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Draft National Recovery Plan for the Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula Australis

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Draft National Recovery Plan for the Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula Australis Draft National Recovery Plan for the Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis 1 The Species Profile and Threats Database pages linked to this recovery plan is obtainable from: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl Image credit: Two Australian Painted Snipe (Rostratula australis) feeding on Hope Island, Queensland © Graeme Chapman. © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2019. The National Recovery Plan for the Australian Painted Snipe (Rostratula australis) is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This report should be attributed as ‘National Recovery Plan for the Australian Painted Snipe (Rostratula australis), Commonwealth of Australia 2019’. The Commonwealth of Australia has made all reasonable efforts to identify content supplied by third parties using the following format ‘© Copyright, [name of third party] ’. Disclaimer While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. 2 CONTENTS SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Conservation Status ................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Taxonomy ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Species description ................................................................................................................. 8 2.4 Species distribution in Australia ............................................................................................... 8 2.5 Population trends .................................................................................................................. 10 2.6 Ecology ................................................................................................................................. 11 2.7 Habitat critical to the survival of the Australian Painted Snipe................................................ 13 THREATS ....................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Historical causes of decline ................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Current threatening processes .............................................................................................. 15 3.2.1 Changes to water regimes and structural changes to wetlands ....................................... 15 3.2.2 Drainage of wetlands and fragmentation of waterways ................................................... 16 3.2.3 Deterioration of water quality .......................................................................................... 16 3.2.4 Invasive plants ................................................................................................................ 17 3.2.5 Climate variability and change ........................................................................................ 17 3.2.6 Livestock overgrazing ..................................................................................................... 18 3.2.7 Invasive animals ............................................................................................................. 18 3.2.8 Human disturbance ......................................................................................................... 18 3.2.9 Fire ................................................................................................................................. 18 3.2.10 Low genetic diversity ..................................................................................................... 19 3.2.11 Threat prioritisation ....................................................................................................... 19 RECOVERY PLAN VISION, OBJECTIVES, AND STRATEGIES................................................... 22 ACTIONS TO ACHIEVE THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ................................................................ 22 Strategy 1 - Manage and protect known Australian Painted Snipe breeding habitats at the landscape scale ....................................................................................................................... 24 Strategy 2 - Develop and apply techniques to measure changes in population trajectory in order to measure the success of recovery actions ............................................................................ 27 Strategy 3 - Reduce, or eliminate threats at breeding and non-breeding habitats .................... 28 Strategy 4 - Improve knowledge of the habitat requirements, biology and behaviour of Australian Painted Snipe .......................................................................................................... 30 Strategy 5 - Engage community stakeholders to improve awareness of the conservation of Australian Painted Snipe .......................................................................................................... 32 3 Strategy 6 - Coordinate, review and report on recovery process .............................................. 33 DURATION AND COST OF THE RECOVERY PROCESS ............................................................ 34 EFFECTS ON OTHER NATIVE SPECIES AND BIODIVERSITY BENEFITS ................................ 35 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................ 35 AFFECTED INTERESTS ................................................................................................................ 36 CONSULTATION ........................................................................................................................... 38 ORGANISATIONS/PERSONS INVOLVED IN EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PLAN .............................................................................................................................................. 38 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 40 4 SUMMARY Australian Painted Snipe (Rostratula australis) Family: Rostratulidae Current status of taxon: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth): Endangered Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Qld): Vulnerable Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (NSW): Endangered Nature Conservation Act 2014 (ACT): Endangered Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (Vic): Threatened National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (SA): Vulnerable Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (WA): Endangered Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2000 (NT): Vulnerable IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Endangered Distribution and habitats: The Australian Painted Snipe has a historical distribution through most of Australia including some desert regions, but the Murray-Darling Basin, particularly the Riverina region of Victoria and New South Wales, appears to have been a stronghold for the species (Blakers et al. 1984). Smaller historical and/or present concentrations include the Channel Country in Queensland and South Australia, the Capricornia coast of central Queensland, and south-eastern South Australia (along with adjacent parts of Victoria) and increased observer effort has yielded an increase in records from Australia’s savannah regions in recent decades (Leach et al. 1987; Lane and Rogers 2000; Rogers et al. 2005). Breeding records exist, many from the last two decades, across the range of occurrence including some from wetlands far beyond the Murray-Darling Basin (many records in coastal Queensland; some from the Lake Eyre Basin, Barkly Tableland and north- western Australia). The Australian Painted Snipe has also been recorded once in Tasmania (single specimen) and once in New Zealand (one confirmed and one possible record) (Marchant and Higgins 1993). Due to the highly secretive behaviour and concealing habitats commonly used, the specific habitat requirements of the Australian Painted Snipe are much less well known than for most other Australian waterbirds. The species typically inhabits shallow freshwater and brackish wetlands, especially where inundation is temporary but also permanent wetlands with shallow zones. Swamps and claypans are favoured wetland types but inundated or waterlogged grassland or saltmarsh, dams, rice crops, sewage farms and bore drains also may be used. In the inland and north, gilgai wetland surfaces are favoured, especially for nest sites. Dominant vegetation in occupied wetlands may include one of more of these elements: grass (e.g. canegrass Eragrostis australasica), sedge, and nardoo (Marsilea), in sward or tussock form; clumps of rushes or reeds; samphire
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