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Final Biosolids Management Plan September 2009 TABLE of CONTENTS

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Final Biosolids Management Plan September 2009 TABLE of CONTENTS BIOSOLIDS MANAGEMENT PLAN Prepared for: Spokane County Division of Utilities 1026 West Broadway Avenue, Fourth Floor Spokane, WA 99260-0430 September 2009 Final Prepared by: HDR Engineering, Inc. TABLE of CONTENTS Table of Contents Introduction and Background .................................................................. 1 Previous Studies .................................................................................................. 1 Wastewater Facilities Plan ........................................................................ 1 Wastewater Facilities Plan Amendment .................................................... 2 Ecology Approval of Wastewater Facilities Plan ........................................ 3 Changes after the Wastewater Facilities Plan Amendment ....................... 3 2006 Wastewater Facilities Plan Amendment ........................................... 4 Environmental Analysis ............................................................................. 4 Authorization ........................................................................................................ 4 Purpose ................................................................................................................ 4 Plan Overview ...................................................................................................... 5 Spokane County Regional Water Reclamation Facility Overview ........ 6 SCRWRF Residuals ............................................................................................. 6 SCRWRF Biosolids Quantities ............................................................................. 7 Regulatory Review .................................................................................... 8 Pollutant Criteria ................................................................................................... 8 Pathogen Criteria ............................................................................................... 10 Class B Biosolids ..................................................................................... 10 Class A Biosolids ..................................................................................... 11 Vector Attraction Reduction ................................................................................ 13 Biosolids Management Practices ....................................................................... 13 General .................................................................................................... 13 Agronomic Application Rates .................................................................. 13 Monitoring ................................................................................................ 15 Trends and Drivers for Biosolids Management Programs .................. 16 Regulatory Issues .............................................................................................. 17 Pathogen Regrowth and Reactivation ..................................................... 18 Microconstituents of Concern .................................................................. 18 Public Perception ............................................................................................... 18 Local Biosolids Management Program Profiles ................................... 19 City of Spokane Biosolids Management Program .............................................. 19 LOTT Alliance Biosolids Management Program ................................................. 20 City of Richland Biosolids Management Program .............................................. 20 City of Walla Walla Biosolids Management Program ......................................... 21 Page i Final Biosolids Management Plan September 2009 TABLE of CONTENTS City of Coeur d’Alene, Idaho Biosolids Management Program ........................... 22 Spokane County Biosolids Markets and Management Alternatives ... 24 Landfill Disposal ................................................................................................. 24 Dedicated Surface Disposal (Class B) ............................................................... 24 Agricultural Fertilization (Class B) ...................................................................... 25 Silvicultural Fertilization (Class B) ...................................................................... 26 Disturbed Land Reclamation/Rehabilitation (Class B) ........................................ 26 Alternative Intermediate/Final Landfill Cover ...................................................... 27 Agricultural Fertilization (Class A) ...................................................................... 27 Public Parks and Recreation Areas (Class A/EQ Compost or Dried Pellets) ..... 27 Horticulture (Class A/EQ Soil Amendment) ........................................................ 29 Amendment for Acidic Soils (Class A/EQ Alkaline Soil Amendment) ................. 29 Golf Course Fertilizer (Class A/EQ Dried Pellet) ................................................ 30 Biofuel Feedstock Fertilization ........................................................................... 30 Glass Aggregate Production .............................................................................. 30 Solid Fuel (Coal Alternative) Production ............................................................ 31 EnerTech ................................................................................................. 32 Cement Kilns ........................................................................................... 32 Liquid Fuel/Syn Gas Production ......................................................................... 32 Pyrolysis .................................................................................................. 33 Gasification .............................................................................................. 33 Incineration ......................................................................................................... 33 Alternatives Screening and Elimination ................................................ 34 Landfill Disposal ................................................................................................. 34 Dedicated Surface Disposal ............................................................................... 34 Amendment for Acidic Soils (Alkaline Stabilization) ........................................... 35 Vitrification (Glass Aggregate Production) ......................................................... 35 Solid Fuel (Coal Alternative) ............................................................................... 35 Liquid Fuel/Syn Gas Production ......................................................................... 35 Incineration ......................................................................................................... 35 Final Alternatives..................................................................................... 36 Alternative 1: Agricultural Fertilization ............................................................... 36 Alternative 1A: County Management ....................................................... 37 Alternative 1B: Public-Private Partnership ............................................... 37 Alternative 1C: Partnership with the City of Spokane .............................. 38 Alternative 2: Alternative Landfill Cover (Class B) ............................................. 38 Alternative 2A: Roosevelt Regional Landfill ............................................. 38 Page ii Final Biosolids Management Plan September 2009 TABLE of CONTENTS Alternative 2B: Kootenai County (Idaho) Fighting Creek Landfill ............. 38 Alternative 2C: Graham Road Landfill ..................................................... 39 Alternative 2D: Ephrata Landfill ............................................................... 39 Alternative 3: Reclamation/Restoration (Class B) .............................................. 39 Alternative 3A: Silver Valley mines .......................................................... 39 Alternative 3B: Other Future Reclamation ............................................... 39 Alternative 4: Forestry Application ..................................................................... 39 Alternative 4A: Inland Empire Paper ........................................................ 40 Alternative 4B: Stimson Lumber .............................................................. 40 Alternative 4C: Forest Capital Partners ................................................... 40 Alternative 5: Composting (Class A/EQ) ........................................................... 40 Alternative 5A: County-Operated Composting Facility ............................. 40 Alternative 5B: Public-Private Partnership ............................................... 41 Alternative 5C: Co-Composting with County Yard Waste ........................ 42 Alternative 6: Dried Pellet Production (Class A/EQ) .......................................... 42 Alternative 6A: County-Operated Drying Facility ..................................... 46 Alternative 6B: DBO Firm Amendment .................................................... 46 Alternative 6C: Public-Private Partnership ............................................... 46 Alternatives Analysis .............................................................................. 47 Life-Cycle Cost Evaluation ................................................................................. 47
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