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NATO Expansion: Benefits and Consequences
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2001 NATO expansion: Benefits and consequences Jeffrey William Christiansen The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Christiansen, Jeffrey William, "NATO expansion: Benefits and consequences" (2001). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 8802. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/8802 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ■rr - Maween and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of M ontana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission X No, I do not grant permission ________ Author's Signature; Date:__ ^ ^ 0 / Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. MSThe»i9\M«r«f»eld Library Permission Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. NATO EXPANSION: BENEFITS AND CONSEQUENCES by Jeffrey William Christiansen B.A. University of Montana, 2000 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The University of Montana 2001 Approved by: hairpers Dean, Graduate School 7 - 24- 0 ^ Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. -
Support of International Military Activities”
DoD Financial Management Regulation Volume 11A, Chapter 9 * May 2011 SUMMARY OF MAJOR CHANGES TO DOD 7000.14-R, VOLUME 11A, CHAPTER 9 “SUPPORT OF INTERNATIONAL MILITARY ACTIVITIES” All changes are denoted by blue font Substantive revisions are denoted by a * preceding the section, paragraph, table, or figure that includes the revision. Hyperlinks are denoted by underlined, bold, italic, blue font PARA EXPLANATION OF CHANGE/REVISION PURPOSE Table 9-1 Adds/updates support organization names, locations and designated Add administrative agents in accordance with European Command and Joint Staff review. Table 9-1 Provides administrative updates based on extensive North Atlantic Update Treaty Organization restructure. 9-1 DoD Financial Management Regulation Volume 11A, Chapter 9 * May 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUPPORT OF INTERNATIONAL MILITARY ACTIVITIES 0901 Overview 0902 General 0903 Responsibilities 0904 Policy and Procedures 0905 Scope of Budget for International Military Headquarters and Agencies * Table 1 International Military Headquarter and Related Agencies and Administrative Agents Responsible for Their Support and for Support to U.S. Elements 9-2 DoD Financial Management Regulation Volume 11A, Chapter 9 * May 2011 CHAPTER 9 SUPPORT OF INTERNATIONAL MILITARY ACTIVITIES 0901 OVERVIEW 090101. Purpose. This chapter: A. Establishes administrative arrangements, reimbursement, and billing procedures, and identifies a method to compute the dollar value of credits due the United States (U.S.) for the support of international military activities. B. Assigns responsibilities for the support of international organizations, and identifies reimbursable and nonreimbursable support. C. Identifies the support that DoD Components can expect to receive from international military organizations and whether such support is on a reimbursable or nonreimbursable basis. -
Financial Management Regulation Volume 11A, Chapter 9 * January 2017
DoD2B 7000.14-R Financial Management Regulation Volume 11A, Chapter 9 * January 2017 VOLUME 11A, CHAPTER 9 “SUPPORT OF INTERNATIONAL MILITARY ACTIVITIES” SUMMARY OF MAJOR CHANGES All changes are denoted by blue font. Substantive revisions are denoted by a (*) preceding the section, paragraph, table, or figure that includes the revision. Unless otherwise noted, chapters referenced are contained in this volume. Hyperlinks are denoted by bold, italic, blue and underlined font. The previous version dated May 2015 is archived. PARAGRAPH EXPLANATION OF CHANGE/REVISION PURPOSE Added an overview section to comply with the Department of Defense (DoD) Financial Management Regulation (FMR) 090101 Addition Revision Standard Operating Procedures, dated June 15, 2015. 090201 Added definition for “DoD Component.” Addition 090202 Added definition for “Unified Combatant Command.” Addition Added a reference to the National Security Act of 1947 and 090204 Revision to the Joint Publication 1-02. 090206 Added definition for “Military Element.” Addition Added definition for a “Table of Organization and 090211 Addition Equipment.” Expanded the use of United States (U.S.) appropriated funds for U.S. military personnel who are members of an 090507.B.2. Addition international military headquarters that does not maintain a centralized international budget for such purposes. Added six North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Force Integration Unit (NFIU) support elements at Tallinn, Table 9-1, Estonia; Riga, Latvia; Vilnius, Lithuania; Bydgoszcz, Addition paragraph A.4.f. Poland; Szekesfeharvar, Hungary; and Bratislava, Slovakia as approved by the NATO Defense Ministers on September 5, 2014. Moved from section A.2.g the Headquarters, Multinational Table 9-1, Division South-East at Bucharest, Romania and two NFIU Revision paragraph A.4.r. -
Civilian Personnel Regulations AMENDMENTS
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION Civilian Personnel Regulations AMENDMENTS Record of amendments Strike out corresponding number as each amendment is inserted 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Design and lay-out : NATO Graphics Studio APRIL 2005 CONTENTS 1 Amdt 25 / June 2016 Contents Preamble PART ONE Article RULES GOVERNING MEMBERS OF THE STAFF Chapter I - Recruitment and employment 1 - 3 Chapter II - Appointments, assignments and contracts 4 - 6 Chapter III - Separation 7 - 11 Chapter IV - Obligations and responsibilities 12 - 14 Chapter V - Work 15 - 17 Chapter VI - Security 18 - 21 Chapter VII - Salaries, allowances, supplements, advances and loans 22 - 36 Chapter VIII - Travel and removal 37 - 41 Chapter IX - Leave 42 - 46 Chapter X - Social securities and insurances 47 - 51 Chapter XI - Provident Fund 52 - 54 Chapter XII - Reports, performance assessment, 55 - 58 grades, advancement, changes of post or grade Chapter XIII - Discipline 59 - 60 Chapter XIV - Administrative review, complaints and appeals 61 - 62 Chapter XV - Pension Schemes 63 - 67 2 CONTENTS APRIL 2005 Amdt 25 / June 2016 PART TWO RULES APPLICABLE TO CONSULTANTS AND TEMPORARY PERSONNEL Chapter XVI - Consultants 68 - 76 Chapter XVII - Temporary personnel 77 - 87 PART THREE STAFF REPRESENTATION Chapter XVIII - Staff Associations and Staff Committees 88 - 90 PART FOUR ANNEXES 1.A. -
Understanding the U.S.-NATO Relationship in the Post-Cold War
UNDERSTANDING THE U.S. – NATO RELATIONSHIP IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA A dissertation presented by Julie Marie Garey to The Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of Political Science Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts April 2015 1 UNDERSTANDING THE U.S.-NATO RELATIONSHIP IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA by Julie Marie Garey ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University 2 April 2015 ABSTRACT This project traces the evolution of the relationship between the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) through the events of the two decades following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It addresses four engagements: the 1999 Kosovo intervention, the 2001 U.S. war in Afghanistan, the 2003 Iraq War, and the 2011 intervention in Libya. The purpose of this research is to understand the causes for NATO’s persistence in the post-Cold War era. I posit the most overlooked explanation for the alliance’s evolution and persistence is the continued de facto leadership of the United States. Examination of each of the aforementioned cases, as well as the intra-conflict periods, reveals the reasons for continued U.S.-NATO relations. The U.S. pursues NATO in conflict for both military utility and political value – namely, the effect of NATO on perceptions of legitimacy. Finally, this research demonstrates from both a theoretical and policy perspective the implications of this relationship for future conflict engagement. -
The Dilemma of NATO Strategy, 1949-1968 a Dissertation Presented
The Dilemma of NATO Strategy, 1949-1968 A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Robert Thomas Davis II August 2008 © 2008 Robert Thomas Davis II All Rights Reserved ii This dissertation titled The Dilemma of NATO Strategy, 1949-1968 by ROBERT THOMAS DAVIS II has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by ______________________________ Peter John Brobst Associate Professor of History ______________________________ Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences iii Abstract DAVIS, ROBERT THOMAS II, Ph.D., August 2008, History The Dilemma of NATO Strategy, 1949-1968 (422 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Peter John Brobst This study is a reappraisal of the strategic dilemma of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the Cold War. This dilemma revolves around the problem of articulating a strategic concept for a military alliance in the nuclear era. NATO was born of a perceived need to defend Western Europe from a Soviet onslaught. It was an imperative of the early alliance to develop a military strategy and force posture to defend Western Europe should such a war break out. It was not long after the first iteration of strategy took shape than the imperative for a military defense of Europe receded under the looming threat of thermonuclear war. The advent of thermonuclear arsenals in both the United States and Soviet Union brought with it the potential destruction of civilization should war break out. This realization made statesmen on both sides of the Iron Curtain undergo what has been referred to as an ongoing process of nuclear learning. -
Annual Diversity and Inclusion Report 2018
ANNEX 1 Annual Diversity and Inclusion Report 2018 1-1 ANNEX 1 Executive Summary 1. The purpose of this Annual Diversity and Inclusion report is to document the progress that NATO has made throughout 2018. Part I of this report highlights the achievements, Parts II, III and IV describe the composition of civilian or military staff in NATO by gender, grade, geographical distribution, and age. 2. In 2018, improvements to policies, leadership, talent acquisition, training, communication, monitoring/reporting, and developing new services all contributed to Diversity and Inclusion. 3. Policy Development and Implementation: The International Staff commissioned an independent, external assessment of NATO policies and practices to prevent harassment and discrimination. The review included benchmarking against other organisations1, as well as the use of best practices, observations and views provided by NATO stakeholders through interviews. 4. Talent Acquisition: A special focus has been given to improving the attractiveness of vacancy notices. Several NATO entities have used the augmented writing platform, Textio, to make job advertisements more gender and culturally neutral. In addition, NATO participated in the Global Careers Fair for Women in International Organizations recruitment event. Representatives from NATO entities interacted with candidates online engaging in dialogue for a half-day session, and providing information on vacancies and the application processes. 5. Training and Development: The fourth cycle of the NATO Mentoring Programme for women was launched. This programme was designed as a measure to increase the pool of qualified female candidates, and to identify and remove internal barriers which may deter or prevent women from advancing within the Organization that may be caused by structural barriers existing between different services and categories of staff. -
The Southern Flank of NATO, 1951-1959: Military Stategy Or Poltical Stabilisation? Chourchoulis, Dionysios
The southern flank of NATO, 1951-1959: military stategy or poltical stabilisation? Chourchoulis, Dionysios The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author For additional information about this publication click this link. https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/702 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] 1 THE SOUTHERN FLANK OF NATO, 1951-1959. MILITARY STRATEGY OR POLITICAL STABILISATION? Dionysios Chourchoulis Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen Mary University of London Department of History September 2010 2 ABSTRACT In 1951-52, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation established the Southern Flank, a strategy for the defence of the eastern Mediterranean in the Cold War involving Greece, Italy and Turkey. Among its many aims, the Southern Flank sought to mobilize Greece and Turkey as allies and integrate them into the Western defence system. Throughout 1950s, the alliance developed the Southern Flank and in 1959, it was finally stabilized as fractious Greek-Turkish relations were improved by the temporary settlement over Cyprus. These events are the focus of this thesis. It examines, among other things, the initial negotiations of 1951-52, the Southern Flank‟s structure and function and relative value in NATO‟s overall policy, and its response to the challenges of the eastern Mediterranean in the early Cold War. -
THE EU and NATO | the ESSENTIAL PARTNERS European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS)
he essential partners dited by dited and Katharine A.M. Wright E Gustav Lindstrom and Thierry Tardy from With contributions Daniel Fiott, Christian Kaunert, Bruno Lété, Alexander Mattelaer, Hanna Smith, Simon J. Smith, Bart M.J. Szewczyk, Ori Wertman T THE EU NATO AND SEPTEMBER 2019 THE EU AND NATO | THE ESSENTIAL PARTNERS European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) 100, avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris http://www.iss.europa.eu Director: Gustav Lindstrom © EU Institute for Security Studies, 2019. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the EUISS or of the European Union. print ISBN 978-92-9198-837-2 online ISBN 978-92-9198-836-5 CATALOGUE NUMBER QN-01-19-491-EN-C CATALOGUE NUMBER QN-01-19-491-EN-N DOI 10.2815/644113 DOI 10.2815/493939 Published by the EU Institute for Security Studies and printed in Belgium by Bietlot. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019. Cover image credit: NATO THE EU AND NATO The essential partners Edited by Gustav Lindstrom and Thierry Tardy With contributions from Daniel Fiott, Christian Kaunert, Bruno Lété, Alexander Mattelaer, Hanna Smith, Simon J. Smith, Bart M.J. Szewczyk, Ori Wertman and Katharine A.M. Wright The editors Gustav Lindstrom is the Director of the EU Institute for Security Studies. Thierry Tardy is Director of the Research Division at the NATO Defense College (Rome). Contents Introduction 3 Gustav Lindstrom and Thierry Tardy 1 The scope of EU-NATO cooperation 5 Thierry Tardy and Gustav Lindstrom 2 Countering hybrid threats 13 Hanna Smith 3 Operational cooperation 21 Bart M.J. -
Nato's Military Structure: Change And
NEW WORLD ARCHITECTURE OF ECONOMY AND SECURITY 91 NATO’S MILITARY STRUCTURE: CHANGE AND CONTINUITY Ali Bilgin VARLIK Assistant Professor (Phd.), İstanbul Arel University, İİBF, IR, [email protected], ORCİD:0000-0002-5265-2321. Abstract NATO’s ability to accord and shape security environment can be consid- ered in four folds of which all are mutually integrated: Alliance’s solidarity, coherent common vision, consolidated security architecture and the capacity for rational prioritisation, and effective operational conduct. The security archi- tecture of the Alliance covers both core and peripheral organizations. The core organization conducts basic functions of the Alliance with the participation of the member states. Core or internal organization of the Alliance is composed of political, military and other complementary structures. The military struc- ture of NATO is of two components;command and the force structure. Com- mand structure comprises military headquarters responsible for the command and control of the military forces. Force structure of the Alliance is made up of forces allocated to NATO by member states. The Alliance has experienced four major transformative steps in command structure since its establishment. The initial force structure of the Alliance which covers all allocated forces to NATO has transformed to deployable force structure by three subsequent changes after the Cold War. The new structure is set based upon considerations on a gradual readiness level. This paper deals with the historical changes and continuity of NATO’s both command and force structures’ transformation and their justifica- tions -which have been rarely studies academically. Based up on this knowledge adequacy, effectiveness and rationality of both structures are scrutinised.The argument of the paper is that throughout NATO’s past the military structures has 92 YENİ DÜNYA EKONOMİ VE GÜVENLİK MİMARİSİ not only been a result of organizational change but also one of the main causes and determinants for the evolution and transformation of the Alliance. -
Support of International Military Activities”
DoD 7000.14-R Financial Management Regulation Volume 11A, Chapter 9 * October 2020 VOLUME 11A, CHAPTER 9 “SUPPORT OF INTERNATIONAL MILITARY ACTIVITIES” SUMMARY OF MAJOR CHANGES All changes are denoted by blue font. Substantive revisions are denoted by a (*) preceding the section, paragraph, table, or figure that includes the revision. Unless otherwise noted, chapters referenced are contained in this volume. Hyperlinks are denoted by bold, italic, blue and underlined font. The previous version dated January 2017 is archived. PARAGRAPH EXPLANATION OF CHANGE/REVISION PURPOSE Updated hyperlinks in accordance with Financial Management ALL Revision Regulation Standard Operating Procedures. Updated section to include additional authoritative sources 090103 Revision associated with chapter content. Updated definition to include further content referenced from 090202 Revision 10 U.S.C. § 161. Updated DoD Component Heads for emphasis of oversight per 090306 Revision DoDI 4000.19 and DoDD 5015.02. The last Table Revision Effective Date was January 6, 2020, Table 9-1 and as of October 2020, the chapter was updated in its entirety. Notification There were no table updates at the time of this publication. 9-1 DoD 7000.14-R Financial Management Regulation Volume 11A, Chapter 9 * October 2020 Table of Contents VOLUME 11A, CHAPTER 9 “SUPPORT OF INTERNATIONAL MILITARY ACTIVITIES” 1 0901 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 4 090101. Overview ................................................................................................................ -
What Is NATO?
W h a t i s NAT O ? NATO What is NATO? PRAŽSKÝ STUDENTSKÝ SUMMIT/XX I / NATO / I V 1 W h a t i s NAT O ? Autor: Iva Gejdošová Imprimatur: Martin Mezenský, Jan Kotara Jazyková úprava: Adéla Jiřičková Grafická úprava: Jan Hlaváček Model NATO Vydala Asociace pro mezinárodní otázky (AMO) pro potřeby XXI. roč níku Pražského studentského summitu. © AMO 2015 Asociace pro mezinárodní otázky (AMO) Žitná 27, 110 00 Praha 1 Tel.: +420 224 813 460, e-mail: [email protected] IČ : 65 99 95 33 www.amo.cz www.studentsummit.cz PRAŽSKÝ STUDENTSKÝ SUMMIT/XX I / NATO / I V 2 W h a t i s NAT O ? This document might be considered as a first chapter in a book. It is very important to read the first chapter in every book, because if you leave it out, you will not be able to fully comprehend the story and thoughts the book is hiding. This is the very same case - in order to understand the Alliance as such, it is essential to know how it all started, who is the head of the Organization as well as knowing the background of activities connected to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Firstly, this document gives you an overview about the founding document and the history of the organization. In addition to that, it also focuses on current NATO missions and summarizes the recent and important Wales Summit. The following pages are a key, grab it and use the given information to the best of your knowledge. The aim of NATO, as is described in the Treaty, is to safeguard the freedom and security of its member countries by political and military means.