The Motivational Hallo

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Motivational Hallo THEMATIC REVIEW Theotivational motivationalhallo helloMANNERS MATTER PART 3 THE With its empathic style, motivational interviewing seems the ideal way to engage new clients in treatment, a psychological handshake which avoids gripping too tightly yet subtly steers the patient in the intended direction. And often it is, as long as we avoid deploying a mechanical arm. by Mike Ashton of THE MANNERS MATTER SERIES is about how services has been on reinforcing motivation, an amalgam of Thanks to Bill Miller, Jim can encourage clients to stay and do well by the acknowledging a problem, wanting help, and resolv- McCambridge, Dwayne Simpson, 5 Don Dansereau, Gerard Connors, manner in which they offer treatment. Parts one and ing that treatment is the help you need. and John Witton for their comments. two dealt with practical issues like reminders, trans- Once thought of as something the patient either Thanks also to Bill Miller, Janice port and childcare. Even at this level, more is in- did or did not have, motivation is now seen as a fluid Brown, Terri Moyers, Paul Amrhein, John Baer and Damaris Rohsenow volved: respect; treating people as individuals; state of mind susceptible to influence. Of the ways for help with obtaining and conveying concern and caring. to exert this influence, motivational interviewing is interpreting their work. Though they 6 have enriched it, none bear any From here on, relationship issues take centre by far the best known. It qualifies for this review responsibility for the final text. stage. Relegated by medicine to the bedside man- because it is more about how to relate to the client ners which lubricate the interaction while technical than what to say or do.8 treatments do the curing, in psychological therapies, We can see where it fits in through a model bedside manners are the treatment, or a large part of which encapsulates research on the processes under- it.1 2 3 We start with how to say hello, and specifi- lying effective treatment and the points where these cally with motivational interviewings role in prepar- could be promoted by interventions A model of ing clients for treatment (induction), the role for treatment, p. 24.9 Motivational interviewing is among which Bill Miller created it.4 the Readiness interventions in the top left hand corner. Its importance is that the more motivated the MOTIVATION CAN BE MOVED patient is, the deeper their initial participation. This Induction strategies aim to prime the client for is linked to staying longer which in turn is linked to treatment by telling them what to expect, addressing better outcomes.10 11 12 Via this chain, if motivational concerns, enlisting support, and strengthening interviewing does boost motivation, it should in- psychological resources. But most of all, the focus crease the effectiveness of subsequent treatment. Positive verdict from aggregated research Before analysing individual studies (numbered from enth and tenth in their league tables of evidence of 1 to 19i), well take what we can from analyses which effectiveness, outranking many treatments which have amalgamated these studies. Conclusively, these take longer and cost more. Other analyses have tell us there is something here worth investigating. confirmed this conclusion, and added that the ben- From diabetes to problem drinking, high blood efits were significantly greater when motivational pressure and poor diet, motivational approaches help approaches were an induction to substance misuse patients adhere to treatment and change their life- treatment rather than a standalone therapy.15 16 18 19 styles more effectively than usual clinical advice.13 A later analysis added two further observations.20 For drinking in particular, it has a better research First, that the gains from motivational induction are record than practically any other treatment.14 15 16 greater because they persist over at least the next 12 But these omnibus verdicts conflate very differ- months while those from standalone therapies de- ent scenarios. For current purposes, the ideal analy- cay. Second, and contrary to expectations, therapists sis would focus on people seeking treatment rather had less impact when they followed a manual. This than identified through screening, and then on findings far-reaching implications are explored later induction studies rather than studies of motivational Is it dangerous to follow the manual?, p. 28. interviewing as a treatment in its own right. It would The final analysis focused on turning up for and then assess whether treatment participation was sticking with treatment or aftercare.21 Most of the productively deepened by motivational preparation. studies it pooled were of substance misuse. On the None precisely fit the bill, but some come close. basis that 12 found significant advantages for moti- vational interviewing, five that it was as effective as STRONGEST RECORD IN INDUCTION STUDIES other approaches, and just four found no benefits, Two analyses take us part way there.14 17 Among the authors declared themselves cautiously optimis- drinkers known or presumed to be seeking treat- tic. Though the weight of the evidence was positive, ment, these ranked motivational approaches elev- in three of the substance misuse studies (3, 6 & 10) 2005 ISSUE 13 DRUG AND ALCOHOL 23 THEMATIC REVIEW and in another not in the review,25 motiva- duction approach would do as well or better, approaches,19 or that it improved outcomes tional induction had no impact on starting including feedback in another style. Then by enhancing engagement with treatment. or sticking with treatment. The reviewers there were the negative studies and, for To get more of a grip on these loose argued that retention was already so good some, no convincing explanations why ends, the individual studies in these analyses that there was little room for improvement, motivational interviewing failed in these but and several later studies were analysed in but in two studies (6 & 10) this does not not in others. Finally, we have greater confi- depth Get the full story, p. 26. What follows seem to have been the case. dence that one thing causes another when focuses on the patterns which emerged. we can see the levers connecting the two, yet Rather than definitive conclusions, the LOOSE ENDS the reviewers found little evidence that interpretations offered here are an attempt Of the loose ends left by these analyses, motivational interviewing actually did to make sense of these patterns and to rec- loosest of all was whether some other in- stimulate motivation more than alternative oncile seemingly inconsistent results Albuquerque air: the first studies of drinkers The earliest trials of motivational interview- (when the cap fitted) dubbing patients ened the profile of the therapists interper- ing were conducted by Bill Millers team at alcoholics. As expected, the empathic style sonal style, seeming to confirm that the style Albuquerque in New Mexico. While thera- did result in greater reductions in drinking, mandated by motivational interviewing was pists had the benefit of expert tuition and but the differences were small and fell short preferable to confrontation. The stage was oversight from the approachs originator, as of statistical significance. set for trials of the approach in its intended yet there was no manual for them to follow. The reason may have been that in prac- role as a prelude to further treatment. tice the therapists did not implement radi- PROMISING STANDALONE INTERVENTION cally distinct approaches. Only when the STARTLING IMPACT IN INDUCTION STUDIES First it was tried as a standalone brief inter- focus was shifted to how they and their In 1993 results were published from the first vention combined with feedback from the clients actually behaved did clear and signifi- trials of motivational interviewing as a prel- Drinkers Check-up, a battery of tests of cant relationships emerge. The more the ude to respectively in- and out-patient treat- alcohol use and related physical and social therapist had confronted (arguing, showing ment. In contrast to the check-up studies, problems. Though concerned enough to disbelief, being negative about the client), patients had arrived for treatment via nor- respond to ads for the check-up, participants the more the client drank a year later. The mal referral routes and were much heavier were not the highly dependent alcoholics same was true of resistant client behaviours drinkers and more severely dependent. normally seen at treatment services. like interrupting, arguing, or being negative In both trials, a non-directive, one-on- about their need to or prospects for change. one motivational session preceded consider- Comparing immediate against delayed These client and therapist behaviours ably more directive 12-step based group 1 motivational feedback suggested that were closely related. For motivational inter- therapy.21 There was a real chance one this approach could motivate reduced viewing, the favoured interpretation is that would undermine the other, but the oppo- drinking and treatment entry among this when therapists departed from its non- site happened. Given that it was a brief type of client.27 The non-stigmatising offer confrontational style, clients were provoked prelude to more extended treatment, moti- of a check-up seemed to enable many to in to hitting back or withdrawing. The vational feedback caused startlingly large take a first (if often incomplete) step towards pattern of results suggests this was at least reductions in post-treatment
Recommended publications
  • Burke Danielle Final Project 4.14.16 -2
    Integrating family systems into substance use treatment Item Type Other Authors Burke, Danielle M. Download date 07/10/2021 22:11:04 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8035 DocuSign Envelope ID: 22D0C50D-E5D0-47D1-B6D8-920C7825D12F INTEGRATING FAMILY INTO SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT By Danielle M. Burke * DocuSigned by: Man* WsfliA, RECOMMENDED! V—_ B59EC4405A35447. .. _______________________________ Hilary Wilson, M. A. , DocuSigned by: l/akric &(fyrji 174D4DC2384B4A1... ______________________________ Dr. Valerie Gifford * DocuSigned by: W a-H R .l'h .l'l >5—=S3BE4E3E6248481™ ------------------------------------------------ Dr. Susan Renes, Advisory Committee Chair * DocuSigned by: V a3RF4F3FR94S4fi1__________________________________________________________________ Dr. Susan Renes, Chair School of Education Counseling Program Running Head: FAMILY INTO SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT 1 Integrating Family Systems into Substance Use Treatment Danielle Burke A Graduate Research Project Submitted to the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Masters of Education, Counseling Presented to Susan Renes, Ph.D. Valerie Gifford, Ph.D. Hilary Wilson, MA, NCSP University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK Spring 2016 INTEGRATING FAMILY INTO SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT 2 Abstract It is important to understand the powerful influence of loved ones in the recovery process. This influence can help encourage substance users to receive treatment, help them remain engaged in treatment, and allow those being treated to receive understanding from their loved ones they might not have received without this treatment component. Providing effective substance use treatment to families should take different aspects into consideration, including family dynamics, cultural aspects, and using the best treatment methods available. Treatment providers may not know how to incorporate social supports into specific treatment interventions.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of Patients with Substance Use Disorders Second Edition
    PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR THE Treatment of Patients With Substance Use Disorders Second Edition WORK GROUP ON SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS Herbert D. Kleber, M.D., Chair Roger D. Weiss, M.D., Vice-Chair Raymond F. Anton Jr., M.D. To n y P. G e o r ge , M .D . Shelly F. Greenfield, M.D., M.P.H. Thomas R. Kosten, M.D. Charles P. O’Brien, M.D., Ph.D. Bruce J. Rounsaville, M.D. Eric C. Strain, M.D. Douglas M. Ziedonis, M.D. Grace Hennessy, M.D. (Consultant) Hilary Smith Connery, M.D., Ph.D. (Consultant) This practice guideline was approved in December 2005 and published in August 2006. A guideline watch, summarizing significant developments in the scientific literature since publication of this guideline, may be available in the Psychiatric Practice section of the APA web site at www.psych.org. 1 Copyright 2010, American Psychiatric Association. APA makes this practice guideline freely available to promote its dissemination and use; however, copyright protections are enforced in full. No part of this guideline may be reproduced except as permitted under Sections 107 and 108 of U.S. Copyright Act. For permission for reuse, visit APPI Permissions & Licensing Center at http://www.appi.org/CustomerService/Pages/Permissions.aspx. AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION STEERING COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE GUIDELINES John S. McIntyre, M.D., Chair Sara C. Charles, M.D., Vice-Chair Daniel J. Anzia, M.D. Ian A. Cook, M.D. Molly T. Finnerty, M.D. Bradley R. Johnson, M.D. James E. Nininger, M.D. Paul Summergrad, M.D. Sherwyn M.
    [Show full text]
  • Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Opioid Treatment Programs
    Medication-Assisted Treatment For Opioid Addiction in Opioid Treatment Programs A Treatment Improvement Protocol TIP 43 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Treatment MEDICATION- www.samhsa.gov ASSISTED TREATMENT Medication-Assisted Treatment For Opioid Addiction in Opioid Treatment Programs Steven L. Batki, M.D. Consensus Panel Chair Janice F. Kauffman, R.N., M.P.H., LADC, CAS Consensus Panel Co-Chair Ira Marion, M.A. Consensus Panel Co-Chair Mark W. Parrino, M.P.A. Consensus Panel Co-Chair George E. Woody, M.D. Consensus Panel Co-Chair A Treatment Improvement Protocol TIP 43 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Treatment 1 Choke Cherry Road Rockville, MD 20857 Acknowledgments The guidelines in this document should not be considered substitutes for individualized client Numerous people contributed to the care and treatment decisions. development of this Treatment Improvement Protocol (see pp. xi and xiii as well as Appendixes E and F). This publication was Public Domain Notice produced by Johnson, Bassin & Shaw, Inc. All materials appearing in this volume except (JBS), under the Knowledge Application those taken directly from copyrighted sources Program (KAP) contract numbers 270-99- are in the public domain and may be reproduced 7072 and 270-04-7049 with the Substance or copied without permission from SAMHSA/ Abuse and Mental Health Services CSAT or the authors. Do not reproduce or Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department distribute this publication for a fee without of Health and Human Services (DHHS).
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking the Quality of Addiction Treatment Over Time and Across States: Using the Federal Government’S “Signs” of Higher Quality
    RTI Press Research Report ISSN 2378-7902 July 2020 Tracking the Quality of Addiction Treatment Over Time and Across States: Using the Federal Government’s “Signs” of Higher Quality Tami L. Mark, William N. Dowd, and Carol L. Council RTI Press publication RR-0040-2007 RTI International is an independent, nonprofit research organization dedicated to improving the human condition. The RTI Press mission is to disseminate information about RTI research, analytic tools, and technical expertise to a national and international audience. RTI Press publications are peer-reviewed by at least two independent substantive experts and one or more Press editors. Suggested Citation Mark, T. L., Dowd, W. N., and Council, C.L. (2020). Tracking the Quality of Addiction Treatment Over Time and Across States: Using the Federal Government’s “Signs” of Higher Quality. RTI Press Publication No. RR-0040-2007. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press. https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0040.2007 This publication is part of the RTI Press Research Report series.. RTI International 3040 East Cornwallis Road ©2020 RTI International. RTI International is a registered trademark and a trade name of Research Triangle PO Box 12194 Institute. The RTI logo is a registered trademark of Research Triangle Institute. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 USA This work is distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 license (CC BY-NC-ND), a copy of which is Tel: +1.919.541.6000 available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.rti.org https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0040.2007 www.rti.org/rtipress Contents About the Authors i Acknowledgments ii Abstract ii About the Authors Introduction 1 Tami L.
    [Show full text]
  • Opioid Epidemic in Alabama: a Prevention and Treatment Response
    Opioid Epidemic in Alabama: A Prevention and Treatment Response Shanna McIntosh, MS, AADC 1 Disclosure/Conflict of Interest Project Director, AL-SBIRT I have no financial conflict of interest in relation to this program. 2 Objectives • Identify resources available for those with OUD • Explain how healthcare providers gain patient access to treatment resources • Describe challenges and barriers for patients with OUD to receive resources • Demonstrate best practices for successful use of state resources and admission to treatment facilities • Discuss the importance of incorporating social workers in the process 3 A primary issue contributing to the health care crisis in Alabama is the scarcity of resources, including mental health professionals. Approximately 88,000 residents in the state of Alabama need but did not receive treatment for drugs and 193,000 need but did not receive treatment for alcohol. 4 Compared to 1 in 25 Americans who first drank, smoked or used other drugs at age 21 or older 5 Opioids and Alabama Drug of Choice at Admission Substance associated 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 with primary diagnosis at time of admission Opioids 4672 5259 5650 6851 12075 Marijuana 6077 5907 5944 6362 7073 Alcohol 6637 6112 5708 5947 6181 Methamphetamine 2298 2538 3171 4390 5397 6 How do we combat this epidemic? • Alabama’s Mission: Expand the quality and availability of evidenced based treatment for substance use disorders • Promote an “every door is the right one” approach • Expand capacity for Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) 8 How do we
    [Show full text]
  • Models and Theories of Addiction and the Rehabilitation Counselor Nora J
    Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Research Papers Graduate School 2013 Models and Theories of Addiction and the Rehabilitation Counselor nora j. see [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/gs_rp Recommended Citation see, nora j., "Models and Theories of Addiction and the Rehabilitation Counselor" (2013). Research Papers. Paper 478. http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/gs_rp/478 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research Papers by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MODELS AND THEORIES OF ADDICTION AND THE REHABILITATION COUNSELOR By Nora J. See Bachelor of Science – Southern Illinois University, 2007 A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Rehabilitation Institute in the Graduate School Southern Illinois University Carbondale February 2013 RESEARCH PAPER APPROVAL MODELS AND THEORIES OF ADDICTION AND THE REHABILITATION COUNSELOR By Nora J. See A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Masters of Science In the field of Rehabilitation Counseling Approved by: Dr. William Crimando Graduate School Southern Illinois University Carbondale February 13, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS PAGE CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2- REVIEW OF MODELS AND THEORIES
    [Show full text]
  • TREATMENT COMPLIANCE, RETENTION, and MOTIVATION for TREATMENT. Aaron Ashby Harris, Doctor of Ph
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: DUI: TREATMENT COMPLIANCE, RETENTION, AND MOTIVATION FOR TREATMENT . Aaron Ashby Harris , Doctor of Philosophy , 200 6 Directed By: Dr. Kevin O’Grady , Department of Psychology Alcohol abuse and its treatment ha ve been an increasing focus of legal, social , and treatment research during recent decades . Motivational Interviewing (MI) is one treatment approach that has received considerable attention and increasing empirical support for treating individuals with al cohol use problems . DUI offender s represent a subgroup of the alcohol -abusing population who appear to face unique issues related to “coerced treatment”, low motivation for change, and a major treatment focus on decreasing recidivism. Success in treating this population been mixed. Given their unique treatment issues, DUI offenders may particularly benefit from MI’s focus on increasing motivation for change. However, only preliminary research examining the impact of MI on DUI offender s currently exists. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that affect treatment participation, treatment engagement, and drinking behaviors by implementing a MI intervention with DUI offenders mandated to enroll in an outpatient treatment program. This stud y was the first to consider recidivist status and examine the efficacy of MI with DUI offenders with a reasonable sample size ( N = 98). A brief MI intervention was randomly administered to 48 of the DUI offenders enrolling in outpatient treatment and data was collected at baseline and 3 -month follow -up. Results of primary analyses revealed that only one outcome, self -confidence , was significantly affected by any predictor variables (i.e., treatment group, recidivist status, and motivation for treatment).
    [Show full text]
  • CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES for MANAGEMENT of CANNABIS DEPENDENCE Or
    CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF CANNABIS DEPENDENCE Or. Shiv Gautam1, Dr. I.D. Gupta2, Dr. Aftab Khan3 INTRODUCTION The cannabis plant has been used by humans in China, India and the Middle East for approximately 8,000 years for its fiber and as a medicinal agent. Cannabis was introduced to Europeans in the 9th Century via Napoleon's troops returning from Egypt and to Britain for medical use by a surgeon who has served in India. There was some recreational use in Persian bohemian demimonde in the late 19th Century. Recreational cannabis use was introduced in the United States in the 1930 from Mexico and spread via Jazz Musician to cities in the Northeastern United States. International Drug Control Treaties banned its use in United States in 1938 and in most other countries in 1961. It was used in Bohemian circles in the United States in the 1940 and 1950 before gradually disseminated to wider. US Youth Population in late 1960s and through the 1970s and 1980s. Its use was disseminated via movies, media and popular culture to many other developed countries in 1970s and 1980s. EPIDEMIOLOGY Drug abuse monitoring system (DAMS) collected data from treatment center from 23 States, 2 Union territories and Delhi (year 2002).Total sample of users is 16942. According to study the mean average age is 35.3, sample for study was equally distributed in rural (51.7%) and urban area (48.3%). For both rural and urban areas, most common substance is alcohol (43.9%), heroin (11.1 %), cannabis (11.1%), opium (8.61%), propoxyphene (2.6%) and others (18.5%).
    [Show full text]
  • Motivational Interviewing
    Motivational Interviewing Jassin M. Jouria, MD MI INTRODUCTION Motivational interviewing (MI) is a method that promotes behavior change, and can be used in a multitude of environments and situations to foster growth and to help people to take on challenging situations. Motivational interviewing is a collaborative process that edifies the client and makes him or her responsible for personal choices. It is not necessarily a stand-alone type of therapy, but instead can be incorporated into treatments and routine care for clients with various health issues, including those with physical health problems, mental health issues, or substance abuse and addiction. MI has also successfully been used along with other forms of therapy to improve connection between the client and the provider and to alter the process at which the client makes changes in his or her life. Therapists can use motivational interviewing in a number of situations, yet it should always be recognized that no one could be forced to change. Although the goal of MI is not to directly change a person’s behavior, it does guide the client toward making different choices that can foster change in his or her life. The concept of motivational interviewing began in the early 1980s with the publication of a book by William R. Miller, PhD, who focused his model of MI on working with people suffering from substance abuse and addiction. The book was titled Motivational Interviewing with Problem Drinkers and it was initially used among psychiatrists and other professionals who provided counseling services for people going through treatment for addiction [5].
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Trial of Abstinence-Based Vouchers and Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Cannabis Dependence
    Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological Association 2006, Vol. 74, No. 2, 307–316 0022-006X/06/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.2.307 Clinical Trial of Abstinence-Based Vouchers and Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Cannabis Dependence Alan J. Budney, Brent A. Moore, Heath L. Rocha, and Stephen T. Higgins University of Vermont Ninety cannabis-dependent adults seeking treatment were randomly assigned to receive cognitive– behavioral therapy, abstinence-based voucher incentives, or their combination. Treatment duration was 14 weeks, and outcomes were assessed for 12 months posttreatment. Findings suggest that (a) abstinence- based vouchers were effective for engendering extended periods of continuous marijuana abstinence during treatment, (b) cognitive–behavioral therapy did not add to this during-treatment effect, and (c) cognitive–behavioral therapy enhanced the posttreatment maintenance of the initial positive effect of vouchers on abstinence. This study extends the literature on cannabis dependence, indicating that a program of abstinence-based vouchers is a potent treatment option. Discussion focuses on the strengths of each intervention, the clinical significance of the findings, and the need to continue efforts toward development of effective interventions. Keywords: cannabis, cognitive–behavioral, marijuana, treatment, contingency management Demand for treatment for marijuana (cannabis)-related prob- retail items contingent on marijuana abstinence documented with lems in the United
    [Show full text]
  • Motivational Interviewing for Substance Abuse
    Campbell Systematic Reviews 2011:6 First published: 29 August, 2011 Last updated: 27 March, 2011 Motivational interviewing for substance abuse Geir Smedslund, Rigmor C. Berg, Karianne T. Hammerstrøm, Asbjørn Steiro, Kari A. Leiknes, Helene M. Dahl, Kjetil Karlsen Please note: Pending reformatting. Colophon Title Motivational interviewing for substance abuse Institution The Campbell Collaboration Authors Geir Smedslund Rigmor C. Berg Karianne T. Hammerstrøm Asbjørn Steiro Kari A. Leiknes Helene M. Dahl Kjetil Karlsen DOI 10.4073/csr.2011.6 No. of pages 128 Last updated 27 March, 2011 Citation Smedslund G, Berg RC, Hammerstrøm KT, Steiro A, Leiknes KA, Dahl HM, Karlsen K. Motivational interviewing for substance abuse. Campbell Systematic Reviews 2011:6 DOI: 10.4073/csr.2011.6 Co-registration This review is co-registered within both the Cochrane and Campbell Collaborations. A version of this review can also be found in the Cochrane Library. Keywords Contributions Karlsen conceived of the idea and commissioned the review. All reviewers were involved in planning the review. Smedslund wrote the methods section of the protocol. Karlsen and Smedslund wrote the background. Hammerstrøm developed the search strategy, performed the original searches and the final search in November 2010. All authors were involved with screening of studies. Smedslund and Berg did the risk of bias and data extraction. Berg and Smedslund graded the results. Smedslund did the analyses and wrote the results and discussion. Support/Funding Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Norway Potential Conflicts None. of Interest Corresponding Geir Smedslund author Norwegian Knowledge Centre for Health Services PB 7004 St. Olavs plass Oslo N-0130 Norway Telephone: +47 2325 5155 / +47 9138 7076 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Campbell Systematic Reviews Editors-in-Chief Mark W.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Review on the Treatment of Psychotropic Substance Use Disorder Submitted to Beat Drug Fund Association Submitted by P
    Literature review on the Treatment of Psychotropic Substance Use Disorder Submitted to Beat Drug Fund Association Submitted by Prof. Wai Kwong Tang, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Shatin Hospital Huajun Liang, MPhil, Department of Psychiatry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong Prof. Kwing Chin Kenneth Lee, BSc (Pharmacy), MPhil, PhD, School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong Dr. Alan Tang, MRCPsy, Department of Psychiatry, Shatin Hospital Prof. Wai Kei Christopher Lam, PhD, Department of Chemcial Pathology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong Dr. Ho Ming Michael Chan, FHKAM (Pathology), Department of Chemcial Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital Dr. Ming Lam, FHKAM (Psychiatry), Department of Psychiatry, Castle Peak Hospital Contents Executive summary........................................................................................................1 行政撮要........................................................................................................................2 Introduction....................................................................................................................3 Evidence-Based Psychosocial Therapy .........................................................................3 Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy (CBT).....................................................................3 Introduction of CBT.........................................................................................3 Evidence for the Efficacy of CBT ...................................................................4
    [Show full text]