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Perichaena Megaspora, a New Nivicolous Species of Myxomycete from the Andes

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Perichaena Megaspora, a New Nivicolous Species of Myxomycete from the Andes Mycologia, 105(4), 2013, pp. 938–944. DOI: 10.3852/12-191 # 2013 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Perichaena megaspora, a new nivicolous species of myxomycete from the Andes Anna Ronikier1 species of Perichaena have been reported from Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz Argentina. Apart from the four cosmopolitan species 46, 31-512 Krako´w, Poland mentioned above (see Lado and Wrigley de Basanta Carlos Lado 2008), three other species have been reported from Real Jardı´n Bota´nico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 the country: P. calongei Lado, D. Wrigley & Estrada Madrid, Spain (Lado et al. 2009), P. quadrata T. Macbr. (Lado et al. 2011) and P. pedata (Lister & G. Lister) Lister ex E. Diana Wrigley de Basanta Jahn (Wrigley de Basanta et al. 2010). Real Jardı´n Bota´nico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 In the material collected during a survey of Madrid, Spain myxomycetes in South America (the Myxotropic project, www.myxotropic.org), we found numerous collections of an undescribed species of Perichaena Abstract: A new nivicolous species of Perichaena is that formed strikingly large spores. Morphological described from the Andes in Argentina. The most characters were found to be constant for all these conspicuous characteristics of Perichaena megaspora specimens, collected over two consecutive years and at are the large spores and their ornamentation in the several localities and produced in one collection in form of flattened warts. The 16–21 mm diam spores moist chamber culture. Detailed examination of all make the new species unique in the genus in which all samples and comparison with all the described other species have spores rarely reaching 15 mm diam. species from the genus revealed that the South Twenty-two collections were found in the field during American material represents a distinct unknown two consecutive years at 10 localities in Mendoza taxon that we propose here as a new species. province Argentina, including one collection isolated from a moist chamber culture of ground litter. The new species was examined under stereomicroscope, MATERIALS AND METHODS light microscope and scanning electron microscope Specimens were collected from 10 localities in 2007 and and micrographs of relevant details are included. 2008 in the Andes of Argentina (FIGS.1,2).Allthe Key words: Amoebozoa, Argentina, Eumycetozoa, collection localities were georeferenced (Garmin, eTrex Myxogastria, SEM, species distribution, taxonomy Vista HCx, Datum WGS84). For microscopic examination 21 specimens collected in the field were used and one collection obtained in moist chamber culture of substrate INTRODUCTION material collected in the field. Observations and measure- The myxomycete genus Perichaena belongs to the ments of the morphological characters were made under order Trichiales and is the second largest genus in the stereoscopic microscopes Nikon SMZ 1000 and SMZ 1500. family Arcyriaceae. It comprises almost 30 species The total height and length of the sporophores were 5 (Lado 2012). Species belonging to the genus form measured (n 56). Observations and measurements of microscopic characters were made on material mounted in sessile or stalked sporocarps or short to long Hoyer’s medium, under a Nikon Eclipse E-600 light plasmodiocarps with pale capillitium covered with microscope, with a Nomarski interference contrast. Micro- various types of ornamentation in the form of warts, graphs of microscopic characters were taken from material spines or rings, but never spirals, and with pale spores mounted in water or in Hoyer’s medium with a Nikon DS- usually covered with warts or spines (Martin and Fi1 camera head. The material is deposited in MA-Fungi, Alexopoulos 1969, Farr 1976, Nannenga-Bremekamp TLXM, KRAM, and in the personal collection of Diana 1991, Lado and Pando 1997). A few species of Wrigley de Basanta (dwb). Spore measurements of all well Perichaena, such as P. chrysosperma (Curr.) Lister, P. developed specimens of the new species (50 per collection, corticalis (Batsch) Rostaf., P. depressa Lib. and P. 1050 in total) were made under an oil-immersion objective vermicularis (Schwein.) Rostaf., are common and and include ornamentation. Values present in less than 1% of the measurements are given in parentheses in the distributed worldwide (e.g. Martin and Alexopoulos descriptions provided below. The statistics were calculated 1969), while other representatives of the genus are with Statistica 6 software. Scanning electron microscopy rare or known only from the type locality. Seven (SEM) studies of the collections were made at the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid. Critical-point drying was used Submitted 30 May 2012; accepted for publication 1 Dec 2012. for SEM preparations, and specimens were examined with a 1 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Hitachi S-3000N scanning electron microscope, at 15 kV. 938 RONIKIER ET AL.: NEW SPECIES OF PERICHAENA 939 and some swellings, capillitial tubules strongly flattened, 3–6(–8) mm wide, variously ornamented from almost smooth to covered with warts, yellowish brown (74. s. y Br–75. deep y Br) in mass, yellow (86. l. Y–87. m. Y) by transmitted light, ends blunt (FIGS.5– 6, 10, 12–14). Spores yellowish brown (74. s. y Br) to orange-yellow (72. d. OY) in mass, yellow (87. m. Y– 88. d. Y) to olive brown (94. l. Ol Br) by transmitted light, (15–)15.5–22(–25) mm in diam, globose or slightly ovoid, thick-walled and darker on one side, thin-walled (germ pore) and paler on the other side, loosely and irregularly covered with big warts by transmitted light, pilate by SEM, the pila up to 1 mm wide and less than 1 mm high, sometimes fused (FIGS. 7, 8, 15–17). Plasmodium unknown. HOLOTYPE: ARGENTINA. MENDOZA: Malargu¨e, Los FIG. 1. Distribution of Perichaena megaspora. For expla- Molles, Las Len˜as, Portezuelo Ancho, 12 km from Las Len˜as nation of the localities, see specimens examined. on the track to Valle Hermoso, 35u059490S70u089200W, 2805 m, 5 Mar 2007, on twigs of an Asteraceae, C. Lado, A. Estrada & Color notations in parentheses are from the ISCC-NBS D. Wrigley de Basanta, Lado 18626 (MA-Fungi 82108). Isotypes color name charts illustrated with centroid colors (Anony- at KRAM (M-1556) and TLXM (FIG.1;Loc.5a,2). mous 1976). Other specimens examined: ARGENTINA. MENDOZA: Las Moist chamber cultures of ground litter (leaves and Heras, Uspallata, Parque Provincial Aconcagua, Los Hor- twigs) of an unidentified plant from the Asteraceae were cones, route RN-7, km 1222, 32u499220S69u569180W, prepared according to Wrigley de Basanta et al. (2009). 2906 m, 23 Feb 2007, (FIG. 1; Loc. 1), on a woody shrub, The cultures were kept at room temperature (21–23 C), Lado 18501 (MA-Fungi 82109). Lujan de Cuyo, Uspallata, the pH was recorded at 24 h and the cultures were Parque Provincial Volca´n Tupungato, Las Cuevas, old road observed 3 mo. All sporocarps in one moist chamber RN-7 to Cristo Redentor, 32u489410S70u049330W, 3479 m, culture were considered to represent one collection, 23 Feb 2007, (FIG. 1; Loc. 2), on living twigs of a woody irrespective of the number of sporocarps produced or the shrub, Lado 18508 (MA-Fungi 82110). Las Heras, Uspallata, time of incubation. Parque Provincial Aconcagua, Las Cuevas, Quebrada del Navarro, route RN-7, km 1229, 32u499030S70u009450W, 2991 m, 23 Feb 2007, (FIG. 1; Loc. 3), on living and dead TAXONOMY twigs of a woody shrub, Lado 18513 (MA-Fungi 82111), Perichaena megaspora A. Ronikier, Lado et D. Lado 18514 (MA-Fungi 82112), Lado 18516 (MA-Fungi Wrigley, sp. nov. FIGS. 3–17 82113). San Rafael, El Sosneado, Minas de Azufre, route RP- MycoBank MB801832 220, 74 km NW from El Sosneado, by Atuel river, 34u409500S 70u059350W, 2257 m, 2 Mar 2007, (FIG. 1; Loc. 4), on leaves Sporophores in groups, rarely scattered, short of an Asteraceae, Lado 18574 (MA-Fungi 82114), Lado plasmodiocarps to sporocarps, sessile, attached to 18575 (MA-Fungi 82115). Malargu¨e, Los Molles, Las Len˜as, the substrate (FIG. 3). Plasmodiocarps or sporocarps Portezuelo Ancho, 12 km W from Las Len˜as on the track to subglobose to allantoid, 0.62–3.00(–6.25) mm long, Valle Hermoso, 35u059490S70u089200W, 2805 m, 5 Mar 0.65–1.12 mm wide, 0.48–1.00 mm high. Sporotheca 2007, (FIG. 1; Loc. 5a), on leaves and twigs of an Asteraceae, dark yellowish brown (75. deep y Br–78. d. y Br). Lado 18631 (MA-Fungi 82116), Lado 18647 (MA-Fungi Hypothallus membranous, yellowish brown (75. deep 82117, KRAM M-1557), Lado 18648 (MA-Fungi 82118), Lado y Br–78. d. y Br), common for a group of sporo- 18651 (MA-Fungi 82119), Lado 18654 (MA-Fungi 82120, phores. Stalk absent. Peridium double (FIGS. 4, 9), KRAM M-1558), Lado 18656b (MA-Fungi 82121), Lado two layers closely adhered, so that they appear as one 18661a (MA-Fungi 82122), Lado 18664 (MA-Fungi 82123). thick unit, orange-yellow (70. l. OY–71. m. OY) or Malargu¨e, Los Molles, Las Len˜as, Portezuelo Ancho, 12 km W 9 0 olive brown (94. l. Ol Br) to colorless by transmitted from Las Len˜as on the track to Valle Hermoso, 35u05 48 S 70u089170W, 2789 m, 25 Feb 2008, (FIG. 1; Loc. 5b), on litter light, covered with slightly darker yellow granular of an Asteraceae in moist chamber culture, dwb 3183. matter, inner surface of the inner layer distinctly Malargu¨e, Los Molles, Las Len˜as, Vı´rgen de los Arrieros, warted, sometimes embossed with outlines of the 10 km W from Las Len˜as on the track to Valle Hermoso, spores by light microscope and SEM (FIGS. 4, 10–11), 35u059290S70u079320W, 2715 m, 5 Mar 2007, (FIG. 1; Loc. 6), dehiscence irregular.
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