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Geological Survey DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VOL. VIII WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE 1889 CONTENTS. BULLETIN No. 47. 47. Analyses of Waters of the Yellowstone National Park, with an Account of the Methods of Analysis employed, by Frank Austin Gooch and James Edward Whitfield. BULLETIN No. 48. 48. On the Form and Position of the Sea Level, by Robert Simpson Woodward. BULLETIN No. 49. 49. Latitudes and Longitudes of Certain Points in Missouri, Kansas, and New Mexico, by Robert Simpson Woodward. ' BULLETIN No. 50. 50. Formulas and Tables to facilitate the Construction and Use of Maps, by Rob- > ert Simpson Woodward. BULLETIN No. 51. 51. On Invertebrate Fossils from the Pacific Coast, by Charles Abiathar White. BULLETIN No. 52. 52. Subaerial Decay of Rocks and Origin of the Red Color of Certain Formations, by Israel Cook Russell. BULLETIN No. 53. 53. The Geology of Nantucket, by Nathaniel Southgate Shaler. BULLETIN No. 54. 54. A Report on the Thermo-Electrical Measurement of High Temperatures, by Carl Barus. ' m 184340 ILLUSTRATIONS. BULLETIN No. 47. Page. FIG. 1. Apparatus for the estimation of carbonic acid........................ 16 2. Apparatus.for the estimation of boric acid............................ 18 BULLETIN No. 51. PLATE I. Ostrea Dilleri.................................................... 74 II. Ostrea Dilleri.................................................. 76 III. Fulguraria Gabbi, Fulgur Hilgardi, Trophon Condoni, Cancel- laria Turneri, Gyrodes Dowelli, Rimella macilenta, Ceratia nexilia ...................................................... 78 IV. Scobinella Dilleri, Cominella LeContei, Mesalia obsuta, Trochus (Anadema) gemiferas, Stomatia obstricta, Fauntis marcidulus, Lysis oppansus, Actaeon inornatus, Vasculum obliquum, Zir- phsea plana.................................................. 80 V. Ammonites Turneri............................................ 82 VI. Anatina sulcatina ?, Crassatella tuscana, Clisocolus dubius, C. cordatus..................................................... 84 VII. Perna excavata, Ammonites Maclurei, Vanikoropsis suciensis.. 86 VIII. Teredo pugetensis ............................................. 88 I.. Batissa Newberryi, Cardium ?, Cerithium ? ? ..... 90 X. Sanguinolaria ? caudata, Psaiumobia obscura, Cyrena brevidens, Neritiua 1............................................. 92 XI. Batissa dubia, Corbicula Willisi, C. pugetensis. ................ 94 XII. Ammonites Howelli............................................ 96 XIII. Ammonites Whiteavesi,.Belemnites ?, A. kialagvikensis... 98 XIV. Ammonites Howelli, Belemnites ?, Cucnlltea iucrebescens, Glycimeris? Dalli ........................................... 100 BULLETIN No. 52. PLATE I. View of Mount Mitchell, North Carolina; looking north along the crest of the Black Mountains. Roan Mountain in the distance. 16 II. New Found Mountains; lookiug southwest from Asheville N. C.. 20 III. View of fields of residual clay, near Natural Bridge, Virginia; looking north. House Mountains in the background.......... 26 IV. Mayo River, North Carolina; illustrating the manner in which the rivers of the Piedmont region are eroding their beds. The rocks producing the rapids are Newark sandstones............. 34 V. View from Harper's Ferry, W. Va., looking down the Potomac; to illustrate the manner in which the rivers of the Appalachians are eroding their beds........................................ 36 VI ILLUSTRATIONS. BULLETIN No. 53. Page. PLATE I. Geological map of Nantucket Island .........................Frontispiece II. Aspect of katne moraine on the northern border, near Shemo Point.: 16 III. Kame valley, with dome-shaped hill, looking south, on north road, near Shemo Point................................................ 18 IV. Topography of kaine moraine in central district, near north end of Long Pond, looking north ................................. ...... 20 V. East branch of Hummock Pond, looking south..................... 22 VI. Junction of kame moraine and terrace plain on Gibba Pond; Siascon- set in distance................................................... 26 VII. Sankaty Head, looking north from a point 150 yards south of light­ house ........................................................... 30 VIII. Vie w of coast escarpment 500 yards north of Sankaty light......... 40 I.. Aspect of north shore from near upper end of Long Pond, looking east. 46 X. Split pebbles, resembling stone implements........................ 50 FIG. 1. Diagrammatic horizontal section of small spit on Coatue Beach..... 13 2. Diagrammatic section through Coatue. Beach....................... 15 3. Generalized section of Squam Head ..................-.............. 16 4. Section at Weewocket............................................. 16 5. Section of border of Lily Pond .................................... 16 6. Section fro nJ Coatue Bay to the ocean..... ...................... 17 7. Diagrammatic section across valleys in sunken plain ............... 20 8. Diagrammatic section showing positions of bowlders on surface of glacial plain near Gibbs'Pond ................................... 21 9. Section of submerged swamp on north shore........................ 28 10. Section at Sankaty Head.............................'............. 32 11. Diagrammatic section of beds at Sankaty Head .................... 39 12. Section 500 yards south of beds at Sankaty Head................... 41 13. Section showing apparent beach line, near Gibbs Pond............. 45 14. Kames east of Nantucket. village..................... ............ 45 15. Section of shore east of Surf Side, showing beginning of coast apron. 50 16. Profile across Great Head, showing dunes .... ... ... .... 51 BULLETIN No. 54. FIG. 0. Disposition of apparatus for air thermometry and boiling point. Frontispiece 1. Apparatus for constant temperature between 0° and 100°........... 59 2. Apparatus for constant temperature between 100° and 300°......... 60 3. Boiling-point apparatus for mercury............................... 61 4. Boiling-point apparatus for zinc;. earlier form...................... 63 5. Boiling-point apparatus for zinc; later form; longitudinal section.. 65 6. Boiling-point apparatus for zinc; later form; cross-section......... 66 7. Boiling-point tube for mercury; original form...................... 84 8. Boiling-point tube for sulphur; original form ...................... 85 9. Boiling-point tube for water, etc.; original form.................... 86 10. Boiling-point tube; perfected form ................................ 87 lOo. Boiling-point tube for annealing long wires ........................ 87 11. Boiling-point tube for pressure work................................ 88 llo. Boiling-point tube for pressure work with accessories .............. 88 12. Eing burner ...................................................... 89 13. Original form of boiling-point crucible ............................ 91 14. Perfected form of boiling-point crucible............................ 92 14a. Boiling-point crucible for pressure work ........................... 94 15. Boiling-point crucible with open tube.............................. 94 16. Machine for pressing porcelain insulators .......................... 96 ILLUSTRATIONS. VII Page. FIG. 17. Die for porcelain tubes ............................................ 96 18. Disposition of thermo-electric apparatus ........................... 97 19. Double key ....................................................... 97 20. Standard Daniell cell.......................................... ... 100 21. Chart showing the relation of temperature and electromotive force; thermo-couples Nos. 17 and 18...... ..... ............ ...... ...... 114 22. Chart showing the relation of temperature and electromotive force; thermo-coupley Nos. 22, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40...................... 116 23. Apparatus for melting point of platinum........................... 124 24. Resistometer....................................................... 132 25. Detached rider .................................................... 132 26. Chart showing the relation between electrical resistance and temper­ ature coefficient of platinum alloys .............................. 150 27. Chart showing the relation between electrical conductivity and tem­ perature coefficient of platinum alloys ........................... 162 28. Tubular displacement air thermometer............................. 166 29. (Withdrawn.) 30. Diagram of Jolly air thermometer and bulb ........................ 168 31. Non-inglazed, spherical air thermometer bulb...................... 172 32. Non-inglazed, reentrant air thermometer bulb...................... 173 33. Inglazed, spherical air thermometer bulb .......................... 174 34. Machine for soldering porcelain; elevation......................... 175 35. Machine for soldering porcelain; plan ............................. 176 35a. Gasometers ..........................................'............. 179 36. Revolving muffle; diagram........................................ 181 36a. Elliptic revolving muffle; diagram ................................ 181 37. Revol ving muffle and furnace; longitudinal section ................ 182 38. Revolving muffle and furnace; plan ............................... 184 39. Temperature and electromotive force of thermo-couples in corre­ sponding time series............................................. 202 40. Constant pressure air thermometer............. ...... .......... .... 209 41. Chart showing the variation of
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