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The Hearst Tower: Combining Steam Driven Absorption Cooling with a DOAS/Radiant System

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The Hearst Tower: Combining Steam Driven Absorption Cooling with a DOAS/Radiant System The Hearst Tower: Combining Steam Driven Absorption Cooling with a DOAS/Radiant System Jessica M. Lucas The Pennsylvania State University Department of Architectural Engineering Senior Thesis-Mechanical Option Architecture Hearst Tower 959 Eighth Avenue o 856,000 Square Feet New York, NY o 42 stories, 597 feet tall o Glass and metal curtain Project Team wall façade o Diagrid design features Owner: triangular glass panels Hearst Corporation four stories high o Primarily office space, but Development Manager: will also house an Tishman Speyer auditorium, test kitchens, Properties executive dining hall, and a television studio Architect: Foster and Partners Associate Architect: Adamson Associates Construction Structural Engineer: o December 2004-June Cantor Seinuk 2006 o Expected to earn MEP: LEED gold Flack+Kurtz certification Construction Manager: o Original 6 story Structural System Turner Construction headquarters facade preserved with new Composite steel and Lighting: o tower constructed concrete floor system with George Sexton through center 40 foot column free interior span Mechanical System o Tower is connected to the landmark façade by a o Low temperature air distributed using central horizontal skylighting VAV system system o 4-4000 ton cooling towers serve the chiller plant o Diagrid members are wide o Chiller plant contains 2-1200 ton and 1-400 ton flange rolled steel sections centrifugal chillers connecting at nodes o Radiant floor heating and cooling serves the lobby o The secondary lateral system is a braced frame at the service core Electrical & Lighting o 460/265v, 3 phase, 4 wire system o Utilizes daylighting sensors to control lighting o General lighting system consists of compact fluorescent downlights and linear fluorescent troffers o Atrium utilizes incandescent par38 accent lights Jessica Lucas Mechanical Option www.arche.psu.edu/thesis/eportfolio/current/portfolios/jml385 Jessica Lucas Hearst Tower Mechanical Option New York, NY ________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Cover Page…………………………………………………………………………………i Thesis Abstract ………………………………………………………………………….ii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………........iii Acknowledgements.……………………………………………………………………….1 Introduction………...……………………………………………………………………...2 Executive Summary.………………………………………………………………………3 Project Background………..………………………………………………………………4 Site and Architecture…..…………………………………………………………………..5 Existing Mechanical System..……………………………………………………………..6 Mechanical Depth Absorption Cooling………………………………………………………12 Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems…………………………………………16 Radiant Floor Heating and Cooling……………………………………...24 Combining Steam Driven Absorption Cooling with DOAS/Radiant Floors…….27 System Simulation……………………………………………………….28 First Cost Analysis……………………………………………………….33 Proposed Design Conclusions……………………………………………35 Breadth Work Electrical Breadth………………………………………………………………...37 Existing and Proposed Equipment……………………………………….37 Cost Analysis…………………………………………………………….40 Structural Breadth………………………………………………………………..42 Existing Structural System……………………………………………….42 Procedure for Checking Additional Loading…………………………….44 References………………………………………………………………………………..46 Appendices Appendix A-Calculation Materials…………....…………………………………………..I Appendix B-Equipment Specifications…………………………………………………...II Appendix C-Electrical Breadth Appendix.........................................................................III Appendix D-Structural Breadth Appendix………………………………………………IV iii Jessica Lucas Hearst Tower Mechanical Option New York, NY ________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgements “A successful person is one who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks that others throw at him.” I’d like to take this opportunity to thank those who have thrown those bricks at me. First and foremost I would like to thank the faculty of the Architectural Engineering department at Penn State. We have the number one AE program for a reason and that reason is each of you. Dr. Bahnfleth, Dr. Freihaut, Dr. Jeong, and Dr. Mumma you have each provided an essential piece of the puzzle we call mechanical engineering and have given me a solid foundation for building my professional career. I would also like to thank Paul Reitz of Flack+Kurtz for always taking time to answer my questions. I truly could not have finished thesis without your guidance and expertise. To all of my classmates, especially Jenny, Yulien, Jayme, Ben, and Andrew thank you for putting up with me, mood swings and all. My diploma should have all of your names on it! To Eddie Money for providing some great rock&roll flashbacks in thesis lab. And David Hasselhoff…I’d rather not explain. To my Greta, my twin…taking a two hour phone break from thesis is fine if there’s gossip involved! Thank you for always knowing when I need you most. To my family, whose constant pride and faith in me has always made me want achieve that much more. To my mom and grandma, my two best friends, thank you for always believing in me, even when I didn’t believe in myself. Last and certainly not least, Thomas J, my sanity and strength. I am amazed everyday by the confidence you have in me…if I could only see myself through your eyes. Even in a city of 8 million it will always be you and I. I love you all. God Bless. -1- Jessica Lucas Hearst Tower Mechanical Option New York, NY ________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The senior thesis project is a culmination of five years of study in the Architectural Engineering Program at the Pennsylvania state University. During the first three years in the program, students take courses in four main subject areas, which include: Mechanical Engineering, Structural Engineering, Electrical Engineering/Lighting Design, and Construction Management. After exploring each option, students choose one of the four areas to study in depth during their final two years. The senior year is considered a professional year focusing mainly on the infamous “Senior Thesis.” During the fall semester students are asked to research a building of their choice through a series of three technical assignments. After the completion of the technical assignments, students are asked to propose an alternative design approach for their building. The proposal is carried out through a depth study in the student’s option area and two breadth studies in option areas affected by the proposed system design. The following Thesis report investigates a proposed redesign for the Hearst Tower located in New York City. The main focus of the mechanical depth study is the implementation of Steam Driven Absorption Cooling with a Dedicated Outdoor Air System paralleled by a radiant floor heating and cooling system. The new mechanical system will directly impact the electrical and structural systems of the building and these topics will therefore serve as breadth studies. The main goal of this proposal is to explore the feasibility of such a system with the Hearst Tower and to serve as a learning experience to enhance professional development. The thesis project is solely for educational purposes and in no way reflects error in the original building design. Enjoy… -2- Jessica Lucas Hearst Tower Mechanical Option New York, NY ________________________________________________________________________ Executive Summary The Hearst Tower is an 856,000 square foot office tower designed to consolidate over 2,000 Hearst Corporation employees. The new tower will be constructed along Eighth Avenue between 56th and 57th Street in New York City, which is the site of the original Hearst headquarters built in 1928. The new tower will rise from the center of the original landmark façade and is scheduled for completion by Summer 2006. Since the Hearst Corporation is a media mogul, the new office tower is designed to accommodate a variety of functions under one roof. The 42 stories of the tower will include office space, an auditorium, a full service television studio, executive dining areas, and Good Housekeeping test kitchens. Because of the size of the building and complexity of the current mechanical system, only eleven floors of the tower portion will be considered for the proposed design. The current mechanical system includes a central chilled water plant serving a central low temperature variable air volume (VAV) system. The chiller plant currently contains (2)-12000 ton and (1)-400 ton electric chillers. The office tower is served by (4)-110,000 CFM air handling units that are capable of supplying 100% outdoor air. Heating is provided to the building via a steam to hot water heat exchanger, which subsequently distributes hot water to fan powered VAV boxes located throughout each floor. In accordance with ASHRAE Std. 62-2004, each office floor requires 2326 CFM of outdoor air. The typical cooling load for one floor is 29 tons, while the heating load is 82.7 MBH. This report examines the use of steam driven absorption cooling with a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) paralleled by radiant floors for heating and cooling, in hopes of reducing annual energy costs and improving indoor air quality. It was ultimately determined that the DOAS/radiant system helped reduce the size of major equipment such as chillers and air handling units. The use of steam driven cooling as opposed to electric chillers also helped to save on annual energy costs because of incentives provided by the NYC steam utility, Consolidated Edison. This system is an attractive
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