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Disease Incubation Period Mode of Transmission Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Office of Public Health Informatics and Epidemiology 4150 Technology Way, Carson City, Nevada 89706 Main: (775) 684-5911 After Hours, Emergency Only: (775) 400-0333 Email: [email protected] Website: http://health.nv.gov/Epidemiology.htm DISEASE INCUBATION MODE OF PERIOD OF CONTROL PUBLIC HEALTH PERIOD TRANSMISSION COMMUNICABILITY MEASURES RESPONSE AIDS/HIV* HIV Infection: 14 Person-to-person by Persons with HIV should be considered Education of those who are infected, and Patient interview by Public Health days (1) sexual contact, infectious for life. Risk of transmission those who are at risk of becoming infected (PH). Education and counseling in AIDS (Stage 3 HIV (2) exposure to blood, may be higher in first months after about how to prevent transmission of HIV conjunction with HIV testing. Referral Infection): 7 to 10 years (3) mother to infant during pregnancy or at time infection. (i.e., safer sexual practices, stop injecting of sexual and needle sharing partners (when HIV infection of birth, or via breast feeding. drug use and needle sharing, etc). for testing, counseling, and untreated) treatment. Campylobacter* 1-10 days, average 2-5 days By ingestion of contaminated food – particularly Throughout course of disease; usually Always wash hands thoroughly after bowel Education on prevention of spread, undercooked poultry, water, or unpasteurized several days to up to seven weeks. movements or diapering, before eating and including avoiding cross milk; from contact with infected animals or preparing food. Exclude symptomatic contamination of foods by washing persons by fecal-oral route. persons from food-handling and child care cutting boards and other food until diarrhea had ceased. Avoid preparation items between raw unpasteurized milk and unpasteurized dairy poultry or meats and other food products. Thoroughly cook all meat, products such as vegetables. especially poultry. Chickenpox: Varicella 10-21 days, average 14-16 Person-to-person by droplet or airborne spread As long as 5, but usually 1-2 days Exclude from school or child care and avoid Recommend vaccination for all days of respiratory secretions; direct contact with before onset of rash until all blisters contact with susceptible persons until appropriate susceptible persons. drainage from blisters or indirectly through have crusted. blisters are crusted. articles contaminated by secretions from Exposed susceptible people eligible for blisters. immunization should receive vaccine within 3-5 days to protect from their recent exposure. Chlamydia* 1-3 weeks; often Contact with infected person through sexual Duration of infection. Reinfection is Examine and treat all persons with sexual For higher priority cases, patient asymptomatic, especially in activity; neonatal infections by contact with common if partners are not treated in contact that occurred within the last 60 days, interview with PH and notification of females birth canal. a timely manner. Without treatment, regardless of their test results. Annual sexual contacts for referral to medical infection may persist indefinitely, screening for sexually active females aged < care. Education on abstinence, leading to infections of the upper 25 or at high risk. monogamy and use of barrier reproductive tract and other serious, protection such as latex condoms. long-term complications in both females and males. Conjunctivitis, with a 24-72 hours Contact with discharges from the eyes, nose, or During the course of active infection. Persons should not attend school or child Education of family and classmates fever and behavioral throat of infected people, from contaminated care during the acute stage. on prevention of spread by practicing change, purulence or fingers, clothing, and other articles. good hand washing and not sharing hemorrhage towels or other items soiled with discharge from eyes or nose. Enterohemorrhagic 2-10 days, average 3-4 days Ingestion of contaminated foods, directly from Duration of excretion of the pathogen Exclude from high-risk settings (food- Patient interview and contact Esherichia coli Includes person-to-person by fecal-oral route, or contact in the stool, which is usually 1 week or handling, patient care, child care) until 2 investigation by PH. If high-risk E. coli O157:H7 and with infected animals. Linked to eating under- less in adults but 3 weeks in 1 out of 3 negative stool cultures taken 24 hours of setting involved, contact the Nevada other Shinga toxin cooked, contaminated ground beef, children. more apart and no sooner than 48 hours Division of Public and Behavioral producing E. coli* unpasteurized milk and juices. following discontinuation of antibiotics. Health (DPBH). Education on Symptomatic contacts should be excluded importance of hand washing and from high-risk settings until 2 negative stool proper disposal of feces and diapers. cultures are obtained. Fifth disease, 4-20 days Contact with infected Greatest before onset of rash. Probably Frequent hand washing. Cover nose and Student, teacher, and family Human parvovirus respiratory secretions; also not communicable after onset of rash. mouth with disposable tissue when coughing education about hand washing and B19 infection, from mother to fetus; and People with aplastic crisis are and sneezing and proper disposal of tissue. standard precautions. Susceptible Erythema by transfusion of blood and communicable up to 1 week after Or cough and sneeze into your upper arm. women who are pregnant or who infectiosum blood products. onset of symptoms. Do not share eating utensils. Exclusion is not might become pregnant, and have necessary. continued close contact to people with parvovirus B19 infection should consult with their healthcare provider. Giardia* 3-25 days or longer, Person-to-person spread b fecal-oral route, Entire period of infection, often Exclude symptomatic persons from food Education on prevention of spread to average 7-10 days especially in child care centers. Rarely by months. handling and child care until effective families, teachers and classmates. ingestion of contaminated food or water, or by treatment has been initiated and diarrhea Surveillance for additional cases. contact with infected animals. has ceased. Good hand washing by staff and child after bowel movements or diapering, and before eating or preparing food. Gonorrhea* 2-5 days, sometimes Contact with infected person through sexual Duration of infection. Re- infection is Examine and treat all persons with sexual For higher priority cases, patient longer; often asymptomatic activity; neonatal infections by contact with common if partners are not treated in contact that occurred within the last 60 days, interview by PH and notification of especially in females birth canal. a timely manner. Without treatment, regardless of their test results. Annual sexual contacts for referral to medical infection may persist indefinitely, screening for sexually active women age <25 care. Education on abstinence, leading to infections of the upper or at high risk. monogamy and use of barrier reproductive tract and other serious, protection such as latex condoms. long-term complications in both females and males. Hand, foot, and 3-5 days Direct contact with nose and throat discharges During acute stage of illness, perhaps Prompt hand washing after handling Education of families, teachers, and mouth disease: and feces of infected people and by droplet longer; viruses persist in stool for discharges, feces, and soiled articles. Wash classmates about proper hand Coxsackievirus spread. several weeks. or discard articles soiled with nose and washing. (Not related to throat discharges. Cover nose and mouth animal foot and mouth with disposable tissue when coughing and disease) sneezing and proper disposal of tissue. Or cough and sneeze into your upper arm. Exclusion may not prevent additional cases as virus is excreted after symptoms are gone. Hepatitis A** 15-50 days, average 28-30 Person-to-person spread by fecal-oral route; Approximately 2 weeks before and 1 Hand washing. Exclude from high-risk Immediate patient interview and days ingestion of contaminated food or water, or week after onset of jaundice. situations (food handling, child care, and assessment by PH. Contact sharing of drug paraphernalia. patient care) for 1 week after onset of investigation. Counseling. If case is in jaundice. Give household, child care and high-risk situation, contact DPBH other intimate contacts immune globulin (IG) immediately. Recommend 0.02ml/kg body weight and or vaccine within vaccination to appropriate 14 days of last exposure. susceptible persons. Hepatitis B* 45-180 days, average 60-90 Sexual, IV drug use, close household contact, Blood and other body fluids are Follow Standard and Blood Borne Pathogen Patient interview and assessment by days perinatal mother-to-infant. Rarely occupational infectious during late incubation Precautions. Cover open cuts and sores. PH. Contact investigation. Counseling. percutaneous or mucus membrane exposure to period, clinical disease, and for variable Wear gloves when in contact with blood or Education on prevention of further blood, saliva or semen period after recovery (as long as HBsAg body fluids. Immediate cleanup of objects spread and hepatitis B. Screen all positive). Chronic carriers are contaminated with blood or body fluid. For women during each pregnancy. infectious for life. blood or needle exposure to known HBsAg Recommend vaccination to positive persons, and not vaccinated,
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