ββ-decay experiment. Q value - excellent signal/background pulse shape discrimination 10−3 • The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR and GERDA are taking data in the “background free” regime having by an order of magnitude the lowest demonstrated backgrounds in the ﬁeld. 10−4 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Energy (keV)

9 Status of FS&N Initiatives 9 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 MAJORANA Demonstrator 76Ge & LEGEND DEMONSTRATORDS3 & DS4operating (Enriched - High underground Gain) at 4850’ Sanford Underground Research Facility 10−1

LEGEND (47 institutions, 219 scientists) •Goal: exposure of 10 t y; background of 0.1 c / (FWHM t y); •Best technologies from GERDA and the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR •A phased implementation; e.g. 200 → 500 → 1000 kg •LEGEND 200 uses existing resources to expedite physics. •LEGEND 1000 baseline design established •Only a factor ~x30 improvement needed from current backgrounds. Obtained by combining DEMONSTRATOR ultra-clean materials and GERDA active shield. LEGEND 200 •Coupled with excellent energy resolution 76Ge has a discovery @Gran Sasso potential at a half-life signiﬁcantly longer than 1027 years. LEGEND 1000 9 Status of FS&N Initiatives 9 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Towards Absolute Neutrino Mass Determination KATRIN & Project 8 KATRIN timeline • October 2016 - First light Electrons traverse the 70 meter length of KATRIN First operation of entire beam line • July 2017 – 83mKr Spectrum Precision measurement of a nuclear standard Test scanning principles of tritium operation Prototype of sterile neutrino search • April 2018 – Beginning of tritium operation Goal: 350 meV discovery potential 200 meV sensitivity Probe quasi-degenerate region

Status of FS&N Initiatives 10 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Towards Absolute Neutrino Mass Determination KATRIN & Project 8 KATRIN timeline • October 2016 - First light Electrons traverse the 70 meter length of KATRIN First operation of entire beam line • July 2017 – 83mKr Spectrum Precision measurement of a nuclear standard Test scanning principles of tritium operation Prototype of sterile neutrino search • April 2018 – Beginning of tritium operation Goal: 350 meV discovery potential 200 meV sensitivity Probe quasi-degenerate region Region of interest near the 32 keV lines Project 8 Phase II (bins are 0.5 eV wide) Waveguide Prototype Project 8 timeline Natural line widths: 1.99 &1.66 eV; Observed FWHM 3.6 eV Separation is 7.7 eV • Currently commissioning Phases and Goals of Project 8 Phase II waveguide prototype with 83mKr. • First tritium operations in Summer 2017. • Phase III design ongoing • Early R&D for Phase IV with atomic tritium

Status of FS&N Initiatives 10 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 D S Electric Dipole Moments Current published limits P T • Trapped Neutrons: -26 • dn < 3 x 10 e-cm (Institut Laue-Langevin) • Diamagnetic Atom: 199Hg -30 A permanent EDM violates • dHg < 7 x 10 e-cm (U. Washington) High energy CP- both parity (P) and time- • Paramagnetic Polar Molecule:ThO violating dynamics reversal (T) Invariance -28 • de < 1 x 10 e-cm (ACME Collaboration) • A non-zero EDM of an elementary particle would constitute direct observation of non-conservation of Time Reversal Invariance • Standard Model signal highly suppressed (< 10-34 e-cm) • Next generation experiments probe scales of 100 to 1000 TeV for new physics • Probe key ingredient of baryogengesis (Standard Model “CKM” insufﬁcient) • Important to search for EDMs for a variety of elementary particles

Status of FS&N Initiatives 11 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 D S Electric Dipole Moments Current published limits P T • Trapped Neutrons: -26 • dn < 3 x 10 e-cm (Institut Laue-Langevin) • Diamagnetic Atom: 199Hg -30 A permanent EDM violates • dHg < 7 x 10 e-cm (U. Washington) High energy CP- both parity (P) and time- • Paramagnetic Polar Molecule:ThO violating dynamics reversal (T) Invariance -28 • de < 1 x 10 e-cm (ACME Collaboration) • A non-zero EDM of an elementary particle would constitute direct observation of non-conservation of Time Reversal Invariance • Standard Model signal highly suppressed (< 10-34 e-cm) • Next generation experiments probe scales of 100 to 1000 TeV for new physics • Probe key ingredient of baryogengesis (Standard Model “CKM” insufﬁcient) • Important to search for EDMs for a variety of elementary particles

US Groups are involved in a variety of next generation efforts: paramagnetic molecules, diamagnetic atoms, charged particle traps and ultra-cold trapped neutrons (UCN)

The race to a factor of 100 better sensitivity: the nEDM experiment at the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline (FNPB) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Status of FS&N Initiatives 11 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 nEDM at SNS Sensitivity 2 x 10-28 e-cm

In-situ UCN production, polarized 3He co-magnetometer, superconducting magnetic shield, simultaneous measurements in 2 cells with opposite E-fields, variation of central volume temperature…

Status of FS&N Initiatives 12 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 nEDM at SNS Sensitivity 2 x 10-28 e-cm

In-situ UCN production, polarized 3He co-magnetometer, superconducting magnetic shield, simultaneous measurements in 2 cells with opposite E-fields, variation of central volume temperature…

• 2014-2017: Critical Component Demonstration (CCD) phase is nearing completion • Build working, full-scale, prototypes of technically- challenging subsystems (can use some in full experiment) • 4yr National Science Foundation funds 4.5M$ for CCD • Department of Energy commitment of 1.8M$/yr for CCD • 2018-2021: Large Sale Integration (LSI) and Conventional Component Procurement (CCP) • LSI – Integrate Central Detector, Magnets and 3He systems • CCP – Includes Neutron Guide, Magnetic Shield, He Liquefier, etc • 2022: Begin Commissioning and Data-taking

Status of FS&N Initiatives 12 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 nEDM at SNS Sensitivity 2 x 10-28 e-cm

In-situ UCN production, polarized 3He co-magnetometer, superconducting magnetic shield, simultaneous measurements in 2 cells with opposite E-fields, variation of central volume temperature…

• 2014-2017: Critical Component Demonstration (CCD) phase is nearing completion Thin-film-coated acrylic electrodes fabricated • Build working, full-scale, prototypes of technically- and tested to 80 kV/cm challenging subsystems (can use some in full experiment) • 4yr National Science Foundation funds 4.5M$ for CCD • Department of Energy commitment of 1.8M$/yr for CCD • 2018-2021: Large Sale Integration (LSI) and Conventional Component Procurement (CCP) • LSI – Integrate Central Detector, Magnets and 3He systems • CCP – Includes Neutron Guide, Magnetic Shield, He Liquefier, etc • 2022: Begin Commissioning and Data-taking

Status of FS&N Initiatives 12 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 nEDM at SNS Sensitivity 2 x 10-28 e-cm

In-situ UCN production, polarized 3He co-magnetometer, superconducting magnetic shield, simultaneous measurements in 2 cells with opposite E-fields, variation of central volume temperature…

• 2014-2017: Critical Component Demonstration (CCD) phase is nearing completion Thin-film-coated acrylic electrodes fabricated • Build working, full-scale, prototypes of technically- and tested to 80 kV/cm challenging subsystems (can use some in full experiment) • 4yr National Science Foundation funds 4.5M$ for CCD • Department of Energy commitment of 1.8M$/yr for CCD • 2018-2021: Large Sale Integration (LSI) and Conventional Component Procurement (CCP) non-magnetic • LSI – Integrate Central Detector, Magnets and 3He systems dilution • CCP – Includes Neutron Guide, Magnetic Shield, He refrigerator Liquefier, etc under construction • 2022: Begin Commissioning and Data-taking

Status of FS&N Initiatives 12 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Highly sensitive probe of new physics at the TeV scale Muon g-2 In the 12 years since the BNL result, the “g-2 Test” continues to point to something interesting FUTURE

E821 FINAL VALUE x4 Thy) –

Expt 3.6 s (

µ e a D x2? Theory almost there now 2006 Momentum 2011 Spin 2009 2004 Proposal 2016 2007 2011 π γ Z µ µ π

Status of FS&N Initiatives 13 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Highly sensitive probe of new physics at the TeV scale

DOE-NP Nuclear Physics Groups Muon g-2 • Washington • Massachusetts In the 12 years since the BNL result, the “g-2 NSF Nuclear Physics Groups • Kentucky (2 groups) Test” continues to point to something interesting • Michigan FUTURE • Virginia • Regis • James Madison E821 FINAL VALUE x4 Additional Funding

Thy) • NSF MRI for wa instrumentation –

Expt 3.6 s (

µ e a D x2? Theory almost there now 2006 Momentum 2011 Spin 2009 2004 Proposal 2016 2007 2011 π Commissioning NOW with beam to Storage Ring γ Z µ µ π Major Nuclear Physics group imprint on experiment, especially measuring instrumentation and analysis development

Status of FS&N Initiatives 13 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Highly sensitive probe of new physics at the TeV scale

Thy) • NSF MRI for wa instrumentation –

Expt 3.6 s (

•Plan to obtain BNL-level statistics by early 2018 and have first physics result in summer 2018 •Then 5x BNL, then 25x BNL in coming year(s)

Status of FS&N Initiatives 13 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 MuSun and MUSE • Achieved full statistics and systematics tests as planned; analysis in progress MuSun • Goal: @ PSI • Determine axial current coupling to 2N system • Method: • Measure µd capture rate to 1.5% • Extract Low Energy Constant in EFT, dR • Relevance Data taking • Calibrate fundamental astrophysics reactions completed Fall 2016 • Important for EFT formulation of nuclear physics • Matrix elements for 0ν2β decay

Status of FS&N Initiatives 14 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 MuSun and MUSE • Achieved full statistics and systematics tests as planned; analysis in progress MuSun • Goal: @ PSI • Determine axial current coupling to 2N system • Method: • Measure µd capture rate to 1.5% • Extract Low Energy Constant in EFT, dR • Relevance Data taking • Calibrate fundamental astrophysics reactions completed Fall 2016 • Important for EFT formulation of nuclear physics • Matrix elements for 0ν2β decay MUSE: Approved and under construction • Impact on resolution of the “proton radius puzzle” • NSF Midscale Award in September 2016 Hydrogen • Status: spectroscopy • Several beam tests Electron scattering • Tests of detectors and electronics • Target design in progress Muonic atom • Integration and alignment planning

• Dress rehearsal late 2017 MUSE • physics running in 2018/19

Status of FS&N Initiatives 14 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Precision Semi-leptonic Charged Current Interactions aCORN Neutron Beta Decay Beta decay provides post-LHC-level constraints on BSM interactions and critical input for BBN and astrophysics

Experiments now operating or under construction approaching 0+→ 0+ level of precision Lifetime Angular Correlations, e.g. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 dW é p × p m J æ p p p ´ p öù µ p E (E - E )2 ê1+ a e n + b e + n ×ç A e + B n + D e n ÷ú & dW dW dE e e 0 e E E E J ç E E E E ÷ t n e n e ëê e n e n è e n e n øûú zero in SM functions of gA/gV to leading order

NIST BL2 and BL3 (absolute n flux measurement shown)

UCNτ UCNA Source upgrades successful at Nab NIST (CN) and LANL (UCN)! Status of FS&N Initiatives 15 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Neutron Decays: Recent Progress

Beam lifetime 2 at NIST •Detector efficiency improvement: allows 1 second beam lifetime measurement; path to <0.3 s •Currently on NGC beamline: commissioning Summer 17, then 2 year production run

UCN� at LANL 2016-17 data unblinded! statistical uncertainty at 0.6 s

publication imminent

systematic corrections small: anticipate further improvements

Status of FS&N Initiatives 16 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Neutron Decays: Recent Progress aCORN at NIST •NG6 and NGC beam line data taking completed •NG6 result submitted to PRL: • a = −0.1090±0.0030(stat)±0.0028(sys) •NGC data analysis: final uncertainty < 1.5% Beam lifetime 2 at NIST •Detector efficiency improvement: allows 1 second beam lifetime measurement; path to <0.3 s •Currently on NGC beamline: commissioning Summer 17, then 2 year production run

UCNA at LANL UCN� at LANL 2016-17 data 2010 data: unblinded! First angular correlation using UCNs statistical 2011-13 data unblinding imminent: uncertainty at 0.6 s targeting precision below 0.7% publication Preparations: Nab at SNS imminent •Δa/a=1e-3 •Δb/b=3e-3 systematic corrections •Magnet ships end of summer 2017 small: anticipate •Spectrometer commissioning in 2018 further improvements •2 years of production data taking Status of FS&N Initiatives 16 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Hadronic Parity Violation • Hadronic weak interaction is poorly understood • Not accessible directly due to presence of strong force • Accessible at low momentum transfers through PV measurements • Multiple measurements isolate individual low energy weak couplings

Status of FS&N Initiatives 17 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Hadronic Parity Violation • Hadronic weak interaction is poorly understood • Not accessible directly due to presence of strong force • Accessible at low momentum transfers through PV measurements • Multiple measurements isolate individual low energy weak couplings

NPDGamma @ SNS

• n + p → d + γ (isolates ΔI=1, long-range) • Data taking and analysis completed • Manuscript with main result in preparation • Uncertainty of <1.35e-8

NPDGamma @ SNS

• n + p → d + γ (isolates ΔI=1, long-range) • Data taking and analysis completed • Manuscript with main result in preparation • Uncertainty of <1.35e-8

10 Gauss n-He-3 @ SNS FnPB cold Super-mirror solenoid • n +3He → 3H + p neutron guide polarizer • Data taking completed, analysis in final stages,

manuscript in preparation 3 He Beam RF spin 3He target / • Uncertainty of ~1.0e-8 Monitor Flipper ion chamber FNPB n3He detector Status of FS&N Initiatives 17 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Semi-leptonic and purely leptonic neutral weak interactions at low energy Parity-ViolatingPVeS Experiment Summary Electron Scattering Pioneering Nuclear Studies (1998-future) 100% 10-4 S.M. Study (2003-2012) 10% S.M. Design/Planning S.M. Future E122 1% Past Results -5 2 decades of ground- PVDIS-6 10 G0 breaking experiments • Stringent limits on strange quark form factors at JLab Mainz-Be SAMPLE H-I -6 SOLID 0.1% • Neutron skin result by PREX-I: 200+ citations

) 10 G0 A4 MIT-12C PV A4 H-III • PVDIS: first non-zero axial-vector e-q Z coupling A4

(A H-He -7 δ 10 H-II PREX-I CREX E158 PREX-II -8 10 Qweak ILC-Moller continuous MESA-12C -9 interplay: hadron 10 MOLLER physics vs MESA-P2 electroweak physics 10-10 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 State of the Art APV • sub-part per billion statistical reach and systematic control Steady improvements in JLab accelerator and detector technology • sub-1% normalization control

Status of FS&N Initiatives 18 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Semi-leptonic and purely leptonic neutral weak interactions at low energy Parity-ViolatingPVeS Experiment Summary Electron Scattering Pioneering Nuclear Studies (1998-future) 100% 10-4 S.M. Study (2003-2012) 10% S.M. Design/Planning S.M. Future E122 1% Past Results -5 2 decades of ground- PVDIS-6 10 G0 breaking experiments • Stringent limits on strange quark form factors at JLab Mainz-Be SAMPLE H-I -6 SOLID 0.1% • Neutron skin result by PREX-I: 200+ citations

) 10 G0 A4 MIT-12C PV A4 H-III • PVDIS: first non-zero axial-vector e-q Z coupling A4

(A H-He -7 δ 10 H-II PREX-I CREX • successful completion of Qweak E158 PREX-II -8 10 Qweak Recent •result unblinded ILC-Moller continuous Progress •publication and high profile MESA-12C interplay: hadron -9 conference talks being prepared 10 MOLLER physics vs MESA-P2 electroweak physics 10-10 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 State of the Art APV • sub-part per billion statistical reach and systematic control Steady improvements in JLab accelerator and detector technology • sub-1% normalization control

) 10 G0 A4 MIT-12C PV A4 H-III • PVDIS: first non-zero axial-vector e-q Z coupling A4

PREX-II and CREX: anticipated results of broad interest 12 GeV Era • • MOLLER and SoLID: leverages upgraded beam to enable unprecedented (the future): sensitivity for physics beyond the Standard Model Status of FS&N Initiatives 18 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Pre-R&D in progress: tremendous enthusiasm and broad interest MOLLER & SOLID at JLab MOLLER Concept = 7.5 TeV g2 g2 | RR LL| MOLLER discovery reach at level of future linear colliders for four-lepton operators

•CD-0 awarded in Dec. 2016 •reports submitted on backgrounds and theoretical uncertainty •pre-R&D: technical feasibility, design choices and risk reduction

Status of FS&N Initiatives 19 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Pre-R&D in progress: tremendous enthusiasm and broad interest MOLLER & SOLID at JLab MOLLER Concept = 7.5 TeV g2 g2 | RR LL| MOLLER discovery reach at level of future linear colliders for four-lepton operators

•CD-0 awarded in Dec. 2016 •reports submitted on backgrounds and theoretical uncertainty •pre-R&D: technical feasibility, design choices and risk reductionSoLID CLEO PVDIS

- - SoLID Concept e e Cherenkov * * EM Calorimeter Z γ (forward angle) N X GEM Baffle GEM

Target Leptophobic Z’

Coil and Yoke

2 δ(sin θW) = ± 0.00023 (stat.) ± 0.00012 (syst.) •CD-0 awarded in Dec. 2016 ~ 0.1% •reports submitted on backgrounds and theoretical uncertainty e+e- colliders LEP and SLC Prediction for •pre-R&D: technical feasibility, design 125 GeV Higgs! choices and risk reductionSoLID CLEO PVDIS collider measurements - - SoLID Concept e e Cherenkov of the weak * * EM Calorimeter Z (forward angle) mixing angle γ N X GEM Baffle GEM low energy Target measurements headed MOLLER Leptophobic Z’ Qweak (Mainz) towards precision of SOLID (JLab) best collider Qweak (JLab) measurement Coil and Yoke Cs APV published E158 Status of FS&N Initiatives 19 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Other Recent Progress Nuclear Weak Decays

• 37K Beta Asymmetry: A� measured to 0.3% (Texas A&M, TRIUMF): PRL submission soon • Progress towards controlling isospin breaking in super-allowed beta decays (Texas A&M) • Published: �-� correlation in 8Li to sub-1%: new limits on tensor currents (ANL) • Progress towards calorimetric measurement of 6He beta spectrum: will enable ﬁrst measurement of 6He weak magnetism and searches for tensor currents (MSU) • Exploration of next-generation 6He tensor current search leveraging Project-8 techniques (UW, ANL, PNNL, NCSU)

Status of FS&N Initiatives 20 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Other Recent Progress Nuclear Weak Decays

Dark Photon Searches: leveraging JLab luminosity Vector portal to the Dark Sector

Status of FS&N Initiatives 20 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017 Conclusion and Outlook

๏ Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrinos in Nuclear Physics addresses big questions about the origin of all matter in the Universe and its implications for the characteristics of the basic forces of Nature

๏ A coherent strategy of targeted initiatives has evolved in three broad areas: ๏ The Quest to Understand the Nature of Neutrinos

๏ The Search for Permanent Electric Dipole Moments

๏ Further Probes of the New Standard Model

๏ A variety of exciting initiatives have “taken off”; interesting results are emerging

๏ The subﬁeld is enthusiastic about the projects on the “runway”, with potential for profound new discoveries and insights into big questions

๏ In the process, we continue to attract and train talented and motivated students who are becoming leaders at universities, national labs and industry

Status of FS&N Initiatives 21 Krishna Kumar, June 2, 2017