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Home , Kure Atoll

New Plant Records from the Hawaiian Archipelago (To Be Published in 2002)

Forest Starr, Kim Martz, and Lloyd L. Loope ( Geological Survey – Biological Resources Division, P.O. Box 369, Makawao, HI 96768).

The following contributions include new records, new state records, and range extensions of plants located on Kure , , and . Voucher specimens are housed in the Bishop Museum, , HI (BISH).

Agavaceae Sanseviera trifasciata New Island Record -- Maui A common ornamental in Hawai'i, Wagner et al (1999) report that Sanseviera trifasciata (mother-in-law's tongue), though known to spread vegetatively from areas where they are planted, was not known to be naturalized. Recently, mother-in-law's tongue was reported as a new naturalized record by Imada et al. (2000) for the island of O'ahu, noting several locations where extensive roadside populations were found, some of which were observed setting fleshy, orange-red berries, a potentially additional dispersal mechanism. On Maui, fruiting plants were also observed spreading from thick patches along the coast growing in sand and clay on both flat areas and steep banks. This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Ho'okipa, spreading from roadside populations, 5 ft [2 m], 15 Sep. 2000, Starr & Martz 000915-2 (BISH).

Annonaceae Artabotrys uncinatus (Lam.) Merr. New State Record – Maui Native to India, Artabotrys uncinatus (ylang ylang) is a woody climber with fragrant green flowers (Neal 1965). Previously not reported as naturalized in Hawai'i, ylang ylang was observed as sparingly naturalized within the Kipahulu section of Haleakala National Park and in pastures nearby in Popoloa. It is distinguished by its fragrant green flowers that grow singly or paired, with six, one-inch long petals converging at the base and spreading above; flower stems are flattened and hooked; leaves are thick, pointed, shiny, oblong 5-10 by 2-3 inches; and fruits are four to ten yellow, fragrant, and inedible, each about an inch long and clustered like grapes on a stem (Neal 1965). This collection represents a new state record for Hawai'i. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Kipahulu, Haleakala National Park, near headquarters, vine growing up into trees, 100 ft [30 m], 21 Nov. 2000, Starr & Martz 001122-1 (BISH).

Apiaceae Ciclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague New Island Record – Kure Atoll Native to Brazil, Ciclospermum leptophyllum (fir-leaved celery) is naturalized in Hawai'i in disturbed areas such as gardens, pastures, and roadsides on Midway Atoll and all of the main (Wagner et al. 1999). On Kure Atoll, it was first reported in an anonymous survey in 1979 and in Herbst and Wagner (1992). Though it was not reported from Kure in Wagner et al. (1999). On Kure, fir-leaved celery is now common in lawn areas, runways, and other open areas (Starr et al. 2001). This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll. Material examined: KURE ATOLL: Green Island, near quarters and nearby lawn, 15 ft [5 m], 22 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010522-7 (BISH).

Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Mathias & Constance Range Extension – E. Maui Native to Costa Rica, Hydrocotyle bowlesioides (marsh pennywort) is reported by Wagner et al. (1999) as naturalized on Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i. ??Also from (Oppenheimer). It was reported as a new island record for Maui (West) by Oppenheimer and Bartlett (2001). This collection represents a range extension to East Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Kihei, at base of rock trellis and in lawn at entrance to Wailea, 300 ft [90 m], 24 Apr. 2001, Starr & Martz 010424-1 (BISH).

Araliaceae Schefflera arboricola (Hayata) Hayata New State Record – Maui Native to Taiwan, Schefflera arboricola (dwarf umbrella tree) is widely cultivated for its attractive leaves that are similar to S. actinophylla (octopus tree) but smaller (Whistler 2000). S. actinophylla is widely naturalized in Hawai'i. S. arboricola appears to be beginning to become naturalized as well. On Maui, dwarf umbrella plant has recently been observed naturalizing on trees and fence posts in moist areas of Haiku at many different sites. Dwarf umbrella plant can be distinguished by a shrubby habit and alternate, palmately compound leaves with six to nine oblanceolate leaflets that are leathery and dark glossy green; flowers are small with five small yellow petals 3-4 mm long with 5 white stamens borne on long, spreading branches of a terminal panicle; fruits are small orange drupes (Whistler 2000). This collections represents a new state record for Hawai'i. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Haiku, coming up on tree, 1250 ft [381 m], 28 Nov. 2000, Starr & Martz 001128-3 (BISH).

Hedera helix L. New Island Record – Maui Native from to the Caucasus Mountains, Hedera helix (English ivy) is widely cultivated. Wagner et al. (1999) report English ivy as sparingly naturalized on Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i. On Maui, English Ivy appears to be doing the same in Olinda at a site far from any obvious nearby plantings. It is also occasionally observed escaping from plantings in other places along Pi'iholo Rd. Though usually observed in a vegetative state, fruits have been observed in Kula on plants that are being cultivated as a hedge. These collections represent a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI, E. Maui, Olinda, climbing 3-4 m high in Eucalyptus trees at the top of Olinda Rd., 3800 ft [1158 m], 18 Dec. 2000, Starr & Martz 001218-1 (BISH).

Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia littoralis Parodi New Island Record -- Maui Native probably to South America, Aristolochia littoralis (calico flower) is reported from O'ahu and Kaua'i (Imada et al. 2000; Wagner et al. 1999). Calico flower is now also sparingly naturalized on Maui. This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Kipahulu, near Haou, growing on rock walls and along road, 160 ft [48 m], 21 Nov. 2000, Starr & Martz 001121-3 (BISH).

Asclepiadaceae Calotropis gigantea (L.) W. Aiton New State Record – Maui Native to India and Southeast Asia, Calotropis gigantea (crown flower) is widely cultivated in the tropics and is a popular lei flower in Hawai'i (Whistler 2000). It is reported by Wagner et al. (1999) as persistent near old home sites, but not known to be naturalized, though there were reports of it escaping on Kaho'olawe and and Kona, Hawai'i. On Maui, it has been observed spreading from nearby ornamental plantings and occasionally far away from any known plants. These collections represent a new state record for Hawai'i. Crown flower is distinguished by a large erect habit up to 13 ft [4 m], milky sap, white powdery opposite leaves 3.5-9 in [8-23 cm] long, and axillary umbels of white to pale purple, crown- like flowers (Whistler 2000). Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, North Kihei, S. Kihei Rd. on sand dunes, 5 ft [1.5 m], 9 Mar. 2001, Starr & Martz 010309-1 (BISH). E. Maui, Kihei, just mauka of Kihei High Tech Center, on mauka side of gate, coming up in pasture area recently disturbed to make a culvert, 250 ft [75 m], 3 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010503-2 (BISH).

Bignoniaceae Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague New State Record -- Maui ??? need new state record stuff here. P. ricasoliana [syn. Tecoma ricasoliana Tanfani] (pink trumpet vine, Zimbabwe creeper) is sparingly naturalized in Makawao. Also observed in the Olinda and Kula areas. This collection represents a new state record for Hawai'i and a new island record for Maui. Material examined. MAUI: Makawao, Maliko gulch, sprawling in gulch and nearby lot, producing abundant winged seeds, 1600 ft. [488 m], 30 Apr 2000, Starr & Martz 000430-1 (BISH). ??? others, Kula, Olinda.

Boraginaceae Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masamune Range Extension -- E. Maui Carmona retusa is previously reported by Lorence et al. (1995) as a new naturalized record for Kaua'i and West Maui. It is now also known from Haiku, East Maui where it is coming up in lawns, along fences, and in hedges, often with a carpet of seedlings. This collection represents a range extension to East Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Haiku, scattered over large areas, mostly urban, 500 ft [152 m], 28 Nov. 2000, Starr & Martz 001128-1 (BISH).

Brassicaceae Brassica nigra (L.) W. Koch New Island Record, New NWHI Record – Midway Atoll Native to Eurasia, in Hawai'i, Brassica nigra (black mustard) is previously reported from , Maui, and Hawai'i. It has never been reported from the NWHI. On Midway Atoll, black mustard was first reported by Apfelbaum et al. (1983) and later reported by Bruegmann as common on both Sand and Eastern Islands (1995). In 1999, it was widespread especially in the southeast corner of Eastern Island, forming monotypic stands similar to that of the invasive Verbesina encelioides (golden crown-beard), crowding out native vegetation and potential nesting habitat for some ground nesting (Starr & Martz 1999). On Sand Island, a few plants persist in gardens and it is not as widespread. It has not been found on Spit Island yet. This collection represents a new island record for Midway Atoll and a new NWHI record. Material examined: MIDWAY ATOLL: Eastern Island, Kat Hokama collector, 15 ft [5 m], 26 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010526-1 (BISH).

Lepidium virginicum L. New Island Record – Kure Atoll Native to the eastern United States, in Hawai'i, Lepidium virginicum (pepper grass) is previously reported as naturalized from Midway Atoll, O'ahu, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i (Wagner et al. 1999). On Kure, pepper grass was first reported by Woodward (1972) as one of the plants noted by the Smithsonian Instituation's Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program (POBSP) who studied the plants of Kure during the Coast Guard occupation in the 1960's. It was also reported from Kure by Herbst and Wagner (1992). Though it was not reported from Kure in Wagner et al. (1999). This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll. Material examined: KURE ATOLL: Green Island, in with other common lawn weeds near camp, 15 ft [5 m], 22 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010522-1 (BISH).

Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Range Extension – Maui Native to Eurasia and commonly cultivated in Hawai'i, Lobularia maritima (sweet alyssum) is previously reported from Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, O'ahu, Moloka'i and Maui, where it is noted as apparently sparingly naturalized (Wagner et al. 1999; Wagner & Herbst 1995; Lorence et al. 1995). These collections represent the truly naturalized status of sweet alyssum on Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Haleakala National Park, above Kalahaku overlook, 9300 ft [2834 m], 14 Aug. 2000, Starr & Martz 000814-1 (BISH). E. Maui, Kula, crest of Kekaulike Ave., 3720 ft [1134 m], 31 Aug. 2000, Starr & Martz 000831-8 (BISH).

Buddleiaceae New Island Record -- Maui Buddleia davidii Franch. Native to China, Buddleia davidii (butterfly bush) is cultivated in Hawai'i for its attractive and fragrant flowers (Neal 1965). B. davidii is previously reported as sparingly naturalized on Kaua'i (Shannon & Wagner 1996). On Maui, it seems to be doing the same. This collection represent a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Kula, by electric station near the crest of Kekaulike Ave., few seedlings and juveniles seen naturalizing from planted hedge, 3740 ft [1140 m], 31 Aug. 2000, Starr & Martz 000831-9 (BISH).

Caryophyllaceae Sagina decumbens (Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray New Island Record – Kure Atoll Native from Washington south to California and Baja California, Mexico, Sagina decumbens (pearlwort) is previously reported by Wagner et al. (1999) from Volcanoes National Park, Hawai'i. This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll. Material examined: KURE ATOLL: Green Island, growing on abandoned runway, 15 ft [5 m], 22 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010522-3 (BISH).

Stellaria media (L.) Vill. New Island Record – Midway Atoll Native to Eurasia and widely naturalized, in Hawai'i, Stellaria media (chickweed), is previously reported by Wagner et al. (1999) from Kure Atoll, Kaua'i, O'ahu, Lana'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. This collection represents a new island record for Midway Atoll. Material examined: MIDWAY ATOLL: Sand Island, near abandoned Pacific Cable Company buildings, 20 ft [6 m], 20 May, 2001, Starr & Martz 010520-2 (BISH).

Commeliniaceae Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson New Island Record – Maui Native to Mexico, Callisia fragrans (inch plant) is commonly cultivated in hanging baskets and is known to be sparingly naturalized in urban areas of Kaua'i and O'ahu (Wagner et al. 1999). This plant was brought to our attention by Fern Duvall and collected from a population that was spreading behind his house into the adjacent gulch. It was also volunteering in the yard. This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Makawao, Kailua Gulch, sprawling down bank into gulch and volunteering in yard, 1500 ft [457 m], 13 Feb. 2001, Starr & Martz 010213-1 (BISH).

Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. New Island Record – Kure Atoll Indigenous to Hawai'i, Ipomoea pes-caprae (pohuehue, beach morning glory) is previously reported from Midway Atoll Lisianski, , , , and all of the main islands (Wagner et al. 1999). On Kure Atoll, pohuehue was previously reported by an anonymous survey in 1979 and in Herbst and Wagner (1992). Though it was not reported from Kure in Wagner et al. (1999). This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll. Material examined: KURE ATOLL: Green Island, scattered in area near coast on west point, found no where else, 15 ft [5 m], 22 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010522-9 (BISH).

Poranopsis paniculata (Roxb.) Roberty New State Record -- Maui Poranopsis paniculata [syn. Porona paniculata] is spreading beyond initial plantings in Makawao and Rainbow Park? on the Island of Maui. This collection documents the naturalized status on the Island of Maui, and represents a new state record for Hawai’i. DESCRIPTION, KEY.??? Material examined. MAUI: E. Maui, Makawao, Maliko Gulch, sprawling into gulch, 1600 ft [488 m], 5 Jan. 1999, Starr & Martz 990105-4 (BISH); Rainbow Park???

Ebenaceae Diospyros kaki L.F. New State Record -- Maui D. kaki (persimmon), or something close to it, is cultivated and often spreads vegetatively from initial plantings in the Kula and Keokea areas of East Maui. This collection documents the naturalized status of this species on the island of Maui and represents a new state record for Hawai’i. Material examined. MAUI: E. Maui, Kula, Crater Rd., in abandoned lot where suckers were spreading into the adjacent pasture, 3500 ft. [1067 m], 1 Nov. 1999, Starr & Martz 991101-1 (BISH). E. Maui, Keokea ???

Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia peplus L. New Island Record – Kure Atoll Native to temperate Eurasia and now a cosmopolitan weed, Euphorbia peplus (petty spurge) is naturalized on Midway Atoll, Kaua'i, Maui, and Hawai'i (Wagner et al. 1999; Lorence et al. 1995). On Kure Atoll, petty spurge was previously reported in an anonymous survey in 1979 and in Herbst and Wagner (1992). Though it was not reported from Kure in Wagner et al. (1999). This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll. Material examined: KURE ATOLL: Green Island, near camp, 15 ft [5 m], 22 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010522-4 (BISH).

Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt New State Record – Maui Starr & Martz 001128-2 (BISH). determined by Peter van welzen at Leiden (Holland).

Fabaceae Calopogonium galactioides Benth. ex Hemsl. New State Record – Maui Wagner et al. (1999) called this species [Calopogonium caeruleum (Benth.) Hemsl.] and described it as being similar to Glycine wightii, being distinguished by a distinct upper stamen, glandular stipels, blue standard 9-11 mm long, and strongly septate pods. They report further that C. galactioides was being cultivated on Maui by the Pineapple Research Institute in 1946, but there was no evidence of it being naturalized. On Maui, this vine like plant, with trifoliate leaves and dark seed pods about 2 cm in length, has been observed crawling and twining over itself and other plants in its way under Eucalyptus forest and in pastures in the Olinda and Kula areas. This collection represents a new state record for Hawai'i. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Olinda, crawling in Eucalyptus forest, 2600 ft [792 m], 12 Oct. 2000, Starr & Martz 001012-1 (BISH).

Centrosema pubescens Benth. New Island Record – Maui

Falcataria moluccana (Miquel) Barneby & Grimes RE -- East Maui Starr & Martz 000526-1 (BISH).

Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC New Island Record – Kure Atoll Indigenous to Hawai'i, Mucuna gigantea (sea bean) is reported from Kaua'i, O'ahu, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i (Wagner et al. 1999). Seeds have also been collected from the beaches of Lisianski and Laysan (Wagner et al. 1999). A seed was also collected on Kure Atoll from the remains of an albatross bolus. This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll. Material examined: KURE ATOLL: Green Island, from albatross chick bolus, 5 ft [2 m], 23 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010523-3 (BISH).

Mucuna urens (L.) Medik. New Island Record – Kure Atoll Native to the Neotropics, Mucuna urens (cow-itch plant) is probably naturalized in Hawai'i, though it is perhaps indigenous, and is reported from O'ahu, Maui, and Hawai'i (Wagner et al. 1999). Seeds of this species are apparently reaching the shores of Kure Atoll as well. This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll. Material examined: KURE ATOLL: Green Island, from beach flotsum, 5ft [2 m], Patti Haase collector, 23 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010523-3 (BISH).

Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex. K. Heyne New State Record -- Maui P. pterocarpum [syn. P. inerme (Roxb.) Llanos ex Fernandez-Vill.] (yellow poinciana, copper pod) is native to tropical Asia from India through Malaysia to Australia and north to the Philippines (Riffle 1998: 264; Dehgan 1998: 386). In the state since at least 1910, and cultivated in Honolulu, Hana, and elsewhere, P. pterocarpum appears to be in the early stages of naturalization in Nahiku on the road to Hana, Maui. This collection represents a new state record for Hawai’i. Material examined. MAUI: E. Maui, Nahiku, spreading along Hana Hwy. near mile marker 26, 500 ft. [152 m], 27 Aug. 1998, Starr & Martz 980827-126 (BISH). E. Maui, NTBG, Hana, cultivated, 0-50 ft. [0-15 m], 16 Nov. 1995, T. Flynn & D. Lorence 5884 (BISH). O'AHU: Honolulu, cultivated, 1910, J. F. Rock 2509 (BISH).

Senna [Cassia] alata (L.) Roxb. Range Extension -- E. Maui Candle bush.

Lauraceae Cassytha filiformis L. New Island Record – Kure Atoll Indigenous to Hawai'i, Cassytha filiformis (kauna'oa pehu) is previously reported from all the main islands except Kaho'olawe. It has never been reported from any Northwestern Hawaiian Island (NWHI). On Kure Atoll, a small patch of this parasitic vine was observed on the northeastern coast hosting mainly on Scaevola sericea (naupaka) (Starr et al. 2001). This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll and a new record for the NWHI. Material examined: KURE ATOLL, northeastern coast in a thicket of Tournefortia argentea and Scaevola sericea, 15 ft [5 m], 22 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010522-12 (BISH).

Liliaceae G. Staples may have done up this one ?? Zephyranthes citrina Baker New Island Record -- Maui Native from warm to temperate regions of America, Zephyranthes citrina [Z. eggersiana] (zephyr lily, yellow rain lily), is a yellow flowered bulb that is cultivated in Hawai'i (Neal 1965). Other species of Zephyranthes, including a white flowered Z. candida, are also cultivated in Hawai'i. Z. citrina was first reported as a new naturalized record for Kaua'i by Lorence et al. (1995). This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Paia, scattered patches on side of Baldwin Ave., just mauka of Paia School, coming up in grassy strip on west side of road in association with Leucaena leucocephala and Panicum maximum, seedlings, juveniles, and plants setting fruit present, 400 ft [122 m], 28 Aug. 2000, Starr & Martz 000828-1 (BISH).

Malvaceae Malva parviflora L. New Island Record – Midway Atoll Malva parviflora (cheese weed) is native from the Mediterranean region through Asia Minor to India and a common weed in many parts of the world. In Hawai'i, cheese weed is naturalized in disturbed areas of French Frigate Shoals and all of the main islands (Wagner et al. 1999). On Midway, cheese weed was previously reported by M. Bruegmann in 1995 as rare in distribution on Sand Island. By 1999, it was reported as occasional in distribution on Sand Island. This collection represents a new island record for Midway Atoll. Material examined: MIDWAY ATOLL: Sand Island, in field of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and other common lawn weeds, across from barracks, 20 ft [6 m], 20 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010520-1 (BISH).

Sidastrum micranthum (St. Hil) Fryx. New Island Record -- Maui Widespread in South America, the Caribbean, and Central America, Sidastrum micranthum is reported from O'ahu and Hawai'i islands (Wagner et al. 1999). This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Kaupo, widespread along road and in pastures from 200 ft [61 m] to 1000 ft [305 m], collection made at 350 ft [106 m], 20 Nov. 2000, Starr & Martz 001120-1 (BISH).

Myrtaceae Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. New Island Record – Maui Native to the West Indies and Central America, Pimenta dioica (all spice) is the source of all spice which is used in cooking and perfume. Pimenta was first reported as a new naturalized record for Kaua'i by Lorence et al. (1995). On Maui, it is cultivated as an ornamental tree and has been observed spreading from initial plantings in Haiku, Paia, and Makawao. This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Haiku, near Haiku School on side of road, many seedlings germinating and scattered juveniles coming up in a thicket of guava (Psidium guajava) scrub, 400 ft [120 m], 25 Apr. 2001, Starr & Martz 010425-1 (BISH).

Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia coccinea Mill. New Island Record – Kure Atoll Native to the Caribbean, Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet Boerhavia) is reported from Kaua'i, O'ahu, Maui, Lana'i, Kaho'olawe, and Hawai'i (Wagner et al. 1999; Oppenheimer & Bartlett 2001). It has never been reported from any Northwestern Hawaiian Island (NWHI). On Kure Atoll, B. coccinea was documented as uncommon and found only near quarters (Starr et al. 2001). This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll and a new record for NWHI. Material examined: KURE ATOLL, Green Island, near quarters, 15 ft [5 m], 23 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010523-1 (BISH).

Oleaceae Noronhia emarginata New State Record -- Maui Native to Madagascar, Noronhia emarginata (Madagascar olive) resembles the kamani tree (Calophyllum inophyllum), but can be distinguished by its paired leaves with fewer indistinct veins. Flowers are fragrant and grow in clusters at leaf axils. Fruit is purplish, round, and about 1 in [2 cm] in diameter (Neal 1965). Previously not known to be naturalized in Hawai'i, on Maui naturalized populations have been observed in at least Makamakaole, Honomanu, Huelo, and Haiku. These collections represent new state records for Hawai'i. Material examined: MAUI: W. Maui, Makamakaole, Waiokila gulch, scattered along road and on steep gulch walls, 900 ft [295 m], 10 Mar. 2001, Starr & Martz 010310-1 (BISH). E. Maui, Haiku, near Haiku School on side of road, coming up in a thicket of guava (Psidium guajava) scrub, 400 ft [120 m], 25 Apr. 2001, Starr & Martz 010425-2 (BISH). E. Maui, Honomanu, spreading from initial plantings on Hana Hwy., 200 ft [60m], 8 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010508-1 (BISH). Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata L. New Island Record – Kure Atoll Cosmopolitan in distribution, in Hawai'i, Oxalis corniculata (yellow wood sorrel) is reported from Midway Atoll and all the main islands (Wagner et al. 1999). On Kure Atoll, yellow wood sorrel was previously reported in an anonymous survey in 1979 and in Herbst and Wagner (1992). Though it was not reported from Kure in Wagner et al. (1999). This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll. Material examined: KURE ATOLL: Green Island, near quarters in open lawn areas, 15 ft [5 m], 22 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010522-8 (BISH).

Poaceae Dichelacne crinita (L.) Hook. f. New State Record -- Maui Starr & Martz 980901-1 (BISH). Starr & Martz 001221-1 (BISH). Hobdy 1419 (BISH).

Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. New Island Record – Kure Atoll Native to the Paleotropics and widely naturalized throughout the tropics, in Hawai'i, Eragrostis tenella (love grass) is naturalized on Midway Atoll, Kaua'i, Ni'ihau, O'ahu, Maui, Moloka'i, and Kaho'olawe, and Hawai'i (Wagner et al. 1999; Lorence et al. 1995; Hughes 1995). On Kure Atoll, love grass was first reported by Lamoureux (1961) as naturalized in disturbed areas near quarters. It was recorded again in an anonymous survey in 1979 and in Herbst and Wagner (1992). Though it was not reported from Kure in Wagner et al. (1999). This collection represent a new island record for Kure Atoll. Material examined: KURE ATOLL: Green Island, near water building, 15 ft [5 m], 22 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010522-5 (BISH).

Lolium perenne L. New Island Record -- Maui Native to Europe, Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), is common in grasslands and pastures on the island of Hawai'i (Wagner et al 1999). It has now also been collected on Maui. This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Haleakala National Park, Kalahaku overlook, growing in cinders next to parking area, 9300 ft [2830 m], 26 Oct. 2000, Starr & Martz 001026-2 (BISH).

Panicum antidotale Retz. New Island Record -- Maui Starr & Martz 001209-2 (BISH).

Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult Range Extension -- West Maui Starr & Martz 001209-1 (BISH).

Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis L. New Island Record – Kure Atoll Native to Europe and now widely naturalized, in Hawai'i Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel) is reported from Midway Atoll and all of the main islands (Wagner et al. 1999). On Kure Atoll, petty spurge was previously reported in an anonymous survey in 1979 and in Herbst and Wagner (1992). Though it was not reported from Kure in Wagner et al. (1999). Currently, on Kure, scarlet pimpernel is found occasionally near quarters and on the abandoned runway in compacted sand (Starr et al. 2001). This collection represents a new island record for Kure Atoll. Material examined: KURE ATOLL: Green Island, on abandoned runway in compacted rubble, 15 ft [5 m], 22 May 2001, Starr & Martz 010522-6 (BISH).

Rosaceae Pyracantha koidzumii Rehder New Island Record -- Maui Wagner et al. (1990) cited one naturalized species of Pyracantha (firethorn) in Hawai'i, P. angustifolia, which was known to be naturalized from Kaua'i and Hawai'i. Later, Herbarium Pacificum Staff (1999) revised the genus and found three species, including P. koidzumii, endemic to Taiwan and apparently the most commonly cultivated firethorn in Hawai'i. They cite naturalized plants from Kaua'i and Hawai'i. This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI, E. Maui, Kula, crest of Kekaulike Ave., scattered individuals coming up throughout pastures, in association with Pennisetum clandestinum and Jacaranda mimosifolia, 3720 ft [1134 m], 31 Aug. 2000, Starr & Martz 000831-7 (BISH). Rubus glaucus Bentham New State Record – Maui Wagner et al. (1999) mention in the description of Rubus that R. glaucus had been reported from the Puna district, Hawai'i, that fertile material had not yet been collected, and that it was apparently naturalized and spreading. On Maui, naturalized populations of R. glaucus have been observed along the Waikamoi Flume Rd., Olinda, and along Crater Rd., Kula. Robert Hobdy reports collecting this plant in the same sites (R. Hobdy pers comm.). At the Olinda site, this plant is naturalized over at least .75 miles of flume road and adjacent forest where it climbs into the canopy at least 20 ft high. It is not too widespread but definitely established and spreading. Seedlings were found on steep gulch sides. At the Kula site, R. glaucus is mixed with other Rubus species and hangs over the road. This species is distinguished by its thin white petals, sharp thorns, white undersides of leaves, and thimble shaped fruits. This collection represents a new state record for Hawai'i. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Olinda, Waikamoi Flume Rd., near pump house along road, 4200 ft [1280 m], 29 Oct. 2000, Starr & Martz 001029-1 (BISH). E. Maui, Kula, Crater Rd., sprawling over bank on side of road, 4000 ft [1220 m], 13 Jan. 1999, Starr & Martz 990113-1 & 990113-2 (BISH).

Scrophulariaceae Veronica serpyllifolia L. New Island Record -- Maui Native to Europe and widely naturalized, Veronica serpyllifolia (thyme-leaved speedwell) is reported from moist pastures or disturbed areas of wet forest and subalpine woodland of Kaua'i, Lana'i, and Hawai'i (Wagner et al. 1999; Nagata 1995). This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Waikamoi, Ko'olau Forest Reserve, growing in clumps in soggy soils around the shack at Waikamoi Gulch at end of the Waikamoi flume road to the reservoirs, 4300 ft [1310 m], 29 Oct. 2000, Starr & Martz 001029-2 (BISH).

Solanaceae Solanum rostratum Dunal New Island Record – Maui Reported in Wagner et al. (1999) as naturalized in the Pohakuloa area, Hawai'i, but all plants were removed in 1977. This collection represents a new island record for Maui. Material examined: MAUI: E. Maui, Ulupalakua, at Kanaio turnoff at "no spray" sign??, 1900 ft [579 m], Michelle Stemmerman?? collector (May 7, 2001), 12 Jun. 2001, Starr & Martz 010612-1 (BISH)

Acknowledgements We thank the entire staff of Bishop Museum / Herbarium Pacificum particularly George Staples, Derral Herbst, and Chris Puttock, for determination, verification, and archival of vouchers. We also thank Peter Van Welzen at Leiden, Holland, for determination of Flueggea virosa.

Literature Cited

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Apfelbaum, S.I., J.P. Ludwig & C.E. Ludwig. 1983. Ecological Problems Associated with Dirsruption of Dune Vegetation Dynamics by Casuarina equisetifolia L. at Sand Island, Midway Atoll. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Herbarium Pacificum Staff. 1999. New Hawaiian Plant Records for 1998. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 58: 3-11.

Herbst, D.R. & W.L. Wagner. 1992. Alien Plants on the Northwestern . In: Alien Plant Invasions in Native Ecosystems of Hawai'i. C.P. Stone, C.W. Smith, and J.T. Tunison, eds. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, HI.

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Imada, C.T., G.W. Staples & D.R. Herbst. 2000. New Hawaiian Plant Records for 1999. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 63: 9-16. Lamoureux, C.H. 1961. Botanical Observations on Leeward Hawaiian . In: Atoll Research Bulletin, No. 79. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

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Starr, F., K. Martz & L. Loope. 2001. Botanical Inventory of Kure Atoll. Report for DLNR-DOFAW, Honolulu, HI.

Starr, F. & K. Martz. 1999. Botanical Survey of Midway Atoll, 1999 Update. In: 1995-1999 Baseline Surveys for Alien Species in Marine and Terrestrial Habitats on Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, HI.

Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst & S.H. Sohmer. 1999. Manual of Flowering Plants of Hawaii. 2 vols. University of Hawaii Press & Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI.

Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst & S.H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of Flowering Plants of Hawaii. 2 vols. University of Hawaii Press & Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI.

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