Cent'anni Del Sogno

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Cent'anni Del Sogno Happyend “Felliniano” è ormai entrato nel gergo cinematografico, e non solo, in tutto il mondo, tanto il suo cinema è stato così personale e una fonte FEDERICO FELLINI di ispirazione costante. Il 20 gennaio 2020 CENT’ANNI il miglior regista italiano di sempre compie un secolo DEL SOGNO di Paolo Mereghetti ICONA DEL CINEMA Federico Fellini ha conquistato quattro premi Oscar per La Strada (1957), Le notti di Cabiria (1958), 8 ½ (1964) e Amarcord (1975). Nel 1993 gli fu conferito l’Oscar alla carriera. Fu candidato 12 volte. Federico Fellini won four Oscar awards for La Strada GETTY COLLECTION/CORBIS/ SPRINGER JOHN IMAGES (1957), The Nights of Cabiria (1958), 8 ½ (1964) and Amarcord (1975). In 1993 he was awarded the Oscar for Lifetime Achievement. Fellini got 12 Oscar nominations. 124 _ ULISSE _ gennaio 2020 ULISSE _ gennaio 2020 _ 125 Happyend FILM NELLA STORIA La dolce vita, premiato con AEROPORTIARCHIVIO ROMA DI la Palma d’oro a Cannes nel AGF / ARCHIVE HOLLYWOOD THE 1960, accanto; Amarcord, in cui, in una scena, c’è una giovane comparsa, Eros Ramazzotti sotto. La Dolce Vita, won the Palme d’Or at Cannes in 1960, next; as a kid, Italian singer Eros QUANDO ULISSE Ramazzotti appeared as an extra INCONTRÒ FELLINI in a scene of Amarcord, below. Nel 1985, Federico Fellini concesse un’intervista a Ulisse, fi rmata da Ennio Cavalli. Eccone un estratto. iciamo la verità: c’è solo un nome che sta sopra a tutto il cinema «L’Italia? Come si fa a parlare italiano, applaudito e conosciuto da tutti e d’ovunque, quello di obiettivamente, con distacco, del Federico Fellini. A cent’anni dalla sua nascita (il 20 gennaio 1920) luogo in cui sei nato e vivi? È come e a ventisei dalla morte (il 31 ottobre 1993), il suo cinema continua parlare di se stessi: un giorno ti D piaci, un altro un po’ meno, vorresti ad affascinare come nessun altro, con quei suoi film che partono verso una direzione e poi ne prendono un’altra, quei personaggi che essere di un’altra razza, di un altro pianeta e magari fi nisci per nascondono facce diverse, quei mondi che sembrano così semplici e accertarti quando sentivi inevitabile precisi e invece si rivelano complessi e trasparenti. un certo rifi uto. Comunque mi pare In una lettera allo sceneggiatore Tullio Pinelli, Fellini scriveva: «ho avuto la conferma che Italia sia un nome bellissimo, che ciò che abbiamo inventato è tutto autentico». Era il 1952, Fellini aveva appena insostituibile. Suggerisce un’idea esordito con Luci del varietà (nel 1950, diretto insieme ad Alberto Lattuada) e con di chiaro. È sereno, disteso. Ha un Lo sceicco bianco (nel 1952, da un’idea di Antonioni) ma aveva già ben chiaro il suono dolce, materno. C’era anche metodo che lo avrebbe accompagnato tutta la vita: sfruttare la libertà del cinema un’idea dell’Italia intesa come patria per ricreare i mondi che voleva filmare, affrancarsi dalle catene del neorealismo, dai vagamente minacciosa, che dovevi volti presi dalla strada, per arrivare a raccontare una verità più autentica, più sincera, amare, rispettare, fi no a morire per lei. Alla fi gura dolce, rasserenante, più sua. muliebre e avvolgente come una Fellini aveva cominciato con le caricature e le vignette, affinando quell’arma dell’iro- divinità marina, veniva sostituito il nia che poi avrebbe spesso rivolto anche su se stesso: si nascondeva, si schermiva, si cipiglio fi ero e corrucciato di una MARY EVANS / AGF / EVANS MARY minimizzava (nonostante cinque Oscar vinti: per La strada, Le notti di Cabiria, 8½, madre marzíale che pretendeva da Amarcord e per l’insieme della carriera). Non era uomo da contrasti, da contrappo- noi il sacrifi cio totale. Mi chiedevo: sizioni frontali, preferiva il sorriso al ghigno e alle urla. Ma non per questo chiudeva chissà se anche la Scozia, la gli occhi di fronte al dolore. Finlandia, l’Ecuador esigono questo Nella leggerezza frivola di La dolce vita, il suicidio di Steiner e la morte dei suoi due dai propri nativi?» figli rivelavano un regista comunque cupo e dolente, che a partire dall’episodio or- Che cosa rende dolce la vita in questo Paese? «Il paesaggio, il rorifico di Tre passi nel delirio spingerà lo spettatore a fare sempre più i conti con la cielo, le opere d’arte, la bellezza morte e la sofferenza. Sotto forma di una devastante palla di ferro che distrugge tutto metafi sica di certe piazze, la grazia (Prova d’orchestra) o di una coazione a ripetere che riduce il principe dei seduttori a di certi paesi, l’infi nita ricchezza giocattolo meccanico (Il Casanova), il mondo di Fellini tra un sorriso e una battuta ASSOCIATI/ PRATURLON/REPORTERS PIERLUIGI delle nostre chiese e cattedrali, rivelava un lato sempre più malinconico e funereo, un mondo sguaiato e volgare (l’u- battisteri, torri e monumenti. C’è il niverso televisivo di Ginger e Fred, la sagra dello gnocco di La voce della luna) che carattere mite e laborioso di tanti ha finito per alienargli una parte delle simpatie del pubblico. Se pensiamo a quanto italiani, specialmente in provincia, sia importante il successo per ogni artista, possiamo anche capire cosa gli sia costata che mi fa amare il Paese in cui sono questa coerenza con le proprie idee. nato. C’è questo profondo senso WEBPHOTO cristiano della comprensione, Ma proprio questo è ciò che fa la sua grandezza: la capacità di leggere l’Italia con una della tolleranza, anche quando IL SOGNO DEL REGISTA lucidità che non è mai arretrata di fronte al pensiero dominante, negli anni Cinquanta sei tentato di dubitare che esista 8 ½, uno dei capolavori indiscussi riuscendo a trovare il riscatto dove c’era dolore e sofferenza su cui troppi si ostinava- ancora». Simbolo di questa Italia del cinema italiano, sopra. Fellini no a lanciare proclami (la «Grazia» che toccava lo Zampanò di La strada, l’Augusto resta sempre una bella donna? con la moglie, Giulietta Masina «Una bella dorina bruna che ti e con il suo attore feticcio, di Il bidone, l’ingenua prostituta di Le notti di Cabiria), poi smontando l’ottimismo Marcello Mastroianni, nella del Boom (l’illusoria superficialità di La dolce vita, l’apparente svagatezza di 8½) e accoglie a braccia aperte, con pagina accanto, sopra e sotto. rileggendo passato (Amarcord) e presente (Roma) con un sorriso sempre meno conso- un sorriso assolutorio, sfumato, vagamente ironico ... Insomma il 8 ½, one of the masterpieces latorio, per arrivare (da La città delle donne a E la nave va agli ultimi film) a mettere of Italian cinema, above. Fellini in scena un mondo vieppiù confuso e volgare anche se apparentemente spensierato e sorriso della Gioconda, che forse andrebbe preso veramente come alongside his wife, Giuliettta ridanciano. Come un grande antropologo, che non voleva angosciare il suo pubblico Masina, and his favorite actor, l’emblema fi gurativo del nostro Marcello Mastroianni, next page, con storie tristi ma che fino all’ultimo non ha potuto fare a meno di raccontare il mon- Paese». above and below. do in cui viveva, anche se nel frattempo quel mondo non gli piaceva più. 126 _ ULISSE _ gennaio 2020 ULISSE _ gennaio 2020 _ 127 ULISSE MET FELLINI Happyend In 1985, Federico Fellini granted Ulisse an interview, by Ennio Cavalli. Here is an extract «Italy? How can you speak objectively, with detachment, of the place where one L‘ANGELO GIULIETTA was born and lives? It’s like talking about Giulietta Masina yourself. One day you like what you are, è Gelsomina ne La strada, another day, you like yourself a little less. accanto, e Cabiria ne Le notti di Cabiria, sotto. You’d like to belong to another race – MARY EVANS / AGF / EVANS MARY another planet and perhaps you end Giulietta Masina is up accepting yourself when you feel a Gelsomina in La Strada, PORTFOLIO BIASI/MONDADORI DE MARIO next, and Cabiria in FEDERICO FELLINI certain rejection is inevitable. However, I The Nights of Cabiria, think that Italia is a beautiful, unbeatable below. name. It suggests an idea of clarity. It is A ONE-HUNDRED serene, relaxed. It has a soft, maternal sound. There was also an idea of Italy as a vaguely threatening motherland, which YEAR-OLD DREAM you had to love and respect and even die for. The sweet, reassuring fi gure, feminine The term “Fellinian” is today commonly used worldwide given and enveloping as a marine divinity, was replaced by the proud and harsh look of Fellini’s original way to make films. His movies still today are a warlike mother who demanded total a source of inspiration. January 20 2020 marks the 100th sacrifi ce from us. I used to ask myself, CORBIS VIA GETTYVIA CORBIS IMAGES “Who knows if Scotland, Finland and anniversary of the birth of the best Italian director of all time Ecuador also expect this from their own people». et’s face it: there is one name that stands out above all the others in Italian What makes life pleasant in this country? cinema, that of a universally applauded director known by everyone «The landscape, the sky, the works of everywhere: Federico Fellini. A hundred years after his birth (on January art, the metaphysical beauty of certain 20th 1920) and twenty-six years after his death (on October 31st 1993), his squares, the charm of certain villages, movies still fascinate us like no others, with those stories that set off in one the infi nite richness of our churches way and then head in quite a different direction, those characters that conceal and cathedrals, baptisteries, towers and L different faces, those worlds that seem so simple and precise and instead turn monuments.
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