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Demographic Analysis of Small Populations Using the Own-Children Method
10.1177/1525822X04269172ChildsFIELD METHODS / DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SMALL POPULATIONS Demographic Analysis of Small Populations Using the Own-Children Method GEOFF CHILDS Washington University This article discusses the own-children method, a reverse-survival technique devised by demographers to estimate Total Fertility Rates in the absence of detailed data on reproduction. The method is useful for researchers such as anthropologists since the basic data requirements can be met through a household survey. It can help researchers answer key questions concerning population processes within well- delineated social, cultural, economic, and political contexts. The author uses a his- torical tax register from Tibet to illustrate the steps taken when using the own- children method. Keywords: fertility; own-children method; demography; anthropology; Tibet Anthropologists have a long-standing interest in population issues, yet until comparatively recently have lacked many of the tools and interdisciplinary connections to fully exploit their engagement with formal demographic anal- ysis. The rise of microdemographic fieldwork approaches (Caldwell, Hill, and Hull 1988; Axinn, Fricke, and Thornton 1991) and the convergence of anthropology and demography have improved matters considerably, result- ing in research that bridges methodological and theoretical chasms (e.g., Greenhalgh 1995; Kertzer and Fricke 1997b; Basu and Aaby 1998). One notable shortcoming of this convergence has been the tendency for demogra- phers to relegate anthropological contributions to the domain of qualitative I would like to thank Rebecca Kippen and Peter McDonald of the Australian National University for recommending OCM, and especially M. Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi and Heather Booth for their cogent methodological advice. The three anonymous reviewers for this journal went beyond the call of duty in their critical readings of the draft. -
Vegetarian Starter Guide
do good • fEEL GREAt • LOOK GORGEOUS FREE The VegetarianSTARTER GUIDE YUM! QUICK, EASY, FUN RECIPES +30 MOUTHWATERING MEATLESS MEALS EASy • affordABLE • inspirED FOOD Welcome If you’re reading this, you’ve already taken your first step toward a better you and a better world. Think that sounds huge? It is. Cutting out chicken, fish, eggs and other animal products saves countless animals and is the best way to protect the environment. Plus, you’ll never feel more fit or look more fabulous. From Hollywood A-listers like Kristen Bell and Ellen, to musicians like Ariana Grande and Pink, to the neighbors on your block, plant-based eating is everywhere. Even former president Bill Clinton and rapper Jay-Z are doing it! Millions of people have ditched chicken, fish, eggs and other animal products entirely, and tens of millions more are cutting back. You’re already against cruelty to animals. You already want to eat healthy so you can have more energy, live longer, and lower your risk of chronic disease. Congratulations for shaping up your plate to put your values into action! And here’s the best part: it’s never been easier. With this guide at your fingertips, you’re on your way to a fresher, happier you. And this is just the start. You’ll find more recipes, tips, and personal support online at TheGreenPlate.com. Let’s get started! Your Friends at Mercy For Animals reinvent revitalize rewrite rediscover your routine. With the your body. Healthy, plant- perfection. This isn’t about flavor. Prepare yourself easy tips in this guide, based food can nourish being perfect. -
The Ideological Origins of the Population Association of America
Fairfield University DigitalCommons@Fairfield Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Publications Sociology & Anthropology Department 3-1991 The ideological origins of the Population Association of America Dennis Hodgson Fairfield University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/sociologyandanthropology- facultypubs Archived with permission from the copyright holder. Copyright 1991 Wiley and Population Council. Link to the journal homepage: (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/padr) Peer Reviewed Repository Citation Hodgson, Dennis, "The ideological origins of the Population Association of America" (1991). Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Publications. 32. https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/sociologyandanthropology-facultypubs/32 Published Citation Hodgson, Dennis. "The ideological origins of the Population Association of America." Population and Development Review 17, no. 1 (March 1991): 1-34. This item has been accepted for inclusion in DigitalCommons@Fairfield by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Fairfield. It is brought to you by DigitalCommons@Fairfield with permission from the rights- holder(s) and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Ideological Origins of the Population Association of America DENNIS HODGSON THE FIELD OF POPULATION in the United States early in this century was quite diffuse. There were no academic programs producing certified demographers, no body of theory and methods that all agreed constituted the field, no consensus on which population problems posed the most serious threat to the nation or human welfare more generally. -
Modeling Population Dynamics
Modeling Population Dynamics Gary C. White INTRODUCTION Population modeling is a tool used by wildlife managers. At its simplest, population modeling is a book keeping system to keep track of the four components of population change: births, deaths, immigration, and emigration. In mathematical symbolism, a population model can be expressed as Nt+1 = Nt + Bt - Dt + It - Et . Population size (N) at time t+1 is equal to the population size at time t plus births (B) minus deaths (D) plus immigrants (I) minus emigrants (E). The simplicity of the relationship belies its usefulness. If you were managing a business, you would be interested in knowing how much money was being paid out of the business, relative to how much money was coming in. The net difference represents your “profit”. The same is true for managing a wildlife population. By knowing the net change in the size of the wildlife population from one year to the next, you as a wildlife manager know whether the population is “profitable” (i.e., gaining in size), or headed towards bankruptcy (i.e., becoming smaller). Two examples will demonstrate typical uses of population models in big game management. In November 1995, voters in Colorado passed an amendment to the state’s constitution that outlawed hunting black bears during spring. Wildlife managers were asked if the bear population would increase because of no spring harvest. A population model can be used to answer this question. The second example of the use of a model is to determine which of two management schemes (e.g., no antlerless harvest versus significant antlerless harvest) will result in Modeling Population Dynamics – Draft May 6, 1998 2 the largest buck harvest in a mule deer population. -
The Origins and Impact of Environmental Conflict Ideas
STRATEGIC SCARCITY: THE ORIGINS AND IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT IDEAS Elizabeth Hartmann Development Studies Institute London School of Economics and Political Science Submitted for the degree of PhD 2002 1 UMI Number: U615457 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615457 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 rM£ S£S F 20 ABSTRACT Strategic Scarcity: The Origins and Impact of Environmental Conflict Ideas Elizabeth Hartmann This thesis examines the origins and impact of environmental conflict ideas. It focuses on the work of Canadian political scientist Thomas Homer-Dixon, whose model of environmental conflict achieved considerable prominence in U.S. foreign policy circles in the 1990s. The thesis argues that this success was due in part to widely shared neo-Malthusian assumptions about the Third World, and to the support of private foundations and policymakers with a strategic interest in promoting these views. It analyzes how population control became an important feature of American foreign policy and environmentalism in the post-World War Two period. It then describes the role of the "degradation narrative" — the belief that population pressures and poverty precipitate environmental degradation, migration, and violent conflict — in the development of the environment and security field. -
EUGENICS, HUMAN GENETICS and HUMAN FAILINGS the Eugenics Society, Its Sources and Its Critics in Britain Pauline M.H.Mazumdar
EUGENICS, HUMAN GENETICS AND HUMAN FAILINGS The Eugenics Society, its sources and its critics in Britain Pauline M.H.Mazumdar London and New York 1992 CONTENTS List of illustrations vii Preface x INTRODUCTION 1 1 THE EUGENICS EDUCATION SOCIETY: THE TRADITION, THE 5 SETTING AND THE PROGRAMME 2 THE AGE OF PEDIGREES: THE METHODOLOGY OF EUGENICS, 40 1900–20 3 IDEOLOGY AND METHOD: R.A.FISHER AND RESEARCH IN 69 EUGENICS 4 THE ATTACK FROM THE LEFT: MARXISM AND THE NEW 106 MATHEMATICAL TECHN JQUES 5 HUMAN GENETICS AND THE EUGENICS PROBLEMATIC 142 EPILOGUE AND CONCLUSION 184 Notes 193 Bibliography 232 Frontispiece Pedigree of the Wedgwood-Darwin-Galton family, the model family of the eugenics movement EUGENICS, HUMAN GENETICS AND HUMAN FAILINGS What is the history of the British eugeriics movement? Why should it be of interest to how scientists work today? This outstanding study follows the history of the eugeriics movements from its roots to its heyday as the source of a science of human genetics. The primary contributions of the book are fourfold. First, it points to nineteenth-century social reform as contributing to the later eugenics movement. Second, it is based upon important archival material newly available to researchers. This material gives the reader an insight into the inner councils of the Society that could not have been obtained by relying upon published sources alone. Third, it treats the statistical methods involved in human genetics historically, in a way that allows the reader to follow their development and tie them to their context within the eugenics movement. -
Immigration and the Stable Population Model
IMMIGRATION AND THE STABLE POPULATION MODEL Thomas J. Espenshade The Urban Institute, 2100 M Street, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20037, USA Leon F. Bouvier Population Reference Bureau, 1337 Connecticut Avenue, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20036, USA W. Brian Arthur International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria RR-82-29 August 1982 Reprinted from Demography, volume 19(1) (1982) INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Laxenburg, Austria Research Reports, which record research conducted at IIASA, are independently reviewed before publication. However, the views and opinions they express are not necessarily those of the Institute or the National Member Organizations that support it. Reprinted with permission from Demography 19(1): 125-133, 1982. Copyright© 1982 Population Association of America. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holder. iii FOREWORD For some years, IIASA has had a keen interest in problems of population dynamics and migration policy. In this paper, reprinted from Demography, Thomas Espenshade, Leon Bouvier, and Brian Arthur extend the traditional methods of stable population theory to populations with below-replacement fertility and a constant annual quota of in-migrants. They show that such a situation results in a stationary population and examine how its size and ethnic structure depend on both the fertility level and the migration quota. DEMOGRAPHY© Volume 19, Number 1 Februory 1982 IMMIGRATION AND THE STABLE POPULATION MODEL Thomos J. -
THE WAYNE' H D.~~I.".P J.-.:.·.~H~ ."
NE?'~.. 8TATE\HI~I:L ~Qi;gi-£*i:ti:;:s"·F" 1500 ~""'sYl\E:BT . ·.....·..·",:'·':i,.\<:" THE WAYNE' H_D.~~i.".p j.-.:.·.~H~ ." . ONE-HUNDRED FIF'TH YEAR' WAYNE. NESRASKA,68787, THURSDAY. JUNE25, f981 THIS ISSUE TWO SECTIONS. 22 PAGES Drug 'Trial Begins for;Owner ofWinsidt!'.":' As the three-cocru, felony-drug. District Court frl." 01 a 27-year-old Wlns.Lde. lavern owner ground Into Its third day Wednesday. -',._--~----< ~ttorn~ .tcc.tho-de'eAse "lid pi osecotlon- Jury Panel: sparred over testimony from a Omaha based state patrolman ~Ith Nebraska State Patrol Investigator Eight MeR, James Avery ~ the man who has testified / /J he helped wrestle Chertes Weible to the ground before handcuffing the defendant during the Dec 19, 1980 drug rOlld - on the Four Women stand, defense attorney Vincent Kirby open ed his cross examination with a barrage of In a two-hour session that all but ex qceattons hausted the Wayne County jury list Otrecunq hiS questtcns et the sergeant's Monday, eight men and four women teaumonv regarding the errest of Weible, were selected as [urors 10 hear Kirby Questioned Avery about his posttton evidence in the state's case against during fhe Winside man's alleged attempt to Charles Weible, 17, Winside. escape the drug bust scene Weible, who Is on ,trial for "hacgc5 fha' «'$vfted -trcm a December drug AVERY, WHO waited al the courthouse raid In Winside, Is a Winside tavern most of Monday and all day Tuesday to owner and the son of Wayne County tesfHy, 'Joel the scene wIth the help 0' special SherUf and Mrs. -
Walcott in 1 Punch KO 10 ^ Tragedy
A RHH: ms\ ': '•' I" WWI W MB Ike, Sugar, Ez Dethroned; Who's Next? THE OHIO J - •••—g * **^*»— \%:*n High st. 10 Poop**** Walcott In 1 Punch KO ^ PITTSBURGH.—Four tune* previously a challenger but taever a winner, ancient Jersey Joe Walcott rewrote THLZ OHIO M VOL. J. Wa. 7 SATURDAY, JULY 28, 1951 COLUMBUS. OHIO boxing'* Cinder*?! I * Story by ocotriog a one-punch seventh •round kayo over Champion Eaaanrl Charles of Cincinnati before a shocked throng of 30,000 fane here at Forbes INEL field Wednesday night. Thus, the up.iet Mtrinir, be . gun with Ike Williams' de* coming in with a hard right m«*e in the lightweight di- hand. VOL. 3, No. 6 Saturday, July 21, 1951 CoJumbae, Ohio vi-tioii. Sugar Ray Robin- Ex fell forward, rolled aon'a fumbling of the mid over and making a dee- dleweight crown m London perate effort to rise, as Tragedy a week aft*o, w tarried over the count reached nine, Sports Gleanings into the heavyweight divi slumped on his face and sion, mo-rt lucrative of the the year's biggest sports lot, and where thi* crazy story was born. Thc kayo •pin of up.net event** will end was recorded at 55 sec no one dares predict. onds of the seventh round. Turpin Gives Boxing Needed Walcott had been refer That's the fight simply. red to by many as "Often a There were no sensational beat man but never a bride," early round exchanges and and along with the Drornot- the finish came as sudden as ers of Wednesday's fight was the surprise with which Shot In Arm In Beating Ray was being ridiculed, by fans it was received. -
Demographic Perspectives in Research on Global Environmental Change
Address: IIASA, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria Email: [email protected] Working paper Demographic perspectives in research on global environmental change Raya Muttarak ([email protected]) WP-21-001 Approved by: Albert van Jaarsveld Director General and Chief Executive Officer 01 February 2021 Table of contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................................3 About the authors ...................................................................................................................................4 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 5 Historical development of the field of population and environment .................................... 9 Why environmental and climate change issues have been peripheral in demographic research .................... 10 Relevance and contribution of demography in climate change research ........................... 12 Population impact on the climate ............................................................................................................ 13 Impact of climate change on population .................................................................................................. 16 Future directions in integrating demographic perspectives in global environmental change research ................................................................................................................... -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Ware Course: Architecture as a Useful, Liberal, and Fine Art Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sh8m1pk Author Block, Kevin Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Ware Course: Architecture as a Useful, Liberal, and Fine Art By Kevin P. Block A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Rhetoric in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Pheng Cheah, Co-Chair Professor Andrew Shanken, Co-Chair Professor David Henkin Associate Professor Winnie Wong Fall 2019 Copyright Page Abstract The Ware Course: Architecture as a Useful, Liberal, and Fine Art by Kevin P. Block Doctor of Philosophy in Rhetoric University of California, Berkeley Professor Pheng Cheah, Co-Chair Professor Andrew Shanken, Co-Chair This dissertation examines the academic career of William Robert Ware (1832-1915), an American architect who became the leading architectural educator in the late nineteenth century. Previous accounts of Ware have focused either on his work as a practicing architect or his role as a department builder at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Columbia University, where he imported the Beaux-Arts system of design instruction to the United States. This dissertation, in contrast, interprets archival documents and nineteenth-century architectural theory to situate Ware in relation to a number of core questions and concepts in the broader history of architectural expertise, including the construction of professional authority, the meaning of culture, the use of judgment, and the tension between creative expression and information processing. -
The Neglect of the French Liberal School in Anglo-American Economics: a Critique of Received Explanations
The Neglect of the French Liberal School in Anglo-American Economics: A Critique of Received Explanations Joseph T. Salerno or roughly the first three quarters of the nineteenth century, the "liberal school" thoroughly dominated economic thinking and teaching in F France.1 Adherents of the school were also to be found in the United States and Italy, and liberal doctrines exercised a profound influence on prominent German and British economists. Although its numbers and au- thority began to dwindle after the 1870s, the school remained active and influential in France well into the 1920s. Even after World War II, there were a few noteworthy French economists who could be considered intellectual descendants of the liberal tradition. Despite its great longevity and wide-ranging influence, the scientific con- tributions of the liberal school and their impact on the development of Eu- ropean and U.S. economic thought—particularly on those economists who are today recognized as the forerunners, founders, and early exponents of marginalist economics—have been belittled or simply ignored by most twen- tieth-century Anglo-American economists and historians of thought. A number of doctrinal scholars, including Joseph Schumpeter, have noted and attempted to explain the curious neglect of the school in the En- glish-language literature. In citing the school's "analytical sterility" or "indif- ference to pure theory" as a main cause of its neglect, however, their expla- nations have overlooked a salient fact: that many prominent contributors to economic analysis throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries expressed strong appreciation of or weighty intellectual debts to the purely theoretical contributions of the liberal school.