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Effective Management of Botrytis Bunch Rot for Cool Climate Viticulture

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Effective Management of Botrytis Bunch Rot for Cool Climate Viticulture Effective management of botrytis bunch rot for cool climate viticulture. Prediction systems Irrigation (inputs, harvest date) Nutrition Wound control Spray coverage Canopy management Spray timing Crop load manipulation FINAL REPORT to GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Project Number: UT0601 Principal Investigator: Dr Katherine J. Evans Research Organisation: University of Tasmania Date: 30 December, 2010. Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation Project Number: UT 06/01 Project Title: Effective management of botrytis bunch rot for cool climate viticulture Report Date: December 30, 2010. Key authors: Katherine J. Evans and Katie J. Dunne Perennial Horticulture Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, 13 St Johns Avenue, New Town TAS 7008, Australia. David Riches and Jacqueline Edwards Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, 621 Burwood Highway, Knoxfield, Victoria 3180, Australia. Robert M. Beresford and Gareth N. Hill The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92 169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Corresponding author: Katherine J. Evans email: [email protected] Phone: 61-3-6233 6878 Fax: 61-3-6233 6145 Acknowledgements The University of Tasmania thanks the Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation for supporting the research presented in this report. Special thanks to Mr John Harvey, Mr Troy Fischer and staff at GWRDC, all of whom supported UTAS through the planning, implementation and reporting phases of the project. Tasmania Sincere thanks go to Mr Justin Direen of TIAR, who conducted field work diligently, made sharp observations and maintained excellent relations with our vineyard co-operators. Special thanks also to Mr Paul Schupp and Ms Alix Bramaud du Boucheron (visitor from University of Bordeaux) for technical assistance. Our vineyard co-operators provided valuable feedback and access to commercial vines in Tasmania and, with much appreciation, we thank: Mr Adrian Hallam for Meadowbank Vineyard, near Cambridge Mr Matthew Pooley for the Cooinda Vale Vineyard of Pooley Wines, near Campania Mr Matt Barwick for Clarence House Vineyard, near Rokeby, Mr Andrew Hannigan for Derwent Estate Vineyard, near Granton, and Mr Paul Townsend for Tamar Ridge Estates, Rowella. Thanks also to Ms Karen McGuire and staff at EnviroLogix Inc., Portland, ME, USA, for supplying QuickStix™ Kits for Botryits in Wine Grape Juice, the QuickStix™ reader and technical advice in relation to this assay. Victoria The assistance of the following vineyard managers is gratefully acknowledged: Tim McCarthy and David Amerlaan (Coldstream Hills), Mathew Carter (Bulong Estate), David Smith (Old Orchard winery) and Andrew Smith (Shelmerdine vineyards). Thanks also to Michaela Cambiotti, Tine Thach and Ross Mann for assistance with field trials. New Zealand All researchers, collaborators and vineyard co-operators are acknowledged in the supporting report by Beresford et al. (2009) (Appendix 5). Project team Dr Kathy Evans thanks the whole research team for their co-operation, lively discussions, thoughtful contributions and willingness to understand and work with each other’s institutional needs. Katie Dunne and David Riches conducted their work innovatively, proficiently and generously. Dr Jacky Edwards helped the team achieve their goals, and her solid reviews of project plans and effective communication of outputs was valued highly. It had always been my ambition to work directly with Dr Rob Beresford and his team after so many years discussing our shared interest in disease epidemiology. The quality and practical application of Dr Beresford’s work speaks for itself. Gareth Hill certainly ‘emerged’ during this project and his ability to manage and analyse large data sets was outstanding. It was a delight to cross the Tasman and exchange ideas with such a ‘switched on’ group that included Dion Mundy and Peter Wood. Disclaimer: This GWRDC final report may be of assistance to you but the Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation, the authors and their employers do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaim all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. Table of Contents Effective management of botrytis bunch rot for cool climate viticulture ........................ 7 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 7 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 8 Background ...................................................................................................................... 11 Project Aims and Performance Targets ............................................................................ 12 General approach ............................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 1: Quantitative methods for studies of botrytis bunch rot in grapevines ........ 15 1 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 15 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 16 3 Materials and methods ................................................................................................ 16 3.1 Trial design, sites and weather data ........................................................................ 16 3.2 Analysis of disease severity and progress ............................................................... 19 3.3 Measurement of vine factors ................................................................................... 19 3.4 Measurement of pathogen inoculum ........................................................................ 20 4 Results ......................................................................................................................... 21 4.1 Botrytis epidemics in relation to region, vine phenology and weather ...................... 21 4.2 Utility of AUDPC as a response variable .................................................................. 24 4.3 Analysis of disease progress ................................................................................... 25 4.4 Vine factors affecting disease severity ..................................................................... 27 4.5 Relationships between pathogen inoculum and disease severity ............................. 28 5 Discussion .................................................................................................................... 29 6 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... 32 7 References ................................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 2: A technique for quantifying the amount of Botrytis cinerea DNA in grape berries................................................................................................................................. 35 1 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 35 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 35 3 Methods ....................................................................................................................... 37 3.1 DNA extraction from grape berries (field samples)................................................... 37 3.2 DNA extraction from B. cinerea mycelia and V. vinifera leaves ................................ 38 3.3 Probes and primers for duplex qPCR assay ............................................................ 38 3.4 Polymerase chain reaction conditions...................................................................... 39 3.5 Data analyses .......................................................................................................... 40 4 Results and Discussion................................................................................................ 40 4.1 Validation of qPCR assay ........................................................................................ 40 4.2 Application of qPCR to samples from the vineyard .................................................. 41 5 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................ 44 6 References .................................................................................................................. 44 Chapter 3: Botrytis trials in Tasmania 2006–2009 ........................................................... 46 1 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 46 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 47 3 Materials and methods ................................................................................................ 48 3.1 Trial design .............................................................................................................
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