Oil Shale Occurrences in Israel Geological Updated Information - 2013
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Oil Shale Occurrences in Israel Geological Updated Information - 2013 Technion – Israel Institute of Technology September 2013 אודות מוסד שמואל נאמן מוסד שמואל נאמן הוקם בטכניון בשנת 8791 ביוזמת מר שמואל )סם( נאמן והוא פועל להטמעת חזונו לקידומה המדעי-טכנולוגי, כלכלי וחברתי של מדינת ישראל. מוסד שמואל נאמן הוא מכון מחקר המתמקד בהתווית מדיניות לאומית בנושאי מדע וטכנולוגיה, תעשייה, חינוך והשכלה גבוהה, תשתיות פיסיות, סביבה ואנרגיה ובנושאים נוספים בעלי חשיבות לחוסנה הלאומי של ישראל בהם המוסד תורם תרומה ייחודית. במוסד מבוצעים מחקרי מדיניות וסקירות, שמסקנותיהם והמלצותיהם משמשים את מקבלי ההחלטות במשק על רבדיו השונים. מחקרי המדיניות נעשים בידי צוותים נבחרים מהאקדמיה, מהטכניון ומוסדות אחרים ומהתעשייה. לצוותים נבחרים האנשים המתאימים, בעלי כישורים והישגים מוכרים במקצועם. במקרים רבים העבודה נעשית תוך שיתוף פעולה עם משרדים ממשלתיים ובמקרים אחרים היוזמה באה ממוסד שמואל נאמן וללא שיתוף ישיר של משרד ממשלתי. בנושאי התוויית מדיניות לאומית שעניינה מדע, טכנולוגיה והשכלה גבוהה נחשב מוסד שמואל נאמן כמוסד למחקרי מדיניות המוביל בישראל. עד כה ביצע מוסד שמואל נאמן מאות מחקרי מדיניות וסקירות המשמשים מקבלי החלטות ואנשי מקצוע במשק ובממשל. סקירת הפרויקטים השונים שבוצעו במוסד מוצגת באתר האינטרנט של המוסד. בנוסף מסייע מוסד שמואל נאמן בפרויקטים לאומיים דוגמת המאגדים של משרד התמ"ס - מגנ"ט בתחומים: ננוטכנולוגיות, תקשורת, אופטיקה, רפואה, כימיה, אנרגיה, איכות סביבה ופרויקטים אחרים בעלי חשיבות חברתית לאומית. מוסד שמואל נאמן מארגן גם ימי עיון מקיפים בתחומי העניין אותם הוא מוביל. יו"ר מוסד שמואל נאמן הוא פרופ' זאב תדמור וכמנכ"ל מכהן פרופ' עמרי רנד. כתובת המוסד: מוסד שמואל נאמן, קרית הטכניון, חיפה 00333 טלפון: 30-1070007, פקס : 30-1803090 כתובת דוא"ל: [email protected] כתובת אתר האינטרנט: www.neaman.org.il Oil Shale Occurrences in Israel Geological Updated Information - 2013 Tsevi Minster September 2013 ___________________________________________________________________ No part of this publication is to be reproduced without written and in advance permission from the Samuel Neaman Institute, except for quoting short passages in review articles and similar publications with explicit reference to the source. The opinions and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors .and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Samuel Neaman Institute The following summary, that presents information and evaluation on the Oil Shale Deposits and Occurrences of Israel, is a modified version of a report in Hebrew by Dr Tsevi Minster. [email protected] The original Hebrew report was published in the Geological Survey of Israel (GSI) as an open-file report number GSI/18/2009. It appeared in Jerusalem on July 2009. The current English version includes minor corrections and updates over the original 2009 Hebrew report. It should be emphasize that the report reflects many years of research and studies in the GSI, part of which in association with several companies and institutions. Considerable efforts and budgets were involved in obtaining the raw data and conducting its assessment. Cover Picture: The Havarbar oil shale mine, Mishor Rotem, as observed from the west (September 2012). Contents Introduction 1 Descriptions of main oil shale occurrences in Israel 5 1) Nabi-Musa 5 2) En-Bokek 7 3) Mishor Rotem 8 4) Mishor Yamin 14 5) Oron North 15 6) Oron South 17 7) Nahal Zin 18 8) Nahash-Zameh 20 9) Biq'at Zin 21 10) Sde-Boker - Avedat 23 11) Nevatim 25 12) Yeroham 26 13) Zavo'a 27 14) Shivta 28 15) Mash’abim 29 Arava Oil Shale Occurrences 31 16) Gidron 31 17) Shahak 32 18) Shilhav - Omer 32 19) Har Nishpe – Ha’Meshar 32 20) Paran (Zihor) 34 21) Nahal Hiyyon (Zenifim) 35 The Foothills - Coastal Plain Oil Shale Occurrences 36 22) Ha’Shefela 36 23) Hadera (Sharon & Ramot Menashe) 41 Oil Shale Occurrences in Northern Israel 44 24) Emek Zevulun 44 25) Arbel 45 26) Southern Ramat-Ha’Golan 47 Remarks on the information presented in Table 4 48 Selected References 50 Appendix – Data on Technological Parameters characterizing Oil Shale from Israel 56 Organic Carbon (TOC) 56 Technological parameters 58 Oil Yield (Fischer Essay) 58 Calorific Value (CV) 60 Acknowledgements 62 Photographs 63-67 List of figures Fig. 1. A general geological section of the geological sequence in southern Israel that contains the 3 organic matter enriched sequences. (Minster & Shirav, 1985) Fig. 2. A correlation chart demonstrating the Upper Cretaceous successions in various regions 4 of Israel (Reiss, 1988) Fig. 3. Geological map of the Nabi-Musa oil shale field. Locations of some of 1972 boreholes 6 are shown (from Shirav, 1976) Fig. 4. Columnar section (by L. Picard, 1924),Nabi-Musa oil shale occurrence. Organic 7 matter enriched beds are described under the phosphates Fig. 5. Approximate boundaries of En-Bokek oil shale occurrence 8 Fig. 6. Approx. extension, Mishor Rotem Oil Shale Deposit displayed on ortho-photo 9 background. Some additional sites in the area are shown Fig. 7. Vertical logs of organic matter content in 2 boreholes in Mishor Rotem: Bit-78 & Bit-263 11 Fig. 8. Vertical log [organic matter content] of Bit-102 borehole 11 Fig. 9. Configuration of the Havarbar oil shale mine, as recorded in 2008/9 12 Fig. 10. Map showing Overburden to Oil Shale (Ghareb Fm) ratio (Stripping Ratio) in the 12 MROSD, based on data from ~260 boreholes Fig. 11. Isopakh map of the Oil Shale unit (Ghareb Fm) in the MROSD 13 Fig. 12. Aproximate boundaries of the oil shale deposit in Mishor Yamin 14 Fig. 13. Vertical log, organic material content, Bit-57 borehole, Mishor Yamin 15 Fig. 14. Approximate boundaries of the oil shale deposit in Oron North 16 Fig. 15. Organic matter content, OM-15 borehole, Oron North oil shale deposit 16 Fig. 16. Approx. boundaries, Oron South oil shale occurrence 17 Fig. 17. Locations of oil shale occurrences along the Nahal Zin syncline 18 Fig. 18. Vertical log, organic matter content, ZS-28 borehole, Saraf, Nahal Zin 19 Fig. 19. Approx. boundaries, the oil shale occurrences of Nahash Zameh 20 Fig. 20. Location & approx.. boundaries of Biq'at Zin oil shale occurrence 21 Fig. 21. Vertical logs (organic matter content) 2 boreholes from Biq'at Zin 22 Fig. 22. Location & approx. boundaries, oil shale field of Sde-Boker -Avedat 23 Fig. 23. Logs (of EOM content) of 2 boreholes, Sde-Boker – Avedat oil shale field 24 Fig. 24. Location & approx. boundaries, oil shale occurrence of Nevatim 25 Fig. 25. Vertical logs (of EOM content) of 2 boreholes, Nevatim oil shale occurrence 26 Fig. 26. Location & approx. boundaries, oil shale fields of Yeroham & Zavo’a 27 Fig. 27. Location & approx. boundaries, the oil shale occurrence of Shivta 28 Fig. 28. Location & approx. boundaries, proposed oil shale field of Mash’abim. 30 Boreholes penetrated oil shale shown in red. Each square represents 5 x 5 km Fig. 29. Location & approx. boundaries, oil shale fields of Gidron & Shahak 31 Fig. 30. Location & approx. boundaries, oil shale field of Shilhav - Omer 33 Fig. 31 Location & approx. boundaries, oil shale occurrences of Har Nishpe & Ha’Meshar 33 Fig. 32. Location & approx. boundaries, oil shale field of Paran (Zihor) 34 Fig. 33. Location & approx. boundaries, oil shale field of Zenifim (N. Hiyyon) 35 Fig. 34. Location & approx. boundaries, the oil shale occurrence of Ha’Shefela 37 Fig. 35. Lithology & organic matter content logs in 2 boreholes, Bet-Shemesh locality, 39 oil shale basin of Ha’Shefela Fig. 36. Oil shale thickness map of part of the Ha’Shefela Basin; Oil Yield values distribution 40 In a selected borehole (Courtesy of IEI) Fig. 37. Location & approx. boundaries, oil shale occurrence of Hadera-East (Sharon) 41 Fig. 38. Proposed updated boundaries, oil shale occurrences of Sharon & Ramot Menashe 43 Fig. 39. Location & approx. boundaries, oil shale occurrence of Emek-Zevulun 44 Fig. 40. Location & approx. boundaries, oil shale occurrence of Arbel 45 Fig. 41. Organic matter distribution log, Arbel-1 borehole, oil shale occurrence of Arbel 46 Fig. 42. Southern Ramat Ha’Golan oil shale basin - outcrop & water boreholes 47 Fig. 43. Oil shale deposits and occurrences in Israel - summary map 50 Fig. 44. Correlation between Organic Carbon (TOC) & “Organic Matter”, GSI lab results 58 [Nathan et al. (1983) ] Fig. 45. Correlation between TOC & EOM results (91 samples, Ghareb Fm, Mishor Rotem). 58 Corr. Coef. = ~ 0.9 Fig. 46. Correlation chart between OY & EOM results (846 samples, Ghareb Fm). US units 60 (G/T) added Fig. 47. OY vs. EOM (129 samples, Mishash Fm., Mishor Rotem & Mishor Yamin) 61 Fig. 48. Correlation between CV & EOM [1052 samples (Ghareb Fm, 62 Mishor Rotem & Mishor Yamin) ] List of tables Table 1. Average contents (%) of major chemical constituents in various oil shale samples 4 from Israel Table 2. Results of “old” (mid-19th century) analyses of samples from the Nabi-Musa 5 oil shale occurrence Table 3. Data on boreholes that penetrated oil shale succession in the Ha’Shefela Basin 36 Table 4: Oil Shale in Israel – Summary of the data presented in the report 44 Introduction: In most rocks in Israel that are termed oil shale, the main inorganic constituent is carbonate - namely chalks, marly chalks and chalky marls. Those domestic rocks are sometimes called 'bituminous' (e.g., bituminous chalks), though only small portion of the organic matter in the rock belongs to the organic group termed bitumen. Sedimentary rocks that contain anomalous values of organic material are found in some intervals along the sedimentary sequence of Israel and adjacent countries. It is assumed that economical potential is limited only to the Upper Cretaceous sequence of the Mount Scopus Group, representing ages of Santonian to Paleocene, and especially the Mishash and the Ghareb formations (age: Campanian – Maastrichtian) within this sequence. The sequence enriched in organic material of the Mount Scopus Group represents the global anoxic event that is dated to the Upper Cretaceous time.