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New Plant Records from the Hawaiian Archipelago (To Be Published in 2002)

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New Plant Records from the Hawaiian Archipelago (To Be Published in 2002) New Plant Records from the Hawaiian Archipelago (To Be Published in 2002) Forest Starr, Kim Martz, and Lloyd L. Loope (United States Geological Survey – Biological Resources Division, P.O. Box 369, Makawao, HI 96768). The following contributions include new island records, new state records, and range extensions of plants located on Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, and Maui. Voucher specimens are housed in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI (BISH). Agavaceae Sanseviera trifasciata New Island Record -- Maui A common ornamental in Hawai'i, Wagner et al (1999) report that Sanseviera trifasciata (mother-in-law's tongue), though known to spread vegetatively from areas where they are planted, was not known to be naturalized. Recently, mother-in-law's tongue was reported as a new naturalized record by Imada et al. (2000) for the island of O'ahu, noting several locations where extensive roadside populations were found, some of which were observed setting fleshy, orange-red berries, a potentially additional dispersal mechanism. On Maui, fruiting plants were also observed spreading from thick patches along the coast growing in sand and clay on both flat areas and steep banks. This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Ho'okipa, spreading from roadside populations, 5 ft [2 m], 15 Sep. 2000, Starr & Martz 000915-2 (BISH). Annonaceae Artabotrys uncinatus (Lam.) Merr. New State Record – Maui Native to India, Artabotrys uncinatus (ylang ylang) is a woody climber with fragrant green flowers (Neal 1965). Previously not reported as naturalized in Hawai'i, ylang ylang was observed as sparingly naturalized within the Kipahulu section of Haleakala National Park and in pastures nearby in Popoloa. It is distinguished by its fragrant green flowers that grow singly or paired, with six, one-inch long petals converging at the base and spreading above; flower stems are flattened and hooked; leaves are thick, pointed, shiny, oblong 5-10 by 2-3 inches; and fruits are four to ten yellow, fragrant, and inedible, each about an inch long and clustered like grapes on a stem (Neal 1965). This collection represents a new state record for Hawai'i. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Kipahulu, Haleakala National Park, near headquarters, vine growing up into trees, 100 ft [30 m], 21 Nov. 2000, Starr & Martz 001122-1 (BISH). Apiaceae Ciclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague New Island Record – Kure Atoll Native to Brazil, Ciclospermum leptophyllum (fir-leaved celery) is naturalized in Hawai'i in disturbed areas such as gardens, pastures, and roadsides on Midway Atoll and all of the main islands (Wagner et al. 1999). On Kure Atoll, it was first reported in an anonymous survey in 1979 and in Herbst and Wagner (1992). Though it was not reported from Kure in Wagner et al. (1999). On Kure, fir-leaved celery is now common in lawn areas, runways, and other open areas (Starr et al. 2001). This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll. Material examined: KURE ATOLL: Green Island, near quarters and nearby lawn, 15 ft [5 m], 22 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010522-7 (BISH). Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Mathias & Constance Range Extension – E. Maui Native to Costa Rica, Hydrocotyle bowlesioides (marsh pennywort) is reported by Wagner et al. (1999) as naturalized on Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i. ??Also from Lanai (Oppenheimer). It was reported as a new island record for Maui (West) by Oppenheimer and Bartlett (2001). This collection represents a range extension to East Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Kihei, at base of rock trellis and in lawn at entrance to Wailea, 300 ft [90 m], 24 Apr. 2001, Starr & Martz 010424-1 (BISH). Araliaceae Schefflera arboricola (Hayata) Hayata New State Record – Maui Native to Taiwan, Schefflera arboricola (dwarf umbrella tree) is widely cultivated for its attractive leaves that are similar to S. actinophylla (octopus tree) but smaller (Whistler 2000). S. actinophylla is widely naturalized in Hawai'i. S. arboricola appears to be beginning to become naturalized as well. On Maui, dwarf umbrella plant has recently been observed naturalizing on trees and fence posts in moist areas of Haiku at many different sites. Dwarf umbrella plant can be distinguished by a shrubby habit and alternate, palmately compound leaves with six to nine oblanceolate leaflets that are leathery and dark glossy green; flowers are small with five small yellow petals 3-4 mm long with 5 white stamens borne on long, spreading branches of a terminal panicle; fruits are small orange drupes (Whistler 2000). This collections represents a new state record for Hawai'i. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Haiku, coming up on tree, 1250 ft [381 m], 28 Nov. 2000, Starr & Martz 001128-3 (BISH). Hedera helix L. New Island Record – Maui Native from Europe to the Caucasus Mountains, Hedera helix (English ivy) is widely cultivated. Wagner et al. (1999) report English ivy as sparingly naturalized on Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i. On Maui, English Ivy appears to be doing the same in Olinda at a site far from any obvious nearby plantings. It is also occasionally observed escaping from plantings in other places along Pi'iholo Rd. Though usually observed in a vegetative state, fruits have been observed in Kula on plants that are being cultivated as a hedge. These collections represent a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI, E. Maui, Olinda, climbing 3-4 m high in Eucalyptus trees at the top of Olinda Rd., 3800 ft [1158 m], 18 Dec. 2000, Starr & Martz 001218-1 (BISH). Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia littoralis Parodi New Island Record -- Maui Native probably to South America, Aristolochia littoralis (calico flower) is reported from O'ahu and Kaua'i (Imada et al. 2000; Wagner et al. 1999). Calico flower is now also sparingly naturalized on Maui. This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Kipahulu, near Haou, growing on rock walls and along road, 160 ft [48 m], 21 Nov. 2000, Starr & Martz 001121-3 (BISH). Asclepiadaceae Calotropis gigantea (L.) W. Aiton New State Record – Maui Native to India and Southeast Asia, Calotropis gigantea (crown flower) is widely cultivated in the tropics and is a popular lei flower in Hawai'i (Whistler 2000). It is reported by Wagner et al. (1999) as persistent near old home sites, but not known to be naturalized, though there were reports of it escaping on Kaho'olawe and Kohala and Kona, Hawai'i. On Maui, it has been observed spreading from nearby ornamental plantings and occasionally far away from any known plants. These collections represent a new state record for Hawai'i. Crown flower is distinguished by a large erect habit up to 13 ft [4 m], milky sap, white powdery opposite leaves 3.5-9 in [8-23 cm] long, and axillary umbels of white to pale purple, crown- like flowers (Whistler 2000). Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, North Kihei, S. Kihei Rd. on sand dunes, 5 ft [1.5 m], 9 Mar. 2001, Starr & Martz 010309-1 (BISH). E. Maui, Kihei, just mauka of Kihei High Tech Center, on mauka side of gate, coming up in pasture area recently disturbed to make a culvert, 250 ft [75 m], 3 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010503-2 (BISH). Bignoniaceae Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague New State Record -- Maui ??? need new state record stuff here. P. ricasoliana [syn. Tecoma ricasoliana Tanfani] (pink trumpet vine, Zimbabwe creeper) is sparingly naturalized in Makawao. Also observed in the Olinda and Kula areas. This collection represents a new state record for Hawai'i and a new island record for Maui. Material examined. MAUI: Makawao, Maliko gulch, sprawling in gulch and nearby lot, producing abundant winged seeds, 1600 ft. [488 m], 30 Apr 2000, Starr & Martz 000430-1 (BISH). ??? others, Kula, Olinda. Boraginaceae Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masamune Range Extension -- E. Maui Carmona retusa is previously reported by Lorence et al. (1995) as a new naturalized record for Kaua'i and West Maui. It is now also known from Haiku, East Maui where it is coming up in lawns, along fences, and in hedges, often with a carpet of seedlings. This collection represents a range extension to East Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Haiku, scattered over large areas, mostly urban, 500 ft [152 m], 28 Nov. 2000, Starr & Martz 001128-1 (BISH). Brassicaceae Brassica nigra (L.) W. Koch New Island Record, New NWHI Record – Midway Atoll Native to Eurasia, in Hawai'i, Brassica nigra (black mustard) is previously reported from Oahu, Maui, and Hawai'i. It has never been reported from the NWHI. On Midway Atoll, black mustard was first reported by Apfelbaum et al. (1983) and later reported by Bruegmann as common on both Sand and Eastern Islands (1995). In 1999, it was widespread especially in the southeast corner of Eastern Island, forming monotypic stands similar to that of the invasive Verbesina encelioides (golden crown-beard), crowding out native vegetation and potential nesting habitat for some ground nesting seabirds (Starr & Martz 1999). On Sand Island, a few plants persist in gardens and it is not as widespread. It has not been found on Spit Island yet. This collection represents a new island record for Midway Atoll and a new NWHI record. Material examined: MIDWAY ATOLL: Eastern Island, Kat Hokama collector, 15 ft [5 m], 26 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010526-1 (BISH). Lepidium virginicum L. New Island Record – Kure Atoll Native to the eastern United States, in Hawai'i, Lepidium virginicum (pepper grass) is previously reported as naturalized from Midway Atoll, O'ahu, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i (Wagner et al. 1999). On Kure, pepper grass was first reported by Woodward (1972) as one of the plants noted by the Smithsonian Instituation's Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program (POBSP) who studied the plants of Kure during the Coast Guard occupation in the 1960's.
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