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Site Investigation Practice: Assessing BS 5930 Contents

INVITED PAPERS and submitted discussion Session 1 Planning and Design of Site Investigations ...... 1 J. M. HEAD

Discussion ...... 6 Session 2 Desk Studies, Air Photograph Interpretation and Reconnais- sance for Site Investigation ...... 9 G. WEST

Discussion ...... 13 Session 3 Field Testing: Interpretation of the Cone Penetration Test... 17 C. P. WROTH

Discusston ...... 19 Session 4 Field Testing: The Standard Penetration Test ...... 21 S. THORBURN

Discussion ...... 26 Session 5 Sample Disturbance and BS 5930 ...... 33 C. R. I. CLAYTON

Discussion ...... 40 Session 6 Laboratory Testing: Assessing BS 5930 ...... 43 D. W. HIGHT

Discussion ...... 52 Session 7 Rock Descriptions ...... 59 A. B. HAWKINS

Discussion ...... 66 Session 8 Soil Descriptions--Quo Vadis? ...... 73 G. H. CHILD

Discusston ...... 82 Session 9 Planning Engineering Geophysical Surveys ...... 85 B. W. DARRACOTT & D. M. MCCANN

Discusston ...... 90 Session 10 Water in Site Investigation ...... 91 A. D. M. PENMAN

Discusston ...... 97 Session 11 Contractual Matters ...... 99 F. H. HUGHES

Discusston ...... 104 Session 12 The Future of Site Investigation ...... 107 C. CRAIG

Discussion ...... 109 Downloaded from http://egsp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 28, 2021

PRE-PRINTED CONFERENCE PAPERS in alphabetical order by first author

ADAM, C. H. Static Electric Cone Penetration Testing in Shallow Water . . . 113 AMos, E. M., BLAKEWAY, D. & WARREN, C. D. Remote Sensing Techniques in Civil Engineering Surveys ...... 119 ANDERSON, W. F., PYRAH, I. C., & HAJI-ALI, F. Pressuremeter Testing of Normally Consolidated Clays--The Effects of Varying Test Technique.. 125 ATKINSON, J. H. • CLINTON, D. B. Stress Path Tests on 100 mm Diameter Samples ...... 133 ATKINSON, J. H., EVANS, J. S. & RICHARDSON, D. Effects of Stress Path and Stress History on the Stiffness of Reconstituted London Clay ...... 139 ATKINSON, M. S. & THORNTON, G. D. Groundwater Control in Complex Ground Conditions ...... 145 BORRIE, G. W., CIPULLO, A. & MASSEY, J. B. An Assessment of the British Code of Practice for Site Investigations for Hong Kong Conditions . . . 151 CALDWELL, R. A. Recent Techniques in Geophysics with Special Application to Engineering Geology ...... 157 CARTER, P. G., PIRIE, R. M. & SNEDDON, M. Marine Site Investigations and BS 5930 ...... 163 COATSWORTH, A. M. A Rational Approach to Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Testing ...... 167 Cox, D. W. & DAWSON, A. R. The Use of Small Scale Trial Compactions for Earthwork Design ...... 177 Cox, O. W., DAWSON, A. R. & HALL, J. W. Techniques for Site Investigation Using Trial Pits ...... 185 DEARMAN, W. R. State of Weathering: The Search for a Rational Approach . 193 DOBEREINER, L. & DE FREITAS, M. H. Investigation of Weak Sandstones... 199 EPPS, R. J. A Comparison of Methods of Testing at a Site in London Clay . . 207 ERWlG, H. Correlation of Cone Penetration Tests and Undrained Shear Strength in Alluvial Soils in the Humberside Area ...... 213 ERWlG, H. & PATnNSON, J. I. Notes on the Correlation of Cone Penetration Test Results in Weak Chalk at Norwich, Norfolk ...... 219 FINN, P. S., NISBET, R. M. & HAWKINS, P. G. Guidance on Pressure-meter, Flat Dilatometer and Cone Penetration Testing ...... 223 FRANCIS, S. C. The Limitations and Interpretation of the "Angle of Repose" in terms of Soil Mechanics: A Useful Parameter? ...... 235 FROST, F. B. & DUMBLE, J. P. The Application of Ground Conductivity and Offset Wenner Resistivity Soundings to Optimise the Investigation of a 300 ha Site in the West Midlands ...... 241 Downloaded from http://egsp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 28, 2021

X CONTENTS

GAMON, T. I. A Comparison between the Core Orienter and the Borehole Impression Device ...... 247 GAMON, T. I. & FINN, R. P. Simplified Descriptive Scheme and Classification System for the Logging of Cut Slope Faces ...... 253 GRIEFITHS, J. S. & MARSH, A. H. BS 5930: The Role of Geomorphological Techniques in a Preliminary Site Investigation ...... 261 HAWKINS, A. B. & OLVER, J. A. G. Point Load Tests: Correlation Factors and Contractual Use. An example from the Corallian at Weymouth ..... 269

HAWKINS, A. B. & PINCHES, G. Timing and Correct Chemical Testing of Soils/Weak Rocks ...... 273

HAWKINS, A. B. & PRIVETT, K. D. Residual Strength: Does BS 5930 Help or Hinder? ...... 279 HURLEY, M. R. & LAVENDER, M. D. Disturbed Sampling Using Reverse Circulation ...... 283

MARSLAND, A. The Choice of Test Methods in Site Investigation ...... 289 MARTIN, R. P. & HENCHER, S. R. Principles for Description and Classification of Weathered Rock for Engineering Purposes ...... 299 MATrHEWS, M. C. & CLAYTON, C. R. I. The Use of Oblique Aerial Photography to Investigate the Extent and Sequence of Landslipping at Stag Hill, Guildford, Surrey ...... 309 MEDAT, F. & WHYTE, I. L. An Appraisal of Soil Index Tests ...... 317 NORBURY, D. R. The Point Load Test ...... 325 NORBURY, D. R., CHILD, G. H. & SPINK, T. W. A Critical Review of Section 8 (BS 5930)--Soil and Rock Description ...... 331

PENN, S. The Effective Application of Electrical Conductivity Techniques in Site Investigations for Civil Engineers ...... 343

RYS, L. J. & WOOD, I. R. A Question of Priority--Product Before Procure- ment ...... 349

SCARROW, J. A. & GOSLING, R. C. An Example of Rotary Core Drilling in Soils ...... 357 SHEARMAN, D. J. Grain and Crystal Size in Rocks: Suggested Terminology . . 365 SIBLEY, M. H. t~ VADGAMA, N. J. Investigation of Ground Heave at I.C.I. Castner-Kellner Works, Runcorn ...... 367

SIDDLE, H. J., JONES, D. B. & WARREN, C. D. The Use of Tracer Techniques to Assess Groundwater Flows in Site Investigations ...... 375

SMART, P. Classification by Texture and Plasticity ...... 385

SMITH, N. A., WELCH, D. E. & TUNBRIDGE, L. W. Investigation of the Properties of Recent Nile Delta Deposits, Port Said, Egypt ...... 391 Downloaded from http://egsp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 28, 2021

CONTENTS xi

SOLERa, S. A. Site Investigation for Areas Affected by Limestone Workings . 399 TURKE, N. & DEAR~IAN, W. R. A New Procedure for Determination of Point Load Strength in Site Investigation ...... 405 VALLALLY, C. O. The 'Valvate' System Related to Percussive Boring and Sampling Techniques ...... 413 WHyrE, I. L. The Quality of U100 Sampling ...... 419