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Geology and Ore Deposits of Shoshone County, Idaho

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Geology and Ore Deposits of Shoshone County, Idaho DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALBERT B. FALL, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 732 GEOLOGY AND ORE DEPOSITS OF SHOSHONE COUNTY, IDAHO BY JOSEPH B. UMPLEBY AND E. L. JONES, JR. WASHINGTON -GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1923 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 40 CENTS PER COPY PURCHASER AGREES NOT TO RESELL OB DISTRIBUTEJlHIS COPY FOR PROFIT. PUB. RES. 57, APPROVED MAY 11, 1922 n * .. : " " CONTENTS. Page. Introduction_____________________________________ 1 Acknowledgments________________________________ 2 Location and extent of area______________^___________ 2 History and production_____________________________ 3 Ore reserves____________________________________ 4 Topography _ _________________..__________ 6 General geology _________________________ 7 Sedimentary rocks__________________..__________ 7 Prichard formation ___________________________ 7 Burke formation_____________________________ 7 Revett quartzite____________________________ 8 St. Regis formation ________________________ S Newland ("Wallace") formation_________________ 8 Striped Peak formation________________________ n Igneous rocks________________________________ 9 Structure .________________________________ 10 General features _____________:____________ 10 Osburn fault____________________________ 11 Placer Creek fault___________________________ 14 Other faults______________________________ 14 Ore deposits _ _____..____________ 14 General character ________________________ 14 Distribution __________________________________ 15 Geographic distribution..______________________ 15 Geologic distribution ____..___________________ 16 General features of the ores______________________ 18 Mineralogy _ ________________________ 20 Classification______ ________________ _ 24 Deposits in igneous rocks_______________________ 2r» Deposits in sedimentary rocks__________________-___ 27 Disseminated deposits. ______________ ..____ 27 Copper___ __ _ _ 28 Sphalerite and galena ___ 30 Pyrite____ _________ _____ .. 31 Siderite_____________________________ 31 Contact-metamorphic replacement deposits.__ _ 32 Geologic relations___ _ 33 Distribution and form______ ____ ' 35 The ores ___ 37 Metamorphic phenomena 38 Replacement deposits along fissures and fracture zones 41 Lead-silver deposits 42 ' Importance _ ' 42 Distribution 43 Relation to rocks of different character 43 Characteristic features J5 Mineralogy _ 46 in IV CONTENTS. Ore deposits Continued. Deposits in sedimentary rocks Continued. Replacement deposits along fissures and fracture zones Con. Lead-silver deposits Continued. ° Page. Paragenesis of the primary ore minerals_____ 47 Scope of descriptions_____________________ 48 Lodes near Wardne'r_____________________ 49 Lodes near Mullan______________________ 63 Lodes on Canyon Creek___________________ 70 Lodes on Ninemile Creek______ ___________ 82 Other lead-silver lodes of Shoshone County_______ 84 Pine Creek________________________ 84 Murray ______ ________________..___ 85 Prichard Creek__________ ____ SO Area east of Pottsville_________________ 87 Slate Creek _______________________ 87 Placer Creek ______________________ S8 Wallace and Wardner_________________ 88 Zinc deposits _____-____ _ ___________ 90 General features________________________ 90 Interstate-Callahan mine_________________ 93 Success mine __________________________ 95 Rex mine____________________________ 98 Helena-Frisco mine________ _______ 100 Morning lode __________________....______ 102 Paragon groups .-.- _______ 103 Murray Hill mine_ ____ __ ____________ 104 Terrible Edith mine_____________________ 105 Deposits of the Pine Creek district____________ 105 Copper deposits ______ ______ 100 Relation to rocks of different character__________ 100 Form and distribution____________________. 100 Siderite veins_________________________ 110 Southern area _____ _ ________ 110 Deposits in dinbase along St. Joe river_______ 314 Veins north of Coeur d'Alene River_________ 115 Disseminated deposits___ _ ___________ 115 Snowstorm lode _________ __________ 115 National lode____________________"___ 117 Other deposits____ __ _ _________ 117 Copper in lead-silver veins- _______________ 118 Contact copper deposits ________ 119 Brecciated zones in diabase -_________________ 110 Relation of the copper deposits to other deposits in the Coeur d'Alene district ___________________ 120 Antimony deposits_____ ________ 121 Coeur d'Alene Antimony__ 121 Star Antimony_______________ __ __ 122 Pearson prospect_____'_ _ _ 123 Hannibal group_______ 123 Siderite deposits_________-_______________ 124 Fissure fillings ____________ ______ 124 Gold deposits______ ___. _ _________ 125 History and production___________________ 12-r> Distribution _________ ______ _______ 125 CONTENTS. V Ore deposits Continued. Deposits in sedimentary rocks Continued. Fissure fillings Continued. Gold deposits Continued. Page. Geologic relations and structural features____ 12p The ores ___________________________- 128 Relation of the gold veins to the other ore deposits- l^s> Tungsten deposits ______________________ 129 Gradation between the several groups of deposits_________ 130 Stages of mineralization____________ __________ 132 Paragenesis of the primary ore minerals______________ 135 Oxidation products and their relations_______________ 138 Genesis of the deposits__________________..____ 341 Periods of mineralization_____________________ 141 Origin of the fissures_______________.____ 142 Source of the ores___________________________ 145 The Success deposit_______..__________________ 146 Future of the Coeur d'Alene district______________..____ 150 Index________________________________________ 153 ILLUSTEATIONS. Pa pe PLATE. I. Geologic map of Shoshone County_________ ____ In pocket. II. Geologic map of Coeur d'Alene district__________ In pocket. III. View of Wallace, Idaho, from the south_____________ C IV. Characteristic topography of Shoshone County, Idaho____ 6 V. A, Valley of Milo Creek, Shoshone County, Idaho; B, Summit topography as seen from a point near Kellogg, Idaho 7 VI. A, B, Photomicrographs of metamorphic ore, Success mine__ 40 VII. A, B, C, Ore in monzonite and syenite_______._______ 41 VIII. Geologic map of the 900-foot level of the Bunker Hill and Sullivan mine _____________________________ 52 I.. Geologic sections through the Bunker Hill and Sullivan mine_ 52 X. Generalized plan of the Bunker Hill and Sullivan mine___ 56 XI. Generalized sections of the Bunker Hill and Sullivan mine__ 56 XII. Plans of lower levels of Bunker Hill and Sullivan mine, show­ ing relations of ore bodies to faults_______________ 50 XIII. Section showing stopes in the Hunter mine___________ 68 XIV. Morning mill and mine portal_____________________ 102 XV. View of Mullan, Idaho___..____________________ 103 XVI. Diagram showing vertical extent and elevations of mines in the Coeur d'Alene district_______________________ 146 FIC/UKE 1. Diagram illustrating the effect of horizontal displacement along the curved plane of the Osburn fault__________ 13 2. Geologic map of the 300-foot level of the Success mine____ 20 i' 3. Traces of faults in the Wardner area______________ 52 4. Longitudinal section through the Morning mine, showing the principal stopes__________ ________________ 68 5. Longitudinal section through the Standard-Mammoth and . Greenhill-Cleveland mines, showing recent stopes_______ 74 6. Longitudinal section of the Tiger-Poorman mine_________ 75 7. Section .of the Frisco mine, showing principal stopes below the No. 3 level__________________ __________ S. Plan of the Rex mine__________________ ..._________ GEOLOGY AND ORE DEPOSITS OF SHOSHONE COUNTY, IDAHO. By JOSEPH B. UMPLEBY and E. L. JONES, Jr. INTRODUCTION. The Coeur d'Alene district, the most productive mining district in Idaho and one of the great lead-silver districts of the world, has undergone rapid development during the 15 years since it was studied by Ransome and Calkins.1 This fact, together with added infor­ mation concerning the geology and mineral deposits in adjacent areas, is the justification for this report on the ore deposits of Sho- shone County. It was hoped that by studying the deeper ore bodies opened since the previous examination and by viewing the deposits in a broader setting of regional information new light might be thrown upon their origin and a better basis offered for intelligent exploration in adjacent areas. The investigation was originally planned as part of a broad study of the ore deposits of Idaho, upon which the senior author had spent several field seasons. Owing to interruption of the work during the World War and the subsequent resignation of both authors from the Survey the original plan was abandoned. The investigation .of Shoshone County, however, represented the only important part of the broad study that had not been recorded in official publications, so the senior author undertook to complete the manuscript for pub­ lication in this form. The writing has been done at odd moments taken from other exacting duties, and no opportunity has been available for conference with his former associate in the field ex­ amination. The report has doubtless suffered as a result, although the general conclusions were formed during the field work and are believed to represent the opinions of both geologists. The field work was done in the spring and summer of 1916, and the manuscript was begun the following fall. At that time the sections
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