STP883-EB/Nov. 1985

Subject Index

A C Aas in-situ tests, 209-210 Calcarenites, 415,416, 418 Analytical model technique, 432, 438 Calcareous ooze testing, 114, 116, Andersen's procedure, 342, 345,349- 118-121 351 Calcareous sediments cementation and Arabian Gulf soils, 413 grain crushing, 241-242, 243 ASCE conference, 41 Calcilutites, 415 ASTM Standards Calcisiltites, 415,419 D 422:385 Carbonate rocks, 413 D 653:12 Cementation, calcareous sediments, D 1586:517 241-242 D 2435:457 Cemented beach sands, 306, 308, 311 D 3441:34 Cementing agents, 306 D 4186:457 Cesium- 137, 157, 158 field vane shear test, 35,206 Clays Attraction, in-situ, 44, 47-49 Beaufort Sea, 487 classification, 65-66 cyclic degradation, 336 B deformation, 341,351,505-506 Beaufort Sea clays, 487 failure, 267-268,270, 271 Bering Sea sediment liquefaction, 454 Gault, 30, 31 Borehole shear testing, 140 Gulf of Mexico, 363 Borehole swell, 150 illitic "red," 84, 88 Bridge site investigation, 515 Kringalik, 488, 505-508 stratigraphy, 522-523 testing, 492-499 British Standards undrained strength, 508-510 BS 1377-1975:35 yield behavior, 499-505 BS 5930-1981:35 Nelson Farm, 295 Building Research Establishment, 21 overconsolidated, 259 Bulk density, marine sediment, 154, peak shear stress ratios, 271-272 163 pelagic, 114, 115, 117, 251

551

Copyright~ 1985 by ASTM International www.astm.org 552 STRENGTH TESTING ON AAARINE SEDIMENTS

plastic Drammen, 338, 350 Consolidation stress, 262-266, 270 quick, 50, 52, 53 Consohdation testing, 201, 256, 323 rod shear testing, 258 Consohdation theory, hnear, 79, 80 saturated, 48-50 Corals, 415 silty, 50, 52, 295 Creep, 294, 339, 473 {See also Defor­ soft marine (See also Soil, soft co­ mation) hesive characteristics) Creep testing, multistage, 477, 478, cone penetrometer testing, 29 481, 482, 485 degradation, 360 Cyclic degradation of clay, 336 index properties, 353-354 Cyclic loading, 243, 339-340 shear modulus of, 352 effect, 320 stage testing, 142 pore-pressure buildup during, 322- undrained behavior, 56, 67 323 Cohesion, 319 slow, 367, 374-376 Compressibility, soil, 527-531 static, 367 Compression creep testing, multistage testing, 325, 349-350 triaxial, 479, 482 Cyclic strength testing, 226-231 Compression strength, 415-418, 420 Cyclic undrained testing, 327-328 Compression testing, unconfined, 201, 222, 225, 528-529 D Cone penetration testing, 441 Beaufort Sea clay, 491, 492, 495- Deep-Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), 496, 499-500, 508-512 197-198, 200, 202-203 downhole, 55, 57 shear strength testing, 253, 255 Cone penetration testing ship, 156 Iranian soil, 443, 447-448 testing technique, 210 Norton Sound and Bering Sea, 455, Deformation 457, 461 bridge site, 527-531 offshore Cahfomia silts, 55 Kringalik clay, 505-506 soil strength measurement, 170-173 warm permafrost, 473 static, 41-50 Densitometer, gamma-ray, 154 Cone penetrometer Dilatancy parameters, 330-331 fall, 213-214 Dissipation testing, 76-81 jetting system, 129-130, 136-137 Doppler penetrometer, expendable lightweight 12-m, 125 components of, 105-109 static, 126 deep ocean sediment measurements, Cone penetrometer testing, 14, 17, 27, 101 29-30 Doppler principle, 102 standards, 34-35 Drained cyclic testing, 329 Cone point resistance, 41, 62-64, Drilling, 16 67-70 disturbances caused by, 24-27 in soft clay, 75-76 rotary, 197-198 Consohdation, 339, 340 Drill ship wireline in-situ testing, 21 oedotriaxial, 326, 327 Drill string sampling, 197-198 settlement and, 390-392 push sampling through, 198-200 INDEX 553

Earthquakes Hydraulic piston corer, 200 accelerations, 464 liquefaction and, 226-231, 455, I 461-463, 470 loading, 220, 230, 381 Indonesian soil strength testing, Empirical correction method, 428- 448-452 431, 438 In-situ shear strength equipment, factors, 436-437 18-19 European Communities' Joint Re­ In-situ strength and cone penetration search Centre, Commission of, testing, 66-68 21 In-situ testing, 542-543 (See also Field testing, specific tests) bridge site, 517-522 description and standardization, Field testing (See also In-situ testing; 31-36 specific tests) disturbances caused by, 27-28 of Iranian soil, 443-444 equipment, 29-31 vane testing, standards, 35-36 Iranian soil, 443 Florida, marine environment testing, of marine soil strength, 15-19 140 quality assurance, 24-31 Friction sleeve resistance, 61, 63 strength degradation in, 31-32 Friction testing, smooth-plate, 145, In-situ versus laboratory testing 148, 151 Arctic marine soils, 512 strength testing, 425, 440 Iranian soil strength testing, 441-448 Gas charging, 237-240, 243 Geological Survey, U.S., 130 K National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ship Kringalik Plateau soil testing, 492-499 testing, 455 testing, 202, 203, 218, 220 unpublished study, 210-211 Laboratory testing, 543-545 Geotechnical site investigations, 488 Iranian soil, 444-446 philosophy, 510-512 marine soil strength, 181 techniques, 490-492 Laboratory test values, correcting, Grain crushing, calcareous sediment, 428-438 241-242 Laboratory versus in-situ testing Gravity platform foundation stability, Arctic marine soils, 512 331-334 strength testing, 425, 440 Gulf of Mexico clay, 363 Lake deposit, cone penetration testing, 50-51 H Limestone, 415 Hurricane Camile, 186-187 Liquefaction Hvorslev strength theory, 432, 434, analyses, 226-228, 230, 461-467 438 assessment, 467-469 554 STRENGTH TESTING ON AURINE SEDIMENTS

Bering Sea sediment, 454 Mud vulcanoes, 394 resistance, 467-469 Muds, hard carbonate, 415 of silts, 387, 389, 394 Mudslide, 394 Loading critical level of repeated (CLRL), N 229-230 Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory platform geometry and, 331 (NCEL), U.S. Louisiana soil, 72 sampling procedure, 218-220 seafloor testing, 113 M NormaUzed soil parameters (NSP) ap­ Mackenzie Delta, 489 proach, 223-226, 228, 230, Marchetti dilatometer testing, 146, 150 242 from barge, 515, 516, 519-522 Norton Sound, AK, testing, 125-126, Marine cores, simulated, 154 130-132 Marine environment, shallow borehole Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, shear testing, 140 218, 220-221 Marine geotechnology, 184-185 Norwegian Petroleum Directorate industry and university research, (NPD), 331, 333 185-189 Marine sediments {See also Sands; O Silts) Ocean sediment measurements, 101 composition, 13 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversions core splitting, 210-211 gases, 155-156 (OTEC), 185 in-situ testing, 11 Offshore cone penetration testing, 55 poro-elastic properties, 397 (See also Cone penetration properties, 154-155 testing) soft clay, 352 Offshore deposit testing, 50 strength testing, 181, 440 Offshore in-situ strength testing three-dimensional stress relaxation methods, 20-21 Offshore site investigations, 13 behavior, 294 Overconsolidation, 394 types, 12-15 stress, 390 Menard pressuremeter testing, 146, Overconsolidation ratio (OCR), 392, 150 428, 438 from barge, 515, 516, 517-518 marine soil, 15 Miniature vane testing, 188 silts, 59-60 shear, 108, 202, 205-213, 215, 243 Mississippi delta offshore clay testing, 83 shear modulus of soft marine clay, Pelagic sediments, 251-256 352 Penetration resistance and soil Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria, 151- strength, 105 152, 432 Penetration, testing, standard, 17, 146 INDEX 555

Penetrating Testing (ESOPT) Con­ Pressuremeter and Foundation Engi­ ference, European Symposium neering, The, 474 on, 41 Pressuremeter testing, 14 Penetration Testing in Europe, Sub- of permafrost, 474, 476-478 committe on Standardization self-boring, 16, 22-24 of, 34-35 Probe deployment system, 19-24 Permafrost, 488, 490 Push sampling, 55, 167, 261 warm, 473 through drill string, 198-200 Permeabilities, 83 Piezocone pentration testing, 72 R Piezometer measurements, 83 Ramberg-Osgood-Masing model, Pile installation effects, 258-259 364-365, 369-373, 377 Plasticity, clays, 304, 305 validity, 378 Plate load testing, 17 Remote vane shear testing, 491-492, Platform geometry and loads, 331 Pocket penetrometer testing, 213, 215, 497, 508-509 Residual pore-pressure technique, 443 432-435, 438 Point load index, carbonate rocks, 413 Resistivity probes, 18 Point load testing, 413, 418-420 Resonant column testing, 354-355, Pore-pressure, 89-91 buildup during cyclic loading, 370-374 Rock 322-323 Clark and Walker classifications, components, 320-321 414-415 cumulative, 331 Middle East types, 414-415 dynamic, ratio technique, 497 uniaxial strength, 413 equation, 321 Rod shear testing, 258 in soft clay, 75-79 Rod-soil rupture, 268-269 time-dependent dissipation, 92, 94-97 Pore suction effects, 27, 28 Pore-water pressure Sample buildup, 392 handling, storage and, 200-203 negative, 393 testing, 203-231 (See also specific response, 386-389 tests; Sampling methods) transducers, 384 Sample tube plugging, 166 wave loading and, 397-398 partial, 174-176 Pore-water salinity, 219 quality and, 171-175 Poro-elastic properties, marine soils, Sampling mathematical model, 169- 397 170 Port Hueneme, CA, testing, 126, 132- Sampling methods 133 bottom platform, 193-197 Pressure release disturbance in simu­ disturbance, 426 lated marine cores, 154 drive, 261 556 STRENGTH TESTING ON AMRINE SEDIMENTS

gravity driven, 189-193 Settlement and consolidation, 390- improved, 187 392 offshore, 167-169 SHANSEP procedure, 187, 189, percussion sampling, 166, 167, 186, 235-236, 432-433, 438 197-198 analysis of pelagic clays, 253 perfect, 426 Shear modulus for soft marine clays, push sampling, 55, 167, 198-200, 352 261 Shear resistance, ultimate, 304 rotary drilling, 197-198 Shear strength behavior, in multistage Sands {See also Sediments; Silts) testing, 275-285 calcareous, 441 Shear strength model, 319-320 cemented beach static behavior, 306 Shear strength parameters, 330 classification, 65-66 effective stress-based, 318 frozen, 475, 485-486 expressions, 43-44 undrained behavior, 56, 67 from static cone penetration testing, Sandia National Laboratories, U.S. 41 In Situ Heat Transfer Experiment Shear strength properties, pelagic sedi­ (ISHTE), 86-87, 88, 92, 95 ments, 251 Subseabed Disposal Program, 84, Shear strengths, undrained 86, 295 at bridge site, 523-527 San Francisco Bay, penetration testing, clays, 354, 355 126, 133-134 deep-sea sediment cores, in-situ, 83, SEACALF piezocone testing, 29-30 187 Seafloor Shear stress ratios, reconstituted clays, geotechnical properties, 101 271-272 jacking system, 56, 57 Shear testing system, 16, 21-22 direct, 444 in-situ strength testing, 22-23 direct simple (DSS), 221-224, 338 Sediment strength testing program, drained, 149 425 simple, 216-226 Sediments (See also Marine Sedi­ Silts {See also Sands; Sediments) ments; Sands; Silts) California offshore, 55 deep ocean, 101, 251 categorization, 65-66, 381 sensitivities, 113 clayey, 56,118, 121 {See also Clays) sound velocity, 112-113 cone penetration testing, 55, 62-65, testing, sites, 114-120 68-70 disturbance/environmental factors, Danby, 385, 392-393 539-541 deformations, 392, 394, 395 northern Bering Sea, liquefaction failure, 389 of, 454 in-situ strength, 66-68 overconsolidated, 460-461 Madison, 406, 408, 410 Self-boring pressurementer testing, pleistocene, 58 491-492, 497-501, 506-507 properties, 58, 385 INDEX 557

response to wave loads, 381 Iranian soil, 443, 447-448 sandy, 56 Static drained testing, 329 Yukon, 392-393 Static shear testing, 324 Simple strength index testing, 203- Static undrained testing, 325-326 204, 205 Storm conditions, 330, 331 Site evaluation process, 426 (See also Storm waves, 381-382, 516 (See also Bridge site investigation; Off­ Wave action; Wave loading) shore site investigations) cyclic shear stresses, 464, 465, 466 Soil (See also Clays; Marine sedi­ Uquefaction and, 463 ments; Sands; Sediments; Silts) pore-pressure and, 470 brittleness index, 312, 316 Strength, dynamic and static, 356-360 coarse-grained, 400-402 Strength degradation, 31-32 cone penetration of, 46-47 Strength measurement fine-grained, 402-404 validity of, 231-236 piezocone penetration testing, 72 variables, 541-542 poro-elastic properties, 397 Strength parameters testing, 203-204 soft cohesive characteristics, 72-73 Strength testing, laboratory versus in- Soil classifications, 309-310, 311 situ, 440, 545-546 Douglas and Olsen classification, 66 Stress Schmertmann classification, 65 applied normal, 152 Unified, 295 effects, 302-303, 304 Soil failure, 26, 102 lateral, 527 clays, 267-268, 270, 271 (See also octahedral shear, 297-298, 299- Clays) 305 Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engi­ preconsolidation, 531-534 neering, International Society shear, 336 of, 34-35 Stress history and normalized soil en­ Soil Mechanics in Offshore Engineer­ gineering properties (See ing Conference, 185 SHANSEP procedure) Soil parameters, variations from tri- Stress relaxation behavior, three- axial testing, 330-331 dimensional, 294 Soil property characteristics, 425 Sunshine Skyway Bridge, 515, 522 Soil-rod friction, 260-261 replacement, 141, 146-150, 152 Soil stage testing, 141, 142 Soil strength determination theory, 102-105 Soil type and stress relaxation, 303- Tampa Bay, borehole shear testing, 304 144, 146-148 Stage testing, 141, 142, 146, 151 Tension by platforms, foundations of, Standard penetration testing (SPT), 336 441 Testing, integrated, 363 borings, 515, 516, 517 Torvane testing, 213, 214-215, 443 Indonesian soil, 450-451 Triaxial compression testing 558 STRENGTH TESTING ON /MRINE SEDIMENTS

UC, 444-446, 448 variations in soil parameters from, UU, 451-452 330-331 Triaxial shear testing; drained, 311, 315 Triaxial testing, 18 Vane shear probe measurements, 92 consolidated undrained (CU), 27, Vane shear testing, 14, 441, 443, 451 201, 216, 220, 222, 495, 499, (See also Miniature vane test­ 510 ing; Remote vane shear testing; correcting results, 432 Torvane testing) cyclic, 318, 458-460 Vibratory samplers, 196-197 deep-sea sediment, 188 in-situ UU, 19 W multistage, 274 Konder's technique, 277, 281, Wave action and sediment densifica- tion, 507 283, 285, 286, 289 Wave loading, 220, 230, 330, 455, rational procedure, 277, 286-289 461 of permafrost, 478-484 liquefaction and, 469, 470 of soft marine clay, 355-356 silts response to, 381 static, 216-226, 318 soil deformation and, 387-398 stress-based shear strength, 318 Wave tank, 382, 383 types, 322-325 Wave tank testing, 385, 386-392, 394 unconfined compression, 201, 222, Wave-soil interaction, 386-387 225 Wireline driven (percussion) sampling, unconsolidated undrained, 27, 201, 166, 167, 198 222, 225, 494-495, 499, 510 undrained, 146 undrained compression, 275, 279, 286, 289 Yield behavior, clay, 499-505