APPENDIX 1 This East Halkett Wall Taxon Was Completed During a 10
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Ascidian Cannibalism Correlates with Larval Behavior and Adult Distribution
FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. Notice: ©1988 Elsevier Ltd. The final published version of this manuscript is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00220981 and may be cited as: Young, C. M. (1988). Ascidian cannibalism correlates with larval behavior and adult distribution. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 117(1), 9-26. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(88)90068-8 J. Exp. Mar. Bioi. £Col., 1988, Vol. 117, pp. 9-26 9 Elsevier JEM 01042 Ascidian cannibalism correlates with larval behavior and adult distribution Craig M. Young Department ofLarval Ecology. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Fort Pierce, Florida. U.S.A. (Received 24 March 1987; revision received 9 December 1987; accepted 22 December 1987) Abstract: In the San Juan Islands, Washington, solitary ascidians .that occur in dense monospecific aggregations demonstrate gregarious settlement as larvae, whereas species that occur as isolated individuals do not. All gregarious species reject their own eggs and larvae as food, but nongregarious species consume conspecific eggs and larvae. Moreover, the rejection mechanism is species-specific in some cases. Correla tion analysis suggests that species specificity of the rejection response has a basis in siphon diameter, egg density, and larval size, but not in number of oral tentacles, or tentacle branching. One strongly cannibalistic species, Corella inflata Huntsman, avoids consuming its own eggs and newly released tadpoles by a unique brooding mechanism that involves floating eggs, negative geotaxis after hatching, and adult orientation. Key words: Ascidian; Cannibalism; Distribution; Larva; Settlement behavior INTRODUCTION Many sessile marine invertebrates, including filter-feeders such as mussels, oysters, barnacles and ascidians, occur in discrete, dense aggregations. -
Point Lobos Nudibranch Project Topics for Tonight
Point Lobos Nudibranch Project Topics for Tonight • Project Design, Location and Transect Selection • Nudibranch Identification • Species in the Study • Look-alikes • Sampling Techniques and Data Sheets • Q & A Project Design • Project Design, Location and Transect Selection • Science goals are still being defined. • Hope is to maximize the value of any data we collect. • Cover a variety of species and habitats. • Ease of study was also important. • Sites need to be near each other to maximize data collection time. • Sites need to be easy to find. • Transects need to be easy identify for repeatability. • Species covered need to be common and diverse. Locations • We have chosen two areas for study. • The North end of the Middle Reef • The North end of the Hole-in-the-wall Reef • Each reef will be divided into 4 transect zones. • East Wall • North Wall • West Wall • Top (defined as anything with less than 45 degrees of slope. • Actual transect areas are TBD and will need to be surveyed. • Each transect area needs to be roughly the same size • Transects must be easily identifiable. Locations Rationale • Middle Reef and Hole-in-the-wall Reefs are easily locatable underwater. • Both sites have good populations of nudibranchs. • Both sites have diverse habitat areas. • Hole-in-the-wall Reef may be lacking in “top” and North areas. • A survey will help here. • We’re open to other suggestions. Species in the Study • We have 14 species in the study. • All are at least reasonably common in Whaler’s Cove. • They represent a wide variety of species and prey items. -
Appendix 3 Marine Spcies Lists
Appendix 3 Marine Species Lists with Abundance and Habitat Notes for Provincial Helliwell Park Marine Species at “Wall” at Flora Islet and Reef Marine Species at Norris Rocks Marine Species at Toby Islet Reef Marine Species at Maude Reef, Lambert Channel Habitats and Notes of Marine Species of Helliwell Provincial Park Helliwell Provincial Park Ecosystem Based Plan – March 2001 Marine Species at wall at Flora Islet and Reef Common Name Latin Name Abundance Notes Sponges Cloud sponge Aphrocallistes vastus Abundant, only local site occurance Numerous, only local site where Chimney sponge, Boot sponge Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni numerous Numerous, only local site where Chimney sponge, Boot sponge Staurocalyptus dowlingi numerous Scallop sponges Myxilla, Mycale Orange ball sponge Tethya californiana Fairly numerous Aggregated vase sponge Polymastia pacifica One sighting Hydroids Sea Fir Abietinaria sp. Corals Orange sea pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi Numerous Orange cup coral Balanophyllia elegans Abundant Zoanthids Epizoanthus scotinus Numerous Anemones Short plumose anemone Metridium senile Fairly numerous Giant plumose anemone Metridium gigantium Fairly numerous Aggregate green anemone Anthopleura elegantissima Abundant Tube-dwelling anemone Pachycerianthus fimbriatus Abundant Fairly numerous, only local site other Crimson anemone Cribrinopsis fernaldi than Toby Islet Swimming anemone Stomphia sp. Fairly numerous Jellyfish Water jellyfish Aequoria victoria Moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita Lion's mane jellyfish Cyanea capillata Particuilarly abundant -
The Biology of Seashores - Image Bank Guide All Images and Text ©2006 Biomedia ASSOCIATES
The Biology of Seashores - Image Bank Guide All Images And Text ©2006 BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES Shore Types Low tide, sandy beach, clam diggers. Knowing the Low tide, rocky shore, sandstone shelves ,The time and extent of low tides is important for people amount of beach exposed at low tide depends both on who collect intertidal organisms for food. the level the tide will reach, and on the gradient of the beach. Low tide, Salt Point, CA, mixed sandstone and hard Low tide, granite boulders, The geology of intertidal rock boulders. A rocky beach at low tide. Rocks in the areas varies widely. Here, vertical faces of exposure background are about 15 ft. (4 meters) high. are mixed with gentle slopes, providing much variation in rocky intertidal habitat. Split frame, showing low tide and high tide from same view, Salt Point, California. Identical views Low tide, muddy bay, Bodega Bay, California. of a rocky intertidal area at a moderate low tide (left) Bays protected from winds, currents, and waves tend and moderate high tide (right). Tidal variation between to be shallow and muddy as sediments from rivers these two times was about 9 feet (2.7 m). accumulate in the basin. The receding tide leaves mudflats. High tide, Salt Point, mixed sandstone and hard rock boulders. Same beach as previous two slides, Low tide, muddy bay. In some bays, low tides expose note the absence of exposed algae on the rocks. vast areas of mudflats. The sea may recede several kilometers from the shoreline of high tide Tides Low tide, sandy beach. -
Baeria Rocks Ecological Reserve - Subtidal Survey 2018
BC Parks Living Lab for Climate Change and Conservation Final Report (Contract #TP19JHQ008) Baeria Rocks Ecological Reserve - Subtidal Survey 2018 Isabelle M. Côté and Siobhan Gray Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University/ Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre [email protected], [email protected] 8 February 2019 Dive surveys of fish and invertebrates were carried out at Baeria Rocks Ecological Reserve on 7 June 2018, to continue a monitoring effort that began in 2007. Twelve divers (7 students from the Scientific Diving class of the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre (BMSC), two Sci Diving Instructors, two course teaching assistants, and one additional diver) were present. All divers were well trained in survey techniques and identification. On each dive, one diver was assigned to tending duties, leaving 11 divers in the water. Surveys were conducted between 10.00 and 13.30 by five dive teams. Two teams conducted timed roving surveys and three teams conducted transects. As in previous years, the teams were deployed around the north islets for the first dive, and around the south islet for the second dive, alternating roving and transect teams along the shore (Figure 1). Roving survey method Each roving team carried out a 40-50 min roving survey, from a maximum depth of 50 ft (14.5 m) depth (where possible), to the top of the reef, swimming in a semi- systematic zigzag pattern from deep to shallow water. Both divers counted every individual observed of each species listed on an underwater roving survey sheet. When a species was very abundant (i.e. more than ~100 individuals), surveyors recorded numbers as ‘lots’. -
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885
Checklist of the Invertebrate Chordata and the Hemichordata of British Columbia (Tunicates and Acorn Worms) (August, 2009) by Aaron Baldwin, PhD Candidate School of Fisheries and Ocean Science University of Alaska, Fairbanks E-mail [email protected] The following checklist contains species in the chordate subphylum Tunicata and the acorn worms which have been listed as found in British Columbia. This list is certainly incomplete. The taxonomy follows that of the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS database, www.marinespecies.org) and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS, www.itis.gov). For several families and higher taxa I was unable to locate author's names so have left these blank. Common names are mainly from Lamb and Hanby (2005). Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 Subpylum Tunicata Class Ascidacea Nielsen, 1995 Order Entergona Suborder Aplousobranchia Family Cionidae Genus Ciona Fleming, 1822 Ciona savignyi Herdman, 1882 Family Clavelinidae Genus Clavelina Savigny, 1816 Clavelina huntsmani Van Name, 1931 Family Didemnidae Genus Didemnum Savigny, 1816 Didemnum carnulentum Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 Didenmum sp (Lamb and Hanby, 2005) INV Genus Diplosoma Macdonald, 1859 Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841) Genus Trididemnum delle Valle, 1881 Trididemnum alexi Lambert, 2005 Family Holozoidae Genus Distaplia delle Valle, 1881 Distaplia occidentalis Bancroft, 1899 Distaplia smithi Abbot and Trason, 1968 Family Polycitoridae Genus Cystodytes von Drasche, 1884 Cystodytes lobatus (Ritter, 1900) Genus Eudistoma Caullery, 1909 -
Sponge Diversity in Eastern Tropical Pacific Coral Reefs: an Interoceanic
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Sponge diversity in Eastern Tropical Pacifc coral reefs: an interoceanic comparison Received: 20 December 2018 José Luis Carballo1, José Antonio Cruz-Barraza1, Cristina Vega1, Héctor Nava2 & Accepted: 14 June 2019 María del Carmen Chávez-Fuentes2 Published: xx xx xxxx Sponges are an important component of coral reef communities. The present study is the frst devoted exclusively to coral reef sponges from Eastern Tropical Pacifc (ETP). Eighty-seven species were found, with assemblages dominated by very small cryptic patches and boring sponges such as Cliona vermifera; the most common species in ETP reefs. We compared the sponge patterns from ETP reefs, Caribbean reefs (CR) and West Pacifc reefs (WPR), and all have in common that very few species dominate the sponge assemblages. However, they are massive or large sun exposed sponges in CR and WPR, and small encrusting and boring cryptic species in ETP. At a similar depth, CR and WPR had seven times more individuals per m2, and between four (CR) and fve times (WPR) more species per m2 than ETP. Perturbation, at local and large scale, rather than biological factors, seems to explain the low prevalence and characteristics of sponge assemblages in ETP reefs, which are very frequently located in shallow water where excessive turbulence, abrasion and high levels of damaging light occur. Other factors such as the recurrence of large-scale phenomena (mainly El Niño events), age of the reef (younger in ETP), isolation (higher in ETP), difculty to gain recruits from distant areas (higher in ETP), are responsible for shaping ETP sponge communities. -
1 Phylogeny of the Families Pyuridae and Styelidae (Stolidobranchiata
* Manuscript 1 Phylogeny of the families Pyuridae and Styelidae (Stolidobranchiata, Ascidiacea) 2 inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences 3 4 Pérez-Portela Ra, b, Bishop JDDb, Davis ARc, Turon Xd 5 6 a Eco-Ethology Research Unit, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Rua 7 Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal 8 9 b Marine Biological Association of United Kingdom, The Laboratory Citadel Hill, PL1 10 2PB, Plymouth, UK, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth PL4 11 8AA, Plymouth, UK 12 13 c School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522 14 Australia 15 16 d Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC), Accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, Blanes, 17 Girona, E-17300, Spain 18 19 Email addresses: 20 Bishop JDD: [email protected] 21 Davis AR: [email protected] 22 Turon X: [email protected] 23 24 Corresponding author: 25 Rocío Pérez-Portela 26 Eco-Ethology Research Unit, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada (ISPA), Rua 27 Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal 28 Phone: + 351 21 8811226 29 Fax: + 351 21 8860954 30 [email protected] 31 1 32 Abstract 33 34 The Order Stolidobranchiata comprises the families Pyuridae, Styelidae and Molgulidae. 35 Early molecular data was consistent with monophyly of the Stolidobranchiata and also 36 the Molgulidae. Internal phylogeny and relationships between Styelidae and Pyuridae 37 were inconclusive however. In order to clarify these points we used mitochondrial and 38 nuclear sequences from 31 species of Styelidae and 25 of Pyuridae. Phylogenetic trees 39 recovered the Pyuridae as a monophyletic clade, and their genera appeared as 40 monophyletic with the exception of Pyura. -
Comparative Embryology and Larval Biology BI 457/557 OIMB Spring
Comparative Embryology and Larval Biology BI 457/557 ! OIMB Spring 2015 In this class we survey embryonic and larval development in a broad selection of marine invertebrate phyla, including but not limited to Cnidaria (jellyfish), Ctenophora (comb jellies) Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Annelida (segmented worms), Mollusca (snails, clams etc.), Nemertea (ribbon worms), Phoronida (horseshoe worms), Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchins etc.), Bryozoa, Arthropoda (crustaceans), and Urochordata (sea squirts etc.). Lectures cover major developmental concepts and processes such as fertilization, differentiation, morphogenesis, reproductive and developmental strategies, and larval function. Students explore the diversity of marine embryos and larvae by culturing dozens of representative species in the laboratory. In addition to laboratory demonstrations, we go on field trips to visit local marine habitats and collect live material for study. Students become proficient in using microscopes, and hone their observation and scientific illustration skills. Learning outcomes! !At the end of this course, students will…! 1) …be able to confidently establish and maintain cultures of marine invertebrate embryos, including long- lived feeding larvae;! 2) …recognize commonly-encountered animal larval forms to higher-level taxon, and identify orientation and anatomy;! 3) …accurately employ the standard vocabulary of embryology to identify and label parts within early life history stages of readily-available marine invertebrates;! 4) …know how to align and correctly use a compound light microscope for brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, and DIC;! 5) …have created a comprehensive notebook of biologically accurate and informative drawings of the ! developmental stages of species covered by the course! Instructor: Dr. George von Dassow [email protected] !Teaching Assistant: Marie Hunt [email protected] Meets: Wednesdays, 8:00 am - 5:00 pm, McConnaughey Lab, OIMB. -
Spicule Network Patterns of Phyllidia Varicosa
S HORT REPORT ScienceAsia 37 (2011): 160–164 doi: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2011.37.160 Spicule network patterns of Phyllidia varicosa Pattira Kasamesiria, Shettapong Meksumpuna;b;∗, Charumas Meksumpunc a Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand b Centre of Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand c Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand ∗Corresponding author, e-mail: ffi[email protected] Received 26 Aug 2010 Accepted 20 May 2011 ABSTRACT: Spicule network patterns inside the body of a nudibranch play an important role in supporting the soft body of the nudibranch. These patterns can also be one of the indicators for prediction of the phylogenetic affinity of the nudibranch. Specimens of the nudibranch (Phyllidia varicosa) were collected from Koh Phi Phi and neighbouring islands in Krabi. The spicule network in the mantle of the central notum looked like a net, whilst at the edge of the mantle it appeared as a radial line crossing the body. The spicules in the nudibranch foot were interlaced and were perpendicular to the body length. A study of the spicule contents by indirect examination indicated that the CaCO3 content in the central notum, mantle edge, and foot was 460 ± 20, 462 ± 20, and 469 ± 20 mg/g dry weight, respectively. The spicule content in the various body regions did not differ significantly (p = 0.7). The relationship between total weight of the spicule network (TW) and whole body dry weight (WB) was estimated as TW = 0.446WB (R2 = 0.9994). -
The Opisthobranchs of Cape Arago. Oregon. with Notes
THE OPISTHOBRANCHS OF CAPE ARAGO. OREGON. WITH NOTES ON THEIR NATURAL HISTORY AND A SUMMARY OF BENTHIC OPISTHOBRANCHS KNOWN FROM OREGON by JEFFREY HAROLD RYAN GODDARD A THESIS Presented to the Department of Biology and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science December 1983 !tIl. ii I :'" APPROVED: -------:n:pe:;-;t::;e:;:-rt;l;1T:-.JF~r:aaD:inkk--- i I-I 1 iii An Abstract of the Thesis of Jeffrey Harold Ryan Goddard for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Biology to be taken December 1983 TITLE: THE OPISTHOBRANCHS OF CAPE ARAGO, OREGON, WITH NOTES ON THEIR NATURAL HISTORY AND A SUM}~Y OF BENTHIC OPISTHOBRANCHS KNOWN FROM OREGON Approved: Peter W. Frank The opisthobranch molluscs of Oregon have been little studied, and little is known about the biology of many species. The present study consisted of field and laboratory observations of Cape Arago opistho- branchs. Forty-six species were found, extending the range of six north- ward and two southward. New food records are presented for nine species; an additional 20 species were observed feeding on previously recorded prey. Development data are given for 21 species. Twenty produce plank- totrophic larvae, and Doto amyra produces lecithotrophic larvae, the first such example known from Eastern Pacific opisthobranchs. Hallaxa chani appears to be the first eudoridacean nudibranch known to have a subannual life cycle. Development, life cycles, food and competition, iv ranges, and the ecological role of nudibranchs are discussed. Nudi- branchs appear to significantly affect the diversity of the Cape Arago encrusting community. -
An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T
NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 19 An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T. Drumm • Katherine P. Maslenikov Robert Van Syoc • James W. Orr • Robert R. Lauth Duane E. Stevenson • Theodore W. Pietsch November 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientific Editor* Administrator Richard Langton National Marine National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Economics and Social Analysis Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is pub- lished by the Scientific Publications Of- *Bruce Mundy (PIFSC) was Scientific Editor during the fice, National Marine Fisheries Service, scientific editing and preparation of this report. NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115. The Secretary of Commerce has The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original determined that the publication of research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data- this series is necessary in the transac- intensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. tion of the public business required by law of this Department.