History 4805E: Warfare the HISTORY of the U.S

Western University – Department of History 2014-2015

History 4805E: Warfare THE HISTORY OF THE U.S. NAVY

USS Wedderburn firing, August 1964 U.S Navy Photo #1107281

Wednesdays 11:30 a.m. – 2:30 p.m. Location: Stevenson Hall 3166

Instructor: Professor Aldona Sendzikas Office Hours: Tuesdays 2:30-3:30 p.m (or by appointment) Office: Lawson Hall 1222 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: (519) 661-2111 x84377

Course Description: This year, the focus of HIS4805E will be the history of the United States Navy. We will examine:  the origins and structure of the USN, and its role from the Revolutionary War period to the present, with an emphasis on key developments, military conflicts, and individuals;  the historiography of U.S. naval history. We will evaluate the various ways that naval history has been recorded, including: official USN records, memoirs, historical accounts written by active and former USN personnel, historical accounts written by civilian historians, USN publications (such as manuals, commemorative publications, recruitment literature), public history sources (such as naval museums and monuments), and naval art;  naval customs and culture;  specific segments of the naval services, such as the Submarine Service, the Marine Corps, and the SEALs;  specific issues related to USN history, such as: women and minorities in the Navy; naval training; command and leadership.

Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the student:  will be familiar with the history and role of the USN, from its inception to the present;  will have a greater understanding of the significance of sea power in American history, and of the role of the USN within the larger context of the American armed forces;  will be acquainted with the historiography of the USN and its evolution, and will have evaluated the various ways naval history has been recorded, interpreted, and preserved;  will have had the opportunity to locate, examine, and critically analyze a variety of primary sources in American naval history;  will have developed a research question and corresponding historical argument, supported the argument with evidence from a combination of primary and secondary sources, and presented it in written form;  will have practiced and improved oral communication skills through classroom discussion and presentations.

Required Texts: 1) Nathan Miller, The U.S. Navy: A History (3rd edition), (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997) 2) Anthony Cowden, The Naval Institute Almanac of the U.S. Navy (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2005) 3) Craig L. Symonds, Decision at Sea: Five Naval Battles that Shaped American History (NY: Oxford University Press, 2005) 4) HIS 4805E Course Pack 5) Occasional online readings, as noted in the Class Schedule below 2 6) One novel (naval fiction) of the student’s choosing. (A list of suggested titles will be

provided in class.)

***Texts 1 through 4 are available for purchase at the Western Bookstore. Symonds’ Decision at Sea is also available online, through the Western Libraries website course reserves. There are also 2 hard copies of Miller’s book on one-day reserve at Weldon Library.***

Each class will usually consist of a seminar-style discussion of the assigned readings for that day, as well as a lecture providing the historical context for the readings. Most weeks will also include one, or sometimes two, student presentation(s).

Assignments and marks distribution:

 Primary document analysis (6-8 pages in length) 15%

 Presentation (approx. 10 minutes, + 5 minutes for questions/discussion), and written summary of presentation (5-6 pages in length). 15%

 Proposal and preliminary bibliography for research essay 10%

 Research essay (15-20 pages in length; on a topic of the student’s choosing, in consultation with the instructor): 20%

 Final exam (covering all lectures, readings, and class discussions; to be held during the April final exam period): 20%

 Class participation: 20%

Further instructions regarding the above assignments will be provided in class.

Written assignments must be submitted in paper form to the instructor at the start of class on the dueClass date, participation: and in electronic form to www.turnitin.com by the same date and20% time. (Use the assignment submission link on the OWL course website.)

Late assignments: A late penalty of 5% for the first day, and 2% for each day after the first day (including Saturdays and Sundays) will be incurred for all written work submitted after the due date and time. Late papers should be submitted to the History Department (Lawson Hall 2201) drop box, as well as electronically to www.turnitin.com. Keep a copy of each of your written assignments until you receive the grade for it.

Please note that papers submitted on the due date but after the start of class (11:30 a.m.) will be considered late and subject to a 2% penalty.

Dates for presentations will be determined after the first class session. In the case of absence on an assigned presentation date, the student will have the choice of either re-scheduling the presentation to the soonest available date, or forfeiting the marks for the presentation. Missing a presentation date due to an unauthorized absence (i.e., no documentation from Academic Counseling) will result in a late penalty of 5% per week.

Please note, however, that HIS 4805E is an essay course. According to Western’s Academic Handbook, an essay course “…must be so structured that the student is required to demonstrate competence in essay writing to pass the course.” In this class, that means that students must complete and submit all three writing assignments (i.e., primary document analysis, presentation summary, and research essay) in order to pass the course.

Expectations:  Regular attendance.  Completion of all assigned readings and active, informed participation in class discussion, based on those readings.  Courtesy and respect towards other members of the class.  Be present! Turn off cell phones and other technological devices. Laptops are allowed if they are used to take notes or to access online assigned readings; they are NOT to be used in class for any other purpose.  All of the above points will be taken into account by the instructor when assigning participation marks.

Policy on Absences and Extensions: Students should read carefully the Faculty of Social Science “Instructions for Students Registered in Social Science Who are Unable to Write Tests or Examinations or Submit Assignments as Scheduled.” They are appended to this syllabus. Pressures of work or computer/printer difficulties do not constitute acceptable reasons for an extension.

If you require an extension or other type of academic accommodation, for either medical or non- medical reasons, contact Academic Counseling. Students are reminded that academic accommodation on medical grounds can in most instances only be granted if supported by a University of Western Ontario Student Medical Certificate. This form can be accessed at the following website: https://studentservices.uwo.ca/secure/index.cfm, or can be picked up at the Academic Counseling Office in the student’s home faculty. (For Social Science students: SSC 2105.) Further detail on this policy can be found at this same website.

Statement on Academic Offences: “Scholastic offences are taken seriously and students are directed to read the appropriate policy, specifically, the definition of what constitutes a Scholastic Offence, at the following Web site: http://www.uwo.ca/univsec/pdf/academic_policies/appeals/scholastic_discipline_undergrad.pdf.”

Plagiarism: Plagiarism is a serious academic issue which can result in failure (i.e., a grade of zero) on an assignment or more serious penalties. Plagiarism is reported to the Department Chair and the Faculty Dean. Students may be asked to submit research notes, and so students should keep all research notes for all assignments until after they have obtained their final grade in the course.

A copy of the Faculty of Social Science’s policy on plagiarism is attached to this syllabus. Students should familiarize themselves with this policy.

Note: "All required papers may be subject to submission for textual similarity review to the commercial plagiarism detection software under license to the University for the detection of plagiarism. All papers submitted will be included as source documents in the reference database for the purpose of detecting plagiarism of papers subsequently submitted to the system. Use of the service is subject to the licensing agreement, currently between The University of Western Ontario and Turnitin.com (http://www.turnitin.com).” [http://www.uwo.ca/univsec/pdf/academic_policies/exam/crsout.pdf]

Final Examination: There will be a three hour final exam for this course, which will take place during the April exam period (April 11-30th, 2015). Students are advised not to make travel plans or other commitments for this period until the university publishes the exam schedule.

Support Services  The website for the UWO Office of the Registrar is: http://www.registrar.uwo.ca.  UWO has many services and programs that support the personal, physical, social, and academic needs of students, in a confidential environment. o The Student Development Centre (SDC) has trained staff and an array of services to help students achieve their personal, academic and professional goals. See: http://www.sdc.uwo.ca. o The Services for Students with Disabilities office (SSD) has staff members who specialize in assisting students with various disabilities to adjust to the university environment. See: http://www.sdc.uwo.ca/ssd. o For information related to accessibility, including accessible routes, temporary service disruptions, and university policies related to accessibility issues, see: http://www.accessibility.uwo.ca/students/.

CLASS SCHEDULE

Week 1 (Sept. 10th): Welcome aboard!: An introduction to the U.S. Navy. Review of syllabus.

Week 2 (Sept. 17th): Naval historiography. Naval history sources. Readings to be completed for today’s class: From the course pack:  Russell F. Weigley, “How Americans Wage War: The Evolution of National Strategy”  Richard H. Kohn, “Exploring the Social History of the Military”  Alex Roland, “Weapons and Technology Drive the American Military.”  John Keegan, “Introduction,” in The Price of Admiralty: The Evolution of Naval Warfare  Samuel Eliot Morison, excerpt from “Vistas of History.” Online:  James Fenimore Cooper, History of the Navy of the United States of America (3rd edition, Volume 1, 1848). Read: Dedication and Preface. Skim: Table of Contents. (Available online through Western Libraries website.)  Theodore Roosevelt, The Naval War of 1812 (3rd edition, 1883). Read: Preface and Chapter 1. (Available online at: www.gutenberg.org.)  Browse: www.navy.mil and www.navy.com ► Sign up for presentation dates today.

Week 3 (Sept. 24th): Navy culture.  Cowden, pp. 71-82; 138-165; 193-232. From the course pack:  Excerpt from The Bluejacket’s Manual. United States Navy. 10th edition, 1940.  James Webb, “Defending the Navy’s Culture” (1996). Online:  David Lowenthal, “Fabricating Heritage,” in History and Memory, Vol. 10, No. 1, Spring 1998, pp. 5-24. (PDF available for downloading through Western Libraries website.)  Thomas E. Ricks, “‘New’ Marines Illustrate Growing Gap Between Military and Society,” in The Wall Street Journal, 27 July 1995, pp. A1 and A4. (Available online through Western Libraries website.) ► Specific topics for weekly presentations to be submitted to instructor by today!

Week 4 (Oct. 1st): Origins of the USN. The Revolutionary War.  Symonds, “Prologue: Naval Battles and History”  Miller, chapters 1 and 2 Online:  Rules for the Regulation of the Navy of the United Colonies of North America (28 November 1775). (Available on the NHHC website.)  David Steel, The Elements and Practice of Rigging and Seamanship (London, 1794): browse quickly through this manual; browse carefully through the section on “Naval Tactics” (pp. 347-396); and read closely pp. 347-348, 379-380, and 391-396. (Available at: www.hnsa.org/doc/.) ► Presentations begin.

Week 5 (Oct. 8th): The War of 1812.  Miller, chapter 3.  Symonds, Part One: The Battle of Lake Erie, 1813 From the course pack:  Thomas Jefferson, “Occupation of the Ocean” (1785)  James Madison, “Impressment of American Seamen” (1803)  James Madison, “War Message” (1812)  Usher Parsons, “Surgical Account of the Battle on Lake Erie” (1813)  Zebulon R. Shipherd, “Sailors’ Rights and Free Trade” (1804)  Stephen M. Carmel, “The Big Myth of Somali Pirates” (2010)

Week 6 (Oct. 15th): The naval profession. Recruitment and training. The United States Naval Academy.  Miller, chapter 4. Online:  Herman Melville, White-Jacket, or The World in a Man-of-War: Preface, and chapters III, VI, XVI and XVIII. (Available through Western Libraries website. Use 1892 edition.)  United States General Accounting Office, Military Education: Information on Service Academies and Schools. (Briefing Report to Congressional Requesters.) (Washington, DC: September 1993.) (Available through Western Libraries website.)  “Our Navy. Its offense is rank,” in The Republican, Springfield, MA, 22 September 1869. (Available through Western Libraries website. American Broadsides and Ephemera, First Series, No. 12746).

Week 7 (Oct. 22nd): The Marine Corps: origins, mission, history. From the course pack:  LCDR E.W. Broadbent, USN, “The Fleet and the Marines”  Lt.Col. Robert D. Heinl, Jr., USMC, “The Cat with More than Nine Lives”

Online:  Melville, White-Jacket: chapter LXXXIX. (Available through Western Libraries website.)  Browse:  www.marines.com and www.marines.mil  USN Fleet Publication 167: Landing Operations Doctrine, 1938 (http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/Amphibious/Amphibious- 1.html#I) ► Title of primary document chosen for Document Analysis assignment must be provided to the instructor by today!

Week 8 (Oct. 29th): The Civil War. The evolution from sail to steam.  Miller, chapter 5.  Symonds, Part Two: The Battle of Hampton Roads, 1862 Online:  John M. Browne, “The Duel Between the ‘Alabama’ and the ‘Kearsarge.’ By the Surgeon of the ‘Kearsarge,’” in Century Illustrated Magazine, Vol. 0031, Issue 6, April 1886. (Available online through Western Libraries website.)  P.D. Haywood, “Life on the ‘Alabama.’ By One of the Crew.” in Century Illustrated Magazine, Vol. 0031, Issue 6, April 1886. [Same source as above.]  Commodore S.B. Luce, USN, Text-book of Seamanship: The Equipping and Handling of Vessels Under Sail or Steam (NY, 1891): Chapter XII (Stowage), Chapter XVIII (Organization), and Appendix G (Miscellaneous Routine, pp. 614-618). (Available at: www.hnsa.org/doc/.)

Week 9 (Nov. 5th): Sea power in an age of imperialism. Mahan, Roosevelt, and the “Great White Fleet.”  Miller, chapter 6.  Symonds, Part Three: The Battle of Manila Bay, 1898 From the course pack:  Alfred Thayer Mahan, “The United States Looking Outward” (1890)  Theodore Roosevelt, “Why the Nation Needs an Effective Navy” (1908)  Lucia Ames Mead, “What Our Navy Costs Us” (1909)

Week 10 (Nov. 12th): Ships, weapons, and naval technology.  Cowden, pp. 83-138 From the course pack:  Katherine C. Epstein, “ ‘No One Can Afford to Say “Damn the Torpedoes”’: Battle Tactics and U.S. Naval History Before World War I” (2013). Online:  E.W. Jolie, A Brief History of U.S. Navy Torpedo Development (NUSC Technical Document 5436, 1978): pp. 1-56. (Available at: www.hnsa.org/doc/.)

Week 11 (Nov. 19th): World War I.  Miller, chapter 7. ► Document analysis due!

Week 12 (Nov. 26th): Submarines. Online:  William P. Gruner, U.S. Pacific Submarines in World War II  Browse through The Fleet Type Submarine (Navpers 16160; 1946).  USS Wahoo War Patrol Report: read the introduction, titled “History of USS Wahoo (SS- 238),” and “Report of First War Patrol” (23 Aug.-17 Oct. 1942).  Submarine Medicine Practice (Navmed-P 5054; 1956): read Chapter 18 (Submarine Habitability and Clothing) and Chapter 19 (Submarine Personnel Selection and Assessment).  “Loss of the USS Tang” (pp. 250-259) in CDR Ivan F. Duff, “Medical Experiences of Submariners as Recorded in 1,471 Submarine Patrol Reports in World War II” (1949) All of the above are available at: www.hnsa.org/doc/.

Week 13 (Dec. 3rd): Leadership. Mutiny. Discipline and punishment. From the course pack:  CAPT James Stavridis, USN and VADM William P. Mack, USN (Ret.), “Taking Command” (1999)  Excerpt from Principles and Problems of Naval Leadership. NAVPERS 15924. Prepared by the Dept. of the Navy, Bureau of Naval Personnel (1959)  Peter Fretwell and Taylor Baldwin Killand, “Leadership Lessons from the Hanoi Hilton” (2009)  Leonard F. Guttridge, excerpt from Mutiny: A History of Naval Insurrection (1992)  LCDR Benjamin Armstrong, USN, “Leadership and Command” (2012)  Sen. John McCain, “Leadership over Management” (2012)  Corporal Michael K. Adams, USMC, “Leadership and the Private’s Agenda” (2006) Online:  Melville, White-Jacket: chapters XXXII – XXXVI (on flogging). (Available through Western Libraries website.)  “Hobson’s Choice,” in The Wall Street Journal (14 May 1952), p. 10. (Available through Western Libraries website.)  Vermont Royster, “Thinking Things Over: Ordeal of a Captain,” in The Wall Street Journal, 30 January 1969, p. 10. (Available through Western Libraries website.)  Gerry J. Gilmore, “Sub Skipper Reprimanded for Ehime Maru Incident,” U.S. Department of Defense website. [Go to www.defense.gov and do a search using the title of the article.]

Week 14 (Jan. 7th): Divers, UDTs, and SEALs.  No assigned readings for this week. (You should be working on your reading for next week.)

Week 15 (Jan. 14th): Naval literature.  A naval fiction novel of your choice. (Suggested titles will be distributed in class at end of first term.) Online:  See what the Navy is reading: browse www.navyreading.navy.mil.

Week 16 (Jan. 21st): World War II.  Miller, chapters 8 and 9. From the course pack:  “The Strategic Tradition of A.T. Mahan: Strategists of the Pacific War.” In Russell F. Weigley, The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy  Theodore C. Mason, excerpt from Battleship Sailor  William J. Lederer, excerpt from “All the Ship’s at Sea.”

Week 17 (Jan. 28th): World War II.  Symonds, Part Four: The Battle of Midway, 1942 From the course pack:  Excerpt from John Keegan, The Price of Admiralty: The Evolution of Naval Warfare  Barrett Tillman, “The Carrier Comes of Age” (2010)  Excerpt from Samuel Eliot Morison, The Two-Ocean War: A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War (1963)

Week 18 (Feb. 4th): World War II. Online:  Office of Naval Intelligence, “Combat Narrative—Battle of Midway, June 3-6, 1942” (1943). (Available through the Navy Department Library Online Reading Room: http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/readingroom.htm)  Know Your PT Boat (Technical Publication No. 9, NAVSHIPS 250-222-1, July 1945). (Available at: www.hnsa.org/doc/.)  Pocket Guide to Japan. Prepared by the Army Information Branch, U.S. Army, for the War and Navy Departments, 1945. (Available through the Navy Department Library Online Reading Room.)

Week 19 (Feb. 11th): Ceremonies and traditions. Online:  Melville, White-Jacket, chapter XL: “Some of the Ceremonies in a Man-of-War Unnecessary and Injurious.” (Available through Western Libraries website.)  “Change of Command Ceremony”: sample brochure. (Available through the Navy Department Library Online Reading Room.)  Newport Fleet Officers’ Wives, Guidelines: Naval Social Customs. (Available through the Navy Department Library Online Reading Room.)  “Mess Night Manual,” Naval School, Civil Engineer Corps Officers, Port Hueneme, CA, August 1986. (Available through the Navy Department Library Online Reading Room.)  “The Royal Works: A Souvenir of the Neptune Party held 20 May 1936 in the United States Ship Lexington.” (Available through the Navy Department Library Online Reading Room.)

Feb. 16th-20th: CONFERENCE WEEK *** No class Feb. 18th ***

Week 20 (Feb. 25th): Race and desegregation in the USN. From the course pack:  “Introduction.” In The Golden Thirteen: Recollections of the First Black Naval Officers. Ed. Paul Stilwell.  “The Four Freedoms, White Supremacy, and Doris ‘Dorie’ Miller.” In Richard E. Miller, The Messman Chronicles: African Americans in the U.S. Navy, 1932-1943.  “The Fahy Committee.” In Dennis D. Nelson, The Integration of the Negro into the U.S. Navy (1951) Online:  “Defeat” (poem) by Witter Bynner: http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/poets/bynner.php  Executive Order 9981, 26 July 1948: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/9981.htm  Guide to the Command of Negro Naval Personnel (1945). (Available through the Navy Department Library Online Reading Room.)  United States Congress, Study of Population and Immigration Problems: Inquiry into the Enlistment of Nationals of the Republic of the Philippines in the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Coast Guard. (Hearings before the United States House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee No. 1, 88th Congress, first session, on 14 August 1963.) (Available through Western Libraries website.)  Z-gram #57, 10 November 1970, and Z-gram #66, 17 December 1970. (Available on the NHHC website.)  Proposal and preliminary bibliography for research essay due today!

Week 21 (Mar. 4th): The post-war Navy.  Miller, chapter 10. From the course pack:  Edward J. Marolda, “The Cold War’s First Conflict” (2010)  William J. Toti, “The Wrath of Rickover” (2010)  “Polaris Action: All Aboard Ethan Allen” (1960). Online:  Submarine Medicine Practice (Navmed-P 5054; 1956): read Chapter 22 (Medical Problems of Future Submarines) (Available at: www.hnsa.org/doc/.)  Principles of Guided Missiles and Nuclear Weapons (Navpers 10784, 1959): read p. ii and pp. 1-18. (Available at: www.hnsa.org/doc/.)

Week 22 (Mar. 11th): Women in the USN. From the course pack:  D’Ann Campbell, “The Evolving Relationship of Women and Combat” (1999)  “Women in Aviation.” In Jean Ebbert and Marie-Beth Hall, Crossed Currents: Navy Women from WWI to Tailhook (1993)  Stephen L. Jackson, “The Problems and Possibilities of Gender Integration in the United States Navy Submarine Force” (2010)  RADMs Martha Herb and Tony Kurta, USN, “Sexual Assault: A Fleet Readiness Problem” (2013) Online:  Z-gram #116, 7 August 1972. (Available on the NHHC website.)

Week 23 (Mar. 18th): “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”: The evolution of USN policy regarding gay and lesbian sailors. From the course pack:  Excerpts from The End of Don’t Ask Don’t Tell: The Impact in Studies and Personal Essays by Service Members and Veterans, ed. by J. Ford Huffman and Tammy S. Schulz.  “Taking Sides: Repealing ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,’” in U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 136/7/1,289, July 2010, pp. 66-67. Online:  John Loughery, “Chapter 1: A New Order—Scandal in Newport,” in The Other Side of Silence: Men’s Lives and Gay Identities—A Twentieth Century History (1998). Available at: www.nytimes.com/books/first/l/loughery-silence.html.

Week 24 (Mar. 25th): Sources of naval history: oral histories, art, memorials, museums. From the course pack:  James W. Loewen, “Celebrating Illegal Submarine Warfare” and “Selective Memory at USS Intrepid.” In Lies Across America: What Our Historic Sites Get Wrong.

Online:  Evelyn M. Cherpak, “The WAVES in World War II Oral History Project,” in The Northern Mariner, XVIII, Nos. 3-4, July-Oct. 2008, pp. 185-195. (Available at: http://www.cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol18/tnm_18_3-4_185-195.pdf)  Browse:  Independence Seaport Museum website: www.phillyseaport.org  Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum website: www.intrepidmuseum.org  Listings of historic naval ship museums on: www.hnsa.org  U.S. Navy Memorial website: www.navymemorial.org  U.S. Navy Museum website: http://www.history.navy.mil/branches/org8-1.htm  Naval Undersea Museum website: http://www.history.navy.mil/museums/keyport/index1.htm

Week 25 (April 1st): The modern Navy.  Miller, chapter 11 and “Epilogue.”  Symonds, Part Five: Operation Praying Mantis, The Persian Gulf, 1988  Symonds, “Epilogue”  Cowden, pp. 3-70. From the course pack:  “Lessons of Desert Shield/Desert Storm.” In James L. George, The U.S. Navy in the 1990s: Alternatives for Action.  “The War on Terror.” In Voyages: The Age of Engines. (Documents in American Maritime History, Volume II, 1865- Present.) Ed. Joshua M. Smith and the National Maritime Historical Society.  R.B. Watts, “The End of Sea Power” (2009)  James R. Holmes, “What’s the Matter with Mahan?” (2011)  ADM Jonathan Greenert, USN, “Navy, 2025: Forward Warfighters” (2011)

Week 26 (April 8th): ESSAYS DUE!  Wrap-up  Exam review

ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS

Prerequisites and Antirequisites:

Unless you have either the requisites for this course, as described in the Academic Calendar description of the course, or written special permission from your Dean to enroll in it, you may be removed from this course and it will be deleted from your record. This decision may not be appealed. You will receive no adjustment to your fees in the event that you are dropped from a course for failing to have the necessary prerequisites. The Academic Calendar description of each course also indicates which classes are

considered antirequisites, i.e., to cover such similar material that students are not permitted to receive academic credit for both courses.

Academic Offences:

Scholastic Offences are taken seriously and students are directed to read the appropriate policy, specifically, the definition of what constitute a Scholastic Offence, at the following Web site: http://www.uwo.ca/univsec/pdf/academic_policies/appeals/scholastic_discipline_undergrad.pdf

Plagiarism:

Students must write their essays and assignments in their own words. Whenever students take an idea, or a passage from another author, they must acknowledge their debt both by using quotation marks where appropriate and by proper referencing such as footnotes or citations. Plagiarism is a major academic offense (see Scholastic Offence Policy in the Western Academic Calendar).

All required papers may be subject to submission for textual similarity review to the commercial plagiarism detection software under license to the University for the detection of plagiarism. All papers submitted will be included as source documents in the reference database for the purpose of detecting plagiarism of papers subsequently submitted to the system. Use of the service is subject to the licensing agreement, currently between The University of Western Ontario and Turnitin.com (http://www.turnitin.com).

The following rules pertain to the acknowledgements necessary in academic papers.

A. In using another writer's words, you must both place the words in quotation marks and acknowledge that the words are those of another writer.

You are plagiarizing if you use a sequence of words, a sentence or a paragraph taken from other writers without acknowledging them to be theirs. Acknowledgement is indicated either by (1) mentioning the author and work from which the words are borrowed in the text of your paper; or by (2) placing a footnote number at the end of the quotation in your text, and including a correspondingly numbered footnote at the bottom of the page (or in a separate reference section at the end of your essay). This footnote should indicate author, title of the work, place and date of Publication and page number. Method (2) given above is usually preferable for academic essays because it provides the reader with more information about your sources and leaves your text uncluttered with parenthetical and tangential references. In either case words taken from another author must be enclosed in quotation marks or set off from your text by single spacing and indentation in such a way that they cannot be mistaken for your own words. Note that you cannot avoid indicating quotation simply by changing a word or phrase in a sentence or paragraph which is not your own.

B. In adopting other writer's ideas, you must acknowledge that they are theirs.

You are plagiarizing if you adopt, summarize, or paraphrase other writers' trains of argument, ideas or sequences of ideas without acknowledging their authorship according to the method of acknowledgement given in 'At above. Since the words are your own, they need not be enclosed in quotation marks. Be certain, however, that the words you use are entirely your

own; where you must use words or phrases from your source; these should be enclosed in quotation marks, as in 'A' above.

Clearly, it is possible for you to formulate arguments or ideas independently of another writer who has expounded the same ideas, and whom you have not read. Where you got your ideas is the important consideration here. Do not be afraid to present an argument or idea without acknowledgement to another writer, if you have arrived at it entirely independently. Acknowledge it if you have derived it from a source outside your own thinking on the subject.

In short, use of acknowledgements and, when necessary, quotation marks is necessary to distinguish clearly between what is yours and what is not. Since the rules have been explained to you, if you fail to make this distinction, your instructor very likely will do so for you, and they will be forced to regard your omission as intentional literary theft. Plagiarism is a serious offence which may result in a student's receiving an 'F' in a course or, in extreme cases, in their suspension from the University.

Medical Issues:

The University recognizes that a student’s ability to meet his/her academic responsibilities may, on occasion, be impaired by medical illness. Please go to https://studentservices.uwo.ca/secure/medical_accommodations_link_for_OOR.pdf to read about the University’s policy on medical accommodation. This site provides links the necessary forms. In the event of illness, you should contact Academic Counselling as soon as possible. The Academic Counsellors will determine, in consultation with the student, whether or not accommodation should be requested. They will subsequently contact the instructors in the relevant courses about the accommodation. Once the instructor has made a decision about whether to grant an accommodation, the student should contact his/her instructors to determine a new due date for tests, assignments, and exams.

SUPPORT SERVICES: Students who are in emotional/mental distress should refer to Mental Health@Western, http://www.uwo.ca/uwocom/mentalhealth/ for a complete list of options about how to obtain help.

Please contact the course instructor if you require material in an alternate format or if you require any other arrangements to make this course more accessible to you. You may also wish to contact Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD) at 661-2111 x 82147 for any specific question regarding an accommodation.

If you have any further questions or concerns please contact, Rebecca Dashford, Undergraduate Program Advisor, Department of History, 519-661-2111 x84962 or [email protected]

rev.13July2014