UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES SECTOR OF CLINICAL AND BASIC FUNCTIONAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY SECTOR OF SOCIAL MEDICINE AND MENTAL HEALTH HISTORY OF MEDICINE Comparison of Traditional Botano-therapeutics between Far-Eastern Countries and Greece Jayoung Che Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MEDICINE IOANNINA 2016 UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES SECTOR OF CLINICAL AND BASIC FUNCTIONAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY SECTOR OF SOCIAL MEDICINE AND MENTAL HEALTH HISTORY OF MEDICINE Comparison of Traditional Botano-therapeutics between Far-Eastern Countries and Greece Jayoung Che Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MEDICINE IOANNINA 2016 ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΩΝ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΥΓΕΙΑΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΙΑΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΚΟΣ - ÊËÉÍÉÊÏÅÑÃÁÓÔÇÑÉÁÊÏÓ ÔÏÌÅÁÓ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΦΑΡΜΑΚΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΤΟΜΕΑΣ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗΣ ΙΑΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΨΥΧΙΚΗΣ ΥΓΕΙΑΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΙΑΤΡΙΚΗΣ Σύγκριση της παραδοσιακής βοτανοθεραπευτικής μεταξύ των χωρών της Άπω Ανατολής και της Ελλάδας Jayoung Che ΔΙΔΑΚΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗ ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΑ 2016 E "'-&$ $. &',-&'. &-&!. 45 , )) -&'. ,/ *4&$),/ 2***2**/4,$(7*&4,,02*"*2)7*,//""-#$%&%'%()-%-,(,() 4-"-,.(-*,)&'',06-2$,/ -&',6)),./F# Contents I. Introduction ……………. ………………………………………….. 11 II. Developments of botanical pharmacy in China and Greece ………… 16 A. Developments of Chinese therapeutic botany ……………………… 16 B. Greek Tradition of botanical medicine ……………………………. 28 III. Medicinal philosophy in Eastern Countries and Greece …………….. 35 A. Introduction ………………………………………………………… 35 B. Medicinal philosophy in Eastern Countries ………………………... 38 C. Tradition of Greek Medicinal Phisolophy ………………………….. 50 IV. Medicinal effects of 14 plants in Far Eastern Countries and Greece .… 62 V. Diagrams for the Comparison of 14 Plants …………………………… 103 VI. Conclusion …………………………………………………………… 130 VII. Abstact: English ……………………………………………………. 136 Greek ……………………………………………………… 137 VIII. Appendices …………………………………………………………. 138 i. Diagrams ..………………………………………………………………… 139 1) Restraining Cycle of the 5 Phases ………………………………… 139 2) Generating Interaction & Overcoming Interaction of Five Phases ….. 139 3) Six Elements (of the World), Organs of body, Time ………………… 140 4) Twelve Earthly Branches: Month, Six Elements, Seasons, Zodiacs … 141 5) The Heavenly Stems & Twelve Earthly Branches ……………….. 142 6) Three Darks / Three Brights & Six Meridians ……………………. 143 7) Twelve Meridians, Zodiacs …………………………………………. 144 i. Fuigures of Plants ……………………………………………………… 145 ii. Ancient Chinese Text .…………………………………………………… 169 1) 證類本草 ………………………………………………………… 169 2) 本草從新 …………………………………………………………… 183 iii. Terminology ………..…………………………………………………… 189 1) Chinese to English …………………………………………………. 189 9 (QJOLVKWR&KLQHVH ………………………………………………… LY %LEOLRJUDSK\DQG,QGH[ ……………………………………………….. 3ULPDU\VRXUFH ……………………………………………………… D (DVWHUQVRXUFHVDQGDXWKRUVLQ&KLQHVHRUGHU .………… E (DVWHUQVRXUFHVDQGDXWKRUVLQ(QJOLVKRUGHU……………… F :HVWHUQ3ULPDU\VRXUFHV…………………………………… 6HOHFWHGVHFRQGDU\VRXUFHV ………………………………………… ,LQWURGXFWLRQ 7KHHW\PRORJ\RIWKHZRUGUHIHUULQJWRPHGLFLQHGLIIHUVEHWZHHQ)DU(DVWHUQ&RXQWULHVDQG*UHHFHIURP ZKLFKZHFDQJOLPSVHWKHVRFLDODQGSK\VLFDOGLYHUJHQFHRIWKHWZRUHJLRQV ,QWKH)DU(DVWHUQFRXQWULHVIRUH[DPSOH&KLQDDQG.RUHDWUDGLWLRQDOO\PHGLFLQH PDWHULDPHGLFD KDVEHHQ called ‘fundamental grass (膩誣 șİȝİȜȚȫįȘȢ ȤȜȠȒ). ‘Fundamental grass,’ however, refers not only to the RULJLQDWLQJSODQWEXWDQLPDOVDQGPLQHUDOVPHUHO\LQSURSRUWLRQWKHIRUPHUKDYLQJPXFKPRUHJUDYLW\WKDQWKH ODWWHU,QWHUHVWLQPHGLFLQDOSODQWVLWKDVEHHQVDLGRULJLQDWHGZLWK6KHQQRQJ 葃緷 DP\WKRORJLFDOSHUVRQDJH ZKR WDXJKW WR WKH SHRSOH D PHWKRG RI DJULFXOWXUH 7KH VXUYLYLQJ6KHQQRQJ0DWHULD0HGLFD 葃緷膩誣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n Greece, however, the word ‘theriake’ is used for medicine which refers to the ‘mixture of various extracts’. 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