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VOCABULARY and TERMINOLOGY for CULTURAL VISITS in SPAIN

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VOCABULARY and TERMINOLOGY for CULTURAL VISITS in SPAIN VOCABULARY and TERMINOLOGY for CULTURAL VISITS in SPAIN You may visit some of the places in this vocabulary guide with API on an organized excursion, or you may venture to one of them on your own or with a small group of friends. No matter the scenario, here are some words that can help you understand what you see during your visit – and also what you may hear from a local guide. ÁVILA Catedral de Ávila – Begun in 1099, this austere cathedral is built into the old ramparts of Ávila and bridges the gap between Romanesque and Gothic styles of architecture. Convento de Santa Teresa – St. Teresa is one of the most famous Catholic saints. She was born in 1515 into a large Jewish family but became a Carmelite nun at age 18. At 40, she experienced a mystic vision and toured Castile, seeking reforms. This 17th century convent and baroque church were built at the site of her birth. Monasterio de Santo Tomas – From this 15th-century Gothic monastery, the Inquisition did its cruel work in Ávila. Torquemada, the first General Inquisitor, was buried here for three centuries before his body was stolen and destroyed in 1836. Prince John, the only son of Ferdinand and Isabella, was also buried here. French soldiers desecrated his tomb, and only an empty crypt remains. murallas – Walls. The 11th-century walls of Ávila were built over Roman fortifications by Alfonso VI during the reconquest of Spain from the Moors. reliquia – Relic. The body or a body part of a saint or apostle, kept and revered as a memorial by a Catholic or Eastern Orthodox church. Many relics are believed to have healing abilities. BARCELONA Antoni Gaudí – The most famous of Barcelona’s modernismo architects. His houses, such as the Casa Milá and the Casa Battló, look like half-melted mounds of chocolate twisted into erratic spirals. Barri Gòtic – Gothic Quarter. This is the old aristocratic section of Barcelona, a labyrinth of crooked, narrow streets and mini-plazas, flanked by Roman ruins and the vestiges of 3rd-century walls. Casa Milà (also called La Pedrera) – The most famous apartment-house complex in Spain, this building shows off Antoni Gaudí’s fertile and fevered imagination. The famous rooftops are complete with fantasy chimneys known as espantabrujas (witch-scarers). You can see (and photograph) La Sagrada Familia framed by one of the weird buttresses. catalán – The official language of Catalonia and Barcelona. It is very similar to Provençal, spoken in portions of France. Both areas were Roman colonies. Catedral de Barcelona – The west façade was built in the 19th century, but the cathedral was begun in the 13th century and incorporates medieval and Renaissance styles. The cloister, with vaulted galleries, is an oasis featuring magnolias, medlars, palm trees, and geese! Eixample (Ensanche) – Extension or enlargement; when Barcelona outgrew its old medieval walls, it spilled over into this area in the 19th century. It was the center of the modernismo movement. Modernismo – An art nouveau movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Montjuïc – Called Hill of the Jews because of a Jewish burial ground there. It was the site of the summer Olympics in 1992 and now offers splashing fountains (illuminated on Saturday and Sunday nights), gardens, outdoor restaurants, and museums. Monument à Colom (Columbus Monument) – Erected at the waterfront in 1888, the monument is topped by a 25-foot-high bronze statue of Christopher Columbus. The original was destroyed. An elevator rises to the top of the 167-foot iron column for a panoramic view of the city and its harbor. Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya – Recently renovated, this museum has an impressive collection of Romanesque art, with frescoes and murals displayed in chronological order. It also contains church statuary and polychrome wood altar fronts. Museu de Picasso – Two old palaces on a medieval street have been combined to hold works of artist Pablo Picasso. He spent much of his youth in Barcelona, and donated 2,500 paintings, engravings, and drawings to the museum in 1970. Museu Frederic Marés – Named for a celebrated Catalan sculptor, this museum , housed in an ancient palace, holds pre-Roman art, medieval sculpture and modern works. Plaça del Rei – The King’s Square, location of the Palau Reial (Great Royal Palace), originally the residence of the counts of Barcelona. Les Rambles (in Spanish, Las Ramblas) – Once a drainage ditch, this thoroughfare is now the most famous promenade in Spain. It actually encompasses five distinct sections, each a particular rambla. Street entertainers, flower and news vendors, and café-goers stroll along the shaded esplanade from the Plaça de Catalunya all the way to the Monument à Colom. Renaixença – Renaissance of Catalonian culture in the 19th century. Sardana – National dance of the Catalans. Each Sunday morning in the Plaça de Sant Jaume, an 11-piece cobla (brass bands), dressed in trousers and plaid shirts, plays under candy-striped umbrellas. Everyone is welcome to join in and dance a traditional jig. This plaza was a major crossroads of the old Roman city. Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Familia (usually just called La Sagrada Familia, or the Holy Family) – A fantastic cathedral, begun in 1882 and still incomplete at the architect Gaudi’s death in 1926. Described as “art nouveau run rampant” and a “sand-castle cathedral,” it has to be seen to be believed. Tibidabo – Overlooking Barcelona, the 1,600-foot summit of Tibidabo can be reached by a funicular. BILBAO Basques – The oldest traceable ethnic group in Europe, with an ancient language (Euskera). They may have descended from the original Iberians, who arrived in the peninsula 3,500 years ago, before the Celts. Wave after wave of invaders drove them into the Pyrenees, where they stayed and eked out a living, continuing their traditions and customs. boina – A beret of red, blue or white woolen cloth, worn as a symbol of Basque pride. Casco Viejo – The medieval section of Bilbao. CABO DE GATA cabo – cape duna de arena – sand dune faro – lighthouse CÓRDOBA Aljama/Mezquita mayor – Main mosque (“Aljama” is the Arabic word.) Al minar/minarete – Minaret – A tall slender tower or turret, connected to a mosque, surrounded by one or more projecting balconies from which the muezzin calls the people to prayer. Almohades – A primitive group of Berbers from the Atlas Mountains who came into Spain in 1146 and took over the government. Almorávides – An army of a Berbers that were converts to Islam, "those vowed to God." This group took over Spain after the Kings of Taifas and before the Almohades. Al Muedano/Muecín – Muezzin (the person who calls people to prayer.) Califa/califato – Caliph – A successor of Muhammad as temporal and spiritual head of Islam, used as a title/Caliphate – the office or dominion of a caliph. Emir/emirato – Emir – Chief or ruler, or commander in an Islamic country/Emirate – state or jurisdiction of an emir. filigrana – Filigree, ornamental work especially of fine wire of gold, silver, or copper applied chiefly to gold and silver surfaces. kiblah – The wall (which faces Mecca) to which Moslems turn at prayer. mihrab – A niche or chamber in a mosque, in the Kiblah, indicating the direction of Mecca. Reinos de taifas – The kingdom of the Taifa, the area governed by the Moorish kings who ruled Spain after the breaking up of the Caliphate of Cordoba in 1031. EL ESCORIAL austero – austere basílica – A building used for Christian worship, improperly applied to churches in general. Clausura/Cartuja – Cloister/Carthusian order (austere order of monks founded in Dauphine, by St. Bruno, in 1086. These monks pledged to take a vow of silence.) cripta – crypt – A vault under a main part of the church. duque/marqués/conde – Duke/Marquis/Count Estilo herreriano – The name of this style comes from Herrera, Felipe II´s favorite architect. This style refers to what could be called the "Second Spanish Renaissance," which developed after the Council of Trent ("Concilio de Trento") as a reaction to the excess of ornamentation in the "First Spanish Renaissance" or "Plateresco" period. infante/infanta – Prince/Princess mausoleo – mausoleum – large tomb, usually a stone building with places for entombment of the dead above ground. monasterio/convento – Monastery – a place of residence of a community living secluded from the world under religious vows. Convent – a body of monks, friars, or nuns forming one local community...the building occupied by this group. monjes/monjas – monks/nuns panteón – pantheon – A building serving as a burial place and memorial for the famous dead of a nation una parrilla – grill príncipe/princesa – Prince/Princess rey/reina – King/Queen San Lorenzo – Saint Lawrence was made into a martyr by the Romans in the third century. The fact that he was grilled and won "eternity" by fire makes him the patron saint, "santo patrón," of the firefighters of Spain. The grill is his symbol. His onomastic (Saint's Day) is celebrated on July 21st, supposedly the hottest day of the summer and, thus, the reason why "el Lorenzo" is synonymous for "sun" in Andalucía. tumba – tomb – grave EXTREMADURA acueducto – aqueduct aljibe – tank, cistern of water anfiteatro – amphitheatre – An oval or circular building with rising tiers of seats arranged about an open space and used in ancient Rome, especially for contests and spectacles. Arco de Triunfo – Arch of triumph blasón/escudo nobiliario – coat of arms/shield Cáceres – One of the best-preserved old cities in Spain; located in Extremadura. Casa Solariega – A noble's home cavea – The different sections in the theatre or amphitheater. cigüeñas – storks circo – circus claustro – cloister comedia – comedy coro – chorus escenario – stage fachada – front, facade foro – forum – Market place or public place of an ancient city forming the center of judicial and public business.
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