The NOTAV Protest Movement and Geographies of Intervention

CEU eTD Collection In requirements for of fulfillment the Master thedegree Arts partial of of T Supervisors: Professors Prem KumarAndreas Rajaram and Dafinger he geographies of intervention WE ARE ALL BLACK NOTAV Department of Central European University

protest movement Sociology and Social Anthropology Sociology (Source: (Source: Budapest, Hungary Cristina BangauCristina Submitted Submitted 2013 beppegrillo.it

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BLOCK!

and

CEU eTD Collection valley, bycriticized highly initiative theprotes of strategic national interest by Italianthe whichgovernment, allowed for the militarization of the declared was project the basis, this On authorities. the and protesters the between confrontations vio to led practice, into embedded imagination, spatial of types two the of overlapping The national specific a into integration its on and be should valley the of) spatiality (the what on disagreement a of framework the through trans the of projects infrastructure tothean proposal opposition for a Turin as started This 1990s. early the in Valley, Susa the in originated that protest movement NOTAV ABSTRACT n hs hss I xlr te ofita pltcl aue f pta rsaig hog the through rescaling spatial of nature political conflictual the explore I thesis, this In

territorial organization, vision that hints to a project of European Union place Union European of project a to hints that vision organization, territorial

European nodality, or multi or nodality, European - European network policy. I argue that the protest can be read be can protest the that argue I policy. network European - Lyon high ters. i

- speed railway, in - scalar spaces, played on the arena of of arena the on played spaces, scalar cluded in one of the priority inoneofcluded thepriority - making. lent CEU eTD Collection References ReflectionsConcluding Passegiatta the inClarea: locals take the on(over?) valley notRoots!Make Anarchistand Rhizomes autonomous practices spatialities The Trans Methodologymake orhowsensethedisagreement to of Th introduction An outsider’s interm Contents ABSTRACT Contents We areWe Détournement all Black profiling ofthean Block! NOTAV institutional of violence e political nature restructuring: transition ofspatial from toRancière Brenner conceptual Mirroring movements: policy, territory, Reflections onanarchism and geographical imaginations Ludo Italy:Subversive actions as in empty a occupying performative claim buildings 2.4. Anarcho Palestine! 2.3 Thisis Instrumentalized2.2. violence 2.1 Aparticularcategory throughtheMoving SusaValley thedocumentsFollowing The space of On Rancière theNOTAV inbetween and thepolitical: movement and politics lapolice Unfolding theSusa Valley:‘whys’ shortreflection onthe encountersValley the infrastructureThe NOTAV movement:The protest European policy Commission’s CaseNOTAV Study: Scaling thedirect actions

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CEU eTD Collection the left side of the road, there ais wall covered in graffiti. This time it NOTAV.Isays still ca On waterflowing. of sound the andonlytrees thereare me around but distance,the in housessee Cars staying. be will I where place the waiting on the other platform. I have to climb up the hilly street with no sidewalks in order to reach person other one just station, solitary small, A train. the off get and luggage my take I stop. next now about the codified lan a exI blunt such seen before but had never politi the with population the of dissatisfaction the and Italy, MAFIA = TAV words: the are letters transit route for ofthevalleywork theinhabitants in who a as mainly used is France, with border the before stop last the Bardonecchia, to Turin connects which line the understood, I what from context; the is al this the wonder No explore visitor. a to as geography going is someone that suggest backpack a does rarely only bag, light a with travels else Everyone me. with carry I luggage the by judging tourist, a am I obvious is it a long day of work, so my enthu a valley surrounded by mountains. People in the compartment are busy reading or just resting after me of front in notice I suburbs, industrialized the behind leaves and tunnel long a through passes th by fascinated am I so before there been never have I train. regional Storytelling as Susa Valley: the in signs ofresistance on the intermezzo An outsider’s After another long tunnel, an eternity which blocked my gazing, a voice a voice a gazing, my blocked which eternity an tunnel, long another After white big in Written side. right my on mountain a on rests gaze my when around, look I the using Susa, di Meana to Turin from travelling am I and 2008 of summer the is It introduction guagebehind it. and themeaning siasm seems a bit out of place. I try to be as subtle as possible, but

(see Figure 1 Figure (see

pass me by, and I again feel out of place. For now, I can can I now, For place. of out feel again I and by, me pass pression of it. I ofit. pression 1

). I had heard stories about the corruption in corruption the about stories heard had I the city.

write down a note in my diary, curious inmydiary, note a write down

cians and the current state of affairs, affairs, of state current the and cians

e scenery. After the train the After scenery. e nnounces the the nnounces nnot pine CEU eTD Collection her from little understand can I town. neighboring the Susa, near somewhere back, way the on railways the and streets the blocking were lunatics some that me telling starts she outraged, and, d train the or car the use to has she so valley, the of part another in works she area, the in people the of Likemany late. hours work from home what I encountered in my short one hour trip. Until some days later, when my host unusually comes and narr that through pass to I have train. a it under and NOTAV saying font, red with background white window, a from hanging flag a notice I Then message. of types these find can I village small a such in that surprised am I but it, of meaning the grasp more graffiti andflags. I finally reach my destination and, for that da that for and, destination my reach finally I ( TAV=MAFIA 1: Figure

Notav.info )

aily. I wait for her to have our afternoon espresso, espresso, afternoon our have to her for wait I aily. 2

y, I stop wondering about how about wondering stop I y, ow street ow

so I have time to see more more see to time haveI so to interpret to

CEU eTD Collection gather elders the afternoon, Every mountains. the in away, far somewhere village small a in eatery, Italian typical a trattoria, the in experiences the project, comple sympathize with the protests is because she finds the mayor of the municipality, who is supporting would she why reason only the that jokes she voice lower Ina this. from economically benefit to soon will work construction the hopes she Still, harmful. be could tunnels the for excavation the so uranium, contain mountains the that rumors therewere admits, She belonging. of sense strong a with dialect, their using still mountains, the in up grew yearsand whoknows,hereven findone. for maybeson,unemployed some now, will no where valley a in occurrence positive a is it perspective, her From Turin. to Lyon from railway speed velocità alta fi story the of sense make to trying mainly is she if as slowly, explains, She well. as rioters, the of part are people those whether her ask to was reaction first my and neighbors, the of one of courtyard the in hanging flag another see can I life ofthe valley. their reasons, only that they are the NOTAV protesters who from time to time disturb the peaceful with fighting people, appa story; I try to get more information from her, but she moves on, sharing stories about her work work her about stories sharing on, moves she but her, from information more get to try I w people upbringing: their on reactions their blames she herself, valley the from Not I ask her what NOTAV stands for, recalling my trip from Turin to Meana. From t much is going on and there are no work places. It will bring tourists, create new jobs new create tourists, bring will It places. work no are there and on going is much t rently there are these anarchists, really violent, who could not care less about working working about careless not could who violent, reallyanarchists, these are there rently (no high (no

tely incompetent. - carabinieri speed train). She mentions a generic ‘they’ who want to construct a high a construct to want who ‘they’ generic a mentions She train). speed

(the national military police). She does not know much about much know not does She police). military national (the

rst for herself. It is an abbreviation from abbreviation an is It herself. for rst there, enjoying some wine produced by the owner owner the by produced wine some enjoying there, 3

start so her family may have the chance chance the have may family her so start no treno ad treno no

the terrace ho - CEU eTD Collection 1 elements the or meaning the itself c T significance. European to catapults valley small a that way such in scales jumping d actors the how understanding as protest NOTAV the take I assembling, of process the in instantiated movement Law Objective project Case Study decided to ‘anarchists’ some because catch to train no be will there how about jokes exchange members We stop talking about andthis fromonly time to when time, she is in a hurry work, for the family n does she and unpredictable too are people those that saying immediately, idea the rejects she one, to me accompany to host my ask I When where more information will be revealed about the injustice of the TAV project and its supporters. infrastructureall theother and facili of never and woods, the in mushrooms gather and hunting go still Italian, learned never apparently, them, of Some proud a himself is who place, the of

Italian word for designating people from region. Piedmont the people worddesignating for Italian an , M announcing posters countless see I there, walks my during on, Later elaborated by the European Commission, with a focus on the 2011 the on focus a with Commission, European the by elaborated

be considered a mediator, in the sense that it translates, transforms, distorts and modifies y research y block the railway again : Scaling: the NOTAV direct actions

that

went out of the valley. Her description is surprising for me; for surprising is description Her valley. the of out went

led to an to led

is built as built is

that it was supposed to carry. to supposed was it that

intensified

a case of protest as place as protest of case a fn ad re ter elte and realities their order and efine .

piemontese ties makes those smallvillages ties makes

mil ot want to get in the middle of their violent actions. violent their of middle the in get to want ot itarization of the Susa Valley. Trying to capture the the capture to Trying Valley. Susa the of itarization 4 1

and discuss local affairs in their own dialect. own their in affairs local discuss and

- making, i making,

Therefore, in the following pages, I pages, following the in Therefore,

n the context of the TEN the of context the n o te rss te da of idea the resist they how

seem a like dreamland.

revision of the of revision evening gatherings evening the quality of the the of quality the a source of of source a he protest protest he

Italian .

- T

CEU eTD Collection progress technical Employment, and Competitiveness policy encounters the Valley The NOTAV protest movement: The European Commission’s infrastruc counter the and spatiality European specific a creating of project the of intersection the of out come that the of exploration railw speed the spatial imaginations of the valley in connection and belonging of narratives the to attention special Ipaid Valley Susa Inthe centers. socialurban protest the in involved groups precisely More security national the for interest strategic of zone declared been had grassroots this in high involved localities the of one Chiomonte, in site construction the to relation in valley the of spatiality the on discourses their d activists and transnational ofresistance. movement scales jumping of strategy same exact the using by movement social a as success achieved initiative NOTAV the how on insist iverse actors involved. actors iverse - mind, in this With n h ery 90, h Erpa Cmiso eaoae a ht Ppr n Growth, on Paper White a elaborated Commission European the 1990s, early the In geographical imagination deployed imagination protesters.geographical by the in spring ay . Another important aspect important Another . , the research had been organized as a three months ethnography of the different the of ethnography months three a as organized been had research the ,

2013 , Askatasuna self Askatasuna

and enhancing competitivity, for for competitivity, enhancing and ,

in theSusaValley, By conducting interviews with the participants to the protest, I explored I protest, the to participants the with interviews conducting By

I structured the research around research the structured I – ,

the local committee local the with the help of autonomous of help the with

- managed social center as the locus the as center social managed a document that talks about the necessity of exploiting exploiting of necessity the about talks that document a , as it is reflected in the following sections, following the in reflected is it as ,

and thenegotiation practices thatemerge between the 5

to s, po s,

the sake of improved living conditions and conditions living improved of sake the the construction site and the pular assemblies, pular

the direct actions actions direct the

social centers social

and economic development economic and

of competing subjectivities competing of - pe riwy n the and railway speed

and the self the and

becoming a national national a becoming undertaken by the by undertaken move proposed high

had been the the been had ment ture - managed ,

which - .

CEU eTD Collection 2 excitement of composedHabitat, committee, high of the construction the over effectsof the the Susa Valley, Italy, as the initiative of a small group of environmentally concerned inhabitants context, this and delays for implementation, gains great significance the in evolution of the TEN conside compensation fair a with means, compulsory or voluntary through of an jobplaces increasedof number outcomes are not only a positive economic impact, but an environmental one, as w from the moment of the publication of the report, is the Turin transport policy large an framework, mechanisms. and financing regulatory administrative, an providing while projects priority the identify to was faster, com a achieve to was aim The proposal a trans for development. economic of coordinates main as employment,

http://aei.pitt.edu/1144/1/trans - cl, rnntoa, ewrs cross networks, transnational, scale,

and environmentally compatible. One of the main challenge, as it is stipulated in the report The report also mentions mentions also report The The keywords of this proposal, which reflect the vision of a common European market, are r to affectedbe by the project. This latter stipulation,

the moment when they simulated the noise produced noise the simulated they when moment the

the NOTAV (ab NOTAV the . Number Number - European network (TEN), European network

six on the list of priority projects which begun or will begin in two years - e_networks_christopherson_report.pdf breviation for breviation

mon space, b space, mon

the possibility of the owners of the land the of owners the of possibility the around twenty people, as Mario as twentyaroundpeople, ,

and the prosperity of the prosperityand regions the of involved.

- no high no odr cooperation border y increasing the physical links, making traffic safer, safer, traffic making links, physical the increasing y - based on a North ona based speed railway. speed 6

- speed train speed

- which can only Lyon high They were organized as a as wereThey organized

It is the moment which marks the marks which moment the is It - ) protest movement originated in originated movement protest ) ,

South and West and South by

put in the general context of of context general the in put reveals to me, to reveals –

the high the to defend themselves if they if themselves defend to - speed speed railway. Its desired –

add - that can be acquired be can that speed trains speed -

- mentioning up to up more to costs Eastaxis urban ell, the creation - T T projects.

technical technical , during , d legal legal d

with

In 2 , . ,

CEU eTD Collection time this unsuccessfully inhabitants, the of opposition the met which initiative another purpose, same the demand transport the satisfies railwaywhich facilitatesthe connection betweenItaly and Fran historic a already is there that fact the on statementthis basing inconsistent, as seen is project the large saturated, infrastruc already is valley the that claim protesters NOTAV The Commission. administrations. a state the to mainly directed being critique their level, political a to movement NOTAV the of discourse oppositional the extended further This involved. states the between agreements bilateral requires implementation Their Union. cross a least at be to has there corridors, in divided network, core the of part each For observatories. technical and coordinator European platforms T the as actors, new introduced It 1990s. early the from times countless in the valley diff well. as outsiders, but locals only not actors, more and more ad the ministrations, as the Comunita M Comunita the as ministrations, ir erent groups and developed its own strategies to cope with the increased presence of the police

vnn meetings. evening The refusal of the project is shaped around the development discourse proposed by the the by proposed discourse development the around shaped is project the of refusal The integ and cohesive a for proposal first The . ture ture

, which brought together all the stakeholders involved in the project, presided by a a by presided project, the in involved stakeholders the all together brought which

and projects being implemented here over the over here implemented being projects

to promote their resistance.promote

Over s

. Moreover, in the late 1980s, a new highway was constructed for constructed was highway new a 1980s, late the in Moreover, . h yas h gop aae to managed group the years the ontana della Bassa Val Susa and the mayors, i mayors, the and Susa Val Bassa della ontana - border section, considered of st of considered section, border

uthorities, political parties and regional and local local and regional and parties political uthorities, 7

rated trans rated recent - European network had network European

It created solidarity networks with with networks solidarity created It ce, built in built ce, the 19 years. Also, the priority status of status priority the Also, years.

gain

h suppor the EN rategic interest for the for interest rategic - T agency, Corridor Corridor agency, T th

century t of the local local the of t

ncorporating ncorporating been revised revised been ,

which which - scale scale

CEU eTD Collection imaginary, spatial own my explored I intermezzo my Unfolding the Susa Valley: short reflection on the ofthelight numerous confrontations. autho official the of actions illegitimate the against resistance of struggle, of story a became years, last the during people, NOTAV the by narrated as valley, the of story confrontationa The politics. autonomous for affinity their to connected knowledge of type certain a brought protest by the self increased police control and abuses. sites construction the around checkpoints the of introduction the Since development. its on saying a have and territory own right the claim they basis, this On Italy. in phenomenon corruption violent the of symptom a being as and valley, the of inhabitants actualthe of opinion disregardingthe interests, autonomous students’ collective from Turin. days event, as part of the NOTAV camp, organized as an alternative forum, by the members of the places, aspect which was repeatedly university financed the eliminated region Piedmont the 2012 in example, For sectors. public alloc resources financial the in cuts increased of context the in unjustified being the as for platform functioned launching Italy in situation economic the of evolution recent The life. of quality the The t The protesters the For reduce will which aspect area, transit a into transformed be will valley the that fear They hree l tactics of the movement expanded, with a focus on direct actions. actions. direct on focus a with expanded, movement the of tactics l

- parts were put together in the introducto the in together put were parts managed social centers from Turin, especially of the Askatasuna activists. They a , fierce resistance fierce

the decision to construct the railway is perceived as serving political political serving as perceived is railway the construct to decision the ,

h pplto cmlis bu te iiaiain f h area, the of militarization the about complains population the

mentioned during the An interesting

against against

useless investment useless turning point had been articulated by articulated ‘ ry section for several reasons. several for section ry Val Susa,

‘whys’

the train train the

l'Università delle lotte s, the high costs of the line line the of costs high the s,

the appropriation of the rities, especially in the in especially rities, trip

on the so called so the on ated to various various to ated to defend their defend to Therefore, the the Therefore,

Through Through !’ four ,

CEU eTD Collection Valley, Susa the in together come who actors different the taking by why, is This particularthis case, theurban multi of context the in (444) state” territorial the within contestation “re the of and territory, state’s and cities major of restructuring projects.infrastructure capita which the cities and the new state spaces remain the “geographical frameworks within, upon and through of, while being incorporated in, multi betweenexpressionfriction of and theurban an as read be can governance perspective, this From process. restructuring spatial global the on the concept of politics of scale (Brenner 1999), which hints at the re and contested furtherare that organizations accumulation. further and trans of strategies regional and national Italian the with spatiality, European a at fieldevidences afirst ofsensible thatmay beglance. puzzling I be.should The signs though,were noticed notone expression Turin the line, historic Moreover, the TENs projects mark the emergence of a specific geography of spati T B he oelpig h TEN the overlapping y s

reterritorialization process is premised upon sp

of the disagreement (Rancière 1999), 1999), (Rancière disagreement the of ih h poet movement protest the with it dev list This

is a is –

lpet nod” (433), unfolds” elopment Therefore, urban politics are to be understood as the outcome between the betweenthe outcome the as understood be areto politics urban Therefore,

Bardonecchia railway. I specifically tried to stress the encounter with the with encounter the stress to tried specifically I railway. Bardonecchia territory dependent on and produced by produced and on dependent territory specific case of the Turin the of case specific - regional, national and European. nationalregional, and - poet whi project, T ple, intermingling geographical scales. ,

I situate the Susa Valley in a broader geography of of geography broader a in Valley Susa the situate I national - scaled 9

the uttering of what the valley is and what it it what and is valley the what of uttering the - sided, butindicated a spatial contested order, - eeomn sae truh large through shaped development .

Lyon territorial restructuring. territorial restructuring. evolved As it follows, it As as it as aces that are simultaneously an outcome

high

follows in the nex the in follows

rm n mgnr of imaginary an from -

some fixed and immobile spatial immobile and fixed some speed railway speed - scaling of politics and politics of scaling

pol t - he thesis is structured based structuredbased is thesis he scalar reconfigurations reconfigurations scalar i tical As Brenner suggests, lating it into practice into it lating conflictual nature of

and looking at the at looking and t sections of the the of sections t specific a al policy. political - scale scale -

in in

CEU eTD Collection the construction site, on moment the about details more gives how beautiful it is? Do you want to leave it to be destroyed by mafia and corrupt politicians?” She you then had, you “If is. reply immediate her there?” been ever often from the supporters of the movement. She starts smiling, puzzled by my question. ta which with intensity the behind force driving the about curious become I evening. NOTAV graffiti onthe university wal information. of sharing the and spaces alternative and of radical interconnectedness different the is politics autonomous of practices main the of one far; so spread development recent the gatheringon an informative of It end the purple. is a violent in roompainted 2012, ina a self of actors who constructed out of unfoldingof a movements particular understa and relations social of networks in articulated moment reveal. inhabitants the of or protesters the of stories the what pro the as context this in defined place of process a through valley the analyzed I creates? it order spatial the is what and thesis lks about territory and belonging and territory about lks cesses in a situation of co of situation a in cesses - , managed social center managed social I tried to find an answer to my main resear This articulation process We are at KLIT, a Radical Queer Affinity Collective Affinity Queer Radical a KLIT, at are We s of the NOTAV struggle. I do not find it surprising that the news about the movement would have have

a land the otherwi

from Bologna told me durin Bologna told from - “intersection and interactions of concrete social relations and social social and relations social concrete of interactions and “intersection presence” (Massey 1994: 138) 1994: (Massey presence” , especially when looked at as the coming together inthe struggle especiallyat asthe lookedcoming together , when s protesters bought , e

and the need to defend the Susa Valley, something I heard so Iheard something Valley, Susa the defend to need the and

never never interacted, when ls

during my Bologna. trip to she partici she 10 ch ch question: how is policy translated into practice

collectively. She enjoyed it and supported the

is best exemplified by what an activist fr pated in the annual NOTAV annual the in pated

and events g the interview. interview. g the . Therefore, Susa Valley is not only only not is Valley Susa Therefore, . , and around 10 people came that that came people 10 around and ,

As I As know the answer. Have you seen youseen Have answer. the know .

ndings, as a process that is is that process a as ndings,

further elaborate on, it is it on, elaborate further The setting is Budapest, The Budapest, settingis

Plus ,

recall I

camp, next to to next camp, the presentor the “Have you - making,

seeing om a

CEU eTD Collection the v she to me, she stops, opens her eyes time self a from them, of one and “comrades” the movement, strongly condemning the violent actions of the police. Before her departure, she greets had , alley, it is alright to talk to youyoualley, talkto isalrightto it noway squat! here.in But come can toour

when he will be in Bologna, Bologna, in be will he when

ever heard.ever chaotically Gesticulating

widely, he will visit her squat. At the moment when she is telling this telling is she when moment the At squat. her visit will

as trying to suggest this was one of the most absurd things , - managed social center in Turin, Turin, in center social managed she looks at she looks 11

me and says: “Com e on! Ie on! fight for can mentions that nex that mentions

No way! ”

CEU eTD Collection territory, articulated upondiverse butis scales. imaginations spatial call I that ways possible multiple conceptua TEN the by geography European the in integrated is Valley Susa way the on dissensus a specific, more spatiality, and development on discourses different e the as protest NOTAV the take I context. local and regional Turin the through rescaling, of phenomenon the out point onlyto not is attempt my that fact bythe justified also is This perspective. my from manner, I encounter. nodes urban European main the identify restructuring territorial to the which able under frameworks geographical be to order in scale of politics of concept the used I Therefore, market. of a major transport network, alongside with monetary and economic main strategies of fulfilling a successful European integration has been considered the elaboration Brenner to transition from conceptual restructuring: ofspatial nature The political multi a in conflict understanding for crucial is perspective Brenner’s While the of one that shows policy, infrastructure European of analysis his in (2004), Stevens l models together models l later on

Rancière

introduce introduce

Rancière I strive to strive I -

is arti is

culated and the frictions that come out of the moments of moments the of out come that frictions the and culated (1999) (1999) as a more elaborate take on conflict and unravel the struggle over space, over its control its over space, over struggle the unravel - Lyon high Lyon

– - speed railway speed

that is not only located in a concrete concrete a in located only not is that - T project. T peso o te ls between clash the of xpression – union

in this case, connecting the connecting case, this in , situated in the national, the in situated , By bringing these two two these bringing By –

features of a common the the political - – layered

in the in , CEU eTD Collection emphasis included onwhat not is of isapartitioning it utteredbe to is parts of the social and puts it into concrete has which social, the constituting visible from what is to be excluded, therefore an exclusionary practice. la police, a distribution of the sensible, an organizational system that separates what is to be made precisely? more field this is what But field. perceptual the in far so included not was what with subject the supplementing possibilities, of field the modifies which redistribution dem a why is This contrarieties. territorial a to project that hints vision organization, ofEuropean Unionplace in integration its and be should valley the of) spatiality (the what on disagreement the framework, this through read be can Valley Susa the in protest the that argue I Therefore, (35). experiences possibility of conditions the creating to leads o rests it so, Doing appearance. way previous the sheer of the contingency visible makes argues, he as which, project) TENs the case, this (in configurations police On Rancière and the political: to a specific European nodality. These multi

Politics Politics is an incongruence in the terms used to define the same by envisioned as Politics, from

what is not. La police is not to be confused with the repressive forces, ra forces,repressive the confusedwith be to Lanot not. is police is what the sensible the n specific subjects or subjectiviz or subjects specific n ocratic emancipation implies, from this perspective, a process of process a perspective, this from implies, emancipation ocratic

- a in

Rancière

an arrangement certain order, separating what is visible from what is not, what of distributing bodies, ways of being and saying, and their their and saying, and being of ways bodies, distributing of the field of evidences.the field of the NOTAV

consequences in the sense that it cuts through certain through cuts it that sense the in consequences (1999), presuppose a break with the tangible spatial tangible the with break a presuppose (1999), -

scalar sp (the political) (the 13

of bodies and their appearance and their of bodies movement in between politics and la aces are

for the production of a new fiel new a of production the for played ation mechanisms and mechanisms ation out subject, subject, the coexistence of It ais symbolic manner of on the arena of - making. Rancière -

with a special with

it finally it national

calls it it calls d of d ther ther

CEU eTD Collection of governmentality,made cracks is its action possible. reveals which in value of s proposed order. network. d the regulating for proposal Commission’s 2011 basis its at nodes). the sensible evidences (the TEN claim for space the up opens movement, an representation mimesis. evidences and what is left out of the perceptual field, through a normative inclusionary practice of politics, theorized under the form of and a police la between conflict inherent an remains There evidences). sensible (the aesthetics sayable (politics). It rests on the intermittent acts of subjectivity that redraw the coordinates of the the and visible the on intervention an as of police) (la regime practices a exclusionary and between representations disagreement the is political the follows, it As field. perceptual the in presents itself to shape experienc what of articulation of regime the evidences, sensible the of distribution the interrupts concept) a through modes of subjectivization. hs a o cnetaiig h political, the conceptualizing of way This t of intervention relational the on relies then, political, The On the one side, t side, one the On The protest movement, on the other hand is the action that tries to interrupt, istheactionbreak the to thattriesThe movement,ontheother to protest hand

pace, new fields of possibilities are What ofpossibilities visible. made fields new pace,

the geographical geographical the By By contesting it ecuinr practices, exclusionary d he TEN he representation of a smooth European space, as it is described in the the in described is it as space, European smooth a of representation , through direct action, rejecting private property and the exchange s e and supplements it with those who were not previously included

project in which the valley is marked as a space in betw - T It is instantiated when politics (contrasting manners of uttering

is, then, an then, is, wrong - making for the protesters to be included in the field of field the in included be to protesters the for making , a clash be

if applied to the concrete case of the NOTAV NOTAV the of case concrete the to applied if 14

attempt to create a specific spatial order that has that order spatial specific a create to attempt

evelopment guidelines of the infrastructure infrastructure the of guidelines evelopment s h dsgemn bten rgm of regime a between disagreement the as tween tween the given distribution of the sensible seems as an project overarching as seems he politics o politics he

n the police order, order, police the n een urban

CEU eTD Collection supp its by presented is NOTAV protests. organizing while but before, only not built is solidarity how and resistance of networks create people how action, collective of concept the to them relating furthermore raised, are authorities by produced processes reterritorialization? of in this assemblage and how do the different parts see it integrated and unfolded in the multi into the field of evidences by the protesters. Even more s the and promotes Commission European the that sensible the partitioning of way the between interaction specific the of moment, articulated this of out come that forms political place as but as means, and of resistance as a matter of flows, in the specific context of the NOTAV protest perspectiverhizomatic a transitory promotes segmentation The reterritorialization. and deterritorialization of process a through territories, its and rhizome middle the in being of ways new of generative is that becoming of process a entryways, multiple with forms and spatiality aesthetics, machines, assemblages. formingassemblage Each isconsideredto new other of multitude a to connect can they since complete, fully never are These multiplicities. as rhizome the of exploration (1987) Guattari’s and Deleuze to compared be could disagreement , a stream with no end or be or end no with stream a , Questions on the power relations and the connection between local knowledge an From my point of view, this of out comes what and order, spatial a of contestation the as appears protest The - making.

hrfr, h mi rsac qeto gaiae aon te pta a spatial the around gravitates question research main the Therefore, this this can only benefit the understanding of politics, not as teleology,

of subjectific of

ginning. The assemblage has the potential to transform the transform to potential the has assemblage The ginning. ation, and therefore is presented as constant flows, constant as presented is therefore and ation, 15

orters as a counter a as orters pecific, how is the Susa Valley imagined - in - progress.

be an event,be specific with

- hegemonic movement, hegemonic wrong d the one

brought - nd scalar the the

CEU eTD Collection luniversit%C3%83%C2%A0 3 policy as the project of creating a spatial order that further connects to a infrastructure of premise the introduce to want I this, Through one. networked a to fragmented Commission’ the in presented is spatiality European next the in this, knowledge. alternative and solidarity of network dense a dimension, construct the sustain to means political as used economic interests and the expert knowledge ‘ counter and organizing of modes of based on

a Susa, Val http://www.infoaut.org/index.php/blog/spazi contropotere e conflitto, di organizazzionecontropotere di conflitto, e e controsapere

'nvrià el lotte delle l'Università pages

- I delle introduce - lotte

- ’ 02 sme iiitv. h poetr oppose protesters The initiative. summer 2012, !’

knowledge) h mtoooy section methodology the - sociali/item/5369

necessary for 16

as it is concluded in the detailed schedule of the the of schedule detailed the in concluded is it as

o o te railway the of ion - programma dcmns fo a iin f pc as space of vision a from documents, s

the atr hc I which after , elaboration of the TEN - della 3

(counter quattro Before elaborating more on on more elaborating Before geography -

srn environme strong a - giorni - power andpower conflict, describe the the describe - val

of intervention. - susa - T pr - ,

o the to ject way way ntal

CEU eTD Collection impl formulating, in roles particular play still states since especially important highly economic is This accumulation. uneven capital of an development of product relations, social embedded spatially of restructuring the of which reveals the dynamics of the politics. Conflictual, antagonistic analysis, specific historically a in put and redefined are space and state of concepts linear static, because construction. the its protests against of cert a basis its at st high of corridor the by envisioned anal to chose I model, analytical counter the and spatiality European specific a creating of project the of intersection the of out come that subjectivities of reshaping continuous the in scaled, producedby and on dependent as Valley Susa take I specific, More control. its and space over struggle as (1999) scale of politics the on insights Brenner’s following restructuring, spatial of nature conflictual The space of policy and practice or Methodology rategic interest and, therefo and, interest rategic By p By m far, so mentioned As ointing out the social in the making, the frictions are used as moments in which the the which in moments as used are frictions the making, the in social the out ointing -

spe ain geographical representation geographical ain re and contestedare further that organizations spatial immobile and fixed some trans ed railway. I took this as my case study not only because only not study case my as this took I railway. ed how to make sense of the sense make to how - European transport n transport European - egahcl mgnto dpoe b te protesters. the by deployed imagination geographical re, a priority, as an attempt to attempt an as priority, a re, y main argument main y yze

the emergence of a specific geography of spatial policy, as as policy, spatial of geography specific a of emergence the mnig n codntn te ra policies urban the coordinating and ementing

the geographies of accum of geographies the etwork and its articulation through the through articulation its and etwork 17

( has as a as has det ailed in the documents produced), documents the in ailed disagreement

starting point starting c reate a specific spatial order order spatial specific a reate ulation. The result is result The ulation.

perspectives perspectives are key elements

considerations over the the over considerations

ae on Based considered of considered

te TEN (the Lyon competing competing

but also but that has has that - Turin Turin

thi - T s - CEU eTD Collection 6 5 4 network the for guidelines development the regulating part also decide, to urgency the mentions revitalization trans on Report special a with Employment, and Competitiveness Growth, on Paper White the from Decision Council’s 1993 the from investigation of point my started I network. d the 2005) (Latour associations the of trails the assemblage, this of dynamic the was studied be to had what so assembling, of process the in instantiated movement Following the documents (Deleuze& 1987). Guattari inspired 1995), (Marcus ethnography sited as the articulated moment that comes out of the interaction of d imaginary. its and practices on the tran development. cities) European main connect to designed also is project

http://aei.pitt.edu/1144/ http://eur http://europa.eu/documents/comm/white_papers/pdf/com96_421_en.pdf of this level of analysis of level this of cmns prod ocuments My attempt had been to propose to been had attempt My - lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriSe slation of policy into practice, the 6

, from 1996 I believe the dynamics identified at each level of analysis reveal excellent insights insights excellent reveal analysis of level each at identified dynamics the believe I - uoen networks European cd y h Erpa Cmiso rgrig h trans the regarding Commission European the by uced

. Further, I took

Complementing this with a view of place as process (Massey 1994), 1994), (Massey process as place of view a with this Complementing consists consists

the moment when t when moment the 5

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a methodological approach which is able to capture the capture to able is which approach methodological a the report of 2001

European Parliament and Council’s 2011 proposal forproposal 2011 Council’s andEuropean Parliament latter

y rioai prpcie of perspective rhizomatic a by 18

one understood as , in order to analyze the discourse of what of discourse the analyze to order in , he TEN he

on the transport policy for 2010 ue a mcaim o economic for mechanism as used ,

ifferent ifferent scales, I developed a multi . the The first step was the analysis of of analysis the was step first The - T agency was set up set was agency T taey eot o railway for report strategy the articulation of alternative - uoen transport European

reterritorializat 4 , which follows which ,

focus on the the on focus . The last last The ,

which which ion s -

CEU eTD Collection 8 Transpadana and as Transalpine users,such future ofthe and ofindustry interests the representing the and organization’s LTF, the Observatory, the current promoter operators, managersand Italy,the and railway France Statesconcerned, 7 I resistance,but of strategiesand meetings next the aboutI them my frominformation extract did NO involved history of the movement as narrated by the inhabitants movement, Moving through the Susa Valley play version of the 2012, in time specific the For process. modernization and offers analysis detailed s it as relevance, great of be to it considered I 2001. from Law Objective the to After, cross the for Italy and France between Rome, in signed agreement, Lyon the actors the specifies which projects, included inthe priority projectnumber 6. trans integrated an

Notav.info, Member ofthe two authorities local and regional national, the Commission, the European Coordinator, European TAV movement and

in monitoring and implementing the works and implementing in monitoring

insights insights on the priority projects considered of strategic interest for the national development my focus my hn eln wt te vns n h Ss Vle, any ih h NTV protest NOTAV the with mainly Valley, Susa the in events the with dealing When priority the of implementation the on Report Progress 2012 the was link intermediary An O cuil motne a be te websites the been had importance crucial Of . - Turin Corridor. From this point, I had to move at the exploration of the 2012 bilateral 2012 the of exploration the at move to had I point, this From Corridor. Turin ,

infoaut.org, 69. I took into consideration into took I

wen , because it set it because , - Eur t to the to t

order order to underst pa ntok mle, n psto te pcfc Lyon specific the position and implies, network opean assemblea permanente

main legislation elaborated by the Italian government, more specific specific more government, Italian the by elaborated legislation main

the normative context of large of context normative the 7

who are in charge in are who

the f the and better the roles the Italian state and the Piedmont region

ollowing aspects: what are the reference points in the in points reference the are what aspects: ollowing

19 . (permanent assembly)

- frame of my research, I looked at the revised the at looked I research, my of frame , how it is organized, and the different actors

of planning, coordinating and supervising and coordinating planning, of 8

anand y h spotr o the of supporters the by maintained - scale scale - border section of the project. project. the of section border , their mailing list. Not only infrastruc ture project ture hows up in the in up hows - ui project, Turin s . It . CEU eTD Collection their compromise to want not did I done. be to are drills the which in location the around police, forestsof each path small the in attacks over the working sites consequences this option implied was that I had to refrain from personal their follow to emphasis. significance extreme of it considered I because and thoughts their of flow the interrupt not did I ensure to strategy this adopted I valley. the of imagination spatial police the theirof reaction the and violence it, of issue the history, supporting NOTAV of reasons the are what movement, the in position their on conversation foll interviews the why is This discussions. various in engage to chance the me offered which week, every almost meetings organizes and support large a enjoys movement the to, talk to wanted I Iaffiliated gatherings. whom individuals metat the different self Askatasuna member the local wine tasting events public the for gatherings informative beginn the until January of end the from on thefeasibilitymanifestos andreleases. financial press project,to ofthe ones, had the opportunity to consult the documents they owed lines, some guiding necessary for usually but later coding, tookthe form ofan extensive Even if I had time constraints Then, I devised an ethnographic otd o situating for opted I

s of the Komitato Giovani No Tav, a youth initiative, to activists coming from from coming activists to initiative, youth a Tav, No Giovani Komitato the of s - aae sca cne, ebr o te oa NTV omte ad non and committee NOTAV local the of members center, social managed .

I also conducted interviews, trying to cover a wider range of actors, from . These require a thorough knowledge of the geography of the

myself firmly in the field as a student/researcher. One of the the of One student/researcher. a as field the in firmly myself –

alternative tothecheckpoints routes by established themilitary

and sometimes it had been difficult to contact specific people ,

project, in order to grasp the embe promenad ing of M of ing 20 es around the construction site, and dinners or dinners and site, construction the around es ay I participated to participated I ay

produced

over the

participating participating to their surprise

years, from technical reports assemblies, demonstrations, assemblies, forces and authorities, their authorities, and forces dded ness of the struggle:

valley, valley, night night - CEU eTD Collection what happening is SusaValley. in on position their express officials which in videos and materials press analyzed I this, grasp to self the and demonstrations some after place took that arrests the and protest the of policing increased the between relation a endeavor my during formulated while why, is This development. researching the protest, a of special focus was the models Askatasuna self and be, should it what is, valley the what over sides both from Iand I haddo nothave confrontation. tomake onthis any sure influence ethnography, the outcomes of the interactions between will authorities and pr I as But behavior. of type similar any to faced was I when context th region, of missions or put them in any type of difficult e NOTAV protesters have a propensity for violence or dangerous situations. I was never in a in never was I situations. dangerous or violence for propensity a have protesters NOTAV e objectivity towards the protest. Plus, it involves high risks high involves it Plus, protest. the towards objectivity An important mention has to be made at this point. I considered the accusations of violence fined or arrested, to being exposed to physical hazards. I am not suggesting in any way that ,

to be one of the most relevant aspect of the m the of aspect relevant most the of one be to - identification of those activists with autonomous politics. To be To politics. autonomous with activists those of identification

s a subsequent research question research subsequent a s situation, situation, 21

and I explicitly wanted - managed social center, from Turin, : from being banned to enter the the enter to banned being from : aterialization of the disagreement the of aterialization . I wanted to understand the understand to wanted I otesters otesters are unpredictable

e describing be

to maintain a degree

in my my in able ,

CEU eTD Collection implementation level,a(6). “sound for governance structure” t of success ensuring for strategic cross bottlenecks, (the value added European highest the with existing and planned infrastructure, comprehensive a between distinction the makes which planning, level European the at patterns leadThis should toasmart, sustainable European growth. and inclusive multi addressing and identifying by developm network, links to the missing inbetween modes. transport for efficient infrastructure c moment that also marks the extension of reports 1996 the on based made is claim This levels. social and infrastructure, in the context urgencyfor the to referring by Itstarts objectives. and background trans the of development the for guidelines Union The - Trans modal capac modal What What has been described so far is put trans integrated and complete a “establish to is aim the Therefore, 2012 The ent of all transport modes oeig l Mme Sae ad ein ad rvdn te ai fr h balanced the for basis the providing and regions and States Member all covering e oiy eed hgl o a enocd oriain bt a a lnig n an and planning a at both coordination, reinforced a on highly depends policy he - European transport Network: Network: transport European Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parl European the of Regulation a for Proposal ity, with special consideration special with ity,

a multi a ould not of an internal market which features cohesion at economic, territorial - , modal mobility network mobility modal missing links, cross links, missing and

” ( and a cor

can be achieved through a dual a through achieved be can be be satisfied under 2). 2). The

the

list list of the priority projects to be executed. , in the document, e main main issue stressed is one. one. The latter 22

of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. emissions. gas greenhouse of reduction the of - - European transport network transport European border sections, bottle ne bottle sections, border policy as spatial order asspatial policy the

and a proper geographical coverage. geographical proper a and

current geographical fragmentation due

includes th

under the lab - border sections, missing links), missing sections, border

iament and of and iament on the increased traffic flows, traffic increased the on

network, consisting of all the the all of consisting network, a the layer “smooth functioning” of the of functioning” “smooth removal of major barriers,

TEN approach to conceptual to approach el of shift in transport - cks and the lack of of lack the and cks uoen transport European - T priority

states clearly its its clearly states the

Council. On Council. The

demand demand projects The The

CEU eTD Collection the of office statistical Europeanand maps of of thenetworks. the Union, the Eurostat, by published statistics the of adjustment continuous a syst information technical and geographical interactive the TENtec, using by order, spatial desired the towards progress the constantly report to have States Member quality and dis bottlenecks barriers, links, missing by characterized is and (3) capacity” modal connected, networked on based is development designates t that markers spatial the of overview an for grounds the set to order governance a legal entities,status with as structured are platforms These Platforms. Corridor for Coordinator European a designate to on least at in participating three least at include and States Member three methodological approach to planning, the core network corridor, that should cross through at least m infrastructure from entities, private and public other and authorities local and regional integrate to is proposal the only actors anymore involved in the development and management of the transport policy. ar states The implementation. and planning for rules existing the simplify to is suggestions whe sections, border ma single European parities The analysis of the documents elaborated by the Eu the by elaborated documents the of analysis The In order support to the traffic flows required by a cohesive economic, and social territorial a ise ecie a a rbe ta hs o e ake a te uoen level. European the at tackled be to has that problem a as perceived issue an , . As it can be be can it As . ngr t tasot operators. transport to anagers rket, the TEN the rket, re , coordinated

extracted from the the from extracted there are two Member States involved. For that matter, one of the the of one matter, that For involved. States Member two are there e

a corridor. The Commission, after consulting the states concerned, has has concerned, states the consulting after Commission, The corridor. iin f pc a fud chsv, moh itgae, flowing, integrated, smooth, cohesive, fluid, as space of vision - T is based on a coordinated approach, especially in the cross the in especially approach, coordinated a on based is T . This opposed is to a fragmented one, one which lacks “multi .

de scription I provided, the provided, I scription 23

rnpr mds wt ec Mme State Member each with modes, transport Furthe ropean Commission was necessary in necessary was Commission ropean rmore, em (46). (46). em it

proposal for infrastructure infrastructure for proposal s mlmne a new a implemented is e nrsrcue policy infrastructure he This further leads to leads further This e not e

The The The The - - CEU eTD Collection specifically, More order. police specific a into translate further which orders, reproducingand repression. domination implications, political have space imagining of ways different strategies, space, of nature his following by because is This valuable. extremely subjectivities, (2007 high Lyon ofr o plc a place as policy on offers ) T Since the NOTAV movement developed in opposition to the implementation of the Turin Axis( 6 Priority 2: Figure herefore - pe riwy pr o te uoen nrsrcue oiy I id h insights the find I policy, infrastructure European the of part railway, speed , Dikeç

policies

in his attempt to integrate R

ae a iia apoc o sae s o gvn bt produc but given, not as space on approach similar a takes

as an articulationan tentea.ec.europa.eu - aig a a ie f osat eoito an negotiation constant of site a as making,

of of spatial imaginations, ) 24 ancière

’s and play and concept of la police. He emphasizes that

eta rl n rdcn and producing in role central a

exploration of the processual the of exploration lead to

the creation of the creation spatial Dikeç ceto of creation d ’s d through ed

argument argument Dikeç

CEU eTD Collection of modes specific their Italy, organization in spent time my during noticed I As cause. the to affiliation possible was becoming in this way visible at a national an centers. self of emergence the of and strategy subversive a as squatting of practice the actuallyth is mention last This protests. students’ and workers mainlythe ‘70s, the of struggles the and ‘80s the during highway a of valley the in construction the to opposition w where re focusthe analysis my T Weall Black are intervention resistance sections following the imaginati European specific a creating of project the of intersection policies intervention, of geography orderpolicea articulatedinto is state the that idea the on rests urinese activists of Askatasuna r md t th to made ere

the interviews led me. While discussing how the movement or As I argue along the paper, the success of the protest was the ability to jump scales, scales, jump to ability the was protest the of success the paper, the along argue I As The actors involved in the NOTAV opposition movement are

ons, hs allowed This

as embedded into the everyday life, everyday the into embedded as

, self ,

because of the type of knowledge the autonomous activists brought through their their through brought activists autonomous the knowledge of type the of because deployed by the protesters. the by deployed pria rssac aant acs, uig h Scn Wrd a, another War, World Second the during fascism, against resistance partisan e - Block production and self and production

! n insistin and sts on them. on sts me to investigate the competing subjectivities that come out of the the of out come that subjectivities competing the investigate to me Détournement Détournement through the implementation, evolution and the consolidation of of consolidation the and evolution implementation, the through -

self o the on g

One of the reasons behind this choice follows from choice behindthis reasons ofthe One - - management are based on participatory modes of action of modes participatory on based are management defined as an

of of an My contribution rests in taking his argument further argument his taking in rests contribution My d international level. Partly, from my perspective, this irpin f h plc odr o the on order, police the of disruption

and and

25 i nstitutional profiling of profiling nstitutional

the antagonist network

position position

spatiality , which delineates the contours of a a of contours the delineates which , of the valley the of

and the counter the and iginated, the main references varied and limited not to the , but for the second part of

the NOTAV violence the NOTAV i n the geogr the n e starting point of point starting e - managed social social managed - geographical practice of of practice the point point the aphy of of aphy in

–

CEU eTD Collection 9 arresteddemo.after a NOTAV 2011 Perino Alberto to belongs Block” Black all are “We sentence The movement. the weakening of strategy authorities’ the as distinction this perceive They protesters. the with conversations my in heard I as category, “cattivi” the in put being activists Askatasuna the usually ones), distinctio the drawing by interventions state development. economic and security national for interest strategic of being as site construction the declares on based repression, police and militarization autonomous groups. information disseminate and people extended an in integrated squat. the of needs different the for method financing a as organized everyone, to open area. the of evolution any discuss to assembly popular a for initiative the launched with competition pugilistic Boxing) Antifa (Self Boxe Antifa Autogestita Popolare Palestra a up set they example, conflict deliberate through change envisioning

http://www.sicet.it/pages/urbanistica/leggi_urb/legge_443 ,

, one of the prominent figures of the movement, the of figures prominent the of one , during a torchlight procession in Turin, organized in solidarity with the with solidarity in organized Turin, in procession torchlight a during The second reason rests on rests The reason second

As it is showed along this chapt this along showed is it As n hc cper ad oig r patcd and practiced, are boxing and capoeira which in

Also, there are screenings, are there Also, network of grassroots movements, movements, grassroots of network

te self other

t he recent developments of the protest ofthe he developments recent

in order to create immediate solidarity networks with other other with networks solidarity immediate create to order in - aae gyms managed n between n a er, there is a discourse of legitimizing repressive legitimizing of discourse a is there er, 26 revised version of the of version revised - -

concerts 01.htm n eprmna mdl o cooperation of models experimental and

. In the Vanchiglia neighborhood they they neighborhood Vanchiglia the In .

“buoni e cattivi” (the good and the bad the and good (the cattivi” e “buoni whic , and dinners prepared by the activists, the by prepared dinners and , having a great a having h stated this in a speech from speech a in this stated h aspect that has an impact an has that aspect

raie n annual an organize

2001 Objective Law Objective 2001 - managed P managed that that

capacity to mobilize to capacity ha ve met increased metincreased ve

numerous ones who were who ones eople’s Gym Gym eople’s

They are They national national on

times times 9 . For For .

July

that the

CEU eTD Collection non 10 consequences. For the sake of the common good and better prospects for the future, Monti declares, the initial proposal, show that the positive impacts of the high h modifications profound after conducted studies, recent The purpose. this for meetings 182 organizing 2006 in Turin at formed Observatory Technical the consideration, into of opinions the forme diillegalitàe saracontrastata diviolenza ogniforma form of illegality allowed and any form of violence will be resisted” ( sus environmentally and justified economically are they for the urgent implementation of the works necessary, especially since it had been deliberated that Turin the on government the of position the expresses 2.1 particularA category withareflectionorder this onanarchismable tobe tosupplement and violence. social managed Brigades. Red the the and Perino the the of profiling certain an media

Special Report on NO TAV: http://video.repubblica.it/dossier/battaglia TAV: NO on Report Special - sara violence, as the as violence, - On the 2 the On In tollerata/89490/87883 d as expressed by institutional representatives. institutional by expressed as d the following the

activists affiliated activists the inhabitants and inhabitants the centers nd

After this analysis of discourses, I move to the historical context in which self which in context historical the Ito move discourses, analysis of Afterthis of March of representatives of the of representatives

offenders:

emerged section I focus on the perception of perception the on focus I section

2012

, Mario Monti, the Prime Minister of the Republic at that t that at Republic the of Minister Prime the Monti, Mario ,

and I situate Askatasuna in the field of autonomous politics, in politics, autonomous of field the in Askatasuna situate I and with a particular category, an ins an category, particular a of the local administrators of the Susa Valley have been taken taken been have Valley Susa the of administrators local the

Askatasuna, historic 27

al core of res of core al

anarcho - Lyon project Lyon

tainable. Each of the analyzed piece points out a out points piece analyzed the of Each “!). He mentions that during the years“!). thatduringthe He mentions - - ins - no the NOTAV the speed speed railway surpass any negative trumentaliz - ur tav/monti istance in Susa Valley: Susa in istance r Furthermore, “there Furthermore, ectionists, ectionists, “ 10 Non saranno pero consentite . He states the full support full the states He . - la ing faction that invites that faction ing - violence in violence tav - former andra ad been brought to brought been ad

- avanti

members

will be no be will the Italian the

- violenza Alberto Alberto ime,

of of - - ,

CEU eTD Collection 11 27 the On funding. European obtaining for deadline required the archeological site, as an attempt to stop the drilling works for the base tunnel, This2.3 is Palestine! legitimacy. basis strategic a on works perspective, his from valley, the in violence the words, other In invited. but of the fundamentalists of the Susa Valley’s municipalities, he stresses that they are not infi or notrepresented the thatisconsensus the violent faction whoare instrumentalizing by outsiders the golden share of the movement) 2010, after moment as Perino the positioning main actor, as “detiene he(holdsit lagoldenmovimento” puts share del the and valley, the of mayors the by governed 2010, before movement black anarchists, transmission the project follows. Out of 25 municipalities of the valley, 15 were against atit the moment of the Turin the for Observatory Technical the of chairman the Virano, Mario movement, NOTAV the to connected 2.2 categories” an that government, the of name the in

Rai3 transmission Rai3

Instrumentalized violence rgltd y h NTV omtes ih a with committees NOTAV the by regulated , When In May 2012 May In

will bewill repressed. 11 -

Lyon project, nodes puzzled. He repeatedly confirms, after which the descripthe repeatedlyHeafterwhich confirms, puzzled. Lyonnodes project, , in March 2012. March in , se aot h dsess vr h NT (e Lyon (New NLTL the over dissensus the about asked : - http://youtu.be/f6ju7OoSyhg lcs wo r te? e ae a clea a makes He they? are who blocks,

, the NOT the ,

AV activists set a permanent presidium in Chiomonte, next to the to next Chiomonte, in presidium permanent a set activists AV On the composition of the movement, Virano is asked, are they are asked, is Virano movement, the of composition the On

and

the Askatasuna activists

fr o resistance of form y 28

lucid r distinction between the NOTAV NOTAV the between distinction r seset uig t institutional its using assessment, . At the question, whether it is true ,

hc cms rm “particular from comes which th

of June though, aro though, June of - ui Ln) ad f t is it if and Line), Turin until until the 30 th und 2000 2000 und

ltrating, of June, tion of tion CEU eTD Collection 14 20593937/?ref=HREC2 13 12 internalization of enterprises terroriststate. attacks the over against prevention and order, public of issues with deals which agency enforcement law Italian ha La the to According Republica valley. the in localities the of two Avigliana, and Bussoleno between 2.4. Anarcho five people arreste and sides, both the on hurt, being people of hundreds with up ends conflict The jets. water gas, valley, Palestine. On the 3 in one the with Valley Susa the in situation the compared protesters the of some that mentions It movements and occupations), I read an article is initiative resistance Italian an movement. Maddalena the of Republic Free the people out of its parking lot, where the presidium was. After this, the place got the name military forces take by

htt http://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2011/08/18/news/denunciati_50_no_tav_per_il_blocco_del_tgv http://italycalling.wordpress.com/2011/07/03/civil ve been identified by Digos (The General Investigations and Special Operations Division), an Division), Operations Special and Investigations General (The Digos by identified been ve p://leg16.senato.it/leg/16/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/testi/32711_testi.htm the protesters trytake to over Maddalena, the police fighting back with rubber bullets, tear n oebr th November, In high the blocked activists 300 August, In 13 On the Italy Calling blog (Italian Tales of Oppression &

newspaper, 50 ofthenewspaper, NOTAVprotesters 50 - insurrectionists and terorrists d. rd -

2 of July,

assault Brucn gover Berlusconi e 14 a

the presidium, managing to take over the control of the site and push national national demo of support for which explicitly states that the construction site for Turin

undertaken (most prominent tag prominent (most undertaken that event being being event that - war mn issued nment

about about the happening, 29 - in - - valsusa considered a turning point in the history of the the historyof the in point turning a considered speed train coming from Paris, in the section the in Paris, from coming train speed

, ofeach 17anarcho around - repression

the NOTAV people takes place. In the the

decree -

against

being NO TAV, followed by followed TAV, NO being Resistance), updated any time called Civil War in Valsusa

for the development and and development the for - no - tav - movement/ - insurrectionists, - - Lyon link

of of the 12 .

CEU eTD Collection 15 article, the of historical theAskatasuna leader self same the in called, Rosetto, Giorgio and Brigades) Red the of member terrorist Italian (former O are 26 more activists that it is illegal to take area put under a military law: prison s is of strategic interest.

ne of them of ne http://www.corriere.it/cronache/12_gennaio_26/arresti is

“ Paolo Maurizio Ferrari, ex terrorista italiano appartenuto alle Brigate rosse Brigate alle appartenuto italiano terrorista ex Ferrari, Maurizio Paolo

arrested arrested

away

The The tress

any material from the construction site. under accusat the

- passers passers entence 3 from months to a year are to be subjected to the penalties that apply to any other ions of organized violence oforganized ions - 30 valsusa_49d72a9a

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CEU eTD Collection 16 a to Fordism from transition the against protest of waves 1970s the after mainly neoliberalism, Subversive actions in Italy: occupying empty buildings as performativea claim politics. profitability market to decision the where spaces, free creating from the governmental structures. ofthese The importance practices precisely is thepossibility of d for striving politics, of forms established the from detached initiatives, grassroots to refers it Furthermore, practices. everyday life and the uniform framework under which existence is being integrated in institutional rejecti the indicates It power. of microphysics the established beyond spaces free these by deployed strategies the extending for tools analytical offers connects concept The Movement. Autonomous decolonialization of everyday life, developed by Katsiaficas (2006) in his analysis of the European and produ of modes existing the subvert to actions creative of promoters the perspective, this in practices Roots not Rhizomes Make

I would prefer to talk about who we are, rather than who I am. I who wethan rather who are, would talk about to I prefer oenetl tutrs Drcl lne t ti tp o pltc i te ocp o the of concept the is politics of type this to linked Directly structures. governmental In Italy, t Italy, In become, centers social urban the practices, autonomous of locus the of prototypes the As “ Piu di

chi preferisco sono, diparlare dichisiamo… he self he

irect democracy and control over spatial and temporal dimensions, away dimensions, temporal and spatial over control and democracy irect – -

managed urban social centers social urban managed a shift in resistance practices that takes the everyday life into the field of of field the into everydaylife the takes that practices resistance in shift a

Anarchist spatialities and autonomous autonomous spatialities and Anarchist - making process is autonomous, without being without autonomous, is process making 31

private concerns to broade to concerns private

eme rged ” (RossettoG.) on of the commodification of the the of commodification the of on as a strategy of resistance against resistance of strategy a as r 16

societal aspects and and aspects societal

subjected ction

CEU eTD Collection It takes me to an intersection and I notice another trail of confetti, the carpet being replaced by cars it wheresee to Iit along walk Curious, streets pedestrian the of One buildings. between in streets small the on lost get I so before, there been not have I but website, their on address Ludoteca Popolare between place as self of social centers has been set, performative claim for the right to space (Mitchell 2003). Since 1985 onwards, a second generation party system and conflict, to a microphysics of power (Mudu 2004), squattransforming institutionalized the from away cities, within acting of way their readjusting groups grassroots vers use of issues focus private left extreme action, political for spaces t and unions workers’ of incapacity the and context this In 2006). (Katsiaficas repression government massive met movement the contestation, of means class struggle. agenda the betraying of accused one, Communist the including parties, political established s the of revolt a as started flexible regime of capital accumulation (Mudu 2004), of the uet t fmns initiatives feminist to tudents - - management selfmanagement and a i Trn tyn t fn Aktsn, n h Vnhgi ne Vanchiglia the in Askatasuna, find to trying Turin, in am I violent of use made which Brigades, Red the as such organizations, guerilla of Because we epy ulig, seily n working in especially buildings, empty owned -

specific struggles a specific struggles

and the sounds resistanceof us exchange value of land and the struggle to re to struggle the and land of value exchange us

workers, soon gathered soon workers, -

production, and Askatasuna included, -

nd theanti which coalesced against the economic restructuring and the the and restructuring economic the against coalesced which

leads, since I was already bored from searching the squat. squat. searchingthe from bored Ialreadywas sinceleads, - wing groups set up the strategy of occupying public or or public occupying of strategy the up set groups wing -

political political affinities on the left spectrum that mediates neoliberal counter 32

a cluster of autonomous groups autonomous of cluster a

building building up a network of shared characteristics, i s covered with a green carpet and confetti. confetti. and carpet green a with covered s - raditional left raditional class neighborhoods. This brought into into brought This neighborhoods. class

Autonomia Operaia - globalization movement. globalization - wing parties to devise new new devise to parties wing gbrod I on the found I ighborhood. - appropriate social time, time, social appropriate

movement. What -

from radical radical from ting ting into a

of of CEU eTD Collection the organized who ones the are they shop, that in work who people The neighborhood. that in that he is a way, language theRomanian body “you have for will towaitHe longfor that”. tellsme hisstory, slow a in hand his moves he and open to infoshop the for waiting so am I him told I Romania, conversation. from come both we that realize We there. doing am I what and from am I where mention to have I research, my during had I interactions other wake order in tocatch upearly inthe the morning train almost all Asin the from MeanatoTurin. it and March early is it explain to try I sad. soon open. struggle social and counterculture o take their on recentlypublished, center, by social curated II the thebook tobuy wanted stop there their because Facebookprofile. mentio is it as center, documentation Askatasuna’s Infoshop, Pazienza I findthe should Senza I that here remember and Artisti written isVia sign street I thatonthe see alone, car whom are accompanied by parents, handing balloons face other Some memories. childhood my from recognize I chi upbeat some procession, the follows behind the buildings. revealed is colors and sounds of explosion an and direction that into rush I crowd. a of noises mus hear I until blocks, several for traces colorful the follow to continue I case. this in The older The music The wave. and air the in confetti throw clowns which from float carnival a is It rying a small backpack, who follows the crowd from a margin. After some more rounds, barbone

(homeless), (homeless), he came to Italy many years before, so he knows what is happening n whom I saw before in the ‘carnival’ approaches me and asks me why I am I why me asks and approachesme ‘carnival’ the in before saw I whom n

n s. The place is closed, so I wait some minutes, hoping it will it hoping minutes, some wait I so closed, is place The s.

the NOTAV militancy and consult the collection of books on on books of collection the consult militancyand NOTAV the ldren songs mixed with disco and pop music, that I think that music, pop and disco with mixed songs ldren

33 still really cold outside and I am tired, havi tired, am I and outside cold really still

to them, - painted people play with the children children the with play people painted

and dancing. There is an older man,

we switch the language of of language the switch we ned in the description on description the in ned ic and the the and ic ng to to ng CEU eTD Collection conditions the created it Plus, politics. of perspective radical a and solidarity of degrees high on insisting actions as constituti centers, involved in NOTAVthe movement non and violent of keen both been has it if even self Reflections on anarchism for a disc atmosphere is playful; it is an atmosphere of joy, relaxation and celebration, rather than The one proper space. educational alternative an as neighborhood the in kids the for developed initiative painted on says home in covered tables and children, more with setting same the in walls, the over all content subversive with and I see all the windows and doors of the building wide open, NOTAV flags hanging and graffiti the hear on Saturdays late intheafternoon. shopopens the building covered fr in drawings. But I there, should better do something fromelse, from his perspective, come because they that mentions and street the of end the to points He parade. - I proceed, by using Springer’s (2012) manifesto for anarchist geography, on a reflectio a on geography, anarchist for manifesto (2012) Springer’s using by proceed, I managed social centers

Grateful, I go down the road, where I finally find Askatasuna. The gates are gates The Askatasuna. find finally I where road, the down go I Grateful, a face music from the outside and I see a constant flow of people coming and leaving. I enter enter I leaving. and coming people of flow constant a see I and outside the from music ussion on the NOTAV. I ontheNOTAV. ussion have chance will the todotha small poster, donations are welcomed. I mingle, talk wi talk mingle, I welcomed. are donations poster, small

of possibility for rhizomatic assemblages and a regime of representations that strives to aot h ocso ad fin I and occasion the about , ve of new subjectivities. It ’

practices andpractices how these play out anarchism around as strategy. This,

and geographical imaginations - made snacks and drinks, with no specified price, but as it it as but price, specified no with drinks, and snacks made , ot oe about more out d

has beenhas d

opened opened up the space for rejecting hierarchies, while 34 - violent actions, in the concrete case of the social social the of caseconcrete the in actions, violent

eployed eployed mainly as an attempt to use direct uoea Populare Ludoteca t during my time inthevalley.time t duringmy th some of the people with the with people the of some th

costumed characters, characters, costumed , one of their their of one , open m that om , I can can I , n

CEU eTD Collection a to them connect and movements grassroots different for agenda political common a codify can conce latter The particularity. and universality between debate (2001) Harvey’s is account this for Relevant technology. information of use the with networks self action, direct of strategies their through political the into personal the of translation their of because movement, NOTAV the of context appearance the of disruption the runs counter agonism, to antagonism spa agonistic an of form the in ends, rule, of system a (not democracy of version radicalized a of adoption the is Springer by portrayed solution The domination self and institutionalization the of aim main the since anarchismalternative geographical offers imaginations include the ones made invisible or silent by the partitioning of the police order. In this sense, it can be said that it is a manner of militating for a non a for militating of manner a is it that said be can it sense, this In and assigned categories of belonging” (1607). (1607). ofbelonging” categories assigned and soverei of presence the from free and to opposition in assembled voluntarily are affinities and bonds, solidarities, wherein entities, autonomous between connections “under

over h cs of case The

to a kliocpc ptaiis ht lo fr utpe non multiple, for allow that spatialities kaleidoscopic as stood

connects it to directpraxis. to connects anarchist it action, as the notion of militant particularism, in his attempt to point out the dialectic relationship

th but a mode of power) which power) of mode a but enature very ofanarchy, Thisanarchist presents iseliminated. vision po h se the

oenetl re, thro order, governmental

from which violence, since it it since violence, which from lf - aae sca centers social managed , -

aae sca cnes s h rjcin f exp of rejection the is centers social managed inherent in the disciplinary logic of logic disciplinary the in inherent e rltoa ad processual). and (relational ce

conceives the political as pe as political the conceives 35 - aaeet n cpct t cet extensive create to capacity and management ugh dissensus. Its grounding in the space of of space the in grounding Its dissensus. ugh

s xrml itiun, f iutd n the in situated if intriguing, extremely is

implies pt, if translated into universal principles, principles, universal into translated if pt,

gn violence, predetermined norms, norms, predetermined violence, gn

some form of domination of form some - hierarchical, and protean protean and hierarchical,

governmental structures. governmental - suggests rmanent means without without means rmanent violent mode of action, of mode violent As Springer states,

h shif the loitation, loitation, litics aslitics

from t which

CEU eTD Collection relations. continuously build moments of institutional clashes that lead towards cracks in the capitalist power politi autonomous of purpose the because is This militant. autonomous or revolutionary any to give could he advice best the “ of possibility into focus. He uses the example of the t - which offers the i that subversion of element performative dim contestation grounded spatially at point unmediated spaces for contestation. The strategies used by these actors, organized as direct actions, politics. of terrain the envisioned, precisely This politics. wider in embedded be can which discourse, coherent a into intermingle particularisms i brought that the field of the everyday life as themain aimi world, social the reconstruct and reimagine to tools new is result The struggle. of terrain broader

m rather than activist than rather eglio un cattivo processo che un bel funerale

atclr rsros movement grassroots particular Performing a spatially grounded expression of social justice, resistance practices gain an an gain practices resistance justice, social of expression grounded spatially a Performing He insists on the necessity of a long revolution, since the personal is political, which means

nto the public contestation of the existing order. This is possible when multiple militant multiple when possible is This order. existing the of contestation public the nto

The perspective of radical politics, as means and not ends, is based on pr on based is ends, not and means as politics, radical of perspective The as and change, since the militant particularism is seen as a translation of the perso the of translation a as seen is particularism militant the since change, and

aes f eito, ewe dfeet act different between mediation, of layers possibility of becoming. s to change ourselves by changing theworld.changing s tochangeourselves by ension of emancipatoryension politics. -

because it implies sacrifice, commitment and organization, brings the idea the brings organization, and commitment sacrifice, implies it because Following from Following ntegrates the creative acts of Askatasuna activists Askatasuna of acts creative the ntegrates cs is to be inside the movements, be inside the conflicts in order to order in conflicts the inside be movements, the inside be to is cs -

as local solidarities and collectivities

hrfr, a b si t functio to said be can therefore, this, I argue that argue I this, Rossetto, Rossetto, one of the militants etne i ntok o resistance, of networks in extended , ” ” (better a vicious trial than a nice funeral) as being 36

imes when he saw self r, h psil socio possible the ors, - managed social managed

, as he prefers to call himself

written on the prison walls: -

has to has be penetrated and a a eitr more mediator, a as n

centers function as function centers

into a heterotopia a into

and take on the the on take and - axis, on direct on axis, spatial orders orders nal in nal

CEU eTD Collection metropolis militants autonomous of reality a rhizomatic a in incorporated and distributed that positions of ways possible multiple redefine They making. the re of regime certain a to according distributed and defined already NOTAV movement, that exploitation, instit domination, organization, of visions hierarchical disrupt to tries and rejects that contestation, of story complex more a difference. counter as urban the use that actions through their The attempt to the decolonization of the everyday life is not only about the personal; it tells –

our cityTurin”. of

forms and modesof utionalization and violence. t he activists createand new scales sites of emerge struggleand notasbeings a

il o expe of field

, working, constructing and planning alternatives in a capitalist a in alternatives planning and constructing working, ,

being political usedby theAskatasuna - eeoi mdain aes ht lo fr isn and dissent for allow that layers mediation hegemonic riences connected to a network type geography of of geography type network a to connected riences

spatiality.

Therefore, in the conclusion of 37

As Rossetto puts it: “Who are we? We are We arewe? “Who it: puts Rossetto As presentations, but as beings in beings as but presentations, are assembled, generated, generated, assembled,

this this analysis, I claim in the context of the CEU eTD Collection 17 t some of the keywords. On the gras are some leaflets, books and brochures. Anarchism, communism, revolution, struggle, freedom are there square, the of corner other the In inscription. NOTAV the with accessories and flags items, earlier and I explore the surroundings. Immediately next to the station th stop of the read I cause. the former a friend, respectable her to me introduce will she me everywhere,evengarbage onthe bins. Finestre delle street, main the along walk I graffiti. NOTAV more see could I lot parking the in and hall onthemountain is still years later after the events described in the intermezzo, I return to Meana. I can notice that the sign experience. their narrate to militants the from attempt an be to this consider the of one NOTAVcommittees, the Clarea in Passegiatta -

shirts withthe NOTAVsymbol.shirts Promenade i Promenade My host, this time, has an entire collection of news articles about the issue and promises and issue the about articles news of collection entire an has time, this host, My valley the visits everywhich becauseI afrom isnot used specificsubtitle, group this time railway

My initiation on the territory of the struggles was set in that exact same space. same exact that in set was struggles the of territory the on initiation My n Clarea n , which is part of the of part is which ,

about a new demonstration so I decide to take the train to Chiomonte, the next next the Chiomonte, to train the take to decide I so demonstration new a about

from Turin to Bardonecchia, and participate to the Iprotest. arrive half an hour

s and the number of flags increased significantly. On the walls of the town ofthe thewalls increasedOn flags significantly. of and thenumber s 17 : the locals take on take : thelocals

s, s, people are painting their faces, preparing the flags, putting on Giro d’Italia Giro main

activities that are planned is the promenade in Clarea. promenadein the is areplanned that activities 38

route, and I see the same protes same the see I and route,

(over?)

school

the valley

teacher, who is supportive of supportive is who teacher, resistance through a spatial spatial a through resistance ere is a stand with clothing

t signs displayed displayed signs t Colle Colle

Two

I CEU eTD Collection check a is There forces. the by stopped are we soon but site construction the towards heading is crowd The tents. the from us join more some camping, people are There project. that stop to tried which one the of beginning the at formed opposition, initial the of core The protesters. connects the valley to France. As I was told in my interviews, it is a strategic point for the NOTAV field some cross We appear. movement protest the of signs more and more on, point this From NOTAV. written furtherwill my appear during fieldwork. invaders the against mountains the and territory the defending about freedom, legacies of the valley is the resistance against the fascist regime, during that time. It is a story about experience to was I As minutes town leavethe to passively.watchareaboutWhenwe just of the procession, there is a band singing partisan songs. Some of the locals greet the crowd, others contrasting image; the bluehelmets offlags. themultitude nextto cream or a sandwic ce town the to entrance the and more people arrive gatheri friendly a about think me makes atmosphere the and Sunday is It scarves. people, from children to teenagers, adults, elders and an impressi At the confines of the town, on the road sign that marks the exit from Chiomonte, it is it Chiomonte, from exit the marks that sign road the on town, the of confines the At front In Chiomonte. of streets narrow the to descend we and organizing starts crowd The There are groups everywhere, nobody stands Ialone. am amazed about the diversity of the -

everyone starts singing s, under the Turin the under s,

somewhere further from the train station, at the intersection of the national road h . I

arabinieri it on rgt nex right point

later, this is a recurrent happening, since one of the main historical main the of one since happening, recurrent a is this later, nter. There is a bar, as well, so everyone stops for a coffee, an ice ice an coffee, a for stops everyone so well, as bar, a is There nter. Bella Ciao

- arrive in large numbers, and people start taking pictures of that Bardonecchia highway built in the ‘80s, another artery which artery another ‘80s, the in built highway Bardonecchia t te il wih hy ogt olciey rm the from collectively bought they which field the to t

, an Italian partisan song from the Second World War. 39

the en the ve number of dogs, with NOTAV

tire walk took lessthan walk tiretook the ‘90s, coincided with coincided ‘90s, the , a comparison that that comparison a , ng. More and More ng. twenty police

CEU eTD Collection authorities, students. There squatters,theactors are other theater fromclosed an down by occupied been which had the knowledge. their share to come who visitors various are there assemblies, the and committees struggle. for open is valley the September to June posters the of one resists), during the station,tocatch the lasttrain back toMeana,again, onlytoreturn August2012, in there, once to run to had I Unfortunately, presidium. NOTAV a up set they where municipality, Chiomonte the annual summer camp. Organizedthe slogan under Figure 3: 3: Figure N OTAV Camp Announcement ( Announcement Camp OTAV

(see Figure 3) Figure (see

published on the notav.info website mentions that from that mentions website notav.info the on published notav.info 40

Besides the eveni the Besides )

La valleLa che resista ng gatherings of the popular the of gatherings ng

(The valley

that

CEU eTD Collection European Commission’s level, in a dual procedures for the implementation of the trans co of policy a for need the of expression Hungary, border the reach to has and Lyon from starts which axis railway the sicklthe Mirroring movements: policy, territory, resistance anyrisks. the follow can I which from enough, comfortable position a was what than mountains, the of paths wood the in disappear small the with familiar them, of most Then, fences. the cut simply stone with checkpoints the attack and sites working the guard who forces police the confront then though, ritual a as Almost dancing.start people Turin the of situation the on updates that werewashes and provided, decide they When other. each to hours for talk still people finishing, After welcomed. are donations course, of but no day, every meals cooked are There happens. particular in nothing the town. A small river passes by, at the end of the camp, and I usually sit there, after lunch, when source open software. the to reference cola, Ubuntu trade fair special a and soda wine, beer, sells that The Turin The and actions, subversive type, any of resistance on lecture a or debate a after Usually, bar a even is there electricity, showers, improvised provided, is needed is that Everything

The The ones who have cars always give a ride to those who came by train and have to reach e

- Lyon high Lyon it is s. It is easy to see what is happening from the camp, but I never got closer closer got never I but camp, the from happening is what see to easy is It s.

the

time to do something else, one by one, everyone goes to the two sinks two the to goes everyone one, by one else, something do to time - speed railway is integrated in the TEN the in integrated is railway speed their

own dishes. - Lyon project, there is a concert or music is turned on and on turned is music or concert a is there project, Lyon - layer

a - pproach pproach to planning, consisting of a comprehensive European European transport network 41

ights end with a group of protesters going to going protestersof group a with end ights - modality. ,

in between thehammer T - e tep t fcltt the facilitate to attempt he

T priority project number 6, 6, number project priority T money is required for food, food, for required is money

with Ukraine, through through Ukraine, with s

was attranslated, the interactions, without without interactions,

and s , or , CEU eTD Collection the mo each of a as CIPE, the inter by 2011 in approved being project preliminary the municipality, Maddalena the in Chiomonte, offer the proper compensations. companies was (LTF) Feroviaire Turin built) Maurienne connecting of section project. the in involved stakeholders the all together brings that status, legal a with entity governance a links, cross priorities because they cross a least at have and modes, transport and States Member three least at include to has it requirements: following the meet to having each corridors, network core in divided been has it Methodologically, network. mobility multi afor projectsstrategic the includesit and oneoverlayscomprehensive the mentions, (all the existing and planned in

working site was establis was site working

spatially embedded spatially ,

and links with the historic lines that were upgraded recently. upgraded were that lines historic the with links and

There is a constant movement of the c this In (defined as having the highest European added value)

- dification brought to the project. the to brought dification in France, to Susa - border border sections and multi

that the - ministerial committee forministerial economicplanning. hapter, I focus explicitly on the Turin the on explicitly focus I hapter,

had to acquire the areas in which the construc the which in areas the acquire to had two urban nodes. urban two address

mirroring movement of the located and relocated construction sites, and sites, construction relocated and located the of movement mirroring hed in hed , on the Italian side frastructure) network and a core one. The latter, as the 2011 proposal

rae i 2001 in created the most important compone On

the the Italian side, the expl

The railway includes a 57 km base tunnel from Saint Jean de Jean Saint from tunnel base km 57 a includes railway The Chiomonte, - modal nodes. For each corridor a platform had been devised, - most most representative I border section. The corridors are considered to be be to considered are corridors The section. border t

is 42 -

most of the of most (where an international passenger station is to be rele s jit etr o te oh tts railway states’ both the of venture joint a as

vant - Lyon high Lyon for this this for orations for the tunnel are situated near nts of the TEN , which was devised with the purpose major

NOTA tion sites are to be initiated, and initiated, be to are sites tion to emphasize the fact that once that fact the emphasize to - speed railway, a cross border cross a railway, speed NOTAV demos and initiative initiative and demos NOTAV

For its construction, L construction, its For V initiatives, in the valley, - T: bottlenecks,

corridor missing - modal yon CEU eTD Collection system it tav: no just not it’s struggle justicesocial of pursuit and the privatization against struggle the workplaces, better for demand the and environment the of defense movement, right pe of range larger a represent could that claims new insert to easier it making appropriates, for NOTAV that discourse the of augmentation capacity the to linked is mobilization The integrated. groups newest the of one are collectives students’ autonomous assembly technical a as starting movement the justice, environmental and development sustainable a for proposals to path the opening organizations, interv exterior the opposing of ways as protests using belonging, territorial a on based together get that groups structured, weakly but organized, as described be can which municipalities, NOTAV the all in fences thesite protecting the aside pushing land, the occupied They participated. people 30.000 of number estimated an managed to push away the protester in the history of the NOTAV movement as the Free Republic of Venaus. Some days after the police of occupation the to lead which Venaus proclaimed. confrontati Venaus in place took 2011 until that w ere directed to that particular part of the valley. valley. the of part particular that to directed ”

The movement is not only locally based locally only not is movement The . permanent permanent

ons between police and protesters which after the Free Republic of the Maddalena was A similar situa similar A nin t te ult o lf. t lo oprts lsl wt environmental with closely cooperates also It life. of quality the to entions presidium ,

and re tion tion , in order to prepare the territory for the the for territory the prepare to order in , became contagious because it represents a radical critique of the the of critique radical a represents it because contagious became

- the terrain for the construction site. This encounter is celebrated celebrated is encounter This site. construction the for terrain the happened established thepresidium. s, a demonstration is organized, from Susa to Venaus, at which te emnn NTV rsdu ad h violent the and presidium NOTAV permanent the ,

in 2005, 2005, in 43 , directed by the popular committees, established committees, popular the by directed ,

This is the case with the the with case the is This . As Pe As . after the surprise attack of the police of police the of attack surprise the after –

rino beautifully puts it puts beautifullyrino

aia. qatd social Squatted Habitat. ople ople preliminary exploration preliminary –

annual opposition to the far the to opposition : “ summer camp summer The

centers NOTAV

and the the s, -

CEU eTD Collection projects/doc/pp_report_low_final.pdf 18 to was Virano, Mario role, chairman’s The is revealed in the Progress Report (2012: 68) on the implementation of the TEN Observatory was established, as a response t project preliminary 2003 the incident, Venaus the is ours). no e “Lavalle slogan the from obvious becomes it as citizens, the and processes institutio the between distance greater even an sets it because decisions, the of legitimation co territorial area. metropolitan the of One of the main fears is that the valley is becoming a transit zone, a services corridor, an extension further while budget, public sustaining the expenses for the the Italian part of to the high made crisis, debt European the with faced government, processits of polic and state the against protests become projectthe against protests the when evident becomesmore TAV, with each of it having its own agenda and plan of action. The earlier described coordination Susa the in towns and villages different the separates consisted made been decide to had movemen the of coordination

http://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/infrastructure/ten In the same time, each violent confrontation meets a reaction from the authorities. After authorities. the from reaction a meets confrontation violent each time, same the In cont The

By looking at the structure of the organization, it can be noticed that there is a certain a is there that noticed be can it organization, the of structure the at looking By fit t a opsto aant multi a against opposition an to nflict, whether to support or not the project. project. the not or support to whether radictions that the struggle try struggle the that radictions y - making. making.

in establishing

It also reveals that the protest becomes even more complex, from a a from complex, more even becomes protest the that reveals also It

t. First of all, the local administrations local the all, of First t.

meeting

take into consideration all the concerns and opinions opinions and concerns the all consideration into take o the opposition of the inhabitants of the valley s

- to stress result from the recent cuts that the Italian the that cuts recent the from result stress to of the mayors with the with mayors the of t 44 - implementation/priority

had been abandoned, and in 2006 a Technica a 2006 in and abandoned, been had The process through which this decision this which through process The - sp Valley in two categories: NO or SI (pro) (pro) SI or NO categories: two in Valley eed rai - ee gvrac ta dmnse the diminishes that governance level lway that will not benefit the v -

of the villages in in villages the of popular - T priority projects. committees. This committees. stra” (The valley valley (The stra” the valley valley the 18 alley.

as it had nal l

CEU eTD Collection and exceptional theprovisional this, real to enunciationresorting By any (40). without reference” which logic and praxis blur with each other and a pure violence without logo exception of state the case, every In exception. an produce to application, pure force realizesa normwhose oflaw, has application been suspended a and separation their reveal norm and application which in space a of opening “the exception, maki by understood better be can situation The Piedmont. of region the from banned being or arrested being people more and more with movement, but under the new law, the militarization of the area started (della Porta & Diani 2006), railways the and highways the Blocking moment. that until deployed tactics the with continue to protesters the for 201 of that mark the places through which the future high fences the off cutting railways, sites, construction highways, occupying of mainly consist which support ofthe government’s theproject side. from Rome in agreement, bilateral new a sign Italy and France year, interest theTurin mentioned Susa. The exploration works for the tunnel are situated near Maddalena. After the 2011 ( to moves focus the and postponed are tunnel the on works the to presented utt rd n h riwy rjc, s h fnaet for fundament the as project, railway the on ered 1, the construction site had been put under a special law, making it in this way impossible impossible way this in it making law, special a under put been had site construction the 1, This means that in order to apply a norm it is ultimately necessary to suspend its its suspend to necessary ultimately is it norm a apply to order in that means This The police makes use of diverse strat ) opposition, opposition, the Berlusconi government issued the decree which reiterates the strategic all the interested parties interested the all , -

Lyon and occupying the construction sites have proved proved have sites construction the occupying and railwayrepresents for .

The concept of phasing the works is introduced, therefore introduced, is works the phasing of concept The ng reference to Agamben’s (2005) concept of state of of state of concept (2005) Agamben’s to reference ng egies and violent methods to stop the

the ItalianIn economic development. January, next 45 - speed train will pass. Starting from the summer

nw rlmnr project preliminary new a conne , and Monti announces the full the announces Monti and , cting the historic railway at railway historic the cting efficient for the NOTAV NOTAV the for efficient ” .

” s claims to realize an marks a threshold at threshold a marks demonstrations ht had that the already already to be be ,

CEU eTD Collection 19 unless one aI could resident. prove is estimate cannot howmanywere people surroun was held, was event the where castle the around area The attend. to allowed were project the supporting those only that fact the with unsatisfied were they and restricted, been had conference organized. was demo NOTAV protesters’ perspective) articl Virano” di th of targetsmain the interests of industry and future beneficiar Transpada and Transalpine LTF, authorities, local and regional national, Commission, European the Observatory, Technical the Brinkhorst, together brings platform The parts. road the and link of the efforts to manage, in a more efficient manner, the corridor limi the of status suspension own its through unclassifiablebeing, an producing individual, legal any erasing radically of possibility the offers beings living encompasses stres Agamben that exception of state the of dimension biopolitical a is There governance. of technique a into transformed is measure

http://www.notav.info/tag/nelcantieredivirano/ t. es and the documentation that function as evidence of the absurdity of the of absurdity the of evidence as function that documentation the and es

When ViranoWhen came toSusa,inFebruary 2013,topresent of the final theproject,a version Lyon the time, same the Around ded by police by ded 19

(on

iaos osrcin ie o te OA wbae wih otis l the all contains which webpage, NOTAV the of site) construction Virano’s

e NOTAV institutional critique, as it is revealed in the section “Nel cantiere cantiere “Nelsection the revealedin is it ascritique, institutional NOTAV e forces and fences. It was not allowed to cross beyond the limit imposed, limit the beyond cross to allowed not was It fences. and forces .

h poetr were protesters The ses, in the sense that the original structure in which law law which in structure original the that sense the in ses, -

ies ies of the railway). Turin Corridor Platform is established is Platform Corridor Turin a tee w big gnis which agencies being two (these na 46

uiu bcue h acs t te press the to access the because furious h Euro the

These These levels also represent, roughly, –

the existing line, the new railway pean Coordinator, Laurens Jan Jan Laurens Coordinator, pean and it defines the law's law's the defines it and

there

projec as an expression expression an as , but the small , butthe small ersn the represent t

(from the (from CEU eTD Collection press the attended who ones the conferenceduring had cut been of tires car the of some later, read I As cars. some behind hiding symbols, NOTAV the displayingyoungsters, some castle, the to route access other the on accompanied by a teenager who carries a red flag with the people twenty around only are there and darker Itgets man shortly. replying somebody time, to time from laugh, and piemontese f arealready there and ends, Afterthis group the initiates dance. The others clap, following therhythm at ofthe music,smiling the view. from the other side of the barricade. Someone starts playing the accordion, some folk songs, and a fight forterritory. thefuture the of defend versions different hear I me around Everywhere them. to talking started police, the facing fences, the to close were who people point, that At colder. go People scarf. or flag NOTAV full. was school the and church the of front in square i dalla Val Susa!

the interest of the politicians, of the corrupt ones? They should join the people’s side and and side people’s the join should They ones? corrupt the of politicians, the of interest the From From time to time, the police forces are changed by the new

dialect. dialect. I do not understand what she is saying, but I notice that everyone listens to her ”

(Take your hands off the Susa Valley!). It goes on like this for some minutes.

that Saturday. t tired after hours of waiting, and outside it became colder and and colder became it outside and waiting, of hours after tired t

ewer people, a woman makes jokes, speaking loudly in the the in loudlyspeaking jokes, makeswoman a people, ewer

As alw As

left of the same question: how come they can can they come how question: same the of

. In a corner, a In . hammer and sickle. When I leave, I see Some people start screaming: start people Some ays, almost everyone pre everyone almost ays, ly

arrived. Ther the woman, now silent, is silent, now woman, the e is no reaction sent had sent “ G iù

le a

CEU eTD Collection metropolis. t competitivity based on social and economic development. This is exactly what the protesters reject, spatial a as integrated, not as valley the to hints policy the in inclusion Susa the Since elements. of coherent distribution a to space fragmented a from transition the of expression the becomes six, number Turin the value, added European high interconnectedness, fluidity, smoothness. Because it is a cross and repression. authorities suppo the and forces police the territory, their defend to right the to claim their on Based confrontation. of moment the in instantiated practices articulated the on dependent highly Itis becomesblurred. re partisan the of fierce opposition to a project that is perceived as a countless invasion of an outsider, as in the times informa the applauding with an extreme enthusiasm. What happened in that particular moment summed up all entirely hidden a under multitude of white with flags the NOTAV red letters, started cheering and made Perino When relevant. extremely be to protest, movement NOTAV the of leader the as designated is who one the from coming C e iin f h vle a a ordr a pc i bten hc i js te xeso o the of extension the just is which between in space a corridor, a as valley the of vision he oncluding Reflections oncluding h Erpa ifatutr plc i bsd n sail mgnto wih is for aims which imagination spatial a on based is policy infrastructure European The At theend of myIethnographic journey consider tion I gathered from the protesters the from gathered I tion

sistance against fascism. The barrier betwee barrier The fascism. against sistance rtive ofthe high

- speed railway become agents illegitimate project ofdomination - Lyon high Lyon

hs ttmn i Trn te rw, hc ws almost was which crowd, the Turin, in statement this Valley is situated in between the two urban nodes, its nodes, urban two the between in situated is Valley ’

48 side; it emphasized the collective indignation, the indignation, collective the emphasized it side; -

speed

railway the statement “We arethe all Black - n what is legitimate and what is not, not, is what and legitimate is what n border sec , integrated in the priority project priority the in integrated , tion, tion, considered as having

barrier to the European the to barrier Block”, CEU eTD Collection may toa painfullysimilar seem reversed to grasp as the translation of the specific assemblages I identified during my analysis. a as reject. they orders police of type these which refers to the NOTAV events not asonly reflections, but also as dependent and produced by the required context. This is why I talk years. 20 the and protest The resistance. which from ofamarket the perspective singleEuropean have tobe intimate relation they developed with the territory, NOTAV isthe the people specificonly authorities. Whatis networks reproducedby the to be can mountains the of asbestos and reports on the negative effect of the drills on the water resources, on the alarming leve countless the in included knowledge of type The opposition. the allyin main their becoming it of transform that knowledge in ta of type knowledge that comes out of a a direct interaction with the mountains and the valley. is it those, include not do documents official The intentions. subversive with used fo the valley,the through why,promenades in This is the statistics. moment articulated in networks of social r social of networks in articulated moment and maps through drawn intervention of geography the reject supporters NOTAV The This is not all that can be said about the overlapping between the policy, territory and and territory policy, the between overlapping the about said be can that all not is This a particular unfolding of movements The struggle struggle The went

through fluctuating cycles of intensity, adapting its tactics based on based tactics its adapting intensity, of cycles fluctuating through ctics of resistance, space and a counter first proposal of a European transport network go back go network transport European a of proposal first ,

r h saitc o te nrae dmn fr fiin traffic efficient for demand increased the on statistics the or ed Since I clearly mention that place in this research is taken is research this in place that mention clearly I Since

in the last section about the mirroring type of détournement

and events elations and understandings, and elations 49

the strong identification to its sinuous striations .

and put it

into into rests and alternative roads, are alternativeare roads,and rests smoothed out. smoothed - a partitioning of the sensible geographical representation In the end, t

I consider this paper this consider I

The The protesters l s movements, movements,

of uranium he for

attempt

almost almost ,

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