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Comparison of Traditional Botano-Therapeutics Between Far-Eastern Countries and Greece

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Comparison of Traditional Botano-Therapeutics Between Far-Eastern Countries and Greece UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES SECTOR OF CLINICAL AND BASIC FUNCTIONAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY SECTOR OF SOCIAL MEDICINE AND MENTAL HEALTH HISTORY OF MEDICINE Comparison of Traditional Botano-therapeutics between Far-Eastern Countries and Greece Jayoung Che Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MEDICINE IOANNINA 2016 UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES SECTOR OF CLINICAL AND BASIC FUNCTIONAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY SECTOR OF SOCIAL MEDICINE AND MENTAL HEALTH HISTORY OF MEDICINE Comparison of Traditional Botano-therapeutics between Far-Eastern Countries and Greece Jayoung Che Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MEDICINE IOANNINA 2016 ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΩΝ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΥΓΕΙΑΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΙΑΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΚΟΣ - ÊËÉÍÉÊÏÅÑÃÁÓÔÇÑÉÁÊÏÓ ÔÏÌÅÁÓ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΦΑΡΜΑΚΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΤΟΜΕΑΣ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗΣ ΙΑΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΨΥΧΙΚΗΣ ΥΓΕΙΑΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΙΑΤΡΙΚΗΣ Σύγκριση της παραδοσιακής βοτανοθεραπευτικής μεταξύ των χωρών της Άπω Ανατολής και της Ελλάδας Jayoung Che ΔΙΔΑΚΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗ ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΑ 2016 E "'-&$ $. &',-&'. &-&!. 45 , )) -&'. ,/ *4&$),/ 2***2**/4,$(7*&4,,02*"*2)7*,//""-#$%&%'%()-%-,(,() 4-"-,.(-*,)&'',06-2$,/ -&',6)),./F# Contents I. Introduction ……………. ………………………………………….. 11 II. Developments of botanical pharmacy in China and Greece ………… 16 A. Developments of Chinese therapeutic botany ……………………… 16 B. Greek Tradition of botanical medicine ……………………………. 28 III. Medicinal philosophy in Eastern Countries and Greece …………….. 35 A. Introduction ………………………………………………………… 35 B. Medicinal philosophy in Eastern Countries ………………………... 38 C. Tradition of Greek Medicinal Phisolophy ………………………….. 50 IV. Medicinal effects of 14 plants in Far Eastern Countries and Greece .… 62 V. Diagrams for the Comparison of 14 Plants …………………………… 103 VI. Conclusion …………………………………………………………… 130 VII. Abstact: English ……………………………………………………. 136 Greek ……………………………………………………… 137 VIII. Appendices …………………………………………………………. 138 i. Diagrams ..………………………………………………………………… 139 1) Restraining Cycle of the 5 Phases ………………………………… 139 2) Generating Interaction & Overcoming Interaction of Five Phases ….. 139 3) Six Elements (of the World), Organs of body, Time ………………… 140 4) Twelve Earthly Branches: Month, Six Elements, Seasons, Zodiacs … 141 5) The Heavenly Stems & Twelve Earthly Branches ……………….. 142 6) Three Darks / Three Brights & Six Meridians ……………………. 143 7) Twelve Meridians, Zodiacs …………………………………………. 144 i. Fuigures of Plants ……………………………………………………… 145 ii. Ancient Chinese Text .…………………………………………………… 169 1) 證類本草 ………………………………………………………… 169 2) 本草從新 …………………………………………………………… 183 iii. Terminology ………..…………………………………………………… 189 1) Chinese to English …………………………………………………. 189 9 (QJOLVKWR&KLQHVH ………………………………………………… LY %LEOLRJUDSK\DQG,QGH[ ……………………………………………….. 3ULPDU\VRXUFH ……………………………………………………… D (DVWHUQVRXUFHVDQGDXWKRUVLQ&KLQHVHRUGHU .………… E (DVWHUQVRXUFHVDQGDXWKRUVLQ(QJOLVKRUGHU……………… F :HVWHUQ3ULPDU\VRXUFHV…………………………………… 6HOHFWHGVHFRQGDU\VRXUFHV ………………………………………… ,LQWURGXFWLRQ 7KHHW\PRORJ\RIWKHZRUGUHIHUULQJWRPHGLFLQHGLIIHUVEHWZHHQ)DU(DVWHUQ&RXQWULHVDQG*UHHFHIURP ZKLFKZHFDQJOLPSVHWKHVRFLDODQGSK\VLFDOGLYHUJHQFHRIWKHWZRUHJLRQV ,QWKH)DU(DVWHUQFRXQWULHVIRUH[DPSOH&KLQDDQG.RUHDWUDGLWLRQDOO\PHGLFLQH PDWHULDPHGLFD KDVEHHQ called ‘fundamental grass (膩誣 șİȝİȜȚȫįȘȢ ȤȜȠȒ). ‘Fundamental grass,’ however, refers not only to the RULJLQDWLQJSODQWEXWDQLPDOVDQGPLQHUDOVPHUHO\LQSURSRUWLRQWKHIRUPHUKDYLQJPXFKPRUHJUDYLW\WKDQWKH ODWWHU,QWHUHVWLQPHGLFLQDOSODQWVLWKDVEHHQVDLGRULJLQDWHGZLWK6KHQQRQJ 葃緷 DP\WKRORJLFDOSHUVRQDJH ZKR WDXJKW WR WKH SHRSOH D PHWKRG RI DJULFXOWXUH 7KH VXUYLYLQJ6KHQQRQJ0DWHULD0HGLFD 葃緷膩誣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n Greece, however, the word ‘theriake’ is used for medicine which refers to the ‘mixture of various extracts’. 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Especially, it is said that ‘theriake’ was developed by the monarch of Pontos, Mithridates 9,WKH*UHDW Sangwoo Ahn , “The systematic of medicinal herb books and the development history of medicinal herb study,” Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine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諥諊 LH&KURQLFDO+LVWRU\%& DQGWKH :DUULQJ 6WDWHV 衝糑 %& ZKHQ WKH VPDOO FLW\ VWDWHV DQG ODWHU VHYHQ LQWHJUDWHG WHUULWRULDO VWDWHV YLHG ZLWK HDFK RWKHU LQ WKH HQG RI WKH UGFHQWXU\(PSHURU4LQ6KL+XDQJ 覵萐赜裇 PDQDJHG WR HVWDEOLVKDJUHDWHPSLUHIURP7KH<HOORZ5LYHU 赣谮 LQWKHQRUWKWRWKH<DQJW]H5LYHU 蓕螲笹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