DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessment of Neurologic Function

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessment of Neurologic Function Chapter 60 ● Assessment of Neurologic Function LEARNING OBJECTIVES ● On completion of this chapter, the learner will be able to: 1. Describe the structures and functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. 2. Differentiate between pathologic changes that affect motor control and those that affect sensory pathways. 3. Compare the functioning of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. 4. Describe the significance of physical assessment to the diagnosis of neurologic dysfunction. 5. Describe changes in neurologic function associated with aging and their impact on neurologic assessment findings. 6. Describe diagnostic tests used for assessment of suspected neuro- logic disorders and the related nursing implications. 1820 Chapter 60 Assessment of Neurologic Function 1821 Nurses in many types of practice settings encounter patients impulses away from the cell body. Nerve cell bodies occurring in with altered neurologic function. Disorders of the nervous system clusters are called ganglia or nuclei. A cluster of cell bodies with can occur at any time during the life span and can vary from mild, the same function is called a center (eg, the respiratory center). self-limiting symptoms to devastating, life-threatening disorders. Neuroglial cells, another type of nerve cell, support, protect, and The nurse must be skilled in the assessment of the neurologic sys- nourish neurons. tem whether the assessment is generalized or focused on specific areas of function. Assessment in either case requires knowledge Neurotransmitters of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system and an understanding of the array of tests and procedures used to diag- Neurotransmitters communicate messages from one neuron to nose neurologic disorders. Knowledge about the nursing impli- another or from a neuron to a specific target tissue. Neurotrans- cations and interventions related to assessment and diagnostic mitters are manufactured and stored in synaptic vesicles. They testing is also essential. enable conduction of impulses across the synaptic cleft. The neuro- transmitter has an affinity for specific receptors in the post- synaptic bulb. When released, the neurotransmitter crosses the Anatomic and Physiologic Overview synaptic cleft and binds to receptors in the postsynaptic cell mem- The nervous system consists of two divisions: the central nervous brane. The action of a neurotransmitter is to potentiate, termi- system (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord, and the pe- nate, or modulate a specific action and can either excite or inhibit ripheral nervous system, made up of the cranial and spinal nerves. the target cell’s activity. There are usually multiple neurotrans- The peripheral nervous system can be further divided into the mitters at work in the neural synapse. There are various types of somatic, or voluntary, nervous system, and the autonomic, or in- neurotransmitters (Bradley et al., 2000; Hickey, 2003); major voluntary, nervous system. The function of the nervous system is neurotransmitters are described in Table 60-1. to control all motor, sensory, autonomic, cognitive, and behav- Many neurologic disorders are due, at least in part, to an ioral activities. The nervous system has approximately 10 million imbalance in neurotransmitters—that is, a lack of gamma- sensory neurons that send information about the internal and ex- aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine in Huntington’s ternal environment to the brain and 500,000 motor neurons that disease (Bradley et al., 2000), low serotonin levels in some forms control the muscles and glands. The brain itself contains more of epilepsy (Blows, 2000), and a decrease in dopamine in Parkin- than 20 billion nerve cells that link the motor and sensory path- son’s disease. In fact, probably all brain functions are modulated ways, monitor the body’s processes, respond to the internal and through neurotransmitter receptor site activity, including mem- external environment, maintain homeostasis, and direct all psy- ory and other cognitive processes. chological, biologic, and physical activity through complex There are two types of receptors: direct and indirect. Direct chemical and electrical messages (Bradley, Daroff, Fenichel & receptors are also known as inotropic because they are linked to Marsden, 2000). ion channels and allow passage of ions when opened. They can be excitatory or inhibitory and are rapid-acting (measured in milliseconds). Indirect receptors affect metabolic processes in the ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM cell, which can take from seconds to hours to occur. Receptor Cells of the Nervous System sites are an expanding area of research because they are often the target for the action and development of new medications. These The basic functional unit of the brain is the neuron (Fig. 60-1). medications either block or stimulate neurotransmitters at re- It is composed of a cell body, a dendrite, and an axon. The den- ceptor sites and thus provide relief from symptoms (Blows, drite is a branch-type structure with synapses for receiving elec- 2000). Receptor sites are also sites for the action of addictive trochemical messages. The axon is a long projection that carries drugs. Glossary agnosia: loss of ability to recognize objects delirium: transient loss of intellectual func- rigidity: increase in muscle tone at rest char- through a particular sensory system; may tion, usually due to systemic problems acterized by increased resistance to passive be visual, auditory, or tactile dendrite: portion of the neuron that con- stretch ataxia: inability to coordinate muscle move- ducts impulses toward the cell body reflex: an automatic response to stimuli ments, resulting in difficulty in walking, dysphagia: difficulty swallowing Romberg test: test for cerebellar dysfunction talking, and performing self-care activities flaccid: displaying lack of muscle tone; limp, requiring the patient to stand with feet autonomic nervous system: division of the floppy together, eyes closed and arms extended; nervous system that regulates the involun- myelography (myelogram): x-ray study of inability to maintain the position, with tary body functions the spinal cord after injection of a contrast either significant stagger or sway, is a axon: portion of the neuron that conducts agent into the subarachnoid space positive test impulses away from the cell body parasympathetic nervous system: division spasticity: sustained increase in tension of a Babinski reflex (sign): a reflex action of the of the autonomic nervous system active muscle when it is passively lengthened or toes, indicative of abnormalities in the primarily during nonstressful conditions, stretched motor control pathways leading from the controlling mostly visceral functions sympathetic nervous system: division of cerebral cortex photophobia: inability to tolerate light the autonomic nervous system with pre- clonus: abnormal movement marked by al- position (postural) sense: awareness of posi- dominantly excitatory responses, the ternating contraction and relaxation of a tion of parts of the body without looking “fight-or-flight” system muscle occurring in rapid succession at them; also referred to as proprioception tone: tension present in a muscle at rest 1822 Unit 14 NEUROLOGIC FUNCTION Nucleus Myelin sheath Axon Node Neurolemma Synaptic Dendrites terminals FIGURE 60-1 Neuron. Another important area of ongoing research is diagnostic test- sure by the corpus callosum. The outside surface of the hemi- ing that can detect abnormal levels of neurotransmitters in the spheres has a wrinkled appearance that is the result of many brain. Positron emission tomography (PET), for example, can de- folded layers or convolutions called gyri, which increase the sur- tect dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine (Gjedde et al., face area of the brain, accounting for the high level of activity car- 2001). Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ried out by such a small-appearing organ. The external or outer is similar to PET. Both PET and SPECT are discussed in more portion of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex) is made up of gray detail later in this chapter. matter approximately 2 to 5 mm in depth; it contains billions of neurons/cell bodies, giving it a gray appearance. White matter The Central Nervous System makes up the innermost layer and is composed of nerve fibers and neuroglia (support tissue) that form tracts or pathways connect- ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN ing various parts of the brain with one another (transverse and as- The brain is divided into three major areas: the cerebrum, the sociation pathways) and the cortex to lower portions of the brain brain stem, and the cerebellum. The cerebrum is composed of two and spinal cord (projection fibers). The cerebral hemispheres are hemispheres, the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the basal gan- divided into pairs of frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital glia. Additionally, connections for the olfactory (cranial nerve I) lobes. The four lobes are as follows (see Fig. 60-2): and optic (cranial nerve III) nerves are found in the cerebrum. The brain stem includes the midbrain, pons, medulla, and con- • Frontal—the largest lobe. The major functions of this lobe nections for cranial nerves II and IV through XII. The cerebel- are concentration, abstract thought, information storage lum is located under the cerebrum and behind the brain stem or memory, and motor function. It also contains Broca’s (Fig. 60-2). The brain accounts for approximately 2% of the total area, critical for motor control of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Postural Determinants in the Blind. Final Report. INSTITUTION Illinois Visually Handicapped Inst., Chicago, Ill
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 048 714 EC 031 990 AUTHOR Siegal, Irwin M.; Murphy, Thomas J. TITLE Postural Determinants in the Blind. Final Report. INSTITUTION Illinois Visually Handicapped Inst., Chicago, Ill. SPONS AGENCY Social and Rehabilitation Service (DHEW) , Washington, D.C. Div. of Research and Demonstration Grants. PUB DATE Aug 70 NOTE 113p. EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORs Body Image, *Exceptional Child Research, Exercise (Physiology), *Human Posture, Physical Therapy, *Visually Handicapped, *Visually Handicapped Mobility, *Visually Handicapped Orientation ABSTRACT The problem of malposture in the blind and its attect on orientation and travel skills was explored. A group of 45 students were enrolled in a standard 3-month mobility training program.Ea,_:h student suite red a postural problem, some compounded by severe orthopedic and/or neurological deficit. All subjects were given complete orthopedic and neurological examinations as well as a battery of special psychometric tests. Postural problems were diagnosed and treated by a variety of therapeutic techniques, some newly describd, including specialized exercise, splintage, and postural physical education programs. Improvement evaluation (by motion picture photography) was made before, during and after the 3-month program. The hypothesis tested was that improvement in posture contributed to improvement in mobility. The final results indicated such a correlation to exist. One implication is that postural training plays an important role in the development of mobility skills and thus in the total rehabilitation of the blind. (Author) ,'~ EC031990 FINAL REPORT POSTURAL DETERMINANTS IN THE BLIND (The Influence of Posture on Mobility and Orientation) IRWIN M. SIEGEL, M.D., Chief Investigator THOMAS J.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dictionary of Neurological Signs
    FM.qxd 9/28/05 11:10 PM Page i A DICTIONARY OF NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS SECOND EDITION FM.qxd 9/28/05 11:10 PM Page iii A DICTIONARY OF NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS SECOND EDITION A.J. LARNER MA, MD, MRCP(UK), DHMSA Consultant Neurologist Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool Honorary Lecturer in Neuroscience, University of Liverpool Society of Apothecaries’ Honorary Lecturer in the History of Medicine, University of Liverpool Liverpool, U.K. FM.qxd 9/28/05 11:10 PM Page iv A.J. Larner, MA, MD, MRCP(UK), DHMSA Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery Liverpool, UK Library of Congress Control Number: 2005927413 ISBN-10: 0-387-26214-8 ISBN-13: 978-0387-26214-7 Printed on acid-free paper. © 2006, 2001 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dis- similar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to propri- etary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omis- sions that may be made.
    [Show full text]
  • 001 2009 4 E.Pdf
    # 2003 University of South Africa All rights reserved Printed and published by the University of South Africa Muckleneuk, Pretoria ETH306-W/1/2004±2006 97441767 Karinnew Style CONTENTS Study unit Page FOREWORD (viii) SECTION A LEARNERS WHO EXPERIENCE BARRIERS TO LEARNING STUDY UNIT 1 WHO ARE THESE LEARNERS WHO EXPERIENCE BARRIERS TO LEARNING? 2 1.1 The terms ``learners with special educational needs'' and ``learners who experience barriers to learning'' 3 1.2 Manifestations of barriers to learning 5 1.3 The interrelationship between barriers to learning 11 1.4 Phases in which barriers to learning and development come to the fore 11 1.5 Classification of learners who experience barriers to learning 12 1.6 Degrees of barriers to learning 15 1.7 Extent of barriers to learning 15 1.8 Consequences of barriers to learning 16 1.9 Summary 16 Bibliography 17 STUDY UNIT 2 CAUSES OF BARRIERS TO LEARNING 18 2.1 Why a knowledge of what causes barriers to learning is important 18 2.2 Disability 20 2.3 Extrinsic causes of barriers to learning 23 2.4 Summary 33 Bibliography 34 STUDY UNIT 3 PARENTS AND FAMILIES OF LEARNERS WHO EXPERIENCE BARRIERS TO LEARNING 36 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 Some factors that may determine parental attitudes towards a learners with a physical and/or physiological impairment 38 ETH306-W/1/2004±2006 (iii) Study unit Page 3.3 Different patterns of parental attitudes 41 3.4 Life-cycle events and parental attitudes 45 3.5 The effect of the birth of a child with a physical and/or physiological impairment on the different members of
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Chronic Conditions in the Foot and Lower
    Management of Chronic Conditions in the Foot and Lower Leg Content Strategist: Rita Demetriou-Swanwick Content Development Specialists: Catherine Jackson/Nicola Lally Project Manager: Umarani Natarajan Designer/Design Direction: Christian Bilbow Illustration Manager: Jennifer Rose Illustrator: Antbits Management of Chronic Conditions in the Foot and Lower Leg Edited by Keith Rome BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, FCPodMed, SRCh Professor in Podiatry and Co-Director, Health and Research Rehabilitation Institute, Department of Podiatry, School of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand Peter McNair DipPhysEd, DipPT, MPhEd(Distn), PhD Professor of Physiotherapy and Director, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand Foreword by Christopher Nester BSc(Hons), PhD Professor, Research Lead: Foot and Ankle Research Programme, School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2015 © 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright
    [Show full text]
  • A Dictionary of Neurological Signs.Pdf
    A DICTIONARY OF NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS THIRD EDITION A DICTIONARY OF NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS THIRD EDITION A.J. LARNER MA, MD, MRCP (UK), DHMSA Consultant Neurologist Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool Honorary Lecturer in Neuroscience, University of Liverpool Society of Apothecaries’ Honorary Lecturer in the History of Medicine, University of Liverpool Liverpool, U.K. 123 Andrew J. Larner MA MD MRCP (UK) DHMSA Walton Centre for Neurology & Neurosurgery Lower Lane L9 7LJ Liverpool, UK ISBN 978-1-4419-7094-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7095-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7095-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937226 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2001, 2006, 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison Between Forward and Backward Gait Retraining for Mobility in Individuals with Mild to Moderate Parkinson’S Disease
    COMPARISON BETWEEN FORWARD AND BACKWARD GAIT RETRAINING FOR MOBILITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH MILD TO MODERATE PARKINSON’S DISEASE by Roné Grobbelaar Article-format MSc Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Education at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Karen Welman Co-supervisor: Prof Ranel Venter March 2017 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. March 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT Background Dysfunctional gait and transitional movements are the most disabling features of Parkinson‟s disease (PD) and often relates to falls. Due to executive dysfunction in PD, dual tasking (DT) is detrimental to already impaired mobility parameters. Backwards walking (BW) might be a useful training alternative to improve aberrant PD gait and transitional movements to consequently improve the quality of complex, multi-directional daily activities, which most often involve DT. Over ground BW gait retraining has shown to be beneficial for neurological gait rehabilitation; however, has not yet been investigated in PD. Training in complex, novel tasks may induce enhanced cortical activity for movement preparation that is beyond training in automatic tasks.
    [Show full text]
  • 腦血管疾病學 the Tingling Sensation and Limbs Weakness Recurred and She Was Referred 1 to Our Hospital for Further Survey
    Poster Session performed one hour later was negative. 壁報論文 Her symptoms recovered gradually after 8 hours of staying in hospital. Nevertheless, five hours after discharge, 腦血管疾病學 the tingling sensation and limbs weakness recurred and she was referred 1 to our hospital for further survey. 個案研究:以急性全身刺痛與無力表現 Neurological examination revealed the 的雙內側延髓中風 muscle power was 3/5 in all four limbs 朱海瑞 湯頌君 鄭建興 with bilateral extensor type of plantar 國立臺灣大學醫學院附設醫院 神經部 response. The gag reflex was trance Bilateral medial medullary infarction and tongue could not be protruded. Ten presenting as acute fluctuating tingling hours after arriving in our emergency sensation and weakness over all limbs room, the muscle strength deteriorated and trunk: a case report Hai-Jui Chu, Sung-Chun Tang, Jiann-Shing Jeng to 2/5 in upper limbs and 1/5 in lower Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital ones. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral MMI infarction with Background Bilateral medial heart shape sign. Digital subtraction medullary infarction (MMI) is extremely angiography showed normal rare among patients with acute ischemic appearance of bilateral vertebral stroke. Here we reported a case of arteries but suspected an azygos bilateral MMI presenting as an unusual anterior spinal artery mainly derived course of acute fluctuating tingling from the left vertebral artery. For the sensation and weakness in all limbs and consequently respiratory distress, she trunk for 2 days. was intubated. Heparinization was given for 2 days and was shifted to Case Report A 41-year-old female had Clopidogrel 1 tablet per day. Three newly diagnosed hypertension but did not months later, her muscle strength take regular medication for several improved significantly and she could months.
    [Show full text]
  • NEUROLOGY in Lectures (Selected Lectures)
    MINISTRY OF UKRAINE PUBLIC HEALTH I.Y. HORBACHEVSKYY TERNOPIL STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, Science of Narcotics and Medical Psychology NEUROLOGY in lectures (Selected lectures) Ternopil TSMU Ukrmedknyha 2006 1 The redaction of Head of Department of Neurology, Psychia- try, Science of Narcotics and Medical Psychology Honoured Science and Technic Worker, d.m.s. prof. Shkrobot S.I. The authors of lectures: d.m.s. prof. Shkrobot S.I. , k.m.s. assoc. prof. Hara I.I. Literature redaction: Milevska L.S. It was approved by CMC (the report ¹ 4 28.05.2003) Reviewers: The Head of Department of Neurology, Lviv National Medical University d.m.s. prof. Pshyk S.S. The Head of Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Bukovinskyy State Medical University d.m.n. prof. Pashkovskyy V.M. Responsibility for this edition is on the Rector of I.Y. Horbachevskyy Ternopil State Medical University the Member of Ukrainian Academy of Medical Science prof. Kovalchuk L.Y. 2 CONTENS Introduction ..................................................................................... 4 Functions of nervous system. Conditioned and unconditioned reflexes. Motor system (symptomatic and topical diagnostics of movement disturbances) ................................................................................... 5 Sensation. Signs of sensation disturbances ...................................... 25 Extrapyramidal system and Cerebellum. The main anatomic and physiological data. Physiological functions and pathologic syndromes
    [Show full text]
  • A Textbook of Chiropractic Symptomatology
    A TEXT-BOOK ON Chiropractic Symptomatology OR THE Manifestations of Incoordmation Considered From a Chiropractic Standpoint JAMES N. FIRTH, D. C.. Ph. C. Professor of Symptomatology in the Palmer School of Chiropractic, (Chiropractic'i Fountain Head) Davenport, Iowa COPYRIGHT. 1914, BY JAMES N. FIRTH. D. C., Ph. C. 1914 DRIFFILL PRINTING CO. ROCK ISLAND. ILL PREFACE Upon accepting the chair of Symptomatology in Tin Palmer School of Chiropractic, Davenport, Iowa, I found it difficult for students and others seeking Chiropractic in- formation on diseased conditions to obtain a comprehensive idea of such when they sought their information in medical text-books. That is, they were able to find an accurate de- scription of the pathology and its accompanying symptoms, but were unable to apply the Chiropractic idea or philosophy to such conditions. The aim of this volume, as indicated by its title, is that the student, practitioner and layman may obtain a concise, yet comprehensive, explanation of incoordinations from a Chiropractic standpoint. This volume is exclusively de- voted to the subject of Symptomatology and should not be considered as an authority on philosophy. Many of the theories advanced here have been derived or suggested from Dr. Palmer's works on philosophy, which are the only works published on that subject. It is very essential that the introductory chapter and the chapter on preliminary considerations be read and studied first, as therein are contained the fundamental principles upon which subsequent deductions are based. It is hoped that this volume may be useful to the student, practitioner and layman. JAMES N. FIRTH, D.
    [Show full text]
  • Pediatric Orthopedics in Practice, DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-46810-4, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 880 Backmatter
    879 Backmatter Subject Index – 880 F. Hefti, Pediatric Orthopedics in Practice, DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-46810-4, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 880 Backmatter Subject index Bold letters: Principal article Italics: Illustrations A Acetylsalicylic acid 303, 335 Adolescent scoliosis Amyloidosis 663 Acheiropodia 804 7 Scoliosis Amyoplasia 813–814 Abducent nerve paresis 752, Achievement by proxy 10, 11 AFO 7 Ankle Foot Orthosis Anaerobes 649, 652, 657 816 Achilles tendon Aggrecan 336, 367, 762 ANA 7 antinuclear antibodies Abducted pes planovalgus – lengthening 371, 426, 431, aggressive osteomyelitis Analysis, gait 488, 490–497 433, 434, 436, 439, 443, 464, 7 osteomyelitis, aggressive 7 Gait analysis Abduction contracture 468, 475, 485, 487–490, 493, Agonist 281, 487, 492, 493, Anchor 169, 312, 550, 734 7 contracture 496, 816, 838, 840 495, 498, 664, 832, 835, 840, Andersen classification abduction pants 219–221 – shortening 358, 418, 431, 868 7 classification, Andersen Abduction splint 212, 218–221, 433, 464, 465, 467, 468, 475, Ahn classification 366 Andry, Nicolas 21, 22 248, 850 489, 496, 838 Aitken classification (congenital Anesthesia 26, 38, 135, 154, Abduction Achondrogenesis 750, 751, femoral deficiency ) 7 classi- 162, 174, 221, 243, 247, 248, – hip 195, 198, 199, 212, 213, 756, 758–760, 769 fication, femoral deficiency 255, 281, 303, 385, 386, 400, 214, 218, 219, 220, 221, Achondroplasia 56, 163, 166, Akin osteotomy 477, 479 500, 506, 559, 568, 582–585, 241–245, 247, 248, 251, 255, 242, 270, 271, 353, 409, 628, Albers-Schönberg
    [Show full text]
  • Igait: Vision-Based Low-Cost, Reliable Machine Learning Framework for Gait
    iGait: Vision-based Low-Cost, Reliable Machine Learning Framework for Gait Abnormality Detection by SAIF IFTEKAR SAYED Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON December 2017 Copyright c by Saif Iftekar Sayed 2017 All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vi Chapter Page 1. Abstract . .1 2. Literature Review . .2 2.1 Impact of health on gait . .2 2.2 Data Acquisition Types . .3 2.3 Chronic Low back pain . .8 3. Methodology . 10 3.1 The iGait System . 10 3.1.1 Body Features Extraction . 15 3.1.2 Fall Prediction . 22 3.1.3 The iGait System Protocol . 24 4. Experimental Results . 28 4.1 Experimental Results . 28 4.1.1 Classification metrics . 28 4.1.2 Feature Significance . 31 4.1.3 ROC Curves . 35 5. Conclusion and Future Work . 39 5.1 Conclusion and Future Work . 39 REFERENCES . 40 iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 2.1 setup of 3 force resistive resistors(left) and a gyroscope(right) . .4 2.2 setup of a BSN sensor behind the ear and a RGB-D Camera . .6 2.3 Computation of features at µ = 0 with non-overlapping(a), overlapping(b) and at a viewpoint at µ = 20(c) . .7 2.4 Individual ellipse model attached to the respective segments of the body . .8 3.1 Block Diagram of iGait System . 11 3.2 Kinect V1 Sensor .
    [Show full text]
  • Biodex Clinical Guideline
    “The Clinical Advantage” ™ Parkinson’s Disease A Clinical Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease using Biodex Technology. Authors: Natalie Thompson, PT Dave Wilcox, OTR/L Kurt Jackson, PT, PHD, GCS BIODEX Biodex Medical Systems, Inc. 20 Ramsey Road, Shirley, New York, 11967-4704, Tel: 800-224-6339 ( Int’l 631-924-9000), Fax: 631-924-9338, Email: [email protected], www.biodex.com FN: 16-210 7/16 About the Authors: Natalie Thompson, PT Natalie Thompson is a 1992 graduate of SUNY at Stony Brook with a dual degree in Biology and Physical Therapy. She has a background in clinical, managerial and educational settings. Natalie has practiced for ten years in orthopedics with specialized training from the McKenzie Institute and Institute of Physical Art. Since 2001, she has focused on working with neurologically impaired patients. Natalie was a hands on manager for United Cerebral Palsy for six years, after which she began treating young children up to five years of age. She was an adjunct Teaching Assistant for Stony Brook University in the Physical Therapy program. Currently, Natalie works for Biodex as a Clinical Administrator and Applied Clinician. She remains a part time treating clinician and consultant working with children up to three years of age. David Wilcox, OTR/L David Wilcox, OTR/L is an experienced clinician that has worked in the field of Occupational Therapy for 18 years. David started his career in 1998 at Moss Rehabilitation Hospital in Philadelphia treating an array of diagnoses such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, spinal cord injury, cardiac, pulmonary, and orthopedic conditions.
    [Show full text]