R A D Y O QUARTERLY RADIO MAGAZINE / OCTOBER 2015 / 4 V HAVE YOU EVER READ RADIO? İ Z Y O N

FILE: The Role of Radıo ın Asıa-Pacıfıc RADIO IS EMOTIONAL ~ ŞENOL GÖKA EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF RADIO IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION ~ JAWHAR SIRCAR THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZING THE 52ND ABU GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN İSTANBUL ~ DR. JAVAD MOTTAGHI NATURAL DISASTERS AND RADIO ~ AKINORI HASHIMOTO OVERVIEW OF THE ABU PRIZES-RADIO CATEGORY ~ TATSUHIRO BENIKO THE RELEVANCE OF RADIO CONTENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE ~ NEDRA WEERASINGHE RADIO AND NEW TECHNOLOGY ~ STEVE AHERN COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT BROADCASTING SERVICE IN HONG KONG ~ TAI KEEN-MAN • JACE AU LAI-NGAR ABU: A COMMON BROADCASTING VOICE FOR ASIA-PACIFIC ~ S. NANDA ARMOOGUM COMMUNITY RADIO: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE ~ ALL INDIA RADIO (AIR)

4

Up next is the meeting of broadcasters from 70 Asia- Pacific countries in İstanbul -including radio

Şenol GÖKA TRT Director General broadcasters.

To Be Visible

W e have always defined radio broadcasters new paths and new voices leading to the as invisible passengers of invisible roads hearts of our listeners, these are intentions for connecting the hearts. Invisible and collective thinking and producing.

not having a desire to be visible, radio With these thoughts in our minds, 52nd Asia- broadcasters are publishing a radio magazine Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU) General in Turkey. Still unsatisfied, they celebrate radio Assembly is being hosted by TRT in İstanbul. broadcasting anniversaries on the streets. Up Our friends –with the contribution of ABU next is the meeting of broadcasters from 70 administration and members- have created a Asia-Pacific countries in İstanbul -including special file for the October issue. Cooperation radio broadcasters. This state of visibility might in the preparation of this file alone is enough look like a contradiction, but it is not. to boost our confidence in efforts exerted at

All efforts are exerted for us to be able to the General Assembly to serve as a stronger breath in our friendly geography. return to our real homes –studios with a more powerful breath. With the hope of finding TRT is ready and awaiting guests. Turkish Folk Music repared in collaboration of TRT and Kalan Music, the Aşık VEYSEL Project was created Pwith the recordings from TRT archives and a selection of pieces from Aşık Veysel gramophone records. Voice restoration was handled by Kalan Music. You can purchase the album through www.trtmarket.net and TRT Market stores.

In the first one of the albums prepared in two discs Aşık Veysel performs his own works. In the second album, Aşık Veysel performs the pieces of masters that lived before him. Turkish Folk Music repared in collaboration of TRT and Kalan Music, theNow, Aşık VEYSEL as we Project do in was a created Pwith the recordings from TRT archives and a selection of pieces from Aşık Veysel gramophone records. Voice restoration was handledradio by Kalan announcement; Music. You can purchase the album through www.trtmarket.net and TRT Market stores.once again, we say “Hello!” for eternal friendship with those we have met since time Dr. Süleyman ERDAL Head of TRT External Services Department immemorial. Radio: The Bridge of Hearts R adio has always been perceived as a nostalgic element and in the fields of communication and media through because of this fact radio is like the summary of one’s voyage our cooperation and partnerships with countries and to inner self in time. The history of radio is also the summary international organizations. We have also witnessed of incidents that took place in different geographies of together the unique role of this experience and the world since its birth. Radio is the most crucial witness communication methods in building and conducting of incidents that took place in the last century in the public diplomacy of the age we live in. That is, utilizing the fields of international relations, technology, broadcasting, self-renewing vibration and never-aging magic of radio, we communication and so on. Since its invention radio has have opened new interaction fields from local to global, reached beyond oceans and connected continents and and from “me to us”. people as the most important means of communication. Bearing these in mind, ABU General Assembly, which will Mutual cooperation and solidarity have always been present be hosted by TRT this year, is the central topic of this issue in the background of development and advancement in all of our magazine. fields. TRT moves in line with this idea. As a reflection of this, we take active part within Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union, As the only public broadcaster in Turkey with almost 50 year- of which we have been a member since 1964. The fact that long TV experience, 88 year-long radio history and a wide ABU General Assembly will be held in İstanbul is a clear and broadcast network in multiple platforms and its modern important indicator. With this General Assembly we want technological infrastructure, Turkish Radio and Television to make a major contribution from present to future. We Corporation is ever-more closer to its goal of offering the wanted our friends in Asia-Pacific geography to know us best within and outside the country. In this journey, the better and to know that they are closer to us than distances. corporation has marked major developments in becoming an activeIn the subject first of onethe internationalof the albums relations preparednetwork. in Astwo Turkish discs Radio Aşık and TelevisionVeysel Corporation,performs wehis consider own itworks. a mission to truly understand each other and portray each InternationalIn the organizationssecond album, that we Aşıkare a part Veysel of, protocols performs the pieces of masters that lived before him. we signed and number of countries we cooperate with other in the right way in a common platform. have significantly increased in four continents. This grand geography is the place that we have known and Especially in this century, as an undeniable necessity broken bread on with united hearts since time immemorial. of molding public opinion in the international arena, Now, as we do in a radio announcement; once again, we importance of cross-border broadcasting has increased say “Hello!” for eternal friendship with those we have met remarkably. We have acquired benefits and experience since time immemorial. QUARTERLY RADIO MAGAZINE

Publisher on Behalf of Turkish Radio and Television Corporation Dr. Süleyman Erdal, Head of TRT External Services Department

R Editor-in-Chief A D Y O QUARTERLY RADIO MAGAZINE / OCTOBER 2015 / 4 V HAVE YOU EVER READ RADIO? İ Z Y O Dr. Süleyman Erdal N

Editorial Coordinator FILE: The Role of Radıo ın Asıa - Pacıfıc RADIO IS EMOTIONAL ~ ŞENOL GÖKA EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF RADIO IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION ~ JAWHAR SIRCAR THE 52nd ABU GENERAL ASSEMBLY ~ JAVAD MOTTAGHI Şirin Sümer THE RELEVANCE OF RADIO CONTENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE ~ NEDRA WEERASINGHE NATURAL DISASTERS AND RADIO ~ AKINORI HASHIMOTO COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT BROADCASTING SERVICE IN HONG KONG ~ TAI KEEN-MAN • JACE AU LAI-NGAR ABU: A COMMON BROADCASTING VOICE FOR ASIA PACIFIC ~ S. NANDA ARMOOGUM Editor in Charge Eda Kotanoğlu Cardona

Editors CD Translated into English by From the Editor Olgu Tokdemir Özden Demiray Sultan Yanmaz Ömer Ayvaz G lobalizing Radio Aksel Koçak Didem Güneri Öztaşbaşı Lyrics Translated by Nurettin Turan Although it has been over a century since its invention, contrary to popular English / Özden Demiray Özlem Yalçın belief, the function of radio gradually increases with the new world order and Abdulhamid Chohan German / Gültekin Alkoyak changes shape in line with rapid developments in communication technologies. French / Göksel Ali Göksu Advisory Committee Arabic / Müfit Hürmüzlü On the one hand, the globalization process after the cold war brought societies Prof. Dr. Edibe Sözen Chinese / Zühre Varis Doç. Dr. Enderhan Karakoç Russian / Günay Kızılırmak closer and intensified cultural interaction and on the other hand, deeply Prof. Dr. Ertan Özensel affected international diplomacy and brought about new mediums such as Doç. Dr. Halûk Bengü media, culture, sports, science, art and education. Undoubtedly, “media” comes Regional Representatives to the forefront among these mediums that form the basis of public diplomacy Ankara • Filiz Özdemir Arıcıoğlu • [email protected] because television, radio and magazine publishing that are media tools reach Antalya • Mustafa Cansız • [email protected] out to a large audience. Today, media has become the most effective weapon Çukurova • Lütfi Kılınç • [email protected] Diyarbakır • Fatih Yılmaz • [email protected] of information transfer. In addition to this, it plays an active role in social, cultural, Erzurum • İsmail Bingöl • [email protected] economic and political contacts between societies and molding public opinion. İstanbul • Osman Nuri Boyacı • [email protected] İzmir • Hakan Özalpuk • [email protected] This social dimension of globalization as well as cultural heritage and other Trabzon • Yiğit Yavuz • [email protected] characteristics of countries are transmitted to targeted public opinion. Therefore, Translated by Web Design broadcasting content used by media plays an important role in terms of public Özden Demiray Hilal Baysal diplomacy because societies are informed, trained and brought closer thanks Ömer Ayvaz İbrahim Çam to this content. This media content should be transmitted to targeted public opinion not as propaganda but as an exchange of views, understanding and Legal Advisor Administrative Affairs explaining so that long-lasting relations and goal congruence are established. Recep Durgun Murat Baran Radio which is the only medium that media adorns with its voice and Advertisement imagination can make the country that it belongs to attractive with its cross Petek Ulusoy Arıca boundary mission and a regional or even global power. T: 0 312. 463 4264/65 [email protected] We have determined the cover story in this issue of our quarterly magazine as “The Role of Radio in the Asia Pacific Region” on the occasion of the 52nd ABU Social Media Esra Özbek General Assembly to be hosted by TRT in İstanbul from 24-31 October, 2015. In this special issue we have mentioned the place, role and significance of Thanks globalizing radio in the new world order from ABU one of the world's largest Zekeriya Aydın Berna Batmaz broadcasting unions that TRT has been a member since 1964 and members. Kyial Sydykova While touching on the importance of the 52nd ABU General Assembly being organized in İstanbul, we have also taken up the history and role of ABU. We Headquarters Location TRT Genel Müdürlüğü Dış Yayınlar Dairesi Başkanlığı have examined the development and role of radio in this region and taken up OR-AN / ANKARA • T: 0 312. 463 2377 radio’s struggle against new technology. You will feel deep inside your heart www.trtradyovizyondergisi.com that radio is indispensable in this region prone to natural disasters. On the other [email protected] hand, you will also witness the importance of preparation of radio content in ISSN 2148-9718 • PUBLISHING TYPE General/ Periodical the digital age. Date of Publishing 15 October 2015 On behalf of our organization, we extend our gratitude to executives of ABU and member organizations along with experts in their fields, who contributed to our Publishing Preparation and Design Son1Saat Tanıtım Ajansı magazine with their articles. Hüseyin Rahmi Sokağı 4/1 06680 Çankaya / ANKARA T: 0 312. 439 3075 • F: 0 312. 439 3076 In this context, in order to express ourselves on behalf of our country, we www.son1saat.com portrayed the relations of TRT –which aims to inform the public correctly and rapidly as a public broadcaster, with international and regional broadcasting Printing House Fersa Ofset Baskı Tesisleri unions. Ostim 36. Sokak No. 5/C-D Yenimahalle / ANKARA T: 0 312. 386 1700 (pbx) • F: 0 312. 386 1704 In this new century, when we experience similarities and differences at the same www.fersaofset.com time, radio morphed into an increasingly functional, indispensable culture tool as it serves the transfer of traditional structures to future generations. With the The views expressed in letters and articles published in the magazine are pleasure of reaching out to the world through radio, we wish many more years the responsibility of the author and have no binding on the magazine. with this magical tool… Eda Kotanoğlu Cardona All TRT Radio staff members are natural editors of the magazine. CONTENTS

TRT as a Public Service Broadcaster...... 66

Relations of TRT with International and Regional Broadcasting Unions...... 88

FILE / İstanbul Hosts 52nd ABU General Assembly ...... 1010

The Path to the Republic from the Farthest Media...... 2828

Interview / The Smell of Homeland at the Sounds of Life ...... 3232

The Magic World of 3s ...... 35...... 35

We are also Here / Can Someone Tell Me about Radio? ...... 36.36

A Multi-Dimensional Radio / The Mass One or the More Individual One? ...... 38...... 38

TRT İstanbul Radio ...... 4040

Interview / Radio Passengers - Zafer Akçay ...... 4242

Radio Academy / Creative Program Techniques ...... 4545

Japanese on the Radio ...... 4646

Malay on the Radio ...... 4848

Digital Radio Broadcasting / TRT DAB Pilot Project ...... 50...... 50

From the Studio/ Those Who Left Their Mark in Music ...... 52....52

Through the Producer’s Eyes / On the Roads of Anatolia-We are at Kakava Festival ...... 5454

Library / Radio Must Survive ...... 5959

Radio Films of the Silver Screen ...... 6060

News ...... 6262

Tunes and Melodies ...... 6464 Mümtaz Dizdarlar

AS A PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTER

May 6th, 1927… This date was a turning point for Turkey…Radio broadcasts that started at İstanbul radio are a milestone in the broadcasting business of TRT and Turkey…

A few months later Radio broadcasts started Duties of a public broadcaster at Ankara Radio in November 1927. An article TRT, a public service broadcaster, is funded by in the 1961 Constitution stipulated that “the a share from electric bills, tax label fees and administration of radio and television broadcasting advertising revenues. TRT the spending of which is in Turkey will be taken over by a public body” and supervised by the Turkish Grand National Assembly TRT attained its legal status on May 1, 1964. Thus, State Economic Enterprises Commission, is, in a radio broadcasting that continued under Press and sense, supervised by its real boss the “people.” This Information and Tourism Ministry was brought makes TRT different from other media companies together under the roof of TRT.. because a broadcasting corporation offering public service should be financially independent January 31, 1968 was another turning point in TRT’s and accountable. broadcasting adventure. This date when the first television broadcasts began was, at the same time, The duty of a public service broadcaster is to be in a position to prioritize the interests of the country, the first exciting day for TRT that would be regarded follow the policy of impartial broadcasting to all as a school for everyone in the media sector in the segments of society and reflect these in programs years to come… and news reports. The duties of TRT are listed as The 1982 Constitution, in its Article 133 and TRT follows in TRT law: law No. 2954, restructured TRT as an autonomous, With all types of educative, enlightening and impartial public legal entity that had its own law entertaining news, culture, science, art, and and arrangements. entertainment programs targeting domestic audiences, the objective is to help Private TV broadcasts that started in the early 1990s followed by the establishment of Radio and n Atatürk’s principles and reforms to take root Television Supreme Council, brought about the and the Republic of Turkey to attain national targets necessity to make new arrangements. Besides TRT, to surpass the level of contemporary civilization, private (commercial) radio and television stations n To protect and strengthen the existence and would be freely established under the constitution. independence of the state, indivisible integrity

6 RADYOvizyon of the state with its territory and nation, public radio and online broadcasts and its objective is to security and order and qualities of a democratic, provide accurate, impartial, comprehensible and secular and social state of law respectful of human latest news to viewers and listeners of all ages, rights and based on Atatürk nationalism with an different professions, educational and cultural understanding of national solidarity and justice, background, contribute to their educational and cultural development, educate while entertaining n To develop national education and national them and enable national cultural integrity. TRT culture, provides news flow from Turkey for Turks residing n To protect national security policy, national and abroad and broadcasts programs that will maintain economic interests of the state, their ties with Turkey and Turkish culture. These n To form free and healthy public opinion in line programs are like a voice and a breath from Turkey with the principles of the Constitution; and keep national, human, moral and cultural values as well as the feeling of unity and solidarity And in broadcasts targeting international alive. TRT broadcasts programs on Turkish culture, audiences, the objective is historical assets and lifestyle as well as informative n To introduce the state in all spheres, and enlightening programs on propaganda made against our country. It also considers the correct n To help Turkish nationals abroad to maintain and eloquent use of Turkish as an essential part of their relations with the Republic of Turkey. responsibility in broadcasting. Why is public service broadcasting necessary? Another function performed by TRT is to prepare Public service broadcasting takes precedence broadcasts that will boost the morale of Turkish over other channels with its national and regional nationals, ensure that they maintain close ties broadcasting possibilities, wide broadcast network, with the Republic of Turkey by shedding light on impartial news and quality programs. the solution to their problems and introduce the Although it draws reaction from the audience from culture of the country where they reside to facilitate time to time due to its strict and unfailing principles, their adaptation. public service broadcasting has always been a Broadcasts in 41 languages and dialects “confirmation center” before biased or inaccurate, TRT aims to contribute positively to Turkey’s relations speculative and manipulative news and broadcasts in the international arena and particularly its relations of other stations. with countries in the region through TV channels Public service broadcasting that broadcasts with broadcasting in different languages and dialects, the money of the people is “sina qua non” in the the Voice of Turkey radio and web broadcasts in 41 sector as it does not present a commercial point of languages and dialects. view or damage audience confidence and loyalty To form a positive public opinion in the world by and reaches out to people being aware of its introducing Turkey and Turkish people, reflect strides responsibility. made by our country in political, social, cultural and TRT’s Function and Responsibility economic fields and ensure that target audience addressed takes more interest in and provides more TRT that has adopted as a principle providing support for Turkey are among TRT’s objectives. “accurate, quick and impartial” news to Turkey and the world in today’s broadcasting world where Present Outlook of TRT there are many international, national and regional TRT’s broadcasting journey that started in 1927, television stations, reaches out to its viewers and continues in Turkey and the world today with listeners with its educational, cultural, sports, music, 14 television channels, 5 national, 5 regional, 3 entertainment and children’s programs as well international and 3 local radio stations, trt.net. as documentaries and dramas. These programs tr internet address, trtvotworld.com website are also broadcast in various media platforms in broadcasting in 41 languages and dialects, different languages and dialects besides Turkey. teletext, printed magazines called “TeleVİZYON”, TRT that broadcasts to 99% of Turkey also reaches “RadyoVİZYON” and “TRT Çocuk” and digital out to a wide geographical area from Australia to the magazines called “ TRT Haber DD”, “TRT Spor” and U.S. and from Russia to Africa through its television, “Televizyon”...

7 Çağlan Tankur Yörümez

RELATIONS OF TRT WITH INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL BROADCASTING UNIONS

In modern times, when technological developments are taking place at a mindboggling pace and audience/viewer habits are changing rapidly, public service broadcasters are facing ever-increasing competition conditions and challenging financial setbacks… At this point, solidarity and cooperation of all public service broadcasters around the world is of crucial importance.

I n order to have this solidarity in a more TRT-ABU relations started with membership in professional atmosphere, public service 1964 and relations are still underway with TRT’s broadcasters come together under the roof of Administrative Council membership in ABU since international broadcasting unions for certain 2001.TRT is also represented in ABU Planning and activities. Strategy Group and Technical Committee.

TRT is also in contact and cooperation with Besides conducting negotiations on broadcasting both regional and international broadcasting rights of popular sports events, the Union facilitates organizations and unions to seek common in various fields such as Asiavision news exchange solutions to current problems, share good network; common production and program exchange; legal, technical and administrative examples of implementations, and secure the counseling services; and sector conferences. As exchange of information and experience… Let’s the region frequently suffers from natural disasters take a look at TRT’s memberships in other unions. like earthquakes, floods, and tsunamis, ABU holds ASIA-PACIFIC BROADCASTING UNION – ABU seminars, workshops and symposiums to increase awareness among related societies and official In terms of international relations and cooperation agencies; to develop broadcasting strategies to Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU) is one of the follow for broadcasting organizations in the region organizations, with which TRT works most intensely and early warning systems for climate change and and actively. Founded in 1964, ABU intends to natural disasters. improve broadcasting in Asia-Pacific region in technology and content; to protect the common Among other activities of ABU we can count ABU Radio and TV Prizes and the first regional TV and interests of broadcasting organizations in the radio song festival of Asia-Pacific since 2012. region and strengthen international and regional cooperation in broadcasting. With 274 members TRT plays an active role in supporting ABU activities from a total of 67 countries, the Union addresses and projects and is pleased to host the ABU 60% of world population. Headquarters of the General Assembly and side-meetings in İstanbul in Union is located in Malaysian capital Kuala Lumpur. October 2015.

8 EUROPEAN BROADCASTING UNION –EBU

Founded in 1950 in Geneva, Switzerland, European Broadcasting Union (EBU) has 73 active members from Europe and nearby countries and 34 partner members from 20 other countries. Among its prominent goals and tasks are; protecting and defending the role of public media service, improving cooperation among members and providing audio-visual content exchange through PERMANENT CONFERENCE OF THE Eurovision and Euroradio. MEDITERRANEAN AUDIOVISUAL OPERATORS –COPEAM TRT is a founding and active member of the EBU. Although its name is not well-known by citizens COPEAM was founded in Italian capital Rome in in Turkey and European countries, Eurovision Song 1996. TRT representative serves as Vice-President Contest organized by the EBU is quite a popular in the organization, which consists of media and event… Other than Eurovision Song Contest, broadcasting organizations in the Mediterranean the Union organizes a variety of events like region, radio-TV producers, professional Eurovision Dance Contest and Eurosonic Festivals. companies, associations, institutes, festivals and Also, on behalf of its members the EBU conducts international organizations. negotiations for broadcasting rights of various In 2009, TRT became a member of COPEAM, sports events like FIFA World Cup, Olympic Games which has a total of 91 members. Through its and Ski World Cup. subcommittees on television, radio and training, EBU manages its activities in line with the mission various projects and co-productions are being of making public service media indispensable. realized on Mediterranean music, society, women, TRT actively takes part in various committees and geography and refugees. working groups of the EBU. MEDITERRANEAN CENTER FOR AUDIOVISUAL EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATION – CMCA SERVICE MEDIA IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE Having been established in Marseilles –the (EAPSMSEE) cute port city of France, in 1995, Mediterranean European Association of Public Service Media in Center for Audiovisual Communication is a small South East Europe (EAPSMSEE), of which TRT is a union with 25 members and mainly represents founding member, was founded in Zagreb, Croatia North African and South Mediterranean countries. Besides the broadcasting groups in the in 2010. It intends to support the development of Mediterranean, CMCA has audiovisual producers public service media in South East Europe and and actors under its roof. The organization serves encourage the mutual exchange of information, as an exchange platform for public and private experience, programs and so on. The Union sector entrepreneurs interested in the promotion has 13 members and continues activities with of Mediterranean culture. work groups regarding radio, television, new media, digitalization and technology, digitizing TRT became a member of CMCA in 2007. Joint of archives, joint productions, relations with production projects, documentary workshops and European organizations and agencies, education, trainings on various fields are some of the major regulations, and commercial issues. TRT offers activities of CMCA, which is also the organizer of training and support to other members PriMEd Documentary and Interview Award. Many especially on digitization of archives and budget young producers compete for this award with management. their short films.

9 RADYOvizyon The Role of Radıo ın Asıa-Pacıfıc İSTANBUL HOSTS 52ND ABU GENERAL FILE ASSEMBLY

ABU (Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union) which is one of the world's largest broadcasting unions, serves 60% of the world population with more than 275 members from 68 countries. Having left behind 50 years, the 52nd ABU General Assembly will convene in istanbul on October 24-31, 2015. Besides hosting distinguished guests in İstanbul, TRT brings esteemed authors onto the pages of Radyovizyon magazine. We are proud to host and witness a grand period in broadcasting history.

12 RADIO IS EMOTIONAL 13 EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF RADIO IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION 14 THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZING THE 52ND ABU GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN İSTANBUL 15 NATURAL DISASTERS AND RADIO 16 OVERVIEW OF THE ABU PRIZES-RADIO CATEGORY 18 THE RELEVANCE OF RADIO CONTENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE 20 RADIO AND NEW TECHNOLOGY EMPOWERING THE PUBLIC IN RADIO BROADCASTING 22 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT BROADCASTING SERVICE IN HONG KONG 23 ABU: A COMMON BROADCASTING VOICE FOR ASIA-PACIFIC 26 COMMUNITY RADIO: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE

10 RADYOvizyon

Hello to our friends, Radio played a Turkey is host to 14 Listeners became ABU Prizes are who honored our critical role in Asia- world heritage sites. the news source of headed for another invitation with their Pacific region. programs. 50 years of exciting presence! and dynamic media atmosphere.

Şenol Göka Jawhar Sircar Dr. Javad Mottaghi Akinori Hashimoto Tatsuhiro Beniko TRT Director General CEO Prasar Bharati ABU Secretary General Executive Controller, ABU General Broadcasting Programming Director Administration, NHK

Your listeners are New technology One other 15% of CIBS your “superstars…” is disturbing the unmatched feature programs are business model of of CIBS is the produced by radio industry in emphasis it makes on minorities. multiple ways. “Social Gains.”

Nedra Weerasinghe Steve Ahern Tai Keen-man Jace AU Lai-ngar MBA Group Director, AHERN RTHK Vice President for Head of Digital Audio Electronic Media Business, Media and Training Broadcasts Broadcasting, RTHK MTV Channel Pvt Ltd. Director General MBC Networks Pvt Ltd.

ALL INDIA RADIO (AIR)

HİNDİSTAN RADYO KURUMU

ABU is serving more Giving the messages in than half of the local dialects and with local world population. discourse increases interest and confidence.

S. Nanda Armoogum All India Radio ABU News Director, Editor 11 RADYOvizyon

RADIO IS EMOTIONAL

Şenol Göka

I believe the statement onwards with the leading role in broadcasting in the headline is technology in all broadcasting fields. TRT is the best possible way ready to commit to its part and mobilize all of of summarizing the role its potential to strengthen this cooperation. We of radio in Asia-Pacific have total belief that this emotional geography geography. Being emotional will rapidly move towards cooperation in line with is especially a common feat in well-defined targets. the relations network of ABU, of which we are also a part. The word “emotional” should not be seen as “romanticism” alone. TRT is full of hope and Excitement, touchiness, traditionalism, confidence being patient, sadness and hope are a pack of words to truly express the word “emotional” in our regarding the role ABU will geography. play in the broadcasting In an atmosphere in which we are getting field in upcoming years. prepared to host the 52nd ABU General Assembly, evaluating relations with ABU around radio is Initiatives of brothers extremely important to underline “emotionality” and sisters trying to that I have been trying to express… strengthen cooperation We as the children of a culture in which people celebrate with joy bordering exaggeration when mainly on radio so far, will they meet after a long break; we look at the ABU be much stronger from now geography with emotional eyes. A similar joy can be seen in the meetings of radio aficionados. In onwards with the leading this regard we can always witness expressions role in broadcasting filled with emotions and longing from people, who feel close to each other. technology I hope the upcoming ABU General Assembly will in all broadcasting fields. be the scene of a meeting, where we are going to experience these feelings with utmost jubilation. TRT will continue to share with broadcasting TRT, thanks to its long radio broadcasting organizations of our brother geography the background, has the experience to offer such a important experience it has gained through spirit at the General Assembly. partnering international organizations. It is highly possible that our guests will also Continuation of our togetherness in the future as contribute to sharing of this joy in İstanbul with it is today is our biggest wish. the rest of the world. ABU members’ accepting I genuinely hope the 52nd ABU General Assembly our invitation has both added value to our call and in İstanbul will bring abundance to the “emotional strengthened respect felt towards TRT’s history geography” that we see as the “board of and experience. TRT is full of hope and confidence brotherhood.” I want to say “welcome” in advance- regarding the role ABU will play in the broadcasting to all our friends, who honored us by accepting field in upcoming years. Initiatives of brothers and our invitation to share the joy of this meeting… sisters trying to strengthen cooperation mainly on radio so far, will be much stronger from now With most heartfelt regards…

12 RADYOvizyon

EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF RADIO IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION

Jawhar Sircar T hough radio transmission was established a few 'patriotism' and a pride in the past through freshly- years before the twentieth century, it was only strengthened cultic heroes. Its stirring appeals after the World War I that real progress was made in helped rally national unity during wars and other the Western world. The BBC was set up in the UK in crises. This was hardly the case in the West, where 1922 and private radio operators made their initial the radio may not have been not called upon to forays in America and a few advanced countries. play in forging a new national consciousness to Some Asian-Pacific countries started their own such a degree. experiments with radio during the 1920s and Radio played a critical role in the Asia Pacific India, Australia, China, Korea and Japan are among region not only in strengthening national those that took an active interest. By the 1930s, identities, but also performing a unique function Turkey, Thailand and a few others also started in national development, especially in spreading radio transmission but the real leap forward in this consciousness of health, hygiene, pre and post- region actually took place when colonial countries natal care mass education. It helped form new ramped up their services in these colonized social habits, like queuing up, and in orthodox countries when they were severely threatened by societies, it did wonders in gender sensitisation Japan during the World War II. and women's welfare. Whether it be in the Soon after this war, the European powers eradication of polio and malaria or in the control left this zone and the new independent or of cholera and other water-borne diseases, the rejuvenated nations set up their own public radio nation states in this region now possessed the corporations, as this was the best method of mass most powerful tool of mass communication in communication. The CRI of China, RRI of Indonesia, their radio services, that none had ever before. the RTM of Malaysia and the KBS of Korea are good As rural societies moved into the modern world examples, while countries like India started rapid it was the radio that became their constant expansion to bind their nation stronger. Thus, companions, as it usually spoke to them in their the first major role that radio played in the new own tongues. Agriculture and its modernisation nations was to bring their people together in one was a prime challenge to all less developed and conscious emotional bonding, especially where developing nations, and most of those in this cultural or ethnic complexities existed. Asia pacific area fell into this group. Before the television arrived properly in the 1980s, it was the The 'national language' or standard pronunciations radio that single-handedly brought messages on or spellings were reinforced and a pride in the exact agronomic practices that were essential for history and heritage of the people was underlined, every crop during each season. Besides, it helped rather successfully. There may be exceptions, but in the development of agro-based industries and in general, it is a fact that the radio carried the in fostering SMEs, small and medium enterprises. ‘official’ or ‘common narrative’ to distant corners of the liberated colonies or in the post-War nations, But what radio services are we talking about? as nothing before ever could. Songs and radio While Short Wave could rule in splendour till plays as well as news and informed discussions about the 1970s, traversing huge distances with sewed common identities through a novel national and international messaging, it was exciting medium. Differences that exist in every the Medium Wave that really succeeded more society, possibly because of limited interaction and effectively in connecting the new nations, from lesser consciousness of other social groups and the 1970s till the last decade of the 20th century. contesting identities, were tackled by the national Besides, satellite links that arrived some four radio services with dexterity as they stressed on decades ago, helped connect radio services in commonness and on harmonious relations. Radio distant corners. It meant that radio programmes plays and history based programmes instilled could be heard even if the originating and relay

13 RADYOvizyon

stations were nor directly connected through priority to MW. While several countries welcomed terrestrial connections. Lastly, the transistor the arrival of private enterprise FM in urban areas, brought in portability and affordability in receiver this also meant the fragmentation of unified sets, giving radio a quantum leap in the 1960s and command structures of national radios. Public this democratisation made the radio the most broadcasters have played a heroic role in the new powerful medium. and developing nations of Asia and the Pacific for several decades but as nations 'mature', citizens FM services showed a dramatic rise in the present often clamour for more variety and this is now the century and even a decade before and many new challenge among older radio services in this nations have shut down SW and are giving lesser vast swathe of the globe.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZING THE 52ND ABU GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN İSTANBUL

Dr. Javad Mottaghi T he rise of Asia -Pacific is evident through its technical broadcasting standards and systems in development and growth acceleration. Countries the region. The ABU is the biggest broadcasting in this region are leading the way towards a new union amongst the world's eight broadcasting world economic order. To keep this economy unions, and covers the largest geographic area and robust and maintain a healthy productivity growth biggest number of audiences in the world. over all, it is important to have an approach The ABU aims through its activities to also reduce that is both inclusive and global. It is therefore gaps between broadcasters on common issues. important, in today’s connected world, to meet the We use the platform of the ABU to strengthen heightened expectations of citizens and to engage ties between the member organizations and in good international relations through effective collaborate through successful projects. The communication strategies. Media organizations commonalities are highlighted and the focus is on have a key role to play in this process especially in celebrating the diversity in the region as diverse the digital era. as the Asia and Pacific. The ABU runs a variety of The Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU) was activities, including the daily Asiavision TV news formed understanding this importance and to exchange exchanging almost 10,000 news items contribute towards the collective development each year, mainly through cutting edge clause of broadcasters in the region. ABU is a non-profit, based technology. In fact, cooperative progress non-government, professional association of is the watchword of the ABU, which supports broadcasting organizations, formed in 1964 to numerous co-production projects and program facilitate the development of broadcasting in the exchanges and provides technical, programming, Asia-Pacific region and to organize co-operative legal and management consultancy services, activities amongst its members. It currently has including international frequency and treaties over 270 members in 68 countries, reaching a planning and coordination. In assisting its members potential audience of over 3 billion people. The ABU also provides rights free content acquisition ABU provides a forum for promoting the collective for developing countries, negotiates rights for interests of television and radio broadcasters, and major sports events and organizes coverage for encourages regional and international partnership the region while encouraging maximum coverage and co-operation between broadcasters. in the interest of the audiences. It organizes key The ABU also works closely with the regional conferences and summits, seminars, workshops broadcasting unions in other parts of the world and capacity building activities and offers annual on matters of common interest, and with many ABU Radio Prizes for radio and television programs. other international organizations, to exchange It also initiated the ABU TV Song Festival, ABU Radio information on the latest developments in Song Festival, the region’s Global News Forum, broadcasting, undertake activities to improve the only pan Asia-Pacific Radio Conference, Pacific the skills and technologies of its members, and Media Partnership Conference, Central-Asia Forum, encourage harmonization of operating and Disaster Risk reduction Media Summit, hosted

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the first World Summit on Media for Children in This year’s General Assembly will be an important Asia, and initiated a joined cooperative project platform in strengthening the action plan leading the Media2020 Conference that encourages to 2020. As the Union is working towards fostering cooperation between the European and Asian a stronger relationship with media organizations broadcasters. Critical issues such as gender beyond the region, there could not have been a equality, protecting earth, encourage technological more fitting venue than İstanbul- Turkey, which is developments are also part of the ABU mandate. a perfect amalgamation of Europe and Asia. It is The ABU also facilitates workshops and training a good example of cultural, religious, economic, in disaster risk reduction and on challenges faced social, and geographical diversity playing a positive by countries due to the climate change. Keeping role in the growth of the country. Turkey hosts everyone informed on the developments the 14 world heritage sites making it an extremely ABU also publishes information for its members. rich country historically with a strong traditional Last year the ABU celebrated its 50 years of taking background and at the same time with a new Asia-Pacific values of harmony, collaboration and modern outlook. The ABU is extremely happy that cooperation to promote the collective interests of the 2015 General Assembly with the theme Serving TV and radio broadcasters. This year the ABU family Audiences: Empowering the Asia-Pacific has a fitting will be meeting in İstanbul with its eyes firmly set venue in İstanbul, the most vibrant city of Turkey. on sketching the map for the future. The ABU family is looking forward to successfully The 52nd ABU General Assembly and Associated sailing through the meetings, advancing stronger Meetings will be hosted by one of the ABU’s leading partnerships, and learning from each other in the member, TRT in İstanbul during the last week of fascinating city of İstanbul that straddles Europe October. and Asia across the beautiful Bosporus Strait.

NATURAL DISASTERS AND RADIO

Akinori Hashimoto O n March 11th, 2011, at 14:46 JST, a massive portable radio and car radio became a vital source earthquake registering a magnitude of 9.0 of information. According to an interview survey occurred off the coast of northeastern region in conducted by the Japan Commercial Broadcasters Japan. The earthquake subsequently caused a Association among 500 people living in temporary tsunami on the Pacific coast claiming more than housing, approximately 60% replied that radio was 18,000 lives. At the time of “The Great East Japan the most useful source of information for a week Earthquake”, in addition to “primary information” following the earthquake. Furthermore, according such as information on tsunami, the extent of the to a nationwide public opinion survey conducted damage which became rapidly apparent, and by NHK two years after the earthquake, when asked announcements by the disaster management what would be the preferred source of information headquarters, NHK’s radio services also devoted at the time of disaster, more than 70% replied “radio”. their efforts in delivering “lifeline information”. Radio came to be highly recognized once again as Information about daily life such as water and “the medium” in times of disaster. food supply and restoration of electricity and gas is vital to evacuees. Five days after the earthquake, On the other hand, because it was the first time for NHK’s Sendai Station, located in one of the heavily NHK to broadcast lifeline information so extensively, affected areas, launched a local radio program that various issues also became evident. First, it took 5 specialized in lifeline information and continued its days to launch a program. Ordinarily, radio services broadcast for the next six months. in local stations are operated by small number of personnel centering on announcers. However, At its peak, it was broadcast 8 times a day, for a total of it takes certain number of people to gather vast 6 hours and 20 minutes. Due to extended electricity amounts of information required by the victims at and communication failures at the affected areas, the time of chaos. At NHK’s Sendai Station, it took

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some time to establish a 30-member production affected areas saying that local commercial radio team that included support staff from other NHK stations and community radio stations were more stations, college students and retired former NHK helpful than NHK. Through their introduction of staff members, in addition to announcers. In order e-mails and fax messages from listeners on their to launch a program much earlier, it is necessary to regular programs, commercial and community radio make a list of human resources on a regular basis so stations have a solid built-in listener base. As a result, that they can be mobilized promptly. information on the damage continued to stream in from listeners at the time of the earthquake and they Second, the proficiency of the production team became programs’ information source. On the other was not adequate. Because those belonging to hand, due to their focus on nationwide broadcast, news department were busy with their own task at NHK’s radio services offer fewer local programs hand at the time of major earthquake, production team comprised of staff from outside of the news other than news. Ties with local listeners are not as department and retired former NHK staff become in strong and information failed to come in when it charge of lifeline information. It takes considerable was needed. Since then, NHK has launched a local amount of training to be able to deliver various radio program after the earthquake in an effort to information released by administrative agencies in strengthen network with its listeners. Moreover, it is a simple and comprehensive manner. In addition, reinforcing cooperative relationship with community there is also a need to build a network of experts radio stations so that information can be shared in such as disaster reduction experts, lawyers who are time of need. knowledgeable on earthquake-related legal issues, The historical earthquake in Japan has led to a psychiatrists well-versed in survivors’ mental health regained recognition of radio as the medium care who will be ready to go on the air when the in times of disaster. Now radio is on the path of need arises. a further evolution so that it can deliver more Third, lack of information due to insufficient listeners detailed information as it stands side-by-side with network. Some voiced harsh comments at the the survivors.

OVERVIEW OF THE ABU PRIZES -RADIO CATEGORY

Tatsuhiro Beniko

B efore going into detail of the ABU Prizes itself, to raise educational and cultural standards and to it might be necessary to mention that the history strengthen international understanding among the of the ABU Prizes is closely related to the history people of the ABU member countries and regions.” of ABU. ABU, then Asian Broadcasting Union, was This objective remains true even today and also founded in 1964 with the purpose of development expands itself to other activities of the programme and cooperation of the public broadcasters in department. this region. The founding members consisted of only 27 organizations including TRT, Turkey. In the When ABU Prizes started, there was only one very first ABU General Assembly of the Union, the category for radio and TV due to the limited establishment of an international competition for programming formats that were explored among radio and TV programmes titled the “ABU Prizes” broadcasters. Since this is a radio magazine, we was approved. So ABU Prizes also celebrated its 50 will concentrate more on the progress of how the years like the Union last year and is now moving radio awards section developed for the ABU Prizes. into another 50 more years of exciting and the most The most important element of broadcasting was dynamic media environment. for information and therefore it was fitting to have The genesis behind the ABU Prizes was “to promote the award in the category of rural documentary for the excellence in radio and TV production in order radio as the first and only award during its inception.

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In the 70s and 80s new categories were introduced respectively: music category for folk music and children category. In the 90s, ABU Prizes contest were given a complete revamp by following a review by a study group appointed by the ABU Programme Committee. Today, the membership of the ABU is more than 270 members of which over 100 are qualified to entry for the Prizes. The ABU receives around100 number of entries yearly (for radio) and with the gradual growth in radio in terms of content, creativity and reach newer formats emerged resulting in more categories as well. Currently the ABU Prizes has 6 categories that include drama, documentary, news reporting, community service announcement, interactive programme and on-air personality. These categories reflect relevant programme genres (drama, documentary, news reporting and community service announcement categories) and the way the programmes are delivered to audiences (interactive programme and on-air personality categories). The categories are constantly evolving and the ABU Prizes Reform Working Party Group monitors the trends in the markets and advises changes to the Prizes accordingly. Judging is the most important part of any programme contest. Like most international radio/ TV awards, judging consists of two processes; pre-selection and final judge. Both pre and final judgments are done by point-system, where each jury scores each programme by giving point to criteria like 1)target and aim, 2)originality of the content, 3)structure and 4)production technique. The genesis behind The judging process is a hard task for radio category compared to TV category where the juries can the ABU Prizes was “to share the images; the common language for TV promote the excellence in media. In the case of Radio category, some of the programmes are made in their local language, so radio and TV production in juries sometimes need to refer to English scripts (translation) to make proper evaluation and takes order to raise educational more time. However, this has not hampered the and cultural standards and increasing entries for radio. How the fairness is maintained is very important to strengthen international factor at judging. ABU Programme Department, understanding among the which organizes this contest, takes utmost care to nominating the pre-selection and final juries. Not people of the ABU only experience in this industry but also regional or member countries and cultural background of the juries and their balances are carefully considered. Due to these efforts, ABU regions.” Prizes gained a reputation as prestigious awards that

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contributed to the improvement of programme effort so far for the preparation and also look forward standards. to another memorable ceremony, which will reflect ABU Prizes Award Ceremony is one of the main the history and diversity of İstanbul. events that are organized during the annual ABU Radio is facing many challenges from new media, General Assembly. Each year the member hosting especially from the Internet and various social the General Assembly has presented this ceremony media. Potential young and adult audiences of radio by celebrating the cultures of Asia which further are more and more attracted to these new media. enriched this event. These ceremonies have However the proliferation of new technology has created many memorable moments for winners resulted in good opportunities as radio’s flexibility and audiences alike beyond the General Assembly venue as members have often broadcasted the and new media’s reach has resulted in a good event live. marriage between the content and its platform. With more and more radio broadcasters going on Since ABU Prizes is the only international programme line, we may need to soon create new category(s) award in this region with half a century of history, for new media content programming in our Prizes. this award and Award Ceremony is prestigious for both winners and hosts of ABU GA. The ABU Prizes has been evolving along with the This year, ABU Prizes Award Ceremony will take changing media landscape and we hope that place in İstanbul, the beautiful and historical city in with this award platform the ABU will be able to Turkey where the East and the West meet. The host promote and contribute towards a healthier radio organization is TRT, Turkey. We really appreciate their environment in the region.

THE RELEVANCE OF RADIO CONTENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Nedra Weerasignhe T he intention of this article is to mainly trigger by on air radio personalities was largely through some thoughts on the growing importance of local & national newspapers or Entertainment Radio content along with the advancement of & pop culture magazines, which largely made technology. It’s not the first time that Radio has up the basis for a show prep. The advent of the seen its place in the modern media landscape digital age changed all that dramatically with questioned and doubted. Back in the 40s and 50s everything being available at the click of a button. with the arrival of the new kid on the block TV the Vast quantities of data are ready for any on air show prediction of doom and gloom for this “old media” host prep with an internet browser and smart format was evident. The good news is radio is still phone or mobile device. Therefore, Relevance one finding ways to survive and even flourish. The of the key components in content preparation consumption patterns of radio cannot be equated and audience interest then becomes king. With so around the globe. The relevance of its presence much information available how does a radio host in our own landscapes needs to be a personal plan a show? How does a program director decide experience for each broadcaster. what content gets priority over others. Can he/ she still have an objective assessment on what will be How important is radio in our lives and more the most relevant content to their audience? It’s importantly in our marketing and media important to realize that your audience has a point plans? How much importance do we place as of view. broadcasters on the fundamentals of good radio content and do we understand the ways in which Radio is about story telling. The best content often audiences receive us and advertisers perceive our comes from real life experience! Put content value first. While you should know what content has value? value you should also know what has no value Prior to wide spread internet access and smart to the listener. Every bit of content should be phones content preparation and presentation entertaining, interesting or useful. Your listeners

18 RADYOvizyon are the super stars therefore what affects them emotional connection between the radio station personally is what matters most. The relevance and its audience. Every listener is looking for a well and context of what you provide will keep your programmed and great sounding station. This audience engaged to stay with your show. becomes a powerful tool to attract and retain your audiences and advertisers. Working in a competitive media environment where audiences are deciding what to listen to Audience experience drives growth. How does on which platform it is necessary to understand your audience perceive your station? Take time our obligation as broadcasters. If we are serious to look and listen to your station from the outside about expanding and adding value to the in. Compelling audience experience is the driver listener experience of your station for long term of bottom line growth. The context of content sustainability you need to spend quality time in for your target audience will shape the audience developing quality content which is extendable experience of your station which will in turn to digital platforms. Once that is done how you translate to revenue potential. Great programming plug your shows with this quality content to bring keeps people listening. Changes great and small context to your audience becomes a priority. drive growth. If we are serious about audience experience we cannot be risk averse nor can there This will ultimately win you the listeners and great be wasted day parts or protected programs on listenership figures coverts into currency for your your station. Work purposefully towards a plan to station. improve or get rid of programs that are limiting With the social media revolution, radio audiences success. It is constantly work in progress. The big are no longer content to just sit and listen to you. picture is what matters when all is "said " and done. They want to interact. Audience engagement through your distinctive content and active participation as a community Use social media intelligently to your advantage. leader who has the power to make a difference will Many shows use social media badly with no win you credibility goodwill and profitability. coherent thought or strategy. Social media can be as good as how you use it. Make your content Every listener is looking more sharable and build relationships with your online audiences. Make your content easy to for a well programmed find and most importantly remember find your and great sounding social media “style" no one can be everywhere so experiment and find your niche. It should be an station. This becomes extension of yourself into the digital space. Along with this, audio branding on web-based platforms a powerful tool to is just as important .The online listening experience attract and retain should include some form of audio branding before and after every story/segment. As much as your audiences and you work on your programming your stations on advertisers. air imaging and creative aspects of a show is as Listening requires an active response, not a passive important. Remember, the goal is for the listener one. Effective listening doesn’t just happen; it takes to credit the station as the source of the quality thought and thinking can be hard work. Think listening experience. This will most likely get you about the complexities of listening, and work to online brand loyalty. understand them. Think about your listeners and Content structure techniques are important. Well- what it would take for you as a radio station to be produced and well-used radio imaging creates an important component of their lifestyles. Things stationality, provides structure and enhances the change. Adjust to the situation and most of all stay flow. Use the production technology to produce relevant to your audience on whichever platform some good feature openers, station idents or talk- they choose to listen to you. Why not give them over beds and create impact instead of clutter. Your what they love instead of giving them something brand is what you mean to the listeners. This is the they can just tolerate?

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RADIO AND NEW TECHNOLOGY

Steve Ahern R adio remains a powerful personal medium, multi-media content suppliers can also use the with a direct connection to the hearts and minds power of the smart phone to get their content of its audience, but it is being challenged by new into the pockets of the audience. Radio cannot technology. be complacent, it has to fight for relevance on the audience’s smart devices. The challenge is not unprecedented. Radio survived the earlier challenge of television by Audio. You can do other things while listening to reinventing its business model and repositioning the radio. The power of audio to accompany the its content offering. It can do so again, but it takes audience as they go about their daily activities is still careful planning by radio company executives to a unique position for radio, which gives it strength execute successful future-proof strategies. to compete against other screen dependent media. But radio no longer has this ground all to Free to air terrestrial radio’s business model is to itself, there are new competitors. give away its product free to listeners, then to make money by selling the ears of the listeners Music Streaming Services. Music streaming to its commercial or government funders. The services such as Pandora, Spotify, Deezer and others cost of production is also a significant factor in are reinventing the way audiences consume music. the equation. Like all good businesses, survival They have replaced our record and CD collections depends on achieving the correct balance with a store-house of individual songs that can be between income and expenditure. accessed on demand wherever and whenever the audience wants. Listeners either pay a subscription New technology is disrupting the radio industry to have access to the biggest music libraries in the business model in many ways. Here are some of world, or accept advertising in return for a free the trends you need to be aware of to help your service. Pandora earned US$ 600 million in 2014 broadcast business keep pace with the changes: by renting music to its millions of users. iTunes has just launched its streaming radio service called Competition. The internet is the biggest Beats1. The music radio business model is being transmitter in the world. It crosses borders and reinvented by these new services and is another brings more competition to stations that used to be challenge to the traditional radio business model. protected by the limitations of terrestrial broadcast transmission range. It has allowed audiences to have more choice, bringing unprecedented competition The power of audio to to radio businesses. The cost of bandwidth can be a barrier, but, with data costs reducing in most accompany the countries, this is only a short term barrier to entry audience as they for audiences seeking more content choices. go about their daily Portability. In the days where computers and televisions were too big to fit in your pocket, the activities is still portable transistor radio had a unique position. Now, connected multi-media smart phones bring a unique position for sound, vision and the power of the computer radio, which gives it to your pocket. Radio companies must take advantage of the power of the pocket by making strength to compete sure they can bring their content to the pocket of against other screen every listener through apps and other online tools. But the playing field has changed, now television dependent broadcasters, podcasters, YouTubers and other media.

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Social Connectedness. Radio was the first social medium, back then it was called talkback. Radio has a natural advantage in the social media age if it is confident enough to use social media to its advantage. Radio producers and presenters already know how to generate and moderate talkback, they just need to apply these skills to the new social media, not just to read out messages, but to actively engage with the communities they build around their radio shows. A big social media fan base can bring large audiences and instant feedback to radio, but social media is a double- edged sword, everything is public, so it can also be damaging if used unwisely.

Studios and Transmission. Free to air transmission is becoming digital and studios are embracing digital systems to improve production workflow. When moving to digital transmission stations must evolve to one of the digital radio standards available, such as DRM or DAB, to ensure that radio is able to transmit audio plus rich data, and be advantage of the search, sort, viral and long tail heard on all digital devices. A world radio receiver characteristics of the internet. Watch this space for chip is well overdue, and broadcasters should more developments as radio businesses continue champion universal receiver technologies so that, on their drive for efficiency. Products coming onto whatever transmission-standard is used, audiences the market in this area include Rewind Radio and will be able to receive all available signals. Omni.

Smart phones. They are not really just phones Social Media Superficiality. Of all the billions of anymore, let’s call them what they really are - the tweets, posts, grams and chats consuming the world’s smallest, most powerful, personal, multi- social mediascape at the moment, most of them media capture, edit and consumption devices. are trivial, superficial or just plain wrong. Yet there They are devices which put the world’s knowledge is still a demand for well-researched, trustworthy in your pocket and make everyone potentially content that will rise above the dross of food a content creator. We really are living in the photos, fan gossip and selfies. As established information age. Smart phones are becoming the broadcasters with reputations to uphold, existing most common receivers, so radio signals must radio businesses can take the high ground when it be able to be received in smart phones. Phone comes to content by making sure what they publish companies should install and activate receiver on social media is just as credible as the content chips in phones and radio stations must embrace on their main broadcast outlets. But being credible the convenience of apps and responsive delivery doesn’t mean being slow or boring. Credibility in so their audiences have choices about how to hear the modern age also requires timeliness, relevance the broadcast signal on these amazingly powerful and engagement. Stations that are getting that devices. mix right are succeeding in social media as well as broadcast media. Post broadcast innovations. Radio stations are streamlining the creation, editing and output It is an exciting time for our industry, the race processes of the business to build efficient, for success has never been so competitive or cost-effective workflows from creation to multi- exciting. But this race has no finish line, we will platform publication. But what happens when the need to continue running to stay ahead. Does your program is delivered? We are just scratching the organization have the stamina for such a race? If so, surface of how to effectively reuse content to take good luck. If not, do something about it... now!

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EMPOWERING THE PUBLIC IN RADIO BROADCASTING COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT BROADCASTING SERVICE IN HONG KONG

Tai Keen-man • Jade AU Lai-ngar I n late 2012, in response to the demand of a total of over 600 applications. The proportion of opening up airwaves for community broadcasting organization to individual applicants has also risen by some members in the public, the Hong Kong from 4:1 to 3:2. Almost all applicants had applied for Government (Government) has counter-offered funding regardless of organisations or individuals. a different option– the Community Involvement Among the organizations, one-third of them are Broadcasting Service, or simply the CIBS. registered charitable organisations. Distinguished from the modus operandi of Create Social Gain & Diversity conventional community broadcasting around the Another unique feature of the CIBS is its stress world, the Government has tasked Radio Television on "Social Gain". Within the framework of Hong Kong (RTHK), the city’s sole public service broadcasting, it is believed that social gain could be broadcaster, to run the service on a 3-year pilot achieved when plurality, diversity, social inclusion, basis. The objective of the service is to provide a mutual respect, civic mindedness, creativity, and wider range of social gains in the community by community involvement are generated through providing a platform for members of the public the production and broadcast of the programmes. to produce their own radio programmes with By mid-July 2015, over 120 CIBS programmes have a specific theme. In support of the service, a been produced by around 100 CIBS producers. Community Broadcasting Involvement Fund (CIBF) Hundreds of members of public have been involved worth US$5.8 million was set up to provide funding for successful applicants of the service. as volunteers and guests. The themes cover areas of education, art and culture, social services, ethnic Contrary to running a community radio station or minorities, politics and current affairs, economy a channel on their own which requires adequate and finance, health, environment, religion and sum of capital investment and sufficient technical philosophy, science and technology and district knowhow, people who are interested in making affairs. their own radio shows with no prior knowledge and experience in broadcasting are eligible to It is worth highlighting the involvement of ethnic apply for the service as long as they can submit a minorities in the CIBS. It is the intention of the service detailed programme proposal of 13 episodes. An to dedicate more resources to these communities independent Selection Committee will then judge as they are the most ignored in mainstream on the level and variety of potential “SOCIAL GAIN” broadcasting. The CIBS fills this gap by reaching out achieved by these proposals and award the airtime to encourage them to apply and prioritise ethnic and funding to successful applicants. Once they are minorities programmes in the course of selection. selected, they will be granted a timeslot on RTHK’s So far foreign communities including the American, digital radio channel once a week for 13 weeks British, Egyptian, French, Indian, Japanese, Nepali, and subsidy for the production costs. They will Nigerian, Pakistani, Philipino, Tamil and Thai have enjoy editorial autonomy while abide by rules and applied for the service. 15% of the CIBS programmes regulations applicable to all broadcasters in Hong are produced by ethnic minorities, which has Kong. They will also be facilitated by staff members outnumbered its 10% population in the city. of RTHK on the production front. Strengthen the Role of Public Service Broadcaster Positive Public Response The CIBS differs from conventional community Apparently, the CIBS cannot satiate the yearning for broadcasting as the public service broadcaster ownership of a community channel. Nevertheless, takes the helm of the ship. Acting as the CIBS the service has gained its popularity throughout the Secretariat (Secretariat), RTHK propagates the 3-year trial as it appeals to a different audience. The service via public briefings, advertising and visiting number of applications for the service has increased potential applicants. It supports the Selection by over 200 percent, i.e. from 59 applications in Committee in the selection process. It facilitates the 1st Round to 140 in the 6th Round, reaching the CIBS producers on technical issues, and assists

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the CIBS producers to claim for funds and wraps up hero in grooming community broadcasters by evaluating their performance. in Hong Kong. The overall quality of the CIBS programmes is still amateurish. The audience Among the above, facilitation is inarguably the still confines to a niche market. Nevertheless, most crucial function in boosting media literacy in when asked to evaluate the outcome of their Hong Kong. While the CIBS producers are obliged participation, majority of the CIBS producers to produce their own programmes, the Secretariat responded that the acquiring of broadcasting is in essence the “helicopter parent” - looking after skills was the most cherished gain from the the CIBS producers at a distance to make sure that service. they may stagger but not tumble and fall. Technical advice, not hands-on assistance, will be offered While policy makers in Hong Kong have put immediately when the CIBS producers are in need. conventional community broadcast on hold in the past years, it is hopeful that through the CIBS, a more Empowering the Public media-literate community will be formed gradually It is too soon to claim that the CIBS is the accidental and be prepared for a bigger challenge.

ABU: A COMMON BROADCASTING VOICE FOR ASIA-PACIFIC

S. Nanda Armoogum H istorical Highlights: The Asia-Pacific As the leadership evolved so did the membership, in Broadcasting Union (ABU) is a professional particular the number of Pacific members swelled, association of broadcasting organisations. This which meant a critical reassessment of the Union, non-profit making organisation is the world’s with a name change to add “Pacific” to the former biggest broadcasting union in demographic and title Asian Broadcasting Union. The decade ended geographic terms. The ABU serves more than with the ABU in great shape. The membership had half the world’s population spread across half the grown to more than 60 full and associate members earth’s surface, reaching a potential audience of and the relocation of the ABU headquarters from about 3.5 billion people. Tehran to Kuala Lumpur.

Fifty years ago, 17 national broadcasters, The biggest development for the ABU in the 1980s representing countries as diverse as Japan, was the setting up of Asiavision news exchange. For Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Vietnam, Western Samoa, the first time, ABU member countries could send Fiji and New Zealand signed up as full members and receive news from the Asia-Pacific, reporting and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and breaking major stories. Widespread digital hosted the inaugural ABU General Assembly in growth in media production and transmission Sydney in November 1964. systems defines the 1990s for broadcasters around the world. The Union played a key role assisting less- The 1970s heralded a new dawn for radio and TV developed nations meet the challenges of digital services across the Asia-Pacific with the move to upgrade. FM radio and colour TV enhancing engagement with broadcasters. While Japan, the Philippines and A number of significant natural disasters marked the Australia had been colour TV pioneers in the 1960s, first decade of the new millennium in the Asia-Pacific. one by one other network embraced the new In 2004 the deadly Boxing Day tsunami across the technologies in the 1970s. Indian Ocean took its toll. Earthquakes and floods were frequent and devastating. They underscored a The decade also signalled great change for the new role for the ABU in disaster broadcasting. ABU. Inaugural ABU President Yoshinori Maeda and the Union’s inaugural Secretary-General Sir Today, the Asia-Pacific region is home to half Charles Moses both stepped down leaving a robust the world’s population and is an economic, a organisation with growing international status. technological and a cultural powerhouse.

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Growing almost weekly, it currently has more than of-the-art technologies. This is a forum for ABU 278 members in 68 countries, from Turkey in the members to upgrade their knowledge on the latest west to Samoa in the east and from Russia in the technologies and share their experience. north to New Zealand in the south. Full members ABU Campaign Saving Lives: Preparing for must be national free-to-air broadcasters in the Asia- Disasters: The campaign is promoting disaster Pacific region. Associate membership is opened to literacy through media in Asia-Pacific region provincial broadcasters, subscription broadcasters which is experiencing more frequent and intense and national broadcasters in other parts of the world. natural disasters. The main pillars of the campaign Other organisations connected to broadcasting fall are building the capacity of ABU members to under the Affiliate category. ABU headquarters are educate their audiences about climate change located in Angkasapuri, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. adaptation and disaster risk reduction and the ABU Its Secretary-General is Dr. Javad Mottaghi and the Media Summit on Climate Change and Disaster President of the Union is Mr. Cho Dae-hyun, the Risk Reduction. The inaugural summit was held current President and CEO of Korean Broadcasting in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 2014. The second Media Service (KBS). Summit on CC and DRR will be in in Phuket, Thailand, Core Responsibilities: The main objective of the in May 2016 followed by the 3rd summit in Dhaka ABU is to help the development of broadcasting in 2017. Another building blog of the campaign in the Asia-Pacific region and to promote the is to strengthen ties and improve technical links collective interests of its members. One of the ABU's between broadcasters and early warning authorities main activities is Asiavision - a daily exchange of to broadcast warning alerts quickly, efficiently and news feeds by a file-based online platform among accurately. television stations in 29 countries in Asia. ABU Campaign Broadcasting for All: Diversity The ABU also collectively negotiates rights and and Inclusion in Media: This initiative supports coverage rights of major sports events for its achieving fair representation and portrayal of all members, and carries out a wide range of activities groups in member organisations. Equal access to the in the programme and technical areas. The union media workforce and fair portrayal on air of women, also provides a forum and encourages regional and persons with disabilities, ethnic groups etc. ensures international co-operation between broadcasters. that broadcasters serve all groups of the population with relevant programmes. Several activities Some of the main activities of the ABU are as follows: support this initiative. ABU gender champions Digital Broadcast Symposium - DBS: Digital have conducted many workshops to help member Broadcast Symposium is a technical activity of ABU organisations develop equal opportunity policies. that is organised by the ABY Technology. It consists ABU established Women With the Wave forum in of a 3-day conference, a 3-day exhibition and a Seoul in 2012 as a platform for exchange practices, day or two of pre-conference events including experiences and partner for future projects on technology workshops. DBS has established itself digital inclusion of women and persons with as a key technology event in Asia-Pacific region disabilities. The second and third WWW forums were organised by the ABU Technology especially for its held in Hanoi 2013 and Macau in 2014. The fourth members. edition of the forum will be on 28th October 2015 in İstanbul. The ABU is a founding member of the Over the last decade it has grown and is now Global Alliance on Media and Gender (GAMAG), a consolidated with a conference hosting nearly 500 world-wide network of 500 media and freedom of delegates and a total participation of nearly 1000 expression organisations. including visitors to the exhibition. During the last two years, the quality of the conference has ABU Children's Drama Co-Production: The ABU improved and this fact has been recognised by the Children's TV Drama Co-production is conducted attendees. Further improvements are planned from under the principle of ‘make one episode and take the year 2016 by limiting the event to four days all others'. All episodes have minimum dialogue including pre-conference events. The Conference to be easily understood by children from different addresses cutting-edge technologies to state- cultural backgrounds.

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Members produce, at their own cost, a 15-minute It is not a competition and participating member drama episode targeted at 7-9 year-olds based on organisations provide a solo artist or musical group a common theme: Mental Growth of Children in who enjoy mass appeal in their home country to be Different Situations. Some episodes are exchanged featured in the song festival. The program showcases between the ABU and the European Broadcasting up to 15 international musical acts representing Union (EBU). ABU members.

ABU ROBOCON: ABU ROBOCON is an annual robot Pacific Media Partnership Conference: The contest held since 2002 for university, college and conference offers an opportunity for senior polytechnic students in the Asia-Pacific region. executives from the Pacific countries to discuss issues relating to the sustainability and development Under a common set of rules, participants compete of broadcasting in their region. with teams from other countries to create a robot using their creative and technological skills. The Started in 2010, it includes workshops on news contest aims to foster friendship among young and sports in addition to technology and program people with similar interests, as well as to advance content. The 2015 PMPC will be held in Samoa. engineering and broadcasting technologies in the region. ABU Central Asia Media Forum: In line with the ABU short-term Action Plan, the ABU Technology ABU Digista Teens: ABU Digista teens is an exciting and ABU News Departments have joined to project in which talented young artists from the establish this media forum specifically for Central Asia-Pacific region and beyond, craft digital images Asia from 2013 onwards. while being mentored by top professional artists. The first Forum was held in August 2013 in The project’s vision is to let young people learn about Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, co-hosted by two members themselves and the areas they live in through the in Kyrgyzstan and supported by members and experience of creating digital art and to experience partners in the region. the joy and challenge of expressing themselves and delivering a finished product. It supports broadcasters in the Central Asian Region in overcoming the challenges of developing their RadioAsia Conference: The RadioAsia Conference infrastructure, choosing and implementing new brings together leading radio media practitioners, technologies, developing new genres of content communications specialists, policy makers, and and offering new services to their audience. academics from across the Asia-Pacific and beyond. Eminent speakers, specialising in most aspects of ABU Global News Forum: This is a high-level radio and communications share their views on summit for news media leaders, chief editors and new developments as well as key content and journalists, first organised in 2013 in Seoul, by the policy issues relating to the industry in the region. ABU and partner host broadcaster, KBS. The 2017 ABU Global News Forum is scheduled to be hosted ABU Radio Song Festival: This is a musical by Media Corp in Singapore. showcase from across Asia and the Pacific. It embraces and recognises the diverse musical ABU Copyright Committee: This committee talents of nations within the region by uncovering monitors and analyses developments in legislation the best original and unsigned musicians. All ABU and court decisions on copyright matters affecting members are encouraged to share in its success by broadcasters. It also helps in exchanging information downloading the performance for replay on radio and opinions among ABU members on copyright, from a dedicated FTP site. intellectual property and other relevant issues.

ABU TV Song Festival: The ABU TV Song Festival is ABU Programme Committee: The ABU a celebration of popular music featuring high-profile Programme Committee meets on an annual basis musical talent from the Asia-Pacific region, with a to review the radio and television activities, co- two-hour gala performance held each year at the productions, programme exchange and other new ABU General Assembly. initiatives.

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ABU Technical Committee: The ABU Technical review the Union's finances and consider current Committee meets every year to review and initiate issues facing the Union. technical activities and to facilitate members’ The Planning and Strategy Group: The Planning initiatives in utilising the new technology. and Strategy Group is the advisory body to the ABU Sports Group: The ABU Sports Group meets Administrative Council and the ABU Secretariat. twice a year to coordinate partnership amongst It meets twice a year to develop proposals and recommendations to the Administrative Council for members in rights acquisition and coverage of the future direction and strategy of the Union. It acts major sports events. as a ‘Think Tank’ for the Union.

Operating Structures The ABU Secretariat: The Secretariat comprises of The Administrative Council: The ABU's "Board of 35 staff members from 12 countries. The Secretary- Directors" is called the Administrative Council. It General is the Chief Executive Officer and manages the day-to-day running of the Union. consists of 14 of its Full and Additional Full members, who are elected by the members at the annual ABU has four departments: Technology, General Assembly for a three-year term. The council Programming, News and Sports, headed by meets twice yearly to decide on policy matters, Directors.

COMMUNITY RADIO: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE

Hindistan Air Radyosu B roadcasting in a country of the size and diversity being preserved in the Archives of All India Radio like India can be a daunting task. With a population for wider dissemination. of 1210 million (2011 Census) and diversity in All India Radio introduced quite some time back terms of ethno-linguistic characteristics, agro- in 1984 a new concept of broadcasting in India climatic conditions, economic disparities and so called ‘local radio’, these local radio stations are on, to address the needs and concerns, interests essentially community radio stations, serving and aspirations of disparate segments of Indian a compact homogeneous area and reaching population is a formidable challenge. right into the heart of the community. It uses Community radio is an important third tier, after the microphone to reflect and enrich live of the the national and regional levels, in broadcasting. community. What distinguishes local radio from It serves as a mouthpiece of the community and the regional network is its down-to-earth, intimate a catalyst to bring about rapid socio-economic and uninhibited approach. There are, at present, transformation. Issues at the grass root level are 86 local radio stations in the country. largely ignored by the mainstream media. Rooted in the local community, community radio stations At present, there are 184 have a distinct advantage to focus on development functional community radio goals, specific to local population. Using local dialect/idiom for dissemination of messages stations, with 372 more in the enhances their appeal and credibility. Community pipeline. radio is thus a potent instrument of positive social change and community empowerment. In December, 2002, Government of India decided Community radio stations also act as a repository to set up community radio stations at educational of folk music of different communities, giving local institutions desirous to do so. In 2006, it was artists a new platform to showcase their talent. AIR decided to extend the facility to not-for-profit has recently embarked on a project to preserve organizations including NGOs. At present, there folk legacy of India in all its variegated hues as it are 184 functional community radio stations, with is under threat of extinction. These recordings are 372 more in the pipeline.

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The Path to the REPUBLIC from the Farthest Media

Compiled by: İzzeddin Çalışlar

News about Turkey in the newspapers from 1921-1923 in Australia National Library archives tells us about how developments in Anatolia were followed by the farthest geography from the source. Most of the items collected from The Sydney Morning Herald, Advocate, Examiner, Camperdown Chronicle, Morning Bulletin, Cairns Post, Singleton Argus, Mercury and Barrier Miner newspapers are in fact items based out of London. As radio broadcasts in Australia began to spread as of 1912, as a general attitude of the era same texts in the papers were reflected in radio broadcasts.

September 16 Kemal Pasha made a statement: “We do not want to fight England; but for this İstanbul must be given back peacefully… If not, we will fight for İstanbul. We want İstanbul, Edirne and Turkish region of Thrace.”

September 20 It has been reported that British troops are in panic at every point of İstanbul and Çanakkale Strait. Military situation looks critical. It wouldn’t be an overstatement to say that Turkey is on the verge of waging war against Britain and even France. Allied officials have admitted that Mustafa Kemal is not bluffing when he says occupant allied forces must leave the country… There is no hope on a 1921 conference that will solve everything. If allied forces do not declare a war, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who February 8 led his army in masses to the North, will fall into Kemal Pasha announced his terms to recognize the position of a dictator. Despite the rapid march the authority of the Sultan. The Sultan would have towards İzmir, the army is in perfect condition and to declare an edict recognizing the Assembly in they are threatening the neutral regions in the Ankara, guarantee the protection of İstanbul and Straits. Mustafa Kemal Pasha has the capacity to create a list of civilian Sultanate servants. lead 70 thousand troops to any battle…

March 29 September 21 Mustafa Kemal –leader of Turkish nationalists Turkish Ambassador to Paris Ferid Bey has went to the front to lead the operation against the announced that Kemalists are about to take Greek in person. over Çanakkale. Despite the allied occupation in

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1- Turks will drop arms ahead of the conference in Venice. However, they are about to take over certain strategic points in Thrace that will give them a chance to create a national pact. 2- Movements of all British troops will be suspended, hostage swap will take place and there will not be fortifications in neutral regions. 3- Thrace will be taken over by Turks before the İstanbul and Gallipoli, the Ambassador says they conference convenes. do not recognize any of the neutral regions on the 4- Marmara Sea and Thracian coasts, except for Asian side and adds: “If the British want trouble, Çanakkale Strait, which is considered neutral zone, they will be responsible for it. No country has the will not be disarmed. right to limit the movement of Turkey’s military 5- The question of Straits will be solved by allies, troops in the South of the Straits.” If Kemalists were Turks, Russia and Black Sea countries. to take over this side, they will have the right to sit at the peace table and will accept the presence of 6- Allies will have reserved rights to come up with an allied garrison in Gallipoli to protect minority further demands on this issue. rights. Ferid Bey says: “If there’s bloodshed, it will 7- If the National Assembly approves these items be because of the mistakes and unreasonable nationalists will agree to join a truce in Mudanya. demands of the British. If the fire grows bigger, Three days later a comprehensive conference will danger will engulf the British Empire as well.” be held in İzmir, where Mustafa Kemal will be the head of the Turkish delegation. September 25 It has been reported that French representative Meanwhile, Turkish advance continues in neutral General Peile met Kemal Pasha and received the zones. In areas where Turks arrive, the British avoid demand for an urgent conference in Mudanya. conflict and pull back. And Turks try to avoid all Mustafa Kemal Pasha will enter İstanbul with a kinds of action that could threaten peace. smaller force and probably establish his own rule, and then a peace conference will be held but he will not march towards allied forces under these circumstances. Ankara government offered to hold this conference in İzmir. It is claimed that Mustafa Kemal’s taking over the control in the city ahead of the peace conference will create a very dangerous situation. Even if he comes to the city with quite a small force, there are many irregular Turkish units ready to fight against allies along his side. According to an official declaration from Adana, if allied forces do not express an immediate and final response to the national pact of Turks and the Near East problem, National Turkish Army will be mobilized to take over Thrace.

September 30 It has been reported that Mustafa Kemal Pasha’s response to the allied forces will be delayed for a few days and that the issue is still being debated at the Assembly in Ankara. Yet, no one has a doubt that the response will include the following matters: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1922 29 RADYOvizyon

October 3 In response to the second note of General Harrington demanding the withdrawal of Turks from the neutral zone Kemal Pasha said: “If the British are thinking about closing the Asian shoreline, just like the French and the Italians, Harrington should decrease the number of troops and use them only as police force.” Stating that he is on his way to Ankara to join the National Assembly, Kemal Pasha said he would meet General Harrington at first chance.

October 6 Speaking at a conference for members of Royal Colonial Institute, General Sir Harry Chauvel said “I think Mustafa Kemal is one of the rare great military leaders born out of war. As a soldier, I have great respect for him.”

October 7 Kemal Pasha sent a message to residents of İstanbul, in which he said: “Our great national goal of peace is upon us. Not everything can be solved with arms. The whole world is with us. British society and many other previously misled Western statesmen are also with us.” The last sentence is a reference to latest tendencies in British politics.

November 3 According to a statement from İstanbul Sultan Mehmed VI will officially recognize the Kemalist delegation that will go to Lausanne.

1923 February 10 In a speech he delivered in İzmir Mustafa Kemal Pasha said the Turkish state was not afraid of Britain and noted “If the British opt for a path to intimidate Turks with threats, they will soon have to pull back on that path.”

March 1 If the Assembly in Ankara continues to refuse conditions for peace, Kemal Pasha looks set to embrace a Cromwelist policy. In case of this possibility Kemal Pasha has gathered strong units in Asmışehir…

3o October (Reuters) İSTANBUL. Turkish National Assembly in Ankara decided to establish a Republican government and Mustafa Kemal Pasha was elected president unanimously.

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Dominant view is expressed by the slogan: “Turkey December 6 belongs to Turks.” And it is in their minds and hearts Turkey again... After the empire that collapsed with to draw their own path. For hundreds of years, lost wars and slow reforms, an attempt copied from Western parliamentarian administrations... foreigners have had major privileges in Turkey Led by an adventurer who dismissed the Caliph. and the system of capitulations was effective in İstanbul politicians, European diplomats have courts. These privileges have come to an end and gathered around this warrior of the Anatolian foreigners will as well seek justice at Turkish courts.” valleys, who claims that he will rebuild Turkey... In During his time in Ankara Mr. Blake also met the fact, he has already covered a long distance. The famous Mustafa Kemal considered as the great true ruler of Turkey is Kemal Pasha and society, leader of Turkey by the whole world. Mr. Blake with a smashing majority of Muslims, seems quite defines him as a sharp military genius. Generals pleased with his rule. After all that happened, were of the Allied Forces have also witnessed this side novelists right? As it seems, humanity chose to follow not the machines but a man, and they are of Mustafa Kemal. Time will tell us, whether hence much happier under a talented autocrat rather forth he will be remembered not as a military than miserable committees. personality but a true statesman, who rebuilt Turkey. Another lucky feature is that he has an December 11 extremely intellectual wife like Mrs. Kemal... She The right to vote for women has become a stronger has been to many countries, received education demand in Turkey. Many educated women have in Europe and probably is the most liberal woman taken action to introduce this reform in the in Turkey... She strongly opposes Turkish women country... It is stated that Turkish girls demand being taken hostage by traditions and holds a free and liberal education system. It is known her ground against the Oriental mindset by not that nationalist leader Mustafa Kemal favors a covering her face in public. Mustafa Kemal’s reform bigger space for women in social life. At the latest efforts draw certain reaction but the youths of International Election Congress organized in Rome, Turkey was represented by the wife of İstanbul Turkey are on his side... governor. Turkish women are rapidly catching up In latest general elections an oddity showing the with modern fashion. Accessories from Paris, high- pulse of the nation took place. Although she was heel and token buckled shoes are quite popular... not a candidate, many people wrote Latife Hanım’s New spouse of the nationalist leader also keeps a name on the ballot papers. This is a typical Turkish close eye on Parisian fashion. style show of respect. Turks are indeed very religious December 13 people. Islam is widespread and well-established Kemal Pasha stands against an update on the as seen in nowhere else. Throughout the recent harem tradition in Turkey and says a single wife century, political developments had negative in the style of new Turkish women is enough. effects on the national religion and spread the Definitely right, Mr. Pasha. feeling of sickness. However, despite today’s anti- liberal old-school reaction, Islam is also in touch December 19 with worldly affairs. For instance, the introduction As a typical American, Mr. Maxwell is an odd of sports... Turkish people used to keep a distance personality. After a long life of diplomacy, he with sports but recent developments have came from Turkey to Melbourne as the US Consul. changed their attitude. Scouting is getting popular Having spent 8 months in Turkey’s political and widespread in Turkey at an unprecedented capital Ankara, Mr. Blake expressed his thoughts as follows: “Stabilizing its position with the pace. Also cricket, football, running and swimming Lausanne Treaty gave positive hopes to Turkey. are other developing sports in the country. Other Now, they channeled their attention to creating than these, Turks are hoping to leave a better big companies and improving ties with European impression on other countries. Turning scouting countries. Their current political position is also activities into international events could be seen a major concern for foreigners in the country. as the first step in this direction.

31 Nilgün Doruk The Smell of Homeland at the SOUNDS OF LIFE

TRT has a new radio station targeting Mr. Koru, Memleketim FM is a rapidly realized Turkish citizens and cognates living across project. If you will, let’s begin with the initial phase of the world: TRT Memleketim FM. The station the project... is run by TRT External Services Department As the Foreign Ministry, we are not only responsible for and broadcasts via satellite and internet at steering our foreign policy. Other than that, we also provide counselling for millions of citizens living abroad. I’ve spent www.trtmemleketimfm.com and Turkish 35 years in the job. For 35 years, I’ve met citizens all around Foreign Ministry communication portal the world. Indeed, they have expectations from Turkey... www.memleketim.gov.tr. The protocol As Turkey and Turkish Foreign Ministry, we wanted to on the establishment of the station was create a bridge between Turkey and expats living abroad. We established My Homeland portal and inaugurated it signed by TRT Director General Şenol Göka in May. One of our goals was to receive support from TRT and Deputy Foreign Minister Naci Koru. via Memleketim FM. We had a meeting with TRT Director After the protocol, TRT Memleketim FM General Şenol Göka and Mr. Göka opened all the doors for us... TRT started collaborating with My Homeland portal started broadcasting on June 15. With via Memleketim FM. And we are immensely proud of this. round-the- clock uninterrupted broadcasts Maybe one of the goals of Memleketim FM is to help Memleketim FM reaches out to Turks across Turkish expats in using Turkish more efficiently... the world and appeases their homesickness. Another one should be keeping their contact strong We interviewed Deputy Foreign Minister with our country... Naci Koru about Memleketim FM and Let me tell you that I was there 30 years ago; 25 years ago Memleketim Portal at “The Sounds and 20 years ago as well. Every time I was abroad, I saw that our children living abroad unfortunately lose interest in of Life” program aired every weekday Turkish. As the state, no matter how many Turkish teachers between 15:00-16:00 Turkish local time on we send them, they cannot learn Turkish properly. We TRT Voice of Turkey Radio. We wanted to wanted to offer long-distance Turkish courses over the portal. We wanted to be with them, to support them. Of share the radio interview with readers of course, in order to achieve this, we had to resort to your our radio magazine. area of expertise. We had to offer our support via radio and

32 RADYOvizyon television. It’s crucial to have channels that our citizens From now on listeners will have access to TRT would watch and listen to... TRT has already been offering content over the internet. And they can listen to the this service for long years but this will be one of the main podcast of the programs they wish or the ones they goals of Memleketim FM. In collaboration with TRT, we have missed. want to create an infrastructure to teach our citizens As you know, in the past, when you missed the bulletin, -especially our youth living abroad- better Turkish skills. you had to wait until the next one. Now, technology There are indeed differences in the broadcast is quite advanced. You can share your programs as content of Memleketim FM, right? podcasts and citizens can listen to them over the internet whenever they want. For instance, we are Yes, there are be a variety of programs. We report doing this show live but those who want can listen to developments taking place in Turkey. We share Consular it tonight or tomorrow morning as a podcast. This is a Affairs related information. Parental counselling is very great convenience and great service. We offer podcasts crucial... We will collaborate with Family and Social both over Memleketim FM and over the portal at www. Policies Ministry on parental counselling. memleketim.gov.tr therefore, we have a rich content. Are these going to be offered via Memleketim FM or Let’s talk about services offered on the portal, shall we? My Homeland portal? There are news, announcements and activities on the Over both of them... There are already existing sections portal. For instance, when a citizen from Munich visits the on the portal... For instance, there are separate modules website and asks: “What are cultural activities related to for camps and internship opportunities. Also, in Turks in and around Munich?” the citizen will find out all collaboration with TRT we are preparing a program titled related activities. Likewise, citizens in New York, Far East, “Foreign Affairs Agenda” on Memleketim FM. We explain Arab countries and so on will have access to information latest developments on issues concerning citizens regarding Turks or organized by Turkish agencies. Other abroad. We share information on certain procedures than that, we had another goal and we realized it for the and parental counselling. It will not be just unilateral first time in this summer. There are youth camps in Turkey. informing. Citizens living abroad will be able to reach Youths living abroad were passionate about joining our Consuls and Ambassadors through Memleketim these camps, and it wasn’t possible so far. We talked with FM... They will be able to express their problems directly Youth and Sports Ministry, and the Ministry introduced to the Consul General and the Ambassador. This is a special quota for our youths living abroad. We offered not only for citizens in Germany or France. Citizens this service to our citizens via My Homeland portal and all around the world will benefit from this. Citizens in received online applications. Lots of citizens and youths Jeddah, Riyadh, Kuwait, Tokyo, New York and Chicago from around the world applied to the programs. can call Memleketim FM to contribute to the programs What is the age average of these youths? and come together with Turkish officials and Consuls through Memleketim FM. It varies from 16 to 22... There are separate camps for girls and boys. There are camps organized by Religious Affairs Directorate. Youths were able to apply to these programs via My Homeland portal...

It’s not only youths coming from abroad that can join these camps, right? I think, they will be able to socialize with students from Turkey...

We wanted students from 81 cities across Turkey to merge with youths coming from abroad in these camps. We wanted them to become friends and continue their friendships for long years with our youths from Germany, France, England, the Netherlands, the USA, and Far Eastern countries. That’s what we aimed for. And we have made remarkable progress. We will continue organizing these camps in the upcoming period during education breaks, recess times, summer and winter holidays...

Another feature we have is about internships... We had been receiving demands both from college students abroad and Turkish students. For instance International Relations and Political Science students seek internship opportunities at the Foreign Ministry. For the past 4 years,

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we have been offering them training in summer and be a cell phone, tablet PC, computer, or a Turkish Airlines winter schools. Only the ones we could reach through ticket. You will easily win your prize. That’s what we offer. announcements could join these programs... Next year, we will plan camps with Turkish Airlines. Also, Where were these summer and winter schools? we won’t be charging for transportation to and from the camps. This is our goal; we want to host all youths At the Foreign Ministry... We teach our profession. It in a certain age group for once in their lives, all expenses MACIG was in fact aimed at those interested in foreign affairs. paid by us in Turkey. Wherever they may be living... Let’s And then, we came up with the idea of inviting not say London, Munich or Riyadh. Turkish Airlines will grant only the ones interested in our profession but also our the ticket; we will bring the youth groups to Turkey, host youths and college students interested in other fields. them in a camp for a week, take them on a trip in the area We wanted to offer them internships in Turkey. But not only about foreign ministry and foreign policy... Let’s say and then we will send them back. Let’s say the group is at it’s an engineer or a communication student. Internship a camp in İstanbul. Besides natural beauties of İstanbul, options are TRT, Foreign Ministry, EU Ministry, Turkish they will see historical spots too. They will attend Turkish Airlines and Turkish Union of Chambers and Commodity courses and we will see them off. This is one of the goals Exchanges. We prepared a separate module for these of My Homeland portal and Memleketim FM. Our goal is options on My Homeland portal. Our youths can get to better teach our Turkish and culture. online and choose the internship they desire through So, do you have any contact information for our our portal. Applications are made online and they come listeners? here in person for the internship programs. They can write to us over the internet via www. Very nice, quite good opportunities, indeed... memleketim.gov.tr. We have a call center –a consular Slowly, we are working on a similar project; career call center. www.memleketim.gov.tr also offers the same opportunities. Let’s say, you are about to graduate, you service. It’s in Ankara and the number is 0090 312 292 are living abroad and you want to serve in Turkey or 2929. Memleketim FM has a Twitter account, which in Turkish organizations in other countries. We have a listeners can follow and tweet. I urge everyone to open dedicated module titled “Career Opportunities”. You can an account on the portal. check this section for job openings in Turkish companies. You can also directly apply through our website. These are It seems the goals will become bigger in time... the new services offered at www.memleketim.gov.tr The We can almost say that there is nothing you cannot find website is already quite popular. Also we have a separate on Memleketim FM and www.memleketim.gov.tr... And module called “Postman”. It’s very similar to Twitter. we are proud of this. One of the goals is to bring any Turkish expats can form groups among themselves. They product citizens want via the Turkish market. can ask us questions. There is mutual interaction. People ask questions and we do our best to respond. Citizens From Turkish delight to Turkish coffee... using My Homeland portal can follow this process and Yes, with everything... For instance, you want to purchase offer their contributions. We want to reach our women a backgammon set, cups or certain products like posters abroad with the Parental Counseling system. To this end, and brochures, you can pay a visit to our portal... On Family and Social Policies Ministry opened up a channel the other side, we will respond to the needs of citizens for us. And through this channel citizens from around the who say “I want 50 pieces of this promotional poster.” We world can call us and easily receive counseling services. continue negotiations with certain companies. Naturally, Children are not left outside of the portal, are they? we cannot operate this as Foreign Ministry or TRT. If we That’s right, we didn’t forget kids. Youths, and citizens can cut a deal, orders will be easily delivered via www. at all ages connect to the portal. We have 8-10 year-old memleketim.gov.tr. kids along with 70 year-old seniors... Therefore, we are Do you have anything to say as a closing note Mr. Koru? working on strengthening the infrastructure. We offer options on both education and entertainment. We have First of all, I thank TRT very much. TRT offered tremendous quite positive feedback from citizens. Certain modules help during My Homeland efforts and from now on, we are in the process of software development. For instance, run the project with TRT. I want Memleketim FM to be one of them is the “Prize Competitions”. In this section, very successful. The success of Memleketim FM means we will have tests on topics like Turkish, Turkish History, our success. We need program richness to be successful. and Religious Knowledge. People can already connect And in terms of program richness, we will grant all kinds with their membership accounts. When you log in you of support for our TRT. You can count on that. can try out the tests and win certain prizes. Let’s say you We thank you very much! Because this is a joint tried the History test and collected points. You will win project... We wish you good luck and success. prizes with your high scores. There is no sweepstakes. If you secure 50 points, you will win something. It could We will indeed come together again. With pleasure...

34 The MACIGSerdar Aydın MAGICWorld of 3s I talian inventor Guglielmo Marconi, considered the Heart of mankind creates the best dreams with father of radio or wireless, attempted to use radio those, of whose figures he/she has not seen but is for the first time to communicate between a ship acquainted through sound. and the shore. Since that day, behind the magic What we call pure imagination, is the child of time, of sound that rises from radios, is the blueness of where there is no sight but rising sound. oceans, energy of waves and intoxicating odour of To imagine is to embrace the future. life dipped in iodine… Furthermore, humankind needs his/her ears (radio) Radio (in a sense), is what comes across the sea and rather than his/her eyes to imagine, he/she is in need reaches the shore. of that enchanting tone, magic note, sound rising It is the wish, ideal and desire of its owner, explorer from the radio. and inventor. Radio has always existed and will always exist! No wonder our skins shiver with the memory of ... golden beaches at each sound coming from the What do you think Mignani did when he heard 3S? radio; we feel in our soul the touch of Sun’s embracing As he agreed upon beforehand with Guglielmo warmth and in our ears the transformation of the Marconi, he fired a shot in the air. sounds of seagulls into a harmonious melody… Not at the target but in the air… As, Guglielmo Marconi was able to send from the As, this “fire” was not intended to hit, but to announce sea to the shore (from tongue to ear) 3 S letters in that he had heard the signal. Morse code to his butler Mignani through a wireless It means to say, okay, I heard it, I received your signal, telegraph. I grasped what you sent from your heart, without . seeing you, your existence… This 3S ! What Mignani did, was to reciprocate sound with Sound… sound… “Tapping out” the rhythm of the magic world of Sorcery… sound coming from the radio is tantamount to our soul firing in the air. Dripping of salty ocean drops, Sympathy… overflowing from our eyes, on our cheeks…The let- up of our hearts’ tides in our pulse…The sympathy Each sound that rises from the radio calls upon formed between us and the master of sound, going thousands of other sounds in space, in nothingness, back to the Day of Promises… contacts sentiments behind each sound, salutes Each sound leaves an impression, making its way the atmosphere, thus reaches the listener who from our ears to our hearts… awaits itself “on the shore”. Since the day it was invented, radio has been the Or should I have said Mignani? “manifestation of wellbeing” of the sound, travelling Even 117 years after that day, pip pip pip- the sound from seas to shores. of 3 S letters- on the radio is the first tune coming It is love. from the microphone in a remote mountain village Wherever its knob is turned on, radio is what people in Anatolia. live, feel, it is the “absolute miracle” of existing Since microphone is still used from wedding venues without flesh. to funeral ceremonies, tuning of microphone is It is magic. performed with the help of 3S… Radio is “good tidings”, covering and reducing Radio is such magical, such unique. distances with thousands of souls embarked upon Is it not living with sounds, the magic key that frequencies and eventually reaching its destination. opens the emerald doors of imagination? It is sound.

35 CAN SOMEONE TELL ME ABOUT RADIO? We are also Here: The only radio program that reaches out to hearing impaired persons

Esra İlkkurşun

We were asked to host a program called “We are also Here” in the winter of 2013...The program has been prepared by İzmir radio for nearly three years and its producers have made other proposals for 2014 broadcast season. They wanted the program regarding persons with disabilities to continue, therefore new producers were needed.

" W e are also Here” was a program that took up the same line when we were asked to host the issues affecting persons with disabilities and tried program. However, as every producer, we wanted to propose solutions... It did not remember persons to add something different to the program; to say with disabilities only on special days...It did not something new and bring a new perspective... say “Wow! You have such a deep joy for life!” to an We were saying that radio is a cultural transmission amputee sportsman who rides high and who has medium, adding that our past is full of memories of won countless awards... “Let’s create a perception; radio. As a public broadcaster, we aimed to appeal let’s feel sorry for persons with disabilities and to all our listeners. We wanted to mention even help them. Let’s feel ourselves philanthropic and the slightest problem on the microphone and peaceful thanks to this perception. Let’s distribute inform our listeners. We wanted to inform listeners... wheelchairs given by the state free of charge as Listeners... Listeners? gifts through charities. Let’s take a visually impaired person’s arm and help him/her cross the road. Let’s return home happy. Let’s overtip the boy who sells newspapers for the disabled in front of a store. Even if we do not read that newspaper, let’s fall asleep with the unbearable lightness of having performed a wondrous act. Let’s intimidate persons every now and then saying that we are all potential candidates to become disabled one day...”It was a program that did not create uneasiness...

“We are also Here” was a production that took up all rights of persons with disabilities, aspects of the issue with the sensitive approach of former producers and focused on a solution without arousing pity for them. We knew that we were expected to maintain

36 RADYOvizyon

Solution: Production usually necessitates asking This is the end of the world! for more than what is available. Sometimes imagination reaches such a point that at first one Question mark: How can hearing impaired persons cannot notice that the fastest way is the simplest. whose number amounts to 3 million be reached out However one says that “there are simpler ways”... through media the only means of communication of “Why don’t you set up a camera in the studio?” which is voice? How can a radio drama be narrated Result: Making a decision makes up 99% of and how can we ensure that they are not deprived accomplishment. A camera system has been set up of information conveyed in a broadcast? Or does a in our radio studio. Our on-camera radio program voice inside of us say “Let them not listen” implying to be broadcast on the internet has been broadcast persons in battery-operated wheelchairs the way it on the internet. A protocol was reached with the says “Let it be like this for this time” when we park İzmir office of the Ministry of Family and Social our car on the pavement because we cannot find a Policies. Seasoned sign language interpreters with place to park or “Let them not go there” when small the Ministry have taken their place in our studio elevators are not enlarged or uneven roads are not every Tuesday at 11.00 a.m. They convert signals, leveled... Is our inner voice deep inside us that says interviews, texts and even songs that we play in “Friends, this is the end of the world for visually between our talk shows into sign language. impaired persons, after this we will move on with those who can see” after ending tactile ground Our contribution to equal opportunities surface indicators in the middle of a pavement like for persons with disabilities a voice that suddenly appears after we are helpless? Does this voice say “Radio is voice and those who do This is our second year. Our project “A Radio not hear this voice are deprived of it!” Program for Hearing Impaired Persons” that we launched in 2014 continues. We do not know how many persons will watch it for how many times but How can hearing we never say “Let them not listen!” in our job. We do not ignore hearing impaired persons that make impaired persons up one third of persons with disabilities in this program because our laws tell us that everyone whose number is equal. Even the Universal Declaration of Human amounts to Rights and UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities say so... Most importantly, our inner 3 million be voice says so...

reached out All ALS and MS patients, persons with Down through media syndrome, persons who have paraplegia and are in wheelchairs because they have dived headfirst into the only means of shallow water and persons who have been visually communication of impaired or hearing impaired since childhood want to have equal rights in education, health, access to which is voice? justice, employment, service sector and sports. We are trying to contribute to equal opportunities for persons with disabilities through our program “We are also Here” although our roads, buildings, public Question: What could be done in a program for transport vehicles and at times our point of view, persons with disabilities to reach out to hearing create bigger barriers before them... impaired persons?

Quests: Perhaps they will develop a system that will turn voice into writing. Perhaps there is such technology. Perhaps they will produce special digital radios and every word that comes out of the microphone will be seen as a text on digital screen.

37 A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL RADIO THE MASS ONE OR THE MORE INDIVIDUAL ONE?

You know how we got used to the term “mass broadcasting”. Values, ethical principles, policies and many more represented by mass broadcasting are primary matters that we got used to talking about.

Prof. Dr. Nezih Orhon*

D iscussing the place of radio in mass broadcasting A good friend, an old voice is similar to teaching the alphabet in textbooks. In mass broadcasting radio provided connection Is mass broadcasting, particularly mass radio from one spot to many others and in the classical broadcasting that has become an intricate part sense it represented a one way communication. of social life, really limited by the out-of-date A certain location that got in touch with us and expressions we use in debate? served the role of content provider in a certain Are you kidding? When we say mass broadcasting, format. Yes, this is still the way it is today. But we I think we don’t need to say that the world keeps can say that it brings along a more nostalgic feeling. rotating. At least while reading this and similar Radio is a good friend, an old voice in a long-range other articles; while listening to the radio, we voyage that we share in our car in the dead of night. should remember the “mobile phone” that’s lying Beyond its nostalgic side, radio can draw attention on our table or in our pocket (Turks call it “pocket as much as it differentiates its content and format phone”, which I think is a nice contribution to the in our daily lives. Or, it becomes the scene of new field). What is the position of radio broadcasts that meetings as much as it can create more authentic we started listening via our smart phones and and niche (with varying features but limited other mediums? Where is it taking us? Have you masses) crowds. We can say that these restrictions ever thought about it? are the challenges before the creativity of mass radio broadcasting. Considering radio solely as part of mass broadcasting would be nothing but a nostalgic So what is up with this “individual” dimension that wish to live among past memories. Radio is radio is evolving towards from mass radio? This is beginning to settle in a place that we can call a question that deserves some thinking. Let’s push multimedia. It is not a positioning that replaces our memories to the limit for a second. Let’s think the core and conditions of mass broadcasting. about how the many things that changed in our This is a different tendency steered and triggered lives along with internet are related with radio by individual usage. Therefore, there is no definite and the course they take mass radio towards. We answer to the question raised above. Radio with can now think that the voices we heard through the scale it reached today is evolving both at a mass radio have now a face or rather many faces. mass and individual level. We have added humanoid or human-made faces

38 RADYOvizyon next to the voices we recognize. This is exactly surprise to anyone that all of us became receivers a situation that took place with non-humanoid and transmitters of broadcasts thanks to talented faces. We are talking about the faces described by apps on our smart phones and similar mobile different mediums on the internet. Faces that build devices. It should be counted as a cutting edge the mass and individual simultaneously. These are point, at which we can collect the content we want internet faces. It evolved from the classical sense like music, photographs or videos and share them of connection that is “one-point-to-many-points” and other individuals to collect our content thanks to “many-points-to-many-points” interaction and to these apps. While taking a ride in our car, we can sharing. This is what led to recent term we keep synchronize our smart phones with the broadcast hearing. Yes, it’s “internet radio.” coming from the in-car system – be it news or music from other individuals and listen to this So did the evolution of individualized radio that content; or we can share our own content. Just like has been in quest of an authentic direction while we said in the beginning, faces-icons (expressions) enjoying the company of mass radio come to a joined these elements. We are now able to match- stop? Of course not. “Blog radio” term came right add images, photographs, pictures and many more after “internet radio.” Social networks turned into a to the content we share on these platforms. Now, huge opportunity for a variety of purposes. This every voice has a face. This way or the other... As we structure that puts individuals and their preferences move from the mass to the individual everything into sharing, offered a variety of opportunities for has begun to have a better defined face. radio. These platforms offered radio and individuals the opportunity to freely express themselves As a result, the advance of radio shows a march and do it the way they desire. This has been towards different expansions and possibilities to an achievement that made radio deeper at an create groups, communities and maybe other individual level. Indeed, a tendency in this direction special rings in the process of massification. The was inevitable considering other developments. biggest threat awaiting broadcasters that tend to disregard individuals, groups and communities that With “blog radio”, we are now able to listen to want to access, create, and share their own content the content of a blog as if we are listening to the becomes evident at this point: Being limited to radio. This could be any blog. It’s our choice to the mass radio dimension in its old nostalgic and pick the time and location. It’s as if turning back to classical form as “the voice.” Throwing something at the extremely personalized radio tuner. What we everyone, but being unable to reach any of them liked more than any other feature is the ability to properly. This is the most probable big problem follow radio broadcasts on the blogs on desktops of our day. Other than this, especially realizing the or mobile devices thanks to RSS feeds. Everything personalized feat of radio and introducing solutions looks so wonderful, but is this as far as we can go? to this end is one of the core topics “stations” will The answer is of course a big NO! have to focus on in upcoming years... We look set to And most recently, we heard about “Twitter Radio.” see many more changes. Mark McKeague –a student of Queen’s University in Belfast, Ireland developed a process that makes it So did the evolution of possible to transmit Twitter feed and content. As a individualized radio that student of music technology, McKeague designed an interactive radio that makes it possible to listen has been in quest of an to people’s posts on Twitter in real time. Right at authentic direction while this point, when we started thinking if we reached the peak of personalized radio, we have found yet enjoying the company of another answer. Yes, this latest experience is called “AppRadio.” mass radio come to a stop? Just when we are so dependent on the screen, Of course not. almost when we deserved the title “screen generation”, it is no surprise to anyone that *Anadolu University Faculty of Communication Sciences AppRadio was an inevitable outcome. It is also no [email protected]

39 IstanbulTRT Radio

Osman Nuri Boyacı

If you happen to pass by Harbiye in İstanbul you stop by and start watching a building that attracts your attention. This building is a voice house. It is İstanbul Radio that has been reaching distant places since its establishment and is an indispensable part of İstanbul’s cultural and artistic life. Radio that has become part of our lives as one of the most interesting inventions of the past century has sprung to life in this building. Photo: TRTPhoto: Archives

40 RADYOvizyon

T he first radio broadcast in our country was on Orhan Avşar and Necdet Koyutürk Tango Orchestra May 6, 1927 from İstanbul. The journey of the voice introduced listeners to a different world in their house that started at the main Post Office in Sirkeci regular broadcasts. Jazz bands such as İsmet Sıral continued at İstanbul Radio in Harbiye in 1949. What and his orchestra and dance music groups such as did our radio take to different geographical areas Faruk Akel and his group enabled radio to reach new from İstanbul? How did it contribute to the world? listeners. Fehmi Ege, formed a new tango orchestra Our listeners will be the answers to these questions. at İstanbul Radio in 1950. Tarık Gürcan, a radio announcer, remembers the The Red Truck days when İstanbul Radio first went on air in Harbiye İstanbul Radio had a mobile broadcast vehicle that as follows: “ İstanbul radio was a lucky one because Orhan Boran called the “red truck.” This vehicle was we had started with a small staff. Three announcers, like technician Sabit Karamani’s home. Incidents a few archivists and a group of technicians... A staff corcerning İstanbul, openings, interviews and live of no more than 12 people... We did not even have football commentaries were broadcast from this chairs. However, we were young and did our best to red truck back then. İstanbul’s famous artists and help one another. We had just received our records. writers were either guests to radio shows or hosted 78 rpm records and some special records had been their own programs. Recordings enriched with the sent from the United States... We would go to work voices of Turkey’s cultured people. İstanbul radio even at weekends and help one another. The radio was invited to wherever a meeting of artists took was an active and dynamic place...” place and recordings were made. Speeches made by many poets, writers, painters, scientists and politicians who passed away, have reached the We hear İstanbul’s present day thanks to these recordings... tempo, excitement, İstanbul Radio is still an indispensable part of the city today. Those who shape art, culture and politics joy and beauty in Turkey, reach İstanbul and the whole country when we give an ear to from the voice house. Economic and technological development level attained by Turkey speeds up the voice house. İstanbul Radio’s working speed beyond expectations. It strengthens ties with listeners. Our radio that had Those who passed by Harbiye in the 1950s, looked a staff of 12 people when it first went on the air, tries at those who came out of the radio building in to keep listeners’ attention with its new thematic admiration and waited excitedly to see famous stations. The life of İstanbul Radio is shaped with singers like Müzeyyen Senar, Zeki Müren, Münir changes that Turkey undergoes and opens up to Nurettin Selçuk, Muzaffer Akgün and many others. new spheres of life. It offers significant contribution Thousands of letters were sent by our listeners to to our culture and art. Efforts are made particularly İstanbul Radio in those years .Listeners requested to keep Turkish Classical and Folk Music alive and songs or stated their problems in these letters. These hand them down to future generations. Turkey’s problems were assessed on the radio and steered only jazz and light music orchestra continues its programs too. Record Purchasing department activities within the body of TRT İstanbul Radio. Our constituted the most important part of broadcasts radio is almost the only meeting place for jazz artists before the 1950s. Wire recorders that recorded in Turkey. voice to a wire and records used to be recorded in İstanbul Radio that has significantly contributed to all this department. Magnetic tapes were not used at broadcasts of Turkish radio stations has succeeded Turkish radios at that time. in reaching more listeners with a new radio station Besides vinyl record recordings in the voice that went on the air early this year. TRT Kent Radio house, live broadcasts offered listeners immense İstanbul offers many alternatives of making the most excitement. Along with Turkish folk and classical of this beautiful city. music groups, light music groups were also our We hear İstanbul’s tempo, excitement, joy and guests. İlham Gencer and his friends were our beauty when we give an ear to the voice house. guests in a live music broadcast. Sevinç Tevs and Respected figures who came out of the voice house, Ayten Alpman were the soloists of the group. meet listeners continuously every day.

41 RADYOvizyon

Zafer Akçay has been a radio passenger for 25 years… The career he started at Trabzon Radio continued at Ankara Radio and he now works at İzmir Radio. Akçay meets the audience every morning with “Yetkili Servis” (Authorized Dealer) as producer, technician and presenter. Akçay shared his 25 year-long voyage with Radyovizyon readers.

Hakan Özalpuk

W hen, how and where did your adventure on That was my first moment on the radio. The person the microphone began? whom I found out only later to be TRT Presenter Rıfat Aras, was not only the person that discovered In 1982, I gained admission into Ankara me but also my first tutor. I owe him a lot. After University’s School of Press-Broadcasting. When that day, I could not stay away from the studio. I was a freshman I had sophomore friends. One Once, we even managed to make closed circuit day, I couldn’t find them in the cafeteria and asked broadcast despite all shortcomings. Possibly, around and located them at the Radio section those were the best days of my life. upstairs. Until then, I hadn’t been to that section. Timidly, I opened the heavy door and walked in. I Who trained you to be able to be on TRT heard sounds but I couldn’t see anyone. I walked microphones? towards the sound and I came across a big man with a moustache. In a bold and deep voice he I didn’t receive any other training until TRT said: “Who are you? Who are you looking for?” I examinations for presenting positions. But, I was was a little afraid because I sneaked in. I remember lucky because that was what I had studied at saying in a hesitant tone: “Sir, I was looking for my school. There was a radio station where I could friends.” He said “Follow me!” and I followed. He work any time. Rıfat Aras left our school a short took me somewhere I saw for the first time, and while after but I kept on improving myself. For I understood it was the studio. He seated me on a long time I took on the responsibility of the the desk, behind the microphone and gave me a radio. Often times, I didn’t even attend my classes piece of paper. He said “I will go to the other side; because I spent most of my time at the radio. read this on my mark.” I did what he said and read Unfortunately, I can’t recall his name right now, the paper. When I finished and looked up, I saw but there was a technician, who had retired from 5-6 people staring at me. TRT. I learned a lot from him. He used to teach

42 RADYOvizyon me everything he knew tirelessly. Later on, I How did you feel the first time on the applied to the examination opened by TRT for the microphone? presenting position. I was still at second year of When we passed the examination, we were college. Back in the days, this was enough to take supposed to do a month-long internship at the the examination. I was extremely excited when I central station before being sent to our posts. applied. I was going to be a presenter at the only In my first shift, I was accompanied by Şebnem broadcasting organization in Turkey. It seemed Savaşçı. The first task I was given by her was to unbelievable. I passed the initial three levels of hit the gong and say “It’s 11 o’clock.” I just had to qualifications and earned a ticket to the 3 month- announce the time. I was extremely excited even long training course. We were together in that if it was such a simple task. Dear Şebnem told me course with many of my present day colleagues. I “Write it down son, or you won’t be able to say first met in that course my presenter friends Füsun it.” The big moment was around the corner, in a Ünsal, Meral Arasıl, Murat Can Canbay, with whom few seconds I was going to say “It’s 11 o’clock.” I I work today in İzmir. For 25 years since then we can still remember the thrill of the moment even have been working shoulder to shoulder. today. When it was 11 o’clock, I turned on the cross Tutors of our 3-month-long course were also fader, hit the gong and said “It’s 11 o’clock.” Oh my! quite successful figures. As a group, we were really It felt like I did the hardest job on earth. I still feel lucky ones. All acclaimed personalities of the time goosebumps when I think about it.  at trainer level were with us, such as; Şebnem Among all of your experiences throughout Savaşçı, Aylin Özmenek, Mahmut Blaçın, Yıldırım your career on the microphone, what affected Dilek Uçaker, Ejder Akışık, Mehpare Çelik and you the most? Yılmaz Tok. During the Gulf and Düzce earthquakes we went After the examination there was the interview through in 1999, I was in the area for live broadcasts. phase and the most important question they asked But we couldn’t make any live broadcast because me was: “If we were to appoint you to another city, TRT Radio broadcasts were joined with TV News. would you be willing to go?” It was not a question The thing is; I can never forget the days I spent I could answer positively right away at that time in the area. The things voiced in the interviews because I was still a sophomore in college and I were far too simple compared to what they really stated it. As you can guess, I couldn’t make the experienced. People went through inexplicable cut. Three years later, I took another examination pain and suffering. I saw things I never can and and I came first in the course. This time I answered: would want to see again. I witnessed extremely “Yes, I can go anywhere”. And I did go; my first bad pain. There were times when we couldn’t appointment was Trabzon Radio. complete interviews for we burst into tears.

I served 5 years at Trabzon Radio. Our tutors used What are the attractive sides of this profession to tell us: “A good presenter gets seasoned in that make you still want to produce? 5 years.” Just when I became a good presenter, I was appointed to Ankara Radio. After spending I guess you want to say “Of you are quite old now, another 5 years in this city I went to İzmir Radio of why are you still producing programs?”  This is my own free will and I still serve as Chief Presenter not something that you can simply push out of and Broadcast Service Officer. your life. When you say “good morning” you are addressing thousands of people. What other Chief Presenter title is also an interesting story profession can offer this to me or anyone else? for me…Currently, I am the last one to hold this You get incredible amounts of feedback during title at TRT Radios. This title will cease to exist and after the show. If measurements are correct, along with me, because unfortunately, as part when I go on air, I reach 350 thousand people. It’s of the restructuring plan many titles have been magical to even think that so many people listen withdrawn. When I retire, there won’t be any Chief to you; feel happy or sad along with you. In olden Presenter in the organization. It gives me sorrow times, we used to get feedback from the audience and pride at the same time to be the last person to via letters or fax, and then came the e-mails. carry this title with its heavy responsibilities. Nowadays, we got into the swirl of social media.

43 RADYOvizyon

The speed here is mind-boggling. You begin to get reaction before you even finish your sentence. You run a contest and you get hundreds of replies in 30 seconds mark. No one knows what the future holds, but that’s the way it is now…

Also, only in recent years I have been able to do what I have wanted to do since my early days in this job; and that’s one of the elements that keep me addicted to the broadcast… Being producer- technician and presenter all at once in the program! Now, I can perform three tasks by myself. we try to play fast-paced, hit songs. We have a The technology enables me to do it. I know I also humorous style. We are natural. I believe this is lead my younger colleagues on this. They can also why the audience loves us. Younger listeners work like this. In fact, I don’t know if there’s any TRT addressing me as “older brother” and older listeners Presenter doing it other than me. I think there’s calling me “son” is the proof. These are wonderful still no one else. However, I will continue to set an feelings. This is exactly how it is reflected upon us. example, because I believe that’s way it should be. We can feel ourselves in a tiny house in a village of The broadcaster must be able to embody these Kars or in a company office in Mersin. This is how three professions and translate into life. the program feels natural.

In which programs can the audience meet Generally, funny incidents make up the content you presently? of the program. We talk about these stories in a In 2015, we are together with the audience humorous way without offending or humiliating every weekday between 09:00-11:00 in our show anyone in the process. The fact that we talk about “Authorized Dealer.” As of New Year almost all real news makes us a real program. Listeners join programs of TRT FM have been refreshed. Everyone the program knowing that the news we talk about started from scratch and all teams are working is real. For instance the topic of the day is selected hard to make their programs successful. Everyone from a real life incident and listeners imagine what is supporting each other while trying to do their they would do in a situation like that. best. This brings along a sweet competition. I What would you advise to the youth planning believe we should always aim higher and try to a career in this profession? be at the top both among ourselves –our own programs and among others across Turkey in This profession takes the pulse of life. It is life itself. terms of ratings. This is a tailor cut job for those looking for one that they can do for years without getting bored and I am aware that the best way to success comes with good team work. As “Authorized Dealer”, feeling down. I even encourage my own son to we are very lucky because we have a wonderful pursue a career in this job. He picked his mother’s team of young members. Along with Uğur Saatçi path to become an architect but he continues his in the production, we have Sinem Erdemin the radio broadcasting endeavors, which started with role of “Assistant Sinem”, and “Counsellor Adnan” “The Children’s Club.” I believe if he works hard character played by Adnan Yıldırım. Each one enough, he can be a good radio broadcaster. has become a phenomenon for TRT FM listeners. If young fellows want to have fun while making Feeling the energy of young people and knowing money, they should pick this job. I just finished that they are around gives you a motivating force. my 25th year in this profession. In all that years I Our slogan is “One for all, all for one.”  In cases never once said “I wish I had gone for another job.” of sickness and leave when we have a missing Perhaps, I may not be objective but it’s not just member; we feel it deeply. And that’s what makes me. Everyone around me, or anyone else in this us a real team. job, they all feel the same. Is it an easy job? NO? “Authorized Dealer” is a music-entertainment Can anyone do it? No! Is it too relaxed? No! Is it too program… As we are on air in the morning hours, much fun? Oh, YES! 

44 Esra İlkkurşun

CREATIVE PROGRAM TECHNIQUES In this episode we will talk about creative program techniques inspired by radio programs that made it to the finale of ABU Prizes 2011 in documentary and drama categories.

S OUTH KOREA / KBS - A STORY OF THREE NATIONS: Internet world, TV channels, radio stations… They 9 young people from 3 nations -Japan, South Korea reach out to audiences with programs round the and China- that have kept a distance between clock, 7/24. A radio program can make a splash in them throughout history get on the road to better our Global Village –definition by Mcluhen- only if it understand each other. They try to understand how manages to be mass and individual at the same time come a nation mourns for an incident labeling it as in the communication world, where mediums clash at “genocide” and another builds an honorary museum the speed of light. for it. 9 friends visit these three countries and redefine history in airports, hotel lobbies, or in the narrow Social scientists call it “glocalism”. It means “thinking streets of a town. Sometimes they question things in global but acting local”, and it’s one of the pillars of their inner worlds, sometimes they discuss together. modern day broadcasting approach. Indeed, there are no words unspoken under the sun. There’s no INDIA / ALL INDIA RADIO: LEFT SIDE ROOM: A undefined emotion…In this regard, what befalls upon young medic comes under attack in the garden of a hospital. She loses her conscience. She has no family the radio broadcaster with strong senses is to present or relatives to take care of her. The hospital spares the new angles to what’s known and keeping up with the room on the left at the top floor of the building for her. global within the local. Starting out with small ideas For 37 years they have been taking care of this nurse. and creating grand stories and presenting portions of While they wait for the euthanasia decision of the high human lives… The key to grab the attention of your court, workers at the hospital tell the story of how she listeners continuously is to find the right format to tell changed their lives. the story. Dramatizing, having expert views, making use of street interviews and sung or instrumental NEW ZEALAND / RNZ - 53rd VICTIM: 52 people were killed in London bomb attacks in 2005. Is the music may reflect the true emotions of the topic. 53rd victim the New Zealander doctor, who was tried The catchphrase used by the producer at the right at British courts for saving a wounded citizen in the time (Contrary to expectations catchphrase is not blast? This doctor begins every morning with loud used only in dramas. Catchphrase of radio programs positive expressions; and come night time, the doctor in any format can be a striking question, effect or a stays in with his professor wife and daughter that are well-chosen song) can help listeners find something only seen in photographs. Is the doctor really a doctor? What about his wife? Does she really exist? related to them and keep them connected to the program. Three radio programs prepared by producers with different backgrounds, different tastes, eating and Above all, a creative radio program requires the sincere shopping cultures... How can they influence a Turkish approach of the producer to the subject matter. If individual far away? Did they capture universality it’s not the case, the listener instantly realizes what’s within locality? happening and tunes in to another station.

45 RADYOvizyon Photograph by: Öney KalanPhotograph Ceren

Japanese on the Radio www.trtjapanese.com The World has been looking forward to this news and it’s here: TRT Japanese Desk was officially launched on April 1, 2015. The desk has its own website and podcasts. Japanese radio broadcasts’ being launched in the year 2015 also has a special meaning.

125 years ago, on September 16, 2015 Ertuğrul Frigate crashed into rocky surface off the shores of Kushimoto of Japan and sunk. More than 500 people were killed in the accident. Only 69 seamen survived. This unfortunate event led to an increasingly stronger friendship between Turkey and Japan. 2015 marks the 125th anniversary of the Ertuğrul Frigate accident and the beginning of friendly ties between Turkey and Japan. The launch of Japanese radio broadcasts coincided with such a historic anniversary. The Voice of Turkey (VOT) used to broadcast in 36 languages including English, German, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Russian, Spanish, Italian, Chinese, Hungarian, Dari, Pashtu, and Arabic. As of April 1, 2015, the number has risen to 41 because we

46 RADYOvizyon have added Portuguese, Swahili, Hausa, Malay, and Our second principle is to produce news in a way that Japanese to the list. Our language family is growing even someone who knows nothing about Turkey can bigger. And we are happy to join such a fantastic easily read. Turkish expressions are quite difficult for family as the Japanese Desk of TRT. Japanese people to understand. We add explanations to our pieces for our followers to understand them TRT Japanese Desk operates in two platforms like the correctly. rest of the desks on radio and the internet. Initially we started with 4 hour long podcasts on radio. Due to TRT VOT high demand we started both satellite and internet www.trtvotworld.com radio broadcasts as of June 10, 2015. Our radio slot is on air everyday between 13:30-14:30 Turkish local time. It is a live broadcast on TRT VOT World channel. www.trtvotworld.com The 4 hour-long podcast is also still underway... In our radio broadcasts we have news and review of the Turkish Press followed by a variety of feature programs Reaching out to the whole world covering the fields of history, culture, politics, economy, sports, health, science and education. We can imagine with radio broadcasts in 37 languages the faces of our listeners while preparing radio and web broadcasts in 41 languages programs, creating the playlist, and presenting. This is where we get our motivation for a better broadcast. TRT presents the world as one entity. As the Japanese desk, we are happy to contribute to this challenging task. People are tuning in to our broadcasts not only from Japan, but also from the USA, France, China and many more countries around the world. Listeners especially enjoy our opening and closing addresses. Listeners say: “I have learned things that I couldn’t find in books about Turkey”, “I get information about Turkey that is not mentioned in Japan.” With our radio broadcasts, Easy Japanese News we give a chance to listeners who know nothing It’s not only the Japanese people, who were looking about Turkey to get to know and learn about Turkey. forward to TRT Japanese broadcasts. There are also For instance in our program called “Turquoise”, a people who love Japan, Japanese people and want to listener heard about the art of “marbling”, researched learn the Japanese language. According to data at hand, it online and shared her feelings with us in an e-mail. currently there are 4 million people studying Japanese Such feedbacks show us that our broadcasts serve our around the world. We have a section dedicated to purpose pretty well. The songs we meticulously select these people called “Easy Japanese News”. These are for our playlists blow notes from Turkish music towards specifically prepared items targeting people who are our listeners. They get to breathe Turkey’s atmosphere. at N4 level that is the basic Japanese level. It’s a good We can list our internet broadcasting principles as program both for learning Japanese and keeping up follows: First, we give news that only TRT Japanese with the agenda. We would be very happy to see this desk is able to produce, because in modern time program being used as classroom material at schools anyone can reach information from anywhere on teaching Japanese. earth momentarily through the internet. Rather than In parallel with radio and internet, we are connected stories people can find anywhere on the internet, with Japanese lovers on Facebook. We share items we we focus on original stories only the Japanese desk present on the radio or post on our website. We follow can offer. We translate the speeches of our President up on our stories to make them always updated. We and Prime Minister as if they delivered the speeches share beautiful pages of TRT, especially TRT AVAZ. Our in Japanese language. We dedicate our attention page is very popular. to local and cultural stories from Turkey, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Turkey’s neighbors. We want to thank our President, Prime Minister and TRT On items related to Japan and the rest of the world, we Director General Şenol Göka, for launching the Japanese try to present Turkey’s angle. We offer items that are desk and contributing to Turkey-Japan friendship and authentic to TRT. We instantly and accurately shared world peace. We also thank our colleagues at TRT and the results of June 7 general elections in Turkey. everyone, who support our desk.

47 RADYOvizyon Photograph by: Öney KalanPhotograph Ceren

Malay on the Radio www.trtmelayu.com

TRT External Services Department Malay Desk has been reaching out to 50 million people in Southeast Asia and Asia Pacific region since March 17, 2015.

48 RADYOvizyon

T his geographical area that received news via radio Towards Turkey”, “ Mevlana From Past to Present”, and web broadcasts of different cultures up until last “This World is Ours”, “Our Contribution to the World year, has started receiving news, for the first time in of Science”, “ Turkey and World Agenda”, “Eco-friendly history, from a geographical area with which it shares Tips”, “ Turkey’s Legendary Figures”, “İstanbul-A the same religious identity. Capital of Culture”, “ Turkey Rising Out of the Crisis”, “Health Tourism and Turkey” and “Great Love Stories Bahasa Melayu that is to say Malay language that in History” that appeal to people of all ages and was about to fall into oblivion, has been brought cultures. The Voice of Turkey Radio, with its culture, back to life in the lands where it was born thanks to a art and history programs that attract all listeners has significant step taken by the Republic of Turkey. a privileged place in international radio broadcasting. As the pulse of the world is taken with accurate, reliable and current news in the fields of politics, economy, art, sports and technology via web TRT External Services broadcasts, enjoyable and quality programs about prominent literary figures in the Turkish and Islamic Department Malay world and people who have put their stamp on Desk has been a voice history capture listeners’ attention. and breath from Turkey The objective of radio broadcasts that started podcasts via webpage in March 2015 and appeal to for Turkish nationals listeners of all ages and cultures can be summarized in the geographical as follows: strengthen centuries-long ties between Turkey, Southeast Asia and Asia Pacific, introduce area that it reaches out Turkish culture and history, vision, position, cultural appeasing longing for richness, strong economy, developing industry, technology and natural beauty of the Republic of the motherland and Turkey to the world and create a public opinion on is at the same time a Turkey by looking at topical issues through Turkey’s window... source transmitting

TRT External Services Department Malay Desk has Turkey’s agenda, current been a voice and breath from Turkey for Turkish events and politics to nationals in the geographical area that it reaches out appeasing longing for the motherland and is at the people speaking Bahasa same time a source transmitting Turkey’s agenda, Melayu in their own current events and politics to people speaking Bahasa Melayu in their own language. language.

Radio broadcasts prepared by Malay Desk, a dynamic and professional team, consist of programs that In their countless emails, phone calls and letters to convey developments in Turkey and world agenda the Malay Desk, listeners say that they listen to a as well as programs on Turkish music, culture and art more different and higher quality radio broadcast broadcast worldwide. than they have been used to up until the present day. They also say that they get acquainted with 1 hour long radio broadcasts are made via Web radio Turkey’s natural beauty and historical texture thanks podcasts everyday between 15.00-17.00 Turkish to history and tourism programs which excite them; local time and between 05.00-06.00 via Türksat 4A therefore they want to visit Turkey. West 42° E / Turkey-Europe 11.958, Türksat 3A East 42° E /Turkey-Central Asia 11.096 E, Hotbird (13° TRT External Services Department Malay Desk E) 12.015, Galaxy 19 (263° E) 11.960 satellites and introduces Turkey worldwide with its broadcasting include programs such as “ Turkey’s Educational approach that is honest and true to its own principles Portfolio”, “Turkish Customs and Traditions”, “Heading to readers and listeners worldwide.

49 Mevlüt Taçyıldız* Digital Radio Broadcasting TRT DAB PILOT PROJECT

Developed by EUREKA 147 Group, DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) is a major leap in radio technology since the launch of FM stereo broadcasts.

D AB provides CD quality sound and crystal clear radio broadcasting and necessary lab work to put reception. Besides high quality sound, it transmits it into practice, test broadcasts and setting up text, information and even images. The design the organizational infrastructure in line with the of Digital radio broadcasting system makes it measurements were the main targets of the DAB possible to have equally good broadcast reception Pilot Project. in stationary (home type), portable, and in-car In the scope of TRT –DAB Pilot Project, multiplexed receivers. Radio-1, TRT FM, Radio-3 and Tourism Radio TRT, as a national radio, TV broadcaster and a public channels can broadcast via a single transmitter broadcasting service in Turkey, established the simultaneously with FM broadcasts. Alongside first T-DAB (Terrestrial Digital Audio Broadcasting) the broadcast PAD –related with the program transmitter and began test broadcasts. Keeping and independent from the program N-PAD data up with the technological advancements in digital services can also be relayed.

50 RADYOvizyon

As can be seen in the DAB Pilot Project Principle DAB+ and DRM+ technologies have an advantage Schema already existing DVB-S MCPC platform was over the others for they have open standards and utilized to convey DAB transmission signal (which are widespread. Also investment and operation includes radio and data services for SFN-Single costs are comparatively low. Frequency Network application) to transmitters In line with its mission to be a pioneer in via satellite. After confirming the success of SFN broadcasting, the TRT wants to restart the DAB and application with two transmitters in Ankara, 1kW DAB+ test broadcasts to support the transition into DAB transmitter was taken to İstanbul in 2007 to terrestrial digital broadcasting in Turkey. Thanks to promote in fairs and to increase awareness about the positive approach of RTÜK, expansion of DAB+ digital radio broadcasting. broadcast network tests particularly in İstanbul, In line with our organization’s mission to be a Ankara, İzmir, Bursa, Kocaeli and Antalya is being pioneer in broadcasting, DAB radio broadcasts planned. started as a test through VHF band channel 12. Due to incomplete regulations and limited DAB transmitters the project was halted in 2008. DAB provides CD Developments at national and international level continue in digital terrestrial radio broadcasting. quality sound With developing voice coding-compression and transmission techniques digital future of AM and FM and crystal clear analogue broadcasts is being shaped. Alternative reception. or supplementary technology standards like DAB/ DAB+, DRM/DRM+, HD-Radio, ISDB, IBOC, DVB-T2 Lite have been developed for countries to choose. *Advisor, Technical R&D Director.

51 RADYOvizyon Photograph by: Öney KalanPhotograph Ceren

FROM THE STUDIO THOSE WHO LEFT THEIR MARK IN MUSIC Art is a country’s cache memory. Development of art in a country plays a significant role in the development of other fields. Music is only one of the most effective art forms.

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M usic has been a sophisticated and deep-rooted From Cem Babacan and Başar Can Kıvrak form of art covering a wide range of topics. achieving worldwide success despite their young This sophisticated and deep-rooted form of age... art covering a wide range of topics is one of From Vedat Kaptan Yurdakul’s unique singing the most important factors that take a nation voice –a blend of his romantic personality and through the ages. Therefore, societies are known Turkish Classical music-echoing not only in our for tones, rhythms and melodies of music of their country but also in the entire world... own cultures. So, we have called our program “Those Who Left Their Mark in Music” by taking From miraculous compositions by Turgay courage from rich and rooted Turkish Music and Erdener- an outstanding composer who nationwide and worldwide success achieved by reproduces his melodies in a different format Turkish artists. by combining melodies of Turkish Music and his own interpretation... Where did we take this courage from? From our successful, highly talented Turkish From world-renowned violin virtuoso Suna singers and virtuosos whom we are proud of Kan who honored us by being the guest of our hosting in our program... program and replied to the question “How did They leave their mark in music not only with you start playing the violin?”without hesitation music they make in our country but also while sharing her life and music experience with throughout the world. our listeners, saying that “Violin is part of my soul…” Tracing those who left their mark “Those Who Left Their Mark in Music” is prepared From esteemed Turkish Folk Music singer Okan and hosted by Seçil Öztan and Ekrem Öztan who Murat Öztürk introducing melodies of our music are research assistants at Hacettepe University in the country and abroad based on a different Ankara State Conservatory.. Seçil Öztan graduated and academic understanding… from the department of Opera and Theatre of the State Conservatory and is at the same time an actress at Ankara State Theatre... “Those Who Left Ekrem Öztan is a clarinet virtuoso who graduated with a first-class honors degree from the department Their Mark in of clarinet of Ankara State Conservatory… Music” being “Those Who Left Their Mark in Music” being hosted by two professionals, takes the program to a hosted by two different platform. This is the secret underlying its professionals, success.. The program based on the producer’s philosophy takes the program “We are trying to protect traces of those who left their mark in music” is broadcast on TRT the Voice of to a different Turkey Radio and TRT Memleketim FM Radio every platform. week. You can listen to our program at www.turkiyeninsesiradyosu.com / www.trtmemleketimfm.com

53 THROUGH the PRODUCER’S Sultan Yanmaz EYES

we are at kakava festival

JINGLE A Melody of the Roma Culture ANNOUNCER Dear listeners, this week our program “On the Roads of Anatolia” is broadcast from Edirne where we celebrate Kakava Festival.. MUSIC FADES-IN Gypsies make and sell iron tongs, Gypsies make and sell iron tongs, Fifteen people, the whole family and relatives stay in the same tent, Fifteen elderly persons, including uncle, aunt, grandmother and grandfather, live in the same house, Ah! The Roma dance in the garden day and night, Ah! The Roma, dad hold the horse I’m Romani… MUSIC FADES-OUT ANNOUNCEMENT Edirne Municipality Inaugurates Kakava Festival

The smell of spring has come, flowers bloom in different colors, like a man coming back to life,the sweet smell of soil, beautiful spring has come once again… Bonfires , swings, picnics and wishes… Today is Hıdırellez; today is Kakava Festival-a celebration of the arrival of spring… This has been part of our culture for a thousand years. Today we turn our faces towards the sun and welcome spring.

54 Articles in the column "Through the Producer's Eyes" are original radio texts. The program is created based on these texts given to the presenter and the technician. This program was broadcast on May 22, 2015. APPLAUSE ANNOUNCEMENT May I invite Edirne Mayor Mr. Recep Gürkan to come to the stage to make his speech on the significance of this day. VOICE Edirne Mayor Recep Gürkan Distinguished fellow townsmen and citizens of the Republic of Turkey who came to Edirne across the country to attend Kakava Festival; welcome to Edirne. We are honored with your presence. Today we welcome spring. Today we welcome shoots to be given off by seeds that we will plant in the soil. Today we welcome a new period and season for mankind with the arrival of spring. Welcome everyone and happy Hıdırellez ! May spring be the harbinger of new joys, new love and new beauties for mankind. Happy Kakava Festival. I would like to express my deepest respect to all those who are taking part in this Festival. APPLAUSE JINGLE A Melody of the Roma Culture / We will come here, sit on the grass and belly dance.. ROMA WOMAN We have inherited our customs and traditions from our grandfathers and grandmothers. We lit bonfires at nights; come here during the day, distribute rice, dance, go to the riverside in the morning, play games, break a tree branch and go home. We have been doing these for many years. SULTAN YANMAZ (S.Y.) Do you have fun until morning? ROMAN KADIN Yes, we do. S.Y. Do you wear special clothing? ROMA WOMAN Yes, we do. We have special clothing made, we wear wedding gowns and night dresses. ROMA YOUNG GIRL We have wedding gowns, night dresses. We have everything. These are our customs and traditions. S.Y. Do you like your Festival? Photograph by: Sultan Yanmaz by:Photograph Sultan

55 ROMA YOUNG GIRL Yes, we do. S.Y. Are you happy Ma’am? ROMA WOMAN AND YOUNG GIRL Yes, we are, we are very happy darling. We love Kakava more than the Festival. The Roma collect garbage, eat bread but practice their customs and traditions. They are cheerful people. We can be hungry but we should be in high spirits. S.Y. Sorrows and unhappiness continue during the day but are forgotten on such days and everyone is happy together and has fun together. ROMA WOMAN We have fun no matter what happens. We care for people who are sick and attend funerals but have fun when the time comes. S.Y. Thank you very much and what is your name? ROMA WOMAN You’re welcome dear. My name is Sabiha. S.Y. What are you going to do? You are so well-dressed… ROMA CHILD We are going to light a bonfire and then leap over it. We are going to play music, wear our clothes, play games and dance… S.Y. Are you going to sing too? ROMA CHILD Yes. S.Y. What song are you going to sing? Can you croon? The Roma child sings by clapping his hands / Use the hand pump… Pull the horse-drawn carriage… Apply your cream… Show off…My brother is a hand pump seller and drives his horse-drawn carriage the whole day. That’s all I know. Children sing together/ Wearing a shalwar, eating cream and chilli peppers.. Sultan Yanmaz talking to a Roma man standing beside the children S.Y. We came from Ankara and work at TRT the Voice of Turkey Radio. Happy Kakava Festival and Hıdırellez. We are celebrating Kakava Festival with you.. ROMA MAN May God bless you. Thank you. We, the Roma, came here to celebrate Kakava Festivities joyfully, peacefully and proudly just like every year. . Come and join us… S.Y. On the one hand you are working and on the other hand you are singing and dancing. ROMA MAN We feel like this. We both dance and sing. S.Y. Those coming out of Edirne accompany you. ROMA MAN May God bless them. May God bless foreign tourists as well as those who come from İstanbul, İzmir, Antalya and across Turkey. Hıdırellez is celebrated in Edirne and everyone should know this! S.Y. Thank you very much. Children sing together JINGLE A Melody of the Roma Culture ANNOUNCER Dear listeners, this week our program “On the Roads of Anatolia” is broadcast from Edirne where we celebrate Kakava Festival.

56 RADYOvizyon

WOMAN Hello! We came from Yalova. This place is beautiful. We love it here. We are going to leap over the bonfire; now the fire is burning strongly, let it smoulder and then we are going to leap over it. ANOTHER WOMAN We came from Yalova as a group. S.Y. What is it like to be here? ANOTHER WOMAN It is a lovely feeling… This is my first visit to Edirne and I really liked it. From now on, we will come here every year, won’t we?

ANOTHER WOMAN IN YALOVA GROUP Of course, God willing! S.Y. Hıdırellez, the celebration of the arrival of spring, is celebrated as Kakava here. We can say that they almost have the same rituals. Wishes are made, prayers are recited and the arrival of spring is a new hope! There is joy and excitement. A WOMAN IN YALOVA GROUP Absolutely, it is a lovely feeling… We will throw our wishes into Danube River. ANOTHER WOMAN IN YALOVA GROUP It represents abundance and prosperity. It represents the meeting of Hızır and İlyas, it is a phenomenon… One of the best Festivals in Turkey… S.Y. Every year thousands of people come here from within the country and abroad to celebrate this special day… A WOMAN IN YALOVA GROUP I came from Switzerland. I will make a wish. S.Y. If it is not personal, what will you wish for? A WOMAN IN YALOVA GROUP I have children and I will wish for them to be well-brought- up and be good people. ANOTHER WOMAN IN YALOVA GROUP Let there be abundance and prosperity, unity and solidarity in our country. Let everyone live happily. Let our soldiers get their discharge papers after completing their military service. This is all that I wish for… S.Y. There are people who have come here across Turkey. You are celebrating it together. Your wish was very good. Happiness and peace for everyone. A WOMAN IN YALOVA GROUP I wish everyone a happy Hıdırellez Festival. S.Y. Thank you very much. What are your names? ALL TOGETHER Zeynep Toraman, Fatma Altınay, Nermin Üstün.

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JINGLE A Melody of the Roma Culture / Click click… Cling and clatter… I couldn’t buy my child a toy, I couldn’t get my baby a doll. S.Y. We wish you a happy Festival! ROMA WOMAN Thanks. I wish you and me a happy Hıdırellez. We will wash our hands, celebrate and dance. Our Festival is lovely, we dance all the time. We listen to music round the clock. S.Y. What is your wish? ROMA WOMAN My wish? I will make a wish for a house. I do not have a house of my own. I am a tenant. S.Y. May God grant your wish. ROMA WOMAN Amen S.Y. Are you having fun? ROMA BOY Yes, I am. S.Y. Do you celebrate this Festival every year? ROMA BOY Yes, I do. S.Y. Does your wish come true every year? ROMA BOY Yes, it does. This year I will wish for a playground! I want a playground to be built in the neighborhood where I live. JINGLE A Melody of the Roma Culture WOMEN AND MEN DANCE ALL TOGETHER We love Kırkpınar and Edirne. The Roma are the most cheerful people throughout the world. We wish a happy new year to everyone. The way you welcome a new year is important. If you welcome it happily then you will be happy the whole year. We welcome it happily so we are always happy. We came from Bursa. This is a lovely place. Thrace is full of cheerful people. My country is beautiful. MAN We wish a happy Hıdırellez to everyone. We came from İstanbul. We really enjoy ourselves here. We invite everyone to come here. Best wishes from Edirne. Kisses to all! JINGLE A Melody of the Roma Culture Played with the Drum and Clarinet MAN How is Kakava Festival celebrated? There is an array of colors here. Then bonfires… Bonfires are a must! This is great fun! Tomorrow at five in the morning you will see people washing their hands and faces in water and then reciting prayers. This is a traditional ceremony. This is a Festival celebrated with prayers. It is an excellent event. We will wash our hands and faces with water, wear colorful clothes and then have fun… Kakava is a Festival that was first celebrated by the Roma. It is their Festival… We are celebrating it with them. It is organized so well. We all celebrate it together. It has become Edirne’s Festival. It is one of the biggest events after Kırkpınar… It is also a great opportunity for people to socialize… We will make wishes. Some will wish to have children and others will wish to get married quickly... There are wishes… There cannot be Kakava without wishes! S.Y. Yes, there cannot be Kakava without wishes. MAN No, sir. S.Y. Can you introduce yourself? MAN My name is Bahri Dinar; I am the President of Edirne Fried Liver Quality Promotion and Protection Association. BOYS SING All TOGETHER Oh mother-in-law! What have you done to us? What have you done to us? We love each other … We are running away... We are running away…Oh mother-in- law! What have you done to us? What have you done to us? JINGLE

58 LIBRARY Pınar Göksan Aker

RadioRadio Must Must Survive Survive I f the best way of creating a mystery is being “Radio Must Survive”, which is focused on the invisible, radio has been doing a great job at this philosophical side of radio, was penned first for since its invention. It is a natural instinct for humans radio broadcasters and secondly for radio listeners. to go after the thing they cannot see. Radio is the Let’s take a look at certain quotes from the book, most compatible mass communication tool with in which all lines look better than others with spot- this human nature… If it wasn’t like this, do you on assessments: think radio’s century old adventure could have “If there is radio, there is voice, excitement, reached today without a break and loss? humanitarian awareness; there is joy of life and If radio is voice, listeners are the followers of this spirit of sharing. Is that exaggeration? Probably voice; they are in search of this mystery. not! It’s even an understatement of the situation.” If radio is breath, listeners are the ones hearing and “The perception that the radio broadcaster is right feeling the heartbeat of radio. there next to the listener, although in fact he/she Each station has its own audience. And listeners is invisible and talks without seeing or being seen, have their own favorite stations… And radio is looks surprising at first, but it is quite natural when always there for us. For some, it was there as early you think about the psychological effect of sound as in the womb of their mothers. For some, it was that stimulates multiple senses.” the company by the side of their cradles that led “Let it not be misunderstood, but radio uses sound them into sleep. Some people push the button as its core technology and every time it opens out of their tuners as soon as they step into their to a brand new world with you in the physical and cars. There are those trying to remain awake and spiritual sense. Keep your radio open to the world there are those trying to fall into a peaceful sleep and your world to the radio.” with the help of radio… While cooking, walking, Every bookshelf should include “Radio Must working, or doing nothing… Radio is always there. Survive”… What do you say? Wherever we are… It stops, walks, runs by our Radyo Olmalı (Radio Must Survive); Şenol Göka, Amber Türkmen, side… Radio is always there… Çağlan Tankur Yörümez, Orient Publishing House, 1st Publication, TRT Director General Şenol Göka, TRT Radio February 2012, 122 pages. Department Head Amber Türkmen and TRT Foreign Affairs Department Head Çağlan Tankur Yörümez are three managers seasoned for long years in the kitchen of radio broadcasting… Throughout their lives, radio has always been there. The book they penned together “Radio Must Survive” (Radyo Olmalı) is a project for which they merged their experiences, personal views and professional approaches. The book leans upon radio’s countless features as a story-teller, psychological supporter, unifying tool, loneliness healer, vessel for cultural diversity, developer of the mother tongue, and food for thought, while underlining its humble nature: Radio does not marginalize! Radio is one for all. Radio is indispensable for listeners for it brings words and music…

59 Kurtuluş Özyazıcı

Radio Films of the SILVER SCREEN Radio’s test against war GOOD MORNING VIETNAM

The US government’s Vietnam policy is probably one of the most debated issues by its own citizens. Although countless films have been made on this The US matter, people usually remember those against the war. Oliver Stone’s Born on the Fourth of July is a bold government’s critic of the American government. Milos Forman winks an eye to flower children with his movie Hair. Vietnam policy is Full Metal Jacket is Stanley Kubrick’s quite harsh, anti-militarist outcry. There is another film among probably one of hundreds of others that uses humor effectively and in doing so does not shy away from nakedly portraying the most debated the sad and merciless nature of war, and it portrays issues by its own this war through the eyes of a radio broadcaster: Good Morning Vietnam, 1987.

citizens. Although Gooood Morning Vietnam countless films The film opens with a pretty boring broadcast from a radio station. Trivial news is followed by low-tempo have been made music. The year is 1965. US troops have been in Vietnam for a while to take the control in the country. on this matter, A radio station has been launched to inform the troops about incidents around the world but the people usually news is censored and the playlist is made of soul- destroying melodies rather than Rock and Roll pieces remember those of the era that may lead soldiers to question their presence in that geography. Rather than galvanizing against the war. the troops radio intends to “narcotize” them. In this atmosphere we get to meet DJ Adrian Cronauer.

60 RADYOvizyon

While presenting the news in Crete, Cronauer boring and colorless weather in Vietnam. After is discovered by a commander in Vietnam by reporting the news he says: “Up next, we have the chance. The commander invites this “funny” man weather forecast, but no need to say it because to Vietnam, where the war gets more and more it’s just like yesterday. How else could it be?” The intense. In fact, Cronauer is a soldier and this is an commander warns him: “We can’t say the weather order but he tries to portray the situation as if it’s is colorless in here!” He even gives a hint: “Yesterday, his own choice. “Rather than the Cretans every one it was 2 degrees hotter.” However, Vietnam has a of whom looks like tyrants, Vietnam with minion tropical climate and temperatures are always the women” is a paradise for Cronauer. same -minus-plus few degrees. Stating this fact brings soldier listeners closer to the station. Boring At the radio, which is run in military discipline, tunes are replaced by popular songs of the time. Cronauer wants to implement his own style. In his Cronauer pulls in young soldiers to his show with very first broadcast, he opens by saying “Gooood Rock and Roll songs that stormed the whole world morning Vietnam” instead of addressing American at the time. When the commander takes him off troops, and this action proves that things are not the air, letters pour in demanding Cronauer back going to be the same. Beginning with politicians on air. Listeners expect sincerity from the radio and of the time, Cronauer sticks his needle to everyone Cronauer is one of the best to deliver. –famous or not. He throws boring records on the floor and plays Rock and Roll hits: “Gooood The film was adapted from a real-life story. A Disk morning Vietnam! This is not a test! This is Rock Jockey named Adrian Cronauer was a real person and Roll!” and served in Vietnam. He turned the monotone broadcast into a more entertaining show in his Initially, out-of-line actions of Cronauer get on the own style. However, it is said that the real Cronauer nerves of the commander in charge of the station. was not an anti-war person and that the movie The commander tries to get him on the line to portrayed a different Cronauer. The character in no avail. Cronauer is an idealist radio broadcaster. the movie criticizes the US government and talks He prefers unlimited humor to entertain people. about bombs exploding in the city, casualties and However, he begins to realize the naked truth meaningless nature of war instead of censored of life only when he walks outside the bubble news. Vietnam has turned into a bloodbath and presented on the radio. Most of the soldiers are music in the background is “What A Wonderful unhappy for being there. Vietnamese also do not World.” Radio deceives people and DJ Cronauer want Americans in their country. In his words, he is refuses to be a part of this game. a “wrong person at the wrong place, but maybe at the right time.” He thinks he might change things. We can say that Good Morning Vietnam is one He tries to boost the morale of soldiers. He makes of the most remarkable meetings of radio and Vietnamese friends and teaches them English. cinema. As someone, who entered the world of art However, it is war time and at war one cannot as a stand-up comedian, Robin Williams merges support both sides at the same time. the DJ and the stand-up comedian in the movie. This humorous style is backed by hit songs of the Robin Williams passed away in August 2014. Since time. Therefore, while watching the story of DJ the late 1970s, when he appeared in a TV series Cronauer we also listen to a good radio program. alien Mork, he has been known as a comedian. In the 1990s and 2000s we saw him in dramas, Good Morning Vietnam underlines how radio thrillers and crime movies as well but his comedian deceives people and how sincere it is at the same identity was always at the forefront. Good Morning time. Good Morning Vietnam is the confession Vietnam was without a doubt one of those movies that a radio broadcaster, who witnessed pain which amplified his identity. and sorrow on the streets, could not lie to thousands and millions listening when he is on the Listeners expect sincerity from the radio microphone. It could be an irony of fate that an Good Morning Vietnam is one of the movies that extremely emotional actor -Robin Williams acted portrays the warmness and sincerity of the radio... as Cronauer and could not hold on to life just like In his very first time on air Cronauer talks about emotional Cronauer.

61 TRT’S NEW MAGAZINE: BİR DÜNYA MÜZİK (A WORLD OF MUSIC)

Hakan Dilaver

P ioneering organization of radio-television “Bir Dünya Müzik” is prepared by a team led by broadcasting in Turkey, TRT brings color to the Radio Department Head and Music Department world of culture and arts with its magazines. Acting Head Amber Türkmen. TRT staff members from different departments and titles contribute Prepared by TRT Music Department, “Bir Dünya to the magazine with interviews, researches Müzik” (A World of Music) began its publishing life and articles. Especially, administrators and staff in August 2015. Set off with the slogan “All colors of members of Music Department and TRT radios music”, the magazine is set to bring a fresh breath support the magazine team as a source of to music magazine publishing in our country… information and natural advisors. “Bir Dünya Müzik” is published in the e-magazine “Bir Dünya Müzik” reaches a larger crowd by taking format every month and can be found at advantage of being an online magazine. www.trtmuzikdairesibaskanligi.com

As is the case in all other broadcasting branches of TRT, “Bir Dünya Müzik” aims at a large target audience with content to reflect Turkey’s plurality and four seasons of the country’s musical climate…

In the “Bir Dünya Müzik” magazine music genres varying from classical music to jazz, popular music to rock and roll, and from rap to blues are covered but Turkish Folk Music and Turkish Classical Music hold a special place.

Besides TRT artists, who are popular in Turkey, pages of the magazine are dedicated to warm interviews with musical people from inside and outside the country. Also readers can find news, concert and festival announcements, album critics, book reviews, voyage through the musical past, comments and articles in the rich content of the magazine.

From local to global, streets to concert halls, all colors of music and music of all colors meet the audiences in “Bir Dünya Müzik.”

62 Documentary of Radio Days 2015 Aynur Sadet

Documentary film of the “Radio Days” activity held between May 2-6 2015 has been completed. Serda Sayar directed, Tevfik Öber used the camera, Canan Dila wrote the script and Berrak Ataşen presented.

The gigantic tent set up over 750 m2 space at Beşiktaş Pier was filmed from the minaret of the mosque at the square, which also offers the best view of the pier and the Bosphorus. Preparation of the event space was shrunk down to 7 minutes with time-lapse photography that took 6 exhausting hours of work on top of the minaret.

Filming began before the event and continued throughout the activity. Gala night, concerts, activities in the daytime and at nighttime were filmed by almost all members of İstanbul Television camera crew with meticulous and self-sacrificing effort.

“Radio Days” event was enlivened by the high attendance of the audience. One of them -a 90 year- old woman listener said to the microphone “I have no one left in my life, I don’t even have a cat but I have my radio.” She lost 80% of her sight and came from Bakırköy to Beşiktaş for “Radio Days”… It’s clear that she was captivated by the magic of voice…

A Radio Program of Superlatives- first of its kind in the world Erhan Konuk

TRT Directorate General has launched a project on the 88th anniversary of radio broadcasting in our country. A Radio Program of Superlatives (RPS) launched under the guidance of TRT Director General Şenol Göka and Head of TRT Radio Department Amber Türkmen is simultaneously broadcast live from three different cities. RPS is on air on TRT FM every Thursday from 19.00 to 21.00 hrs. and meets listeners with three radio broadcasters and a moderator.

Erhan Konuk (İzmir), Bay J and Erkan Yavaş (Moderator/İstanbul) and Muzo (Ankara) are hundreds of kilometers far away from one another but it is as if they broadcast from the same TRT FM studio. Besides these three cities, producers broadcast twice from Mersin-Diyarbakır-Erzurum and Trabzon- Antalya-İstanbul (TRT Regional Radio Stations) in May 2015.

RPS is a challenging radio program with its interactive structure based on a conversation between three radio broadcasters and a moderator on a topic and choice of songs. The program that includes difficulties in the technical sense was broadcast from Baku (Azerbaijan), Berlin (Germany) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo) as 3B for short on March 19, 2015. RPS that extended to three countries from three cities shortly was on air from three different continents on June 25, 2015. Broadcasts from Asia (Bangladesh-Dhaka), Australia (Melbourne) and the U.S. (New York) were extremely successful.

RPS is planned to be broadcast from three oceans (Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans) in October 2015. An official application has been filed for the program to be included in Guinness World Records. A Radio Program of Superlatives will soon surprise listeners with initiatives from different geographical areas that will attract world media attention.

63 Şirin Sümer

I f you were a bird... A migratory bird... If you came from poems, sounds and souls as Ahmet Hamdi said... It is as faraway lands... If you embarked on a journey to discover if the German thinker Goethe attributed his statement Anatolia... If you lived in these fertile lands where Asia “Architecture is frozen music” to Sinan the architect’s and Europe meet... If you caught your breath in Turkey awe-inspiring works. Dear reader, you will understand and breathed in Turkey! If you folded your wings to rest what he meant while visiting the interior of the here, in the bosom of this ancient city... Süleymaniye Mosque. If you were a bird... A bird in fairy tales... If you flew from Naturally, İstanbul is indeed most synonymous with the present to old times... A breath or sound from all Ottomans but being an Ottoman does not solely mean times continues to exist somewhere here... If you were Turkish. Being an Ottoman also means including the a bird... A bird in fairy tales... If you looked for your voice other one, melting, without eradicating, the other one in old streets where the past and the present embrace within yourself and bringing into existence. one another... Therefore İstanbul is both Süleymaniye and Hagia Every city has a sound and you know this best dear Sophia... It is the German Fountain, the Obelisk of reader... Every city has a breath, poem and song... Theodosius and the Topkapı Palace... İstanbul is both the İstanbul has a sound too. How can I tell you about call to prayer and bells... It is a church and synagogue... İstanbul’s sounds sensitive reader? Roosters still crow in some of its neighborhoods and Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, a prominent Turkish writer and travelers who tell stories roam the streets. You know the call to prayer five times a day; muezzins recite the call to thinker, heard that sound while looking at mosques prayer in a different mode every time... rising above İstanbul’s skyline and said: “İstanbul, with its domes and minarets is like musical notes blown from İstanbul is both the East and the West.... It is a symbol the heart”...You too can hear that sound in Süleymaniye of convergence, crossroads, togetherness and holding ... As you raise your head and look at the dome you hands... It is an enchanting city that blends the past and revolve around the sun along with earth... As you revolve future...Light and sounds reflect this enchantment the that song plays in your heart... As the music plays, you most... continue to revolve... You feel unity in multitude and Naturally, İstanbul has changed but the light in old multitude in unity... paintings and engravings still shines and voices echo Renowned Turkish poet Orhan Veli closed his eyes and on its streets... This is the music that rises from blurriness expressed sounds that he heard: of the past, giving someone the creeps and conquering hearts from the beautiful silhouette of İstanbul... I am listening to İstanbul, my eyes closed; Not only the city where you were born but also sounds Then suddenly birds fly, of a city where you were a guest become part of your Flocks of birds, high up, with a hue and cry, soul dear reader! İstanbul, a city where the first lullabies While the nets are drawn in the fishing grounds in the history of mankind were sung; a city which is the And a woman’s feet begin to dabble in water, common heritage of mankind and the apple of the world’s eye... Although you were not born here, the city I am listening to İstanbul, my eyes closed. embraces your voice too... İstanbul is a world city and İstanbul... İstanbul... the home of the whole world... Rising like a work of art İstanbul is the city of Sinan the architect who wrote a in a unique geographical area, this city is your home... eulogy of the matter, that is to say the stone inspiring Light spreading and music rising from the city will by the sun... Architecture as art hides within itself always be with you wherever you are! [email protected]

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R A D Y O QUARTERLY RADIO MAGAZINE / OCTOBER 2015 / 4 V HAVE YOU EVER READ RADIO? İ Z Y O N

FILE: The Role of Radıo ın Asıa-Pacıfıc RADIO IS EMOTIONAL ~ ŞENOL GÖKA EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF RADIO IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION ~ JAWHAR SIRCAR THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZING THE 52ND ABU GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN İSTANBUL ~ DR. JAVAD MOTTAGHI NATURAL DISASTERS AND RADIO ~ AKINORI HASHIMOTO OVERVIEW OF THE ABU PRIZES-RADIO CATEGORY ~ TATSUHIRO BENIKO THE RELEVANCE OF RADIO CONTENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE ~ NEDRA WEERASINGHE RADIO AND NEW TECHNOLOGY ~ STEVE AHERN COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT BROADCASTING SERVICE IN HONG KONG ~ TAI KEEN-MAN • JACE AU LAI-NGAR ABU: A COMMON BROADCASTING VOICE FOR ASIA-PACIFIC ~ S. NANDA ARMOOGUM COMMUNITY RADIO: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE ~ ALL INDIA RADIO (AIR)

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