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Da Suez Ad Aleppo La serie Atti e Documenti della “Storia d’Europa” intende comple- Storia d'Europa 13 tare la collana di monografie dei “Chioschi Gialli” con la pubblica- Il 26 gennaio 1915 alcuni reparti della quarta armata ottomana, comandati dal generale tedesco Kress von Kressenstein, attaccarono il canale di Suez. Iniziava la Grande Guerra zione con fini didattici e di ricerca (dottorale e post-dottorale) di documentazione d’archivio e contributi di approfondimento delle 1. Antonello Folco Biagini, L’Italia e le guerre balcaniche, 2012 anche in quello strategico scacchiere. In un primo momento gli Alleati organizzarono una difesa passiva del canale, limitata al respingimento degli attacchi nemici ma dopo la fine differenti discipline incluse negli studi sulla Storia d’Europa, in Antonello Battaglia 2. Andrea Carteny, La Legione Ungherese contro il Brigantaggio, vol. I, della fallimentare campagna di Gallipoli, per la quale l’Egitto era stato una base di italiano e in inglese. 2012 fondamentale importanza, la difesa di quel settore divenne attiva. Nell’agosto del 1916, infatti, le forze Alleate si lanciarono al contrattacco, sbaragliarono le forze turco-tedesche 3. Daniel Pommier Vincelli, Andrea Carteny, La Repubblica Democratica in Sinai e giunsero alle porte della Palestina. Nella tarda primavera del 1917, arrivò a Rafah dell’Azerbaigian, 2012 il Distaccamento Italiano composto di trecento bersaglieri e un centinaio di carabinieri 4. Giuseppe Motta, The Italian Military Governorship in South Tyrol reali. Gli uomini, guidati dal maggiore D’Agostino, presero parte alla terza battaglia di and the Rise of Fascism, 2012 Gaza, difesero valorosamente il settore di Khan Yunis ed entrarono, a seguito del generale britannico Allenby, trionfalmente a Gerusalemme. Dal 1918 furono impiegati nelle retrovie 5. Daniel Pommier Vincelli, Andrea Carteny, L’Azerbaigian nei in servizi di polizia, vigilanza dei depositi, presidio degli snodi ferroviari, smistamento e documenti diplomatici italiani (1919-1920), 2013 sorveglianza dei prigionieri. 6. Alberto Becherelli, Andrea Carteny, L’Albania indipendente e le Contestualmente agli eventi bellici, un’intensa attività diplomatica fece da sfondo all’azione del distaccamento. La vexata quaestio, alimentata dall’acceso spirito di Direttore Scientifico relazioni italo-albanesi (1912-2012), 2013 competizione italiano nei confronti della Francia, riguardava l’ostinata volontà di Roma di Giovanna Motta, Sapienza Università di Roma 7. María Nogués Bruno, La Spagna dell'età moderna e l’auto sacramentale, tutelare i propri interessi in Palestina sostenendo la fine del protettorato transalpino in 2013 Terra Santa. Di contro, l’evidente ostracismo anglo-francese dovuto all’accordo segreto Sykes-Picot che, già nel maggio 1916, aveva decretato la spartizione di quella regione. 8. Giuseppe Motta, Le Guerre Balcaniche e la fine del “Secolo Lungo”, Comitato Scientifico 2013 Francesco Benvenuti, Università di Bologna Antonello Battaglia svolge attività di ricerca presso il dip.to di Studi Giuridici, Filosofici Péter Sárközy, Sapienza Università di Roma 9. Martina Bitunjac, Le donne e il movimento ustascia, 2013 Da Suez ad Aleppo ed economici, di Sapienza, Università di Roma e insegna Storia delle Relazioni Gaetano Platania, Università degli Studi della Tuscia 10. Alberto Becherelli, Serbia e crisi balcanica (1908-13), 2015 Internazionali al dip.to di Studi europei, americani e interculturali dello stesso ateneo. È László Pete, Università di Debrecen (Ungheria) consulente storico dello Stato Maggiore della Difesa presso cui è referente dei giovani 11. Antonello Battaglia, Separatismo siciliano, 2015 Corneliu Sigmirean, Università “Petru Maior”, Targu Mures (Romania) ricercatori italiani di storia militare. Collabora con l’Archivio dell’Ufficio Storico dello Altay Goyushov, Baku State University (Azerbaigian) 12. Roberto Sciarrone, L’impero ottomano e la Grande Guerra, 2015 Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito, «Rivista Militare» e «Limes». È membro della Società Italiana di Storia Militare e del comitato di Roma dell’Istituto per lo Studio della Storia del Ivo Goldstein, Università di Zagabria (Croazia) Risorgimento Italiano. Nevin Ozkan, Università di Ankara (Turchia) Autore di vari articoli e saggi in riviste italiane e internazionali. Tra le monografie: L’Italia József Pál, Università di Szeged (Ungheria) senza Roma, Roma 2015; Separatismo siciliano. I documenti militari, Roma 2015; Viaggio Stanisław Sierpowski, Università di Varsavia (Polonia) nell’Europa dell’est. Dalla Serbia al Levante ottomano, Roma 2014; Sicilia contesa. Separatismo, Antonello Battaglia guerra e mafia, Roma 2014; La capitale contesa. Firenze, Roma e la Convenzione di Settembre (1864), Roma 2013; I rapporti italo-francesi e le linee d’invasione transalpina (1859-1881), Roma 2012; Il Risorgimento sul mare. La campagna navale del 1860-1861, Roma 2012. Da Suez ad Aleppo La campagna Alleata e il Distaccamento italiano in Siria e Palestina (1917-1921) In copertina: Sootenente Scarpocchi Carlo in Palestina – onte unico alleato. In divisa con cappello a larghe falde da esploratore con mostrine del Genio ma erano fanti. ISSN 2282-6319 Anno V, n. 13 - 2015 9788868125608_336_LM_2 SEGUICI SUI SOCIAL NETWORK La collana si avvale della procedura di valutazione 26.00 EURO nuovacultura.it e accettazione double blind peer review. Antonello Battaglia DA SUEZ AD ALEPPO. LA CAMPAGNA ALLEATA E IL DISTACCAMENTO ITALIANO IN SIRIA E PALESTINA (1917-1921) Edizioni Nuova Cultura Collana Storia d’Europa Direttore scientifico, Giovanna Motta, Sapienza Università di Roma La collana adotta un sistema di valutazione dei testi Basato sulla revisione paritaria e anonima (peer-review). Copyright © 2015 Edizioni Nuova Cultura - Roma ISBN: 9788868125608 DOI: 10.4458/5608 Redazione: Andrea Carteny (segreteria), Alberto Becherelli, Martina Bitunjac, Elena Dumitru, Fabio Libero Grassi, Giuseppe Motta, Maria Nogués Bruno, Daniel Pommier Vincelli, Alessandro Vagnini. In copertina: Sottotenente Scarpocchi Carlo in Palestina – fronte unico alleato. In divisa con cappello a larghe falde da esploratore con mostrine del Genio ma erano fanti. Su concessione dello SME – Ufficio Storico – Archivio fotografico, foto n. 1113, autorizzazione del 04/09/2015. È vietata la riproduzione non autorizzata, anche parziale, realizzata con qualsiasi mezzo, compresa la fotocopia, anche ad uso interno o didattico. Collana storia d’Europa Con la Collana “Storia d’Europa – History of Europe” si integra la serie di volumi dei “Chioschi Gialli” con la pubblicazione – a fini didattici e di ricerca dottorale e post-dottorale – di documentazione d’archivio e contributi di approfondimento delle differenti discipline incluse negli studi sulla Storia d’Europa, in italiano e in inglese. Sulla base dell’attività svolta nell’ambito del medesimo dottorato di ricerca della Sapienza Università di Roma, sono edite in questa collana pubblicazioni relative ad Atti di convegno e Documenti d’archivio, Quaderni di dottorato, Monografie e ricerche scientifiche in seguito a un doppio referaggio anonimo certificato presso l’editore. Il Comitato scientifico A mia moglie Indice Prefazione ................................................................................................... 11 Introduzione. Dal canale di Suez all’egemonia britannica ........................................... 21 Lo scoppio del conflitto ............................................................................ 31 L’attacco al Canale ..................................................................................... 41 Egitto e Mediterranean Expeditionary Force .............................................. 55 La seconda offensiva ................................................................................. 67 El Arish ....................................................................................................... 83 L’avanzata nella Palestina meridionale .................................................. 91 Gaza ............................................................................................................. 97 L’arrivo del contingente italiano ........................................................... 111 L’offensiva su Beersheba e Gaza ........................................................... 143 Gerusalemme ........................................................................................... 157 L’affaire Picot ............................................................................................ 189 10 Indice La Compagnia Cacciatori di Palestina .................................................. 207 La ripresa delle operazioni militari ....................................................... 223 La seconda offensiva in Transgiordania .............................................. 237 Megiddo e il terzo attacco ...................................................................... 243 Damasco e Aleppo ................................................................................... 265 Conclusioni. Lo scioglimento................................................................. 289 Appendice n.1 .......................................................................................... 303 Appendice n.2 .......................................................................................... 309 Appendice n.3 .......................................................................................... 311 Nota archivistica ...................................................................................... 313 Bibliografia
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