DOCSLIB.ORG

Greece Timeline

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Greece Timeline http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html Resources Greece Timeline Timeline Pictures Posters Teachers & Students 8000 BCE Mesolithic Period Desktop Wallpaper (8300-7000) Related Pages Earliest evidence of burials found in 7250 BCE Franchthi Cave in the Argolid, Greece Map of Ancient Grece Evidence of food producing economy, 7000 BCE Neolithic Period simple hut construction, and seafaring in (7000-3000 BCE) mainland Greece and the Aegean Explore More First "Megaron House" at Sesclo, in 5700 BCE central Greece Links: Alexander the Great Evidence of earliest fortifications at 3400 BCE Chronology Dimini, Greece The timeline of Greek 3000 BCE Mathematecians Houses of Vasiliki and Myrtos Aegean Bronze Age Messara Tholoi or Early Bronze Age Mathematecians born in House of Tiles at Lerna (3000-2000) Greece Minoan Prepalatial or: EMIA, EMIB Timeline of Greek (3000-2600 BCE) Drama Early Cycladic Culture Greek and Roman (3200-2000) Theater and Theatrical Early Helladic Period Masks Timeline (3000-2000) Full Chronology of Mathematics (including Greek mathematicians) 2600 BCE Minoan Prepalatial Period A Detailed Chronology of or: EMIIA, EMIIB, MMIII Greek History (2600-2000 BCE) A New Bronze Age Chronology (more) Destruction of Minoan settlements 2000 BCE Minoan Protopalatial The Thera (Santorini) Period Volcanic Eruption and or: MMIA, MMIB, MMI IA, the Absolute Chronology MMI IB, MMI IIA, MMI of the Aegean Bronze IIB, LMIA Early Age (1900-1700 BCE) Assiros Phases (Revised Early Middle Cycladic (2000-1600 BCE) chronology of the end of Mycenaean Civilization) Middle Helladic Period or Middle Bronze Age (2000-1550) Destruction of Minoan palaces 1700 BCE Settlement of Akrotiri, Thera Minoan Neopalatial Grave Circle B at Mycenae Period or: LMIA Advanced, LMIA Final, LMIB Early, LMIB Late, LMII (1700-1400) 1 of 6 9/10/09 6:41 AM Greece Timeline http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html Eruption of Thera volcano (sometime 1627 BCE between 1627 and 1600) Grave Circle A at Mycenae 1600 BCE Late Bronze Period Legends: Argo Voyage, Heracles, or The Heroic Age Oedipus (1600-1100) Tholos Tomb at Mycenae 1550 BCE Late Helladic Period (1500-1100) Linear B writing (1450-1180) 1450 BCE Mycenaean Palaces 1400 BCE Evidence of expanded Mycenaean trade at Minoan Postpalatial Levand Period or: LMIIIA1, LMIIIA2, LMIIIB, LMIIIC (1400-1100) Palace of Knossos destruction 1370 BCE "Sea Peoples" begin raids in the Eastern 1300 BCE Mycenaean Culture Mediterranean (1300-1000) Trojan War (1250 or 1210) 1250 BCE Destruction of many Mycenaean palaces 1200 BCE Doric Invasions? (1200-1100) Sea Peoples (1200-1100) 1180 BCE Sub-Mycenaean Period (1180-1050) Destruction of Miletus and resettlement 1100 BCE Sub-Minoan Period (1150-950) Dark Age of Greece (1100-700) Proto-Geometric Period (1100-900) End of Mycenaean civilization 1000 BCE Lefkandi: Toumba building 900 BCE Geometric Period (900-700) First Olympic Games 776 BCE Greek colonies established in Southern 750 BCE Late Geometric Italy & Sicily (circa 760-700) Invention of Greek alphabet Homeric poems recorded in writing (750-700) 740 BCE Orientalizing Period (circa 740-650) First Messenian War 730 BCE Sparta invades Messenia (730-710) Naxos founded (734) Syracuse founded (733) 2 of 6 9/10/09 6:41 AM Greece Timeline http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html 700 BCE Archaic Period (700-480) Earliest Lyric Poets 650 BCE Second Messenian War 640 BCE Sparta invades Messenia (640-630) Cyrene founded (630) Sappho born in Lesbos 630 BCE Thales (625-545) born in Miletos 625 BCE Pythagoras (ca. 569-475) born in Samos 569 BCE Solon replaces the Draconian law in 594 BCE Athens and lays the foundation for Democracy. He introduced to Athens the first coinage and a system of weights and measures Pisistratos becomes tyrant of Athens 546 BCE Pesistratos Dies. His sons become tyrants 527 BCE of Athens Red-figure pottery developed in Athens 525 BCE Alcmaeonid family and Spartans free 510 BCE Athens from tyranny. Introduction of Democracy in Athens Kleisthenes begins reforming Athenian 508 BCE code of laws, and establishes a democratic constitution Ionian revolt 499 BCE Ionian revolt defeated by Persians 494 BCE Persian Wars 497-479 BCE Battle of Marathon 490 BCE Athenians defeat Darius and his Persian army Silver mines discovered near Athens. 483 BCE Athens begin building naval fleet Aristides ostracized 482 BCE Xerxes marches on Greece 480 BCE Battle of Thermopylae Classical Period Persians burn the Acropolis (480-323 ) Athens and allies defeat Persian fleet at Transitional (480-450) naval battle of Salamis Battle of Plataea 479 BCE Greeks defeat Persian army Delian league lead by Athens 477 BCE 3 of 6 9/10/09 6:41 AM Greece Timeline http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html Earthquake in Lakonia 465 BCE Helot revolt against Sparta in Messenia Peloponnesian Wars: 461-445 "First Peloponnesian War" Perikles leads Athens through its "Golden 460 BCE Era" (ca. 460-429) Aeschylus produces "the Oresteia" trilogy 458 BCE of tragedies (Agamemnon, Libation Barers, Eumenides) in Athens Delian league treasury moved from Delos 454 BCE to Athens Sophist Protagoras visits Athens 450 BCE Acropolis and other major building 449 BCE projects begin in Athens Construction of Parthenon (449-432) Sophocles produces the tragedy "Ajax" Thirty-year peace treaty signed between 446 BCE Athens and Sparta in winter 446/445 Sophocles produces "Antigone" in Athens 441 BCE 430-429 Peloponnesian War (431-404) resumes 431 BCE Euripedes produces "Medea" in Athens Plague epidemic in Athens 430 BCE Death of Perikles 429 BCE Peace of Nicias 421 BCE Construction of Temple of Athena Nike 420 BCE (420-410) Athenians resume hostilities 418 BCE Spartans defeat Athens at Mantinea Athens razes Melos 416 BCE Athens expedition to Syracuse 415 BCE Alcibiades defects to Sparta Syracuse defeats Athens 413 BCE Aristophanes produces "Lysistrata" 411 BCE Athens surrenders to Sparta 404 BCE Thirty tyrants rule Athens Democracy restored in Athens 403 BCE Trial and execution of Socrates 399 BCE Plato establishes the Athens Academy 380 BCE 4 of 6 9/10/09 6:41 AM Greece Timeline http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html Sparta defeated in Leuctra 371 BCE Thebes defeats Sparta at Mantinea 362 BCE Philip II, becomes King of Macedonia 359 BCE Macedonian army defeats Athens and its 338 BCE allies at Chaeronea League of Corinth founded Phillip II Assassinated. 336 BCE Alexander the Great becomes king of Macedonia Aristotle founds the Lyceum in Athens 335 BCE Alexander the Great defeats Persian army 334 BCE at Granicus river in Anatolia Alexander the Great defeats Persians at 333 BCE Issus Tyre capitulates to Alexander after siege 332 BCE Alexander invades Egypt 331 BCE City of Alexandria founded in Egypt Alexander defeats Persians at Gaugamela Alexander's army reaches Bactria 329 BCE (Afghanistan) Alexander marries Roxane (princes of 327 BCE Bactria) Alexander's army reaches India 326 BCE Death of Alexander the Great 323 BCE Hellenistic Period (323-146) Aristotle dies 322 BCE Stoic philosopher Zeno founds school in 310 BCE Athens Stoic philosopher Epicurus founds school 307 BCE in Athens Ptolemy I founds museum in Alexandria 300 BCE Archimedes (287-212) born in Syracuse 287 BCE Achaean League founded 284 BCE Invasion of Greece by Gauls 279 BCE Gauls defeated by king Attalus I 238 BCE First Macedonian War (214-204) 214 BCE Rome defeats Philip V of Macedon 5 of 6 9/10/09 6:41 AM Greece Timeline http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html Second Macedonian War (200-196) 200 BCE Victory of Flamininus at Cynoscephalae Third Macedonian War (172-168/7) 172 BCE Lucius Aemelius Paulus of Rome defeats Perseus of Macedon at Pydna. Macedonia divided into four republics Roman Invasion of Greece 146 BCE Mummius Achaicus sacks Corinth and Late Hellenistic or dissolves the Achaean league. Greco-Roman (146-30) Rome rules Greece henceforth Romans lead by Sulla sack Athens 86 BCE Battle of Aktion 31 BCE Octavian (later Augustus) defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra Death of Cleopatra 30 BCE End of "Ancient Greece" period Archaeology • History • Culture • Maps • Architecture • Museums • Art • Photos • Timeline • Desktop Photos • Teachers & Students • Posters • Glossary • Books [ Ancient Greece ] [ index ] [ about ] [ bibliography ] [ contact ] [ bookmark-(Cmnd+D) ] © 2003-2009 Ancient-Greece.org. All Rights Reserved. 6 of 6 9/10/09 6:41 AM.
Recommended publications
  • The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography

    The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography

    Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid.
  • The Helot Revolt of Sparta Greece

    The Helot Revolt of Sparta Greece

    464 B.C. The Helot Revolt of Sparta Greece Sparta, at first, was only the Messenia and Laconia territories, and later the Spartans (previously known as the Dorians) came and took over those territories. Those places they conquered had other residents who were captured and used them as Spartan “slaves” (also known as Helots) for the growing nation. However, these Helots were not the property of anyone or under the control of a specific person. They worked for Sparta in general, and since the Dorians couldn’t do agriculture, they made the Helots do the work. The Dorians were “Barbarians,” note them taking over territories. Unlike the slaves that we know today, these ones were able to go wherever they want in Spartan territory and they could live normal lives like the Spartans.The Helots lived in houses together for a plot of land that they worked on. They were allowed families, to go away from their house and make cash for themselves. Occasionally, the Helots would be assigned to help out in the military. However, not all Helots were happy where they were at. Around 660 B.C., the Spartans attacked the Argives, who demolished the Spartans. The report of Sparta’s lost gave encouragement to the Helots who started a revolt against Sparta, which is now known as the Second Messenian War.​ The Spartans were fighting to gain back control, but they were outnumbered seven Helots to one Spartan. The details about this war were concealed, and very little information is known about what happened in the war.
  • Ancient History Sourcebook: 11Th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA an Ancient City in Greece, the Capital of Laconia and the Most Powerful State of the Peloponnese

    Ancient History Sourcebook: 11Th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA an Ancient City in Greece, the Capital of Laconia and the Most Powerful State of the Peloponnese

    Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA AN ancient city in Greece, the capital of Laconia and the most powerful state of the Peloponnese. The city lay at the northern end of the central Laconian plain, on the right bank of the river Eurotas, a little south of the point where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Oenus (mount Kelefina). The site is admirably fitted by nature to guard the only routes by which an army can penetrate Laconia from the land side, the Oenus and Eurotas valleys leading from Arcadia, its northern neighbour, and the Langada Pass over Mt Taygetus connecting Laconia and Messenia. At the same time its distance from the sea-Sparta is 27 m. from its seaport, Gythium, made it invulnerable to a maritime attack. I.-HISTORY Prehistoric Period.-Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who called the city after the name of his wife, the daughter of Eurotas. But Amyclae and Therapne (Therapnae) seem to have been in early times of greater importance than Sparta, the former a Minyan foundation a few miles to the south of Sparta, the latter probably the Achaean capital of Laconia and the seat of Menelaus, Agamemnon's younger brother. Eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, the Dorian migration took place. A band of Dorians united with a body of Aetolians to cross the Corinthian Gulf and invade the Peloponnese from the northwest. The Aetolians settled in Elis, the Dorians pushed up to the headwaters of the Alpheus, where they divided into two forces, one of which under Cresphontes invaded and later subdued Messenia, while the other, led by Aristodemus or, according to another version, by his twin sons Eurysthenes and Procles, made its way down the Eurotas were new settlements were formed and gained Sparta, which became the Dorian capital of Laconia.
  • Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards

    Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards

    MARATHON 2,500 YEARS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 124 DIRECTOR & GENERAL EDITOR: JOHN NORTH DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: RICHARD SIMPSON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARATHON CONFERENCE 2010 EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2013 The cover image shows Persian warriors at Ishtar Gate, from before the fourth century BC. Pergamon Museum/Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin. Photo Mohammed Shamma (2003). Used under CC‐BY terms. All rights reserved. This PDF edition published in 2019 First published in print in 2013 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN: 978-1-905670-81-9 (2019 PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/1019.9781905670819 ISBN: 978-1-905670-52-9 (2013 paperback edition) ©2013 Institute of Classical Studies, University of London The right of contributors to be identified as the authors of the work published here has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Designed and typeset at the Institute of Classical Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory note 1 P. J. Rhodes The battle of Marathon and modern scholarship 3 Christopher Pelling Herodotus’ Marathon 23 Peter Krentz Marathon and the development of the exclusive hoplite phalanx 35 Andrej Petrovic The battle of Marathon in pre-Herodotean sources: on Marathon verse-inscriptions (IG I3 503/504; Seg Lvi 430) 45 V.
  • The Ubiquity of the Cretan Archer in Ancient Warfare

    The Ubiquity of the Cretan Archer in Ancient Warfare

    1 ‘You’ll be an archer my son!’ The ubiquity of the Cretan archer in ancient warfare When a contingent of archers is mentioned in the context of Greek and Roman armies, more often than not the culture associated with them is that of Crete. Indeed, when we just have archers mentioned in an army without a specified origin, Cretan archers are commonly assumed to be meant, so ubiquitous with archery and groups of mercenary archers were the Cretans. The Cretans are the most famous, but certainly not the only ‘nation’ associated with a particular fighting style (Rhodian slingers and Thracian peltasts leap to mind but there are others too). The long history of Cretan archers can be seen in the sources – according to some stretching from the First Messenian War right down to the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Even in the reliable historical record we find Cretan archer units from the Peloponnesian War well into the Roman period. Associations with the Bow Crete had had a long association with archery. Several Linear B tablets from Knossos refer to arrow-counts (6,010 on one and 2,630 on another) as well as archers being depicted on seals and mosaics. Diodorus Siculus (5.74.5) recounts the story of Apollo that: ‘as the discoverer of the bow he taught the people of the land all about the use of the bow, this being the reason why the art of archery is especially cultivated by the Cretans and the bow is called “Cretan.” ’ The first reliable references to Cretan archers as a unit, however, which fit with our ideas about developments in ancient warfare, seem to come in the context of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE).
  • Roman Literature from Its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age

    Roman Literature from Its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age

    The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of Roman Literature from its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age. Volume I by John Dunlop This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: History of Roman Literature from its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age. Volume I Author: John Dunlop Release Date: April 1, 2011 [Ebook 35750] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF ROMAN LITERATURE FROM ITS EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE AUGUSTAN AGE. VOLUME I*** HISTORY OF ROMAN LITERATURE, FROM ITS EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE AUGUSTAN AGE. IN TWO VOLUMES. BY John Dunlop, AUTHOR OF THE HISTORY OF FICTION. ivHistory of Roman Literature from its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age. Volume I FROM THE LAST LONDON EDITION. VOL. I. PUBLISHED BY E. LITTELL, CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. G. & C. CARVILL, BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 1827 James Kay, Jun. Printer, S. E. Corner of Race & Sixth Streets, Philadelphia. Contents. Preface . ix Etruria . 11 Livius Andronicus . 49 Cneius Nævius . 55 Ennius . 63 Plautus . 108 Cæcilius . 202 Afranius . 204 Luscius Lavinius . 206 Trabea . 209 Terence . 211 Pacuvius . 256 Attius . 262 Satire . 286 Lucilius . 294 Titus Lucretius Carus . 311 Caius Valerius Catullus . 340 Valerius Ædituus . 411 Laberius . 418 Publius Syrus . 423 Index . 453 Transcriber's note . 457 [iii] PREFACE. There are few subjects on which a greater number of laborious volumes have been compiled, than the History and Antiquities of ROME.
  • Study Guide Academic Year 2015-2016

    Study Guide Academic Year 2015-2016

    SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY & CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Study Guide Academic Year 2015-2016 DHACRM Study Guide, 2015-16 2 Table of Contents The University of the Peloponnese ........................................................................................... 6 Department of History, Archaeology & Cultural Resources Management ................ 8 Undergraduate Studies at DHACRM ....................................................................................... 12 Overview of Courses by Semester, No. of Teaching Units & ECTS .............................. 13 IMPORTANT NOTES! .................................................................................................................... 21 Course Guide .................................................................................................................................... 22 CORE COURSES ....................................................................................................................... 22 12Κ1 Ancient Greek Philology: The Homeric Epics - Dramatic Poetry ........... 22 12Κ2 Introduction to the Study of History ................................................................. 22 12Κ3 Introduction to Ancient History ......................................................................... 23 12Κ5 What is Archaeology? An Introduction ............................................................ 23 12Κ6 Prehistoric Archaeology: Τhe Stone and the Bronze Age ......................... 24 12K8 Byzantine
  • Recent Trends in the Archaeology of Bronze Age Greece

    Recent Trends in the Archaeology of Bronze Age Greece

    J Archaeol Res (2008) 16:83–161 DOI 10.1007/s10814-007-9018-7 Aegean Prehistory as World Archaeology: Recent Trends in the Archaeology of Bronze Age Greece Thomas F. Tartaron Published online: 20 November 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract This article surveys archaeological work of the last decade on the Greek Bronze Age, part of the broader discipline known as Aegean prehistory. Naturally, the literature is vast, so I focus on a set of topics that may be of general interest to non-Aegeanists: chronology, regional studies, the emergence and organization of archaic states, ritual and religion, and archaeological science. Greek Bronze Age archaeology rarely appears in the comparative archaeological literature; accord- ingly, in this article I place this work in the context of world archaeology, arguing for a reconsideration of the potential of Aegean archaeology to provide enlightening comparative material. Keywords Archaeology Á Greece Á Bronze Age Á Aegean prehistory Introduction The present review updates the article by Bennet and Galaty (1997) in this journal, reporting work published mainly between 1996 and 2006. Whereas they charac- terized trends in all of Greek archaeology, here I focus exclusively on the Bronze Age, roughly 3100–1000 B.C. (Table 1). The geographical scope of this review is more or less the boundaries of the modern state of Greece, rather arbitrarily of course since such boundaries did not exist in the Bronze Age, nor was there a uniform culture across this expanse of space and time. Nevertheless, distinct archaeological cultures flourished on the Greek mainland, on Crete, and on the Aegean Islands (Figs.
  • Determining the Significance of Alliance Athologiesp in Bipolar Systems: a Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE

    Determining the Significance of Alliance Athologiesp in Bipolar Systems: a Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE

    Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2016 Determining the Significance of Alliance athologiesP in Bipolar Systems: A Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE Anthony Lee Meyer Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the International Relations Commons Repository Citation Meyer, Anthony Lee, "Determining the Significance of Alliance Pathologies in Bipolar Systems: A Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE" (2016). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 1509. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/1509 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DETERMINING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ALLIANCE PATHOLOGIES IN BIPOLAR SYSTEMS: A CASE OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR FROM 431-421 BCE A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By ANTHONY LEE ISAAC MEYER Dual B.A., Russian Language & Literature, International Studies, Ohio State University, 2007 2016 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ___April 29, 2016_________ I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Anthony Meyer ENTITLED Determining the Significance of Alliance Pathologies in Bipolar Systems: A Case of the Peloponnesian War from 431-421 BCE BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts. ____________________________ Liam Anderson, Ph.D.
  • Contesting the Greatness of Alexander the Great: the Representation of Alexander in the Histories of Polybius and Livy

    Contesting the Greatness of Alexander the Great: the Representation of Alexander in the Histories of Polybius and Livy

    ABSTRACT Title of Document: CONTESTING THE GREATNESS OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT: THE REPRESENTATION OF ALEXANDER IN THE HISTORIES OF POLYBIUS AND LIVY Nikolaus Leo Overtoom, Master of Arts, 2011 Directed By: Professor Arthur M. Eckstein, Department of History By investigating the works of Polybius and Livy, we can discuss an important aspect of the impact of Alexander upon the reputation and image of Rome. Because of the subject of their histories and the political atmosphere in which they were writing - these authors, despite their generally positive opinions of Alexander, ultimately created scenarios where they portrayed the Romans as superior to the Macedonian king. This study has five primary goals: to produce a commentary on the various Alexander passages found in Polybius’ and Livy’s histories; to establish the generally positive opinion of Alexander held by these two writers; to illustrate that a noticeable theme of their works is the ongoing comparison between Alexander and Rome; to demonstrate Polybius’ and Livy’s belief in Roman superiority, even over Alexander; and finally to create an understanding of how this motif influences their greater narratives and alters our appreciation of their works. CONTESTING THE GREATNESS OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT: THE REPRESENTATION OF ALEXANDER IN THE HISTORIES OF POLYBIUS AND LIVY By Nikolaus Leo Overtoom Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2011 Advisory Committee: Professor Arthur M. Eckstein, Chair Professor Judith P. Hallett Professor Kenneth G. Holum © Copyright by Nikolaus Leo Overtoom 2011 Dedication in amorem matris Janet L.
  • Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean Culture

    Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean Culture

    Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture By Antonije Shkokljev Slave Nikolovski – Katin Translated from Macedonian to English and edited By Risto Stefov Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2013 by Antonije Shkokljev, Slave Nikolovski – Katin & Risto Stefov e-book edition 2 Index Index........................................................................................................3 COMMON HISTORY AND FUTURE ..................................................5 I - GEOGRAPHICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE BALKANS.........8 II - ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES .........................................10 III - EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE PANNONIAN ONOMASTICS.......11 IV - DEVELOPMENT OF PALEOGRAPHY IN THE BALKANS....33 V – THRACE ........................................................................................37 VI – PREHISTORIC MACEDONIA....................................................41 VII - THESSALY - PREHISTORIC AEOLIA.....................................62 VIII – EPIRUS – PELASGIAN TESPROTIA......................................69 IX – BOEOTIA – A COLONY OF THE MINI AND THE FLEGI .....71 X – COLONIZATION
  • A Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins

    A Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins

    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library CJ 237.H64 A handbook of Greek and Roman coins. 3 1924 021 438 399 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021438399 f^antilioofcs of glrcfjaeologj) anU Antiquities A HANDBOOK OF GREEK AND ROMAN COINS A HANDBOOK OF GREEK AND ROMAN COINS G. F. HILL, M.A. OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COINS AND MEDALS IN' THE bRITISH MUSEUM WITH FIFTEEN COLLOTYPE PLATES Hon&on MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY l8 99 \_All rights reserved'] ©jcforb HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY PREFACE The attempt has often been made to condense into a small volume all that is necessary for a beginner in numismatics or a young collector of coins. But success has been less frequent, because the knowledge of coins is essentially a knowledge of details, and small treatises are apt to be un- readable when they contain too many references to particular coins, and unprofltably vague when such references are avoided. I cannot hope that I have passed safely between these two dangers ; indeed, my desire has been to avoid the second at all risk of encountering the former. At the same time it may be said that this book is not meant for the collector who desires only to identify the coins which he happens to possess, while caring little for the wider problems of history, art, mythology, and religion, to which coins sometimes furnish the only key.