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In-Virto Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinally Important Plant-Cardiospermum Helicacabum Linn

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In-Virto Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinally Important Plant-Cardiospermum Helicacabum Linn International Journal of Pharma Research & Review, Jan 2015; 4(1):10-14 ISSN: 2278-6074 Research Article In-virto Antimicrobial activity of Medicinally Important Plant-Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn. against Pathogenic Bacteria 1 1 2 1 *V. Krishna Murthy Naik , K. Sudhakar Babu , J. Latha , M. Swarna Kumari 1. Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, A.P, India. 2. Department of Bio-technology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University College of Engineering & Technology, S.K.University, Anantapuramu – 515003, A.P, India. ABSTRACT The present studies designed as In vitro antimicrobial activity of the whole plant of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. The traditional Indian system of medicine has a very long term history of usage in a number of diseases and disorders, but lacks recorded safety and efficacy data. However the main cause for their scientific neglect is multi constituent mainstay and the mechanism of action being unclear. Development of standardized, safe and effective herbal formulations with proven scientific evidence can also provide an economical alternative in several disease areas. Herbs have been used as a source of drugs to combat diseases since time immemorial. The effectiveness, easy availability, low cost and non- toxic nature popularized herbal remedies. In spite of the dramatic development of synthetic drugs and antibiotics as the major therapeutic agents, herbs continue to provide basic raw material for some of the most important drugs. Its roots are used for medicinal purposes. In this study Methanol and acetone leaf & root extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn were investigated for in vitro antibacterial property by agar disc diffusion method. The crude extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn, the acetone and Methanol root extract showed good antimicrobial activity against the Salmonella typhi & Proteus mirabilis. Leaf extract of ethanol showed good antimicrobial activity against the Proteus mirabilis. Leaf extract of acetone showed moderate inhibition activity against the Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus Received 24 Nov 2014 Received in revised form 15 Dec 2014 Accepted 17 Dec 2014 *Address for correspondence: V. Krishna Murthy Naik, Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, A.P, India. E-mail: [email protected] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. is one of [8,9]. Numbers of fatty acids were also the members of soapberry family, isolated from seed oil [10]. The plant was Sapindaceae. It is an herbaceous climber reported as antiulcer [11], analgesic [12], widely distributed in tropical and subtropical antiparasitic [13], antimalarial [14], regions. It is originated all through the plains antifilarial [15], antipyretic action [16]. of Africa, America, Bangladesh, India, Plants have been used as curative mediator Malacca and Pakistan. Common names are from the most primitive day of human’s balloon vine, heart vine, heart pea, love-in-a- survival [17] and made it obligatory to study puff, and heart seed. them in details in order to classify the kinds, The whole plant [1] is diaphoretic, diuretic, working for different purposes [18]. emetic, laxative, refrigerant, stomachic and Therefore, in present study we were screen sudorific in folk. It is also used in the the whole plant for its microbial analysis. treatment of rheumatism, chronic bronchitis MATERIALS AND METHODS: and stiffness of the limbs and [2, 7]. Varieties Preparation of Plant Extracts: of chemical constituents have been isolated The roots of the plant Cardiospermum from its Viz. β- arachidic acid, apigenin, helicacabum was shade dried and powdered. apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, chrysoeriol-7-O- A weighed quantity of 2500g was taken for glucuronide and 80 luteolin-7-O-glucuronide chemical investigation. The bark was dried in V Krishna Murthy Naik et.al, IJPRR 2015; 4(1) 10 International Journal of Pharma Research & Review, Jan 2015; 4(1):10-14 ISSN: 2278-6074 the shed and coarsely powdered. The successively and exhaustively with powder was extracted with Methanol in a petroleum ether (60-80°C), benzene, soxhalet apparatus for 72h. The Methanol chloroform and acetone in the order of extract was evaporated in vacuous giving the increasing polarity. The left over fraction was residue (24%). The Methanol extract considered as aqueous fraction. The extract obtained was suspended in distilled water in and fractions were concentrated in a rotary small amounts and was extracted evaporator at reduced pressure. Figure 1: Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn Figure 2: Seeds of Cardiospermum helicacabum (1) Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae (Unranked) Angiosperms (Unranked) Eudicots (Unranked) Rosids Order Sapaindales Family Sapindaceae Sub family Sapindoideae Genus Cardiospermum Species C. halicacabum Binomial name Cardiospermum halicacabum Test organisms used for the study 100µl, 125µl and 150µl) by using sterile They were tested against four bacterial tips. Then the plates were incubated into strains three gram negative bacterium the incubator for 24 hours at 37ºC. The Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis & zones of inhibition of the tested Escherichia coli and gram positive microorganism by the extracts were bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Muller measured using a Fisher-cilly antibiotic Hinton agar medium was prepared by zone reader model 290(U.S.A) The zone of using clean sterile conical flask and kept it inhibition were measured. for sterilization. After sterilization the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION medium was poured into the sterile Petri The Methanol and acetone extracts were plates and allowed to solidify. The bacterial selected for antimicrobial activity and culture was inoculated in the peptone water tested against Gram- positive and Gram- and kept in the shaker for 7-8 hours. Then negative microorganisms Staphylococcus the culture was swabbed on the surface of aureus, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis the Muller Hinton Agar medium by using and Escherichia coli. The results revealed sterile cotton swabs. The sample was that the extracts showed moderate to high added into the sterile disc, which kept on antimicrobial activity against all the tested hot plate different concentrations (75µl, microbial strains. The antimicrobial V Krishna Murthy Naik et.al, IJPRR 2015; 4(1) 11 International Journal of Pharma Research & Review, Jan 2015; 4(1):10-14 ISSN: 2278-6074 activity was evaluated from the zone of antimicrobial activity against the Proteus inhibition (Table-1&2). Among the two mirabilis. Leaf extract of acetone showed crude extract of Cardiospermum moderate inhibition activity against the halicacabum Linn, the acetone and Staphylococcus aureus. The root extract of Methanol root extract showed good Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn have a antimicrobial activity against the good antimicrobial activity compare to the Salmonella typhi & Proteus mirabilis. Leaf leaf extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum extract of ethanol showed good Linn. Table 1: Effect of Methanol and Acetone leaf extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn against pathogenic microorganisms S. Zone of Inhibition (mm) Micro organisms No Escherichia Salmonella Proteus Staphylococcus coli typhi mirabilis auras 1. Methanol extract (μl)75 14 16 12 15 2. Methanol extract (μl)100 14 17 12 16 3. Methanol extract (μl)125 15 17 13 18 4. Methanol extract (μl)150 16 18 14 18 5. Acetone extract (μl)75 14 16 12 16 6. Acetone extract (μl)100 15 17 12 17 7. Acetone extract (μl)125 15 18 14 18 8. Acetone extract (μl)150 16 19 15 19 Escherichia coli Salmonella typhi 18.0 Proteus mirabilis 17.5 Staphylococcus auras 17.0 16.5 16.0 15.5 15.0 14.5 14.0 13.5 Y-Zone of Inhibition (mm) Y-Zone 13.0 12.5 12.0 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 X-Methanol extract Figure 3: Effect of Methanol leaf extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn against pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli Salmonella typhi 19.0 Proteus mirabilis 18.5 Staphylococcus auras 18.0 17.5 17.0 16.5 16.0 15.5 15.0 14.5 14.0 13.5 Y-Zone of Inhibition (mm) Y-Zone 13.0 12.5 12.0 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 X-Acetone extract Figure 4: Effect of Acetone leaf extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn against pathogenic microorganisms V Krishna Murthy Naik et.al, IJPRR 2015; 4(1) 12 International Journal of Pharma Research & Review, Jan 2015; 4(1):10-14 ISSN: 2278-6074 Table 2: Effect of Methanol and Acetone root extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn against pathogenic microorganisms S. Zone of Inhibition (mm) Micro organisms No Escherichia Salmonella Proteus Staphylococcus coli typhi mirabilis auras 1. Methanol extract (μl)75 12 13 11 12 2. Methanol extract (μl)100 12 14 12 14 3. Methanol extract (μl)125 13 15 14 15 4. Methanol extract (μl)150 14 16 15 16 5. Acetone extract (μl)75 10 12 13 14 6. Acetone extract (μl)100 10 13 14 15 7. Acetone extract (μl)125 11 14 15 16 8. Acetone extract (μl)150 12 15 15 17 Escherichia coli 16.5 Salmonella typhi Proteus mirabilis 16.0 Staphylococcus auras 15.5 15.0 14.5 14.0 13.5 13.0 12.5 12.0 Y-Zone of Inhibition (mm)Y-Zone 11.5 11.0 10.5 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 X-Methanol extract Figure 5: Effect of Methanol root extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn against pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli Salmonella typhi 17.0 Proteus mirabilis 16.5 Staphylococcus auras 16.0 15.5 15.0 14.5 14.0 13.5 13.0 12.5 12.0 11.5 Y-Zone of Inhibition (mm) Y-Zone 11.0 10.5 10.0 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 X-Acetone extract Figure 6: Effect of Acetone root extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn against pathogenic microorganisms CONCLUSION exact mechanism of action will The results of this study have shown that contribute greatly to the development the root and leaf extracts of Cardiospermum new pharmaceuticals. helicacabum Linn (Sapindaceae) have great ACKNOWLEDGEMENT potential as antimicrobial agents in the My sincere thanks to UGC authorities for treatment of infectious organisms.
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