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GALWAY’S HERITAGE OIDHREACHT NA GAILLIMHE Vol 40 | 2018 | Uimhir 40 PROOF PLEASEPLEASE CONFIRM CONFIRMBEEN THAT GIVEN YOUALL ARTWORKMAY UNDERSTAND RESULT RELATED IN THAT EXTRA TOISUPPLY FEES THIS AND/OR PROJECT / ID3 WILL DELAYS HAS NOT BEEN INACCEPT COMPLETION REVIEWED RESPONSIBILITY AND OF APPROVEDMY WORK. FOR ERRORS IN DESIGN AFTER THIS POINT. I ACKNOWLEDGE THAT CHANGES MADE AFTER APPROVAL HAVE GALWAY’S HERITAGE - OIDHREACHT NA GAILLIMHE Table of Contents Editorial . 1 Introduction to Seabed Mapping & Heritage . .2 An Archival Resource: The Galway Port Sanitary Authority Minutes . 8. Merlin Park Woods Heritage Conservation and Woodland Coppicing Project . 10. Reviving an Ancient tradition in Stone Sculpture . 19. Remembering Quay Lane: A tremendous place to live . 20 Quay Street Quay Lane Archaeological Finds Analysis . 24 Palaeoenvironmental Research at Quay Lane. 25 Irish Post Medieval Archaeology Group Conference held in Galway . 26 Book Reviews . .27 PROOF PLEASEPLEASE CONFIRM CONFIRMBEEN THAT GIVEN YOUALL ARTWORKMAY UNDERSTAND RESULT RELATED IN THAT EXTRA TOISUPPLY FEES THIS AND/OR PROJECT / ID3 WILL DELAYS HAS NOT BEEN INACCEPT COMPLETION REVIEWED RESPONSIBILITY AND OF APPROVEDMY WORK. FOR ERRORS IN DESIGN AFTER THIS POINT. I ACKNOWLEDGE THAT CHANGES MADE AFTER APPROVAL HAVE 1 Editorial - A thriving local History scene, read all about it This year’s crop of books about Galway’s Heritage and history has included some wonderful publications some of which will be revealed in the 2019 volume of this publication. The state of publication on Galway is very healthy and new authors continue to expand the horizons of historical research “Salthill a History” by Paul McGinley is the first in a multi-volume set on the history of historical research and production values and is excellent value at €30. Two smaller publications “Devon Park where it all Began” and Norbert Sheeran’s “A Georgian Memory A brief History of Merlin Park House and Estate” were both just “hot of the press” at the time of writing and both cram an enormous amount of research, good information and value between their covers. They are excellent value also at €15 and €10 respectively. Both publication, like the Salthill volume have brought their subject matter to life and have brought out the humanity, character and life of the places which they describe. They are indeed what amounts to an evocative record of people, times and places. Those readers who have not yet added Christy’s Kelly’s “Bushypark Our People - Our Place A Parish History”. Still have an opportunity to do so. Now two years in print this excellent volume is, like allPROOF the wonderful publications cited above still available (at an excellent price of €20) in all goodPLEASE bookshops.PLEASE CONFIRM CONFIRMBEEN THAT GIVEN YOUALL ARTWORKMAY UNDERSTAND RESULT RELATED IN THAT EXTRA TOISUPPLY FEES THIS AND/OR PROJECT / ID3 WILL DELAYS HAS NOT BEEN INACCEPT COMPLETION REVIEWED RESPONSIBILITY AND OF APPROVEDMY WORK. FOR ERRORS IN DESIGN AFTER THIS POINT. I ACKNOWLEDGE THAT CHANGES MADE AFTER APPROVAL HAVE Enjoy reading! Dr. Jim Higgins Heritage Officer 1 GALWAY’S HERITAGE - OIDHREACHT NA GAILLIMHE Introduction to Seabed Mapping & Heritage Some West Coast Examples Eimear O’Keeffe, Marine Institute Ireland has a rich and proud heritage in the fields of An area of seabed approximately ten times the size cartography and hydrography. Between 1829 and of Ireland has been mapped by INFOMAR over the 1842, the Ordnance Survey Ireland completed the last twenty years using research vessels equipped first ever large-scale survey of an entire country. with sonar technology. The acoustic imagery Acclaimed for their accuracy, these maps are acquired at depths of up to 5000 m reveal a myriad regarded by cartographers as amongst the finest of dramatic seabed features. Far from being flat, ever produced. The long history of the charting the topography of the seafloor comprises deep of the waters off the coast of Ireland began in canyons, rugged reefs, towering seamounts and the 16th century and this tradition may be said to ever-shifting sand waves (Figure 1.). All these be culminating with the current National Seabed features can be viewed for the first time in high Mapping programme – INFOMAR. The project is resolution and have provided marine scientists with jointly managed by the Geological Survey of Ireland a wealth of knowledge to support many sectors: and the Marine Institute. fisheries, weather forecasting, offshore renewable energy, conservation and navigation. PROOF PLEASEPLEASE CONFIRM CONFIRMBEEN THAT GIVEN YOUALL ARTWORKMAY UNDERSTAND RESULT RELATED IN THAT EXTRA TOISUPPLY FEES THIS AND/OR PROJECT / ID3 WILL DELAYS HAS NOT BEEN INACCEPT COMPLETION REVIEWED RESPONSIBILITY AND OF APPROVEDMY WORK. FOR ERRORS IN DESIGN AFTER THIS POINT. I ACKNOWLEDGE THAT CHANGES MADE AFTER APPROVAL HAVE Fig 1. Clockwise from top left: Seabed mapping coverage in Irish waters; 3D image of seabed displaying deep canyons along the edge of the continental shelf; rock outcrops rising from the seabed off the north coast; a recently discovered underwater mountain chain near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; sandwaves in the Irish Sea; swirling channels in the estuary at Ballysadare Bay, Co . Sligo . 2 How the Seabed is Mapped Data on depth and seabed type are collected by multibeam echosounders. These systems have a transducer which is mounted to the hull of a research vessel. As the ship passes over an area, an acoustic array of signals sweeps the seabed. The beams reflect off the seabed and return to the ship where the echoes are recorded (Figure 2.). The speed of the returning signal informs the depth, also known as the bathymetry, and the strength of the returning signal gives an indication of whether it is hard or soft ground. Ireland’s seabed mapping programme began with the mapping of our offshore waters (Irish National Seabed Survey), and in the course of just six years had mapped the deepest waters (200 – 5000 m). The current phase, INFOMAR, aims to complete the mapping work, focusing on inshore bays and the Celtic Sea. The project also aims to generate thematic maps and products for a wider audience of stakeholders. Examples of such outputs include habitat maps, geological maps and an online shipwreck resource catalogue. The project has a fleet of vessels equipped with state-of-the-art sonar equipment. The size of the vessel and the equipment on board determine the depth at which the vessel can operate. In general, the smaller vessels map the shallow areas and the larger vessels target the deeper, offshore areas. Fig 2b. INFOMAR survey vessels (Top- PROOFBottom): RV Celtic Voyager, RV Keary and RV Geo . PLEASEPLEASE CONFIRM CONFIRMBEEN THAT GIVEN YOUALL ARTWORKMAYUNDERSTAND RESULT RELATED IN THAT EXTRA TOISUPPLY FEES THIS AND/OR PROJECT / ID3 WILL DELAYS HAS NOT BEEN INACCEPT COMPLETION REVIEWED RESPONSIBILITY AND OF APPROVEDMY WORK. FOR ERRORS IN DESIGN AFTER THIS POINT. I ACKNOWLEDGE THAT CHANGES MADE AFTER APPROVAL HAVE Fig 2. Schematic illustrating how images of the seabed are acquired using a multibeam echosounder . 3 GALWAY’S HERITAGE - OIDHREACHT NA GAILLIMHE Mapping Our Natural Heritage Marine Habitats Seabed habitats constitute a large part of our change, pollution, overfishing, dredging, oil and natural heritage. Some of the most beautiful gas exploration. Challenges from the industrial marine plants and animals are found merely a few sector can be managed in a more sustainable metres from the shore in shallow depths where way to ensure that industry can prosper but not sunlight still has a major influence on the presence to the detriment of the environment. This holistic of plant life. Zostera marina (Figure 3) is a type of approach to the management of our ocean is seagrass found in shallow, coastal waters off known as marine spatial planning and habitat maps Galway and Kerry. Its lime green leaves form dense are a key component to this process (Figure 7). meadows on the seabed and it acts as a nursery habitat for juvenile fish. Along the Connemara coastline, dead fragments of calcareous seaweeds (Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatolithon calcareum ) have built up into coral strands, their skeletal remains, originally red, now bleached a pale pink from the sun. Known as maerl, (a word originating from Brittany,) its accumulations in the shallow waters of inner Galway Bay shelter marine animals in such spectacular density that the EU Commission has labelled it a remarkable habitat (Figure 4). Fig 3. Dogfish seeking shelter in the seagrass. At the back of Inishmore (Figure 5.), limestone cliffs are exposed to the full force of the Atlantic. Strong currents and even stronger waves add a dynamic element to an underwater environment of horizontal ledges and caves. The marine life is correspondingly enriched. These submerged reefs are a habitat to kelp, anemones, urchins, coral, starfish, crustaceans and fish (Figure 6). Such is the diversity of life found on these reefs that they have been grantedPROOF a protective status under the EU Habitats Directive. This protection is put into practice by designating a number of areas with reef around thePLEASE coastPLEASE CONFIRM as CONFIRM BEEN THAT GIVEN YOU ALL ARTWORKMAY UNDERSTAND RESULT RELATED IN THAT EXTRA TOISUPPLY FEES THIS AND/OR PROJECT / ID3 WILL DELAYS HAS NOT BEEN INACCEPT COMPLETION REVIEWED RESPONSIBILITY AND OF APPROVEDMY WORK. FOR Special Areas of Conservation (SAC). AccurateERRORS IN DESIGN AFTER THIS POINT. I ACKNOWLEDGE THAT CHANGES MADE AFTER APPROVAL HAVE Fig 4. Maerl in shallow waters at the coral beach in maps of the seabed are vital to ensure that correct Carraroe, Co . Galway . areas are designated. The aforementioned acoustic surveys can map the physical extent of the reef, but in order to map the sea life on and around the reef, video footage is required. This footage is obtained from underwater cameras deployed from a survey vessel using a cable or from direct observations from SCUBA divers.

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