COMPLIMENTARY $2.95 2017/2018 YOUR COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE PARKS MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARK
ACTIVITIES • SIGHTSEEING • DINING • LODGING TRAILS • HISTORY • MAPS • MORE
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PRESERVATION TRIM SIZE WELCOME LIVE AREA
Welcome to Mammoth Cave—the FUN FACTS longest cave in the world and one of the Established: Mammoth Cave National Park Zion National Park first tourist attractions in America. The was officially designated on July 1, 1941. It is the result of erosion, cave boasts an incredible 400 miles of later gained World Heritage Site designa- explored and mapped passageways, sedimentary uplift, and tion in 1981 and became the core area of an and geologists estimate there could be International Biosphere Reserve in 1990. Stephanie Shinmachi. many more. Mammoth Cave National Land Area: The park encompasses 52,830 8 ⅞ Park achieved official park status from acres in south central Kentucky. Congress on July 1, 1941. Since then, Plants and Animals: 130 animal spe- millions of visitors have journeyed to cies use the cave on a regular basis, some 8 ⅜ south-central Kentucky to experience as visitors and some for their entire life cy- the grandeur of this awe-inspiring sight. cle. More than 70 species are threatened or The National Park Service and Ortega endangered. 7 ⅜ Popular Sights: The park is home to the Parks work jointly to provide an unfor- world’s longest known cave system, with gettable experience for visitors. This more than 400 miles explored. 5 ⅞ American Park Network guide to Mam- Popular Activities: Visitors can enjoy moth Cave National Park is provided in cave tours, hiking, biking, camping, scenic 5 ⅜ partnership with Ortega Parks LLC and drives, ranger-led activities, horseback rid- aims to foster appreciation and respect ing, birdwatching, wildlife watching, canoe- for the park, while also providing the in- ing, fishing and more! 4 ¾ formation to make your visit as smooth Hiking: There are nearly 84 miles of hiking as possible. It has been made possible trails in the park and 12 miles of developed by the support of the sponsors whose cave trails. Be sure to select a trail with the messages appear inside. appropriate level of difficulty for everyone in your group. Throughout your visit, please respect Camping: There are three campgrounds the delicate nature of the park’s diverse located in Mammoth Cave National Park. ecosystem and its astounding geol- The three campgrounds are Mammoth Cave ogy. Carry out what you carry in, treat Campground, and the Houchin Ferry Camp- wildlife with respect, and follow all park ground and Maple Springs Campground. regulations so that future generations Lodging: The Mammoth Cave Hotel is the will have the opportunity to enjoy this only hotel located in Mammoth Cave Na- geologic wonder of the world as much tional Park. It is operated by Ortega Parks as you. and offers Hotel Cottages, Woodland Cot- Enjoy your visit! tages, Heritage Trail Rooms and Sunset Ter- race Rooms. For More Information: Please visit the official park website at nps.gov/maca or call GET THE APP! the park directly at (270) 758-2180. To make a reservation for lodging visit mammoth- IT’S FREE! DOWNLOAD NOW Join the community at cavelodge.com or call (844) 760-2283. nationalparks.org
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APN Ads_fullpage.indd 2 4/28/16 1:01 PM PRESERVATION CONTENTS
Welcome 2
What’s New! 6 American Park Network® publishes OhRanger.com, Oh, Ranger! ParkFinder™ and At A Glance 8 Oh, Ranger!® guides —a collection of visitor guides for public lands all across America. American Park Network is an official partner of Plan Your Visit 10 the National Forest Foundation, National Parks Conservation Association, National Fish and Important Numbers 12 Wildlife Foundation, American Hiking Society and the Student Conservation Association. Lodging & Dining 15 Publisher & Editor-in-Chief MARK J. SAFERSTEIN Park Regulations & Safety 16 Associate Publisher & Executive Editor Who’s Who at the Park 18 Savings can take you to sights. Joel S. Saferstein Savings can take you to amazing sights. Group Sales & Partnerships Director Sights To See 19 Alex Frenkel Geology 21 amazing EDITORIAL / PRODUCTION Managing Editor: Kate Morgan Editors: Nell Alk, Monette A. Bailey, The Cave 24 Scott Deckman, Cinnamon Janzer, Julie McCool, Renee Sklarew, Andy M. Smith Things To Do 28 Proofreader: Shannon Kronstadt Graphic Designers: Mario Arce, Dennisse Cruz, Mike Dion, Yamileth Recinos, Tatiana Hurtado Centerfold Map DIGITAL Technology Managers: Scott Falconer, Josh Eckstein Exploring The Area 31
ADVERTISING SALES & MARKETING Nature & Wildlife 36 (212) 581-3380 [email protected] Camping 39 Business Development: Sharon Burson, Randy Burton, Mary Pat Kaleth, Pat Keane, Craig King, Kristi Rummel Walking & Hiking 40 Operations Manager: Matthew Price Preservation 42 American Park Network 41 East 11th Street, 11th Floor, NY, NY 10003 History & Culture 49 @OhRanger Photography 52 ©2017 APN MEDIA, LLC · All Rights Reserved Oh, Ranger! and American Park Network Just for Kids 54 are registered trademarks of APN Media, LLC. If You Only Have a Day 56
geico.com | 1-877-434-2678 | Local Oce Cover: The stairs inside Mammoth Cave by ColorPlayter/iStock. geico.com | 1-877-434-2678 | Local Oce The publisher of this guide and the advertisers herein are not affiliated with, or endorsed by, the National Park Service. For answers to all your questions, go to Some discounts, coverages, payment plans and features are not available in all states or all GEICO companies. FOR MORE INFORMATION GEICO is a registered service mark of Government Employees Insurance Company, Washington, D.C. 20076; Distribution requests OhRanger.com Some discounts, coverages, paymenta Berkshire plans Hathaway and features Inc. subsidiary. are not available © 2017 in GEICO all states or all GEICO companies. [email protected] GEICO is a registered service mark of Government Employees Insurance Company, Washington, D.C. 20076; Oh, Ranger! Wi-Fi™ installation/sponsorship a Berkshire Hathaway Inc. subsidiary. © 2017 GEICO 5 [email protected] PRESERVATION WHAT’S NEW! WHY PARKS MATTER
There is nothing so American as our national parks. – Franklin Delano Roosevelt ®
Access to parks is one of the things that’s truly great about life in America. Not just na- tional parks, like FDR stated, but all parks. Parks Mark, Joel & Alex – Support parks, stay healthy! afford everyone, regardless of race, income, social status or age, the opportunity to escape Take a deep breath in a park and you’ll immedi- the concrete jungle and step into the wild. It ately know the value of greenspace. doesn’t matter whether it’s a small step into a Health & Wellness Studies show a high local park or a giant leap into the backcountry. correlation between time spent in parks and The effect is the same. Time in nature feels improved health (and, in my view, happiness). good. Other values that parks bring may be You move more when you’re outside, which de- less obvious. Since we take care of the things creases stress, makes you more fit and reduces we value, I’d like to highlight a few other ben- the risk of many health issues, such as diabetes, efits we all receive from public lands: high blood pressure and heart disease. Exercise Economic Impact America’s federal, state (which parks inspire) also positively impacts your and local parks and public lands generate $200 cholesterol levels. A few years ago, I started bi- billion in annual economic activity and support cycling to work every day. A year later, my over- more than one million jobs! You might help a all cholesterol went down while my HDL—the dozen businesses during a weekend hiking trip. “good” cholesterol—went up. The results of Imagine the impact of a week-long national park a small change in your exercise routine can be adventure. Parks raise property values, too! amazing! Parks invite this change. Conservation Trees produce the oxygen The value of parks is undeniable, so follow we need to survive, but did you know that FDR’s lead and support our public lands. It’s they also help save money? It’s estimated that the all-American thing to do. (Congress, take trees in cities save $400 billion in costs to re- note!) You’ll save the country money while im- tain stormwater. A single tree can store 100 proving our nation’s health—and your own, too. gallons or more, which helps keep streets from Not a bad combination! flooding and reduces the need for artificial stor- age facilities. A tree can also absorb as much as three tons of carbon gas during its lifetime. [email protected] Five national parks GET CONNECTED AT YOUR FAVORITE PARKS! One iconic American road trip VisitUtah.com/itineraries Parks are about enjoying nature, but what if you want to share a great picture or are awaiting an important email? If you’re looking to add connectivity to your park, or if you already have Wi-Fi and would like help adding content or generating sponsor revenues, please let us know at [email protected]. ®
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159 W. BROADWAY STE 200 TEL 801 531 0122 SALT LAKE CITY UTAH 84101 FAX 801 531 0123
Client: UOT Publication: American Park Network Magazine Job #: 16-UOT-1731 Road To Mighty Issue: Due to Vendor 4/7 File: 16-UOT-1731 RTM_Brothers_AmericanPark_170407.pdf Bleed: 5.875” w x 8.875” h File Created: 03/27/2017 Trim: 5.375” w x 8.375” h Agency Contact: Robyn Reynolds Live: 4.75” w x 7.375” h Phone: 801-531-0122 Colors: 4C Email: [email protected] PRESERVATION AT A GLANCE AT A GLANCE
From the beginning, underground explor- While most visitors to Mammoth Cave ers doubted that they would ever find the National Park come to view its subterra- Garden State Hiker end of Kentucky’s Mammoth Cave. Currently nean wonders, its surface beauty should measuring 400 miles long, Mammoth Cave is not be overlooked. Above ground, Mam- known as the longest cave in the world and moth offers 52,830 acres of scenic park- exploration to discover more continues today. land perfect for hiking, fishing, biking, Geologists estimate that there are hundreds horseback riding, paddling and wildlife more miles of undiscovered passageways viewing. Buried within a thriving second- yet to be mapped and explored. growth woodland forest, you’ll find ex- In Mammoth’s vast subterranean world traordinary and unusual ecosystems in the there are giant vertical shafts, from the tow- bowl-shaped sinkholes, limestone bluffs, ering 192-foot-high Mammoth Dome to the and wetlands scattered throughout this 105-foot-deep Bottomless Pit. Some pas- lush park. sages and rooms are decorated with spar- Keep a look out for for common woodland kling white gypsum crystals, while others creatures like deer, raccoon, opossum, gray are filled with stalactites, stalagmites and squirrel, rabbit, woodchuck, muskrat, bea- other cave formations. Underground rivers, ver, red fox, coyote, owls and wild turkey, but including Echo River and the River Styx, flow be careful not to disturb some of Mammoth Mammoth Cave tours give visitors the chance to see interesting geological formations. through Mammoth’s deepest chambers. And Cave’s most precious endangered animals, in the cave’s absolute blackness dwell many that include the Kentucky Cave Shrimp, the Canoe or kayak the Green River or Nolin are available throughout the year for ev- rare and unusual animals, including eyeless Indiana Bat, Gray Bat and seven species of River for a close-up view of dramatic bluffs, eryone—young and old. They range from fish, ghostly white spiders and blind beetles. freshwater mussels. majestic trees, curious wildlife, and the 1.5-hour strolls to six-hour adventures. On plants that ancient explorers used as torches the surface, park rangers lead walks to re- to explore the cave. The river, dotted with markable features like Green River Bluffs FEDERAL RECREATIONAL LANDS PASSES sandbars, islands and subsurface springs, and the River Styx Spring. More than 80 supports one of the most biologically di- miles of hiking trails cross the park, ranging A federal recreation pass is helpful if you plan to visit many national parks, forests or other fed- verse ecosystems in North America. Among from easy jaunts around the visitor center eral lands. For information, call (888) 275-8747 or visit store.usgs.gov/pass. the creatures that call it home include over to intense treks in the backcountry. Other Type Cost Availability Details 50 species of freshwater mussels. recreational activities include: horseback Annual $80 General Public This one-year pass is available on site, by phone or Along with its stunning natural splendor, riding, hiking, canoeing, biking, bird watch- Pass online (see above). the Mammoth Cave area boasts a rich and ing and fishing. Senior $10 U.S. residents age 62+ This lifetime pass is available on site or via mail or- colorful human tale that began 5,000 years In 1941, Mammoth Cave National Park Pass der. ID required. ago. It’s a fascinating story that features an- was established to preserve the caves, Military Free U.S. military members This one-year pass is available on site. cient miners, saltpeter mines, the first un- the river valleys and the stunning topog- Pass and their dependents ID (CAC Card or DoD Form 1173) required. derground tuberculosis hospital in history, raphy. On October 27, 1981, it became a Access Free U.S. residents with per- This lifetime pass is available on site or via mail or- trapped cavers, clever guides, the birth of World Heritage Site; on September 26, Pass manent disabilities der. ID and documentation required. modern tourism and the creation of Ameri- 1990, it became an International Bio- Volunteer Free 250 cumulative volunteer Inquire locally to obtain information about this one- ca’s 26th national park. sphere Reserve. Visitors still come by the Pass service hours year pass. The park’s 52,830 acres offer many thousands, drawn by the dark frontier that opportunities for recreation. Cave tours is Mammoth Cave.
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ENTRANCE FEES From the east, use Bluegrass Parkway, Entrance to Mammoth Cave National Cumberland Parkway (Louie B. Nunn Park is free, although there is a fee Parkway), and U.S. 68. for cave tours. The park is open year- From the west, use U.S. 68 & 80, round, except for December 25, but Natcher Parkway, and the Wendell H. may close for severe weather. Activities Ford Western Kentucky Parkway. Exits and programs vary by season. Call at Park City and Cave City are for the (270) 758-2180 for current information. park along I-65. KY 70 also provides park See the “Things to Do” chapter for more access through Brownsville, Kentucky information and see the “Caves” chapter (on the southwest border of the park). for specific information and charts on the Air: Louisville International Airport cave tours. and Nashville International Airport, both about 90 miles from Mammoth Cave, PERMITS & RESERVATIONS offer daily flights from the United States Reservations are strongly recommended and Canada on major airlines including for cave tours. Those wishing to camp Delta, Air Canada, and Northwest. overnight in the backcountry must obtain a There is also a smaller regional airport in backcountry use permit (no charge) at the Bowling Green, approximately 35 miles visitor center information desk. No license from the park. is required for fishing in the park. Bus: Southeastern Greyhound Bus serves Bowling Green. The bus station GETTING TO MAMMOTH CAVE is closed on weekends and holidays. Call Mammoth Cave National Park is (270) 842-5131 before you leave to make located in south central Kentucky, about travel arrangements. 35 miles northeast of Bowling Green, Kentucky, approximately 90 miles south of GETTING AROUND OUTSIDE Louisville, Kentucky; and about 90 miles OF THE PARK north of Nashville, Tennessee. The park is Cars: All parts of the park are easily in the central time zone. reached by car. There are also many scenic drives along the way. TRANSPORTATION Taxi: A taxi service is available Car: From the north, take I-65 South from the bus station at Bowling from Louisville, Kentucky, (about 90 miles Green. The distance is approximately away) to Exit 53, turn right. Another 15 35 miles to the park. Pre-Collision1 with Pedestrian 2 minutes of driving will bring you to the Rental Cars: Contact airports for Detection standard. park visitor center. rental car information. Pedestrians can come out of nowhere. So Pre-Collision with Pedestrian Detection can help spot them and brake From the south, take I-65 North from Bowling Green: (270) 842-1101, for you. It’s just one of the standard Toyota Safety Sense™ P (TSS-P)3 features that give you more peace of mind. Nashville, Tennessee (about 90 miles) to Exit Louisville: (502) 367-4636,
Options shown. Dramatization. 1. The TSS Pre-Collision System is designed to help avoid or reduce the crash speed and damage in certain frontal collisions only. It is not a substitute for safe and attentive driving. System effectiveness is 48, turn left. Stay straight for 15 minutes, Nashville: (615) 275-4311, dependent on road, weather and vehicle conditions. See Owner’s Manual for additional limitations and details. 2. The Pedestrian Detection system is designed to detect a pedestrian ahead of the vehicle, determine if impact is imminent and help reduce impact speed. It is not a substitute for safe and attentive driving. System effectiveness depends on many factors, such as speed, size and position of pedestrians, and weather, light and road conditions. See Owner’s until you reach the park visitor center. Glasgow Enterprise: (270) 651-6682. Manual for additional limitations and details. 3. Drivers are responsible for their own safe driving. Always pay attention to your surroundings and drive safely. Depending on the conditions of roads, weather and the vehicle, the system(s) may not work as intended. See Owner’s Manual for additional limitations and details. ©2017 Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. 10 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS |
S A ATCHI & S A ATCHI LOS ANGELES • 3501 SEPULVEDA BLVD . • TORRANCE, CA • 90505 • 310 - 214 - 6000 SIZE: Bleed: 5-7/8" x 8-7/8" Trim: 5-3/8" x 8-3/8" Live: 4-3/4" x 7-3/8" Mechanical is 100% of final BY DATE W/C DATE BY DATE W/C DATE No. of Colors: 4C Type prints: Gutter: LS: Output is 100% of final Project Manager Diversity Review Panel Print Producer Assist. Account Executive CLIENT: TMS Advertising EXECUTIVE CREATIVE DIRECTORS: F. Costa Studio Manager Account Executive JOB TITLE: MY17 Prius Print — Cellphone CREATIVE DIRECTOR: R. Braga Production Director Account Supervisor PRODUCT CODE: 120311- PRI ASSC. CREATIVE DIRECTORS: Art Buyer Management Director AD UNIT: 4CPB COPYWRITER: D. Sorgan Proofreading CLIENT Art Director TRACKING NO: 04652 PE ART DIRECTOR: L. Borges Ad Mgr./Administrator •Chief Creative Officer PRODUCTION DATE: March 2017 PRINT PRODUCER: R. Dallas-Noble Ph: 310.214.6233 National Ad Mgr. •Exec. Creative Director MECHANICAL NUMBER: ______STUDIO ARTIST: V. Lee Ph: 310.214.6224 VOG •Creative Director SHOT NO: PRS_MY17_0174_V001 •Assc. Creative Director Corp. Mgr., Mkt. Comm. V.P. Marketing Copywriter •Assc. Creative Director Legal/Product PROOF NUMBER ––––––––––––– SPECIAL INFO: Bill to B1194-006516-00 Product TMS Diversity Binder
109184 Saatchi & Saatchi Oris EG M9184_04652PE_Prius_Cellphone_5375x8375 05/03/17 PMSxxxx PMSxxxx PMSxxxx PMSxxxx 2:56 PM PLAN YOUR VISIT PLAN YOUR VISIT
that will make your trip more enjoyable. LAUNDROMAT IMPORTANT NUMBERS Have a question about park rules and There is a self-service laundry service Emergency Dial 911 regulations? See the “Park Regulations and adjacent to the post office at the Caver’s (270) 758-2180 Safety” chapter for tips. Camp Store near Mammoth Cave General Park Information nps.gov/maca Campground. The laundry facility has (877) 444-6777 Cave tour reservations BANKING SERVICES 2 coin-operated washers and 2 coin- recreation.gov There is an ATM located in the operated dryers. Hours vary by season, so (270) 758-2225 Lodging within the park Mammoth Cave Hotel. Banks in the check at the camp store. mammothcavehotel.com nearby towns of Cave City, Horse City Non-emergency assistance, dial (270) 758-2180 and Park City have 24-hour automated LOST AND FOUND teller machines (ATM), foreign currency In the event that you find or lose an item (877) 444-6777 Camping recreation.gov exchange and other services. during your stay at the park, please visit the ticket sales area in the visitor center for Canoe Rentals: Green River Canoeing (270) 773-5712 CAMPING SUPPLIES the lost and found. For more information, Mammoth Cave Canoe and Kayak (270) 773-3366 Camping and picnic supplies are please call (270) 758-2419. available in the Caver’s Camp Store, Big Buffalo Crossing Canoe and Kayak (270) 774-7883 located near the campground. POSTAL SERVICES Cave Country Canoe (270) 773-5552 There is a U.S. post office behind the GIFT SHOPS Caver’s Camp Store near Mammoth Cave Lost and Found (270) 758-2180 Souvenir books and historical cave Campground. For more information, please Accommodations and attractions outside the park: (270) 773-8833 information are available in the Cave call (270) 758-2311. Cavecity.com Company Gift Shop located near the main lobby of the hotel. For more upscale RELIGIOUS SERVICES VISITOR CENTER WEATHER shopping, visit the Kentucky Home Store There are a variety of religious options Located in the middle of the park, Summers are hot with highs in the 80s and off the main lobby, featuring varied and in nearby towns. For more information, call on clearly marked roads, the visitor 90s°F. Winters are mild with highs in the 30s unique creations, many made by Kentucky (270) 773-3131. center provides all the information you and 40s°F, although temperatures can drop craftsmen. need to make your trip memorable. The to well below freezing. In winter it is very cold SERVICE STATION Mammoth Cave National Park Visitor just inside the cave entrance. Temperatures EMERGENCIES Gas is no longer available in the park. It Center is open every day of the year, in the cave, however, are around 54°F year- Dial 911. For non-emergency assistance, can be purchased in nearby towns, so fill except December 25. Hours may vary round, so bring a light jacket if you plan to dial (270) 758-2180; (270) 758-2115. up before you enter. depending on the season. take a cave tour. It can seem chilly! For specific hours, be sure to call FIRST AID SHOWERS ahead and confirm with the center. SIZE AND VISITATION First Aid is available at the visitor center. Coin operated shower facilities are Inside you will find the ticket office, Mammoth Cave National Park comprises Dial 911 for emergencies. available at the Caver’s Camp Store near restrooms, a bookstore, water fountains, 52,830 acres. The park is open year-round Mammoth Cave Campground. For more weather reports, exhibits and an with the highest visitation in June, July KENNEL information, please call (270) 758-2225. information desk. and August, and the lowest in January. More Outdoor kennels are available at the Check at the information desk about than 500,000 people visit the park annually. Mammoth Cave Hotel. Inquire at the hotel special programs, ranger-led talks and front desk for more information. Note that SHARE YOUR FAVORITE seasonal evening programs. pets are not permitted on any of the cave VISITOR SERVICES MEMORIES WITH US! For more information, please call At Mammoth Cave, you’ll find gift shops, tours at any time, with the exception of FOLLOW US! (270) 758-2180. camping supplies and other necessities service animals for those with disabilities.
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ACCESSIBILITY campsites. Restroom facilities are also LODGING & DINING accessible. The nearby camp store, VISITOR CENTER post office and laundry facilities are also The visitor center and its restrooms, accessible. Camping facilities are available The Mammoth Cave Hotel is located Cottages are situated in a grove of trees information desk, ticket counter and March through November. within the park near the historic entrance a short distance from the hotel. These exhibits are accessible. Please inquire to the world famous Mammoth Cave, and single-, two-, three- and four-bedroom about ranger-led activities around the PICNIC AREA a short walk too the visitor center. Food is rustic cottages offer basic accommoda- visitor center including cave tours that are Open seasonally, the picnic area is available at Troglobite Snack Shop (open tions and are a great location for retreats! accessible. minimally accessible. There are two seasonally), at the Crystal Lake Coffee They have mini-fridges, coffee makers, parking spaces and picnic tables, an Shop and at the Travertine Restaurant. The ceiling fans and can accommodate up to HOTEL & RESTAURANT accessible picnic shelter and accessible Caver’s Camp Store near the Mammoth 16 people. Pets are welcome for an ad- The Mammoth Cave Hotel offers access restrooms. Cave Campground stocks a limited supply ditional $9 per night. (Available mid-May for visitors in wheelchairs. The Heritage of groceries. through September). Trail Rooms are ADA accessible and TRAILS The Service Center also features show- Since 1816, Mammoth Cave Hotel has accommodate between two to four people Ask at the visitor center about the ers, a laundromat and a post office. Mam- served regional southern cuisine to visitors. with fully accessible restrooms. three accessible trails in the park: moth Cave Hotel will be operated by Mammoth Cave Hotel provides delicious Sand Cave Trail, Sloan’s Crossing Ortega Parks, an authorized concessioner home-style cooking in the Travertine Restau- CAMPING Pond Trail and the Heritage Trail. See of the National Park Service, through the rant and the Crystal Lake Coffee Shop. For Mammoth Cave Campground has the “Walking and Hiking” chapter for year 2032. For more information or res- those on the run, there’s Troglobites Snack two designated wheelchair-accessible more information. ervations, call (844) 760-2283 or visit Shop on-site (open mid-June through Labor mammothcavelodge.com. Day). Restaurant hours vary by season. For
NPS Heritage Trail Rooms: Four air-con- more information, call (844) 760-2283. ditioned, ADA-accessible rooms, each accommodating two to four guests, are ad- jacent to the historic entrance to Mammoth Cave and close for tour-goers.
Sunset Terrace Rooms: Twenty air- Resorts Forever conditioned rooms —including two that are ADA accessible—are located in a pic- turesque setting at the forest’s edge, not far from the Heritage Trail that leads to the stunningly beautiful Sunset Point Overlook. The motel-style Sunset Terrace rooms are a perfect location for larger gatherings, such as a family reunion. Historic Hotel Cottages: The 10 air-con- ditioned single unit cottages are nestled near the forest with close proximity to the outdoor amphitheater and historic Engine No. 4. They are fully furnished, comfortable and just a short walk from the hotel. (Avail- able mid-March through October.) If you’re looking to stay close to the action, the When you visit Mammoth Cave National Park, you’ll find that the opportunity for adventure abounds. Mammoth Cave Hotel is the only lodging within Camping, fishing and hiking are just a few of the many activities available in the park. The Woodland Cottages: The Woodland the boundaries of the park.
14 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | | MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 15 PRESERVATIONPARK REGULATIONS PARK REGULATIONS & SAFETY & SAFETY NPS
You can make the most of your visit to REGULATIONS Mammoth Cave National Park by planning • Camping along the floodplain is by per- ahead, and becoming acquainted with some mit only. Inquire at the visitor center. simple precautions. All of these regulations • Boats may be taken in and out of the are designed to enhance your safety. water at Green River Ferry. Canoes may be taken in and out at Green River, SAFETY TIPS Houchin and Dennison Ferries. Before • On cave tours, it is vital that you wear launching pick up a BackCountry Map & proper footwear and select a tour that Guide at the Visitor Center. is appropriate for your physical abilities. • All boat passengers must have a Many cave tours and nature walks are U.S. Coast Guard approved personal considered strenuous. flotation device. It should be worn at all • Do not approach or feed animals. All ani- times while on the river. mals in the park are wild, and feeding • Never dump or discharge refuse them harms their well-being. in the water. • Do not drink from rivers, ponds, lakes or springs in the park without first treat- FISHING REGULATIONS ing the water. Potable water is avail- • At First Creek Lake, it is prohibited to able at the visitor center, the hotel, use any live bait other than worms. While exploring, it is important to always follow all of the rules and regulations designated by the National Park Service. Caver’s Camp Store and Houchin Ferry On the rivers, you can use minnows or Campground. worms. Using bait seines in the park is • Do not hang lanterns in trees, to prevent HOMELAND SECURITY • Swimming in the Green River is not rec- strictly regulated, so please check with forest fires. The following items are not permitted in ommended due to strong currents and rangers for specific rules. the visitor center area: deep holes. Lifeguards are not on duty. • Collecting frogs, turtles, mussels, etc., HORSE REGULATIONS • Firearms (see park brochure) or digging for bait is strictly prohibited. • Horseback riding is permissible on many • Knives • No fishing license is required in the designated trails north of the Green River. • Luggage (suitcases, duffel bags, etc.) PACKING ESSENTIALS park. Kentucky fishing regulations ap- • Travel by horseback off designated trails • Pepper Spray/Mace ply. Inquire at the visitor center. Fish by is prohibited. • Sharp Instruments (box cutters, scissors, Don’t hit the trail without: handline, rod and reel, or trot and throw • Walk horses through mud on trails and etc.) • Topographic map and compass + GPS line. All other methods are prohibited. not around it. Do not shortcut trails or fol- • Strollers • Whistle low “pig-paths” —this damages trails. • Weapons (clubs, batons, brass knuckles, • Flashlight or headlamp CAMPING REGULATIONS • Never tie horses to trees. Always cross- etc.) • Sunglasses, sunscreen and hat • Transporting firewood into the park is tie horses between trees. • High-energy food and plenty of water stricting prohibited. Confine fires to ground • Hitching horses to trees is prohibited. PETS • Appropriate clothing and extra layers grills. You can buy wood at Caver’s Camp Use a picket line or hobble horses during • Pets must be on a leash and under • Waterproof Matches Store. breaks. physical restraint at all times. Do not • Insect repellent • Pocket knife • A Backcountry Use Permit is required for • Scatter horse manure at least 200 feet leave pets unattended at your campsite. • First-aid kit all backcountry camping. A free permit from trails, water sources and campsites. • The hotel maintains a kennel. Pets are • Sturdy footwear may be obtained at the Park Visitor Center. • Horseback riding is prohibited on all roads not permitted on cave tours, except • Use only fallen dead wood for fires. and trails south of the Green River. service animals.
16 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | | MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 17 PRESERVATIONWHO’S WHO AT PRESERVATION THE PARK SIGHTS TO SEE
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ity educational materials and services to There is a lot to do and see at thrushes, catbirds, starlings, vireos, wood The National Park Service (NPS) is the park visitors and supporters and to aid Mammoth Cave National Park, both warblers, tanagers, cardinals, sparrows, federal custodian of Mammoth Cave Na- the NPS with income derived from these above ground and below. While the blackbirds and finches. tional Park. As an agency of the U.S. De- activities. cave itself is the main attraction, make partment of the Interior, the NPS has the sure to check out all the park has to A MAMMOTH FISH responsibility of preserving and protecting CAVE RESEARCH FOUNDATION offer: rivers teeming with wildlife, strik- Anglers will find good fishing in Mam- the natural and cultural values of our na- The Cave Research Foundation (CRF) ingly beautiful karst terrain and diverse moth throughout the year, with spring and tional parks, protecting the wildlife therein grew out of the efforts of cave explorers bird populations. Recreational activities summer being most productive. Black and providing for public use and enjoy- working in the Mammoth Cave area of abound at Mammoth Cave—don’t limit bass, crappie, bluegill, muskellunge and ment of the parks. Kentucky in the late 1940s. It is a private, yourself to a cave tour. Canoe down The NPS regulates all prices and oper- nonprofit organization dedicated to: facili- the beautiful Green River, hike on the rug- ating standards within Mammoth Cave tating research, management, and inter- ged North Side, bike on Mammoth Cave National Park. To contact the NPS at pretation of caves and karst resources; Railroad Bike and Hike Trail and camp un- Mammoth Cave, visit nps.gov/maca, e- forming partnerships to study, protect, der the stars. Željko Radojko mail [email protected] or and preserve cave resources and karst call (270) 758-2180. areas; and promoting the long-term con- FROZEN NIAGARA servation of caves and karst ecosystems. A visit to Mammoth Cave is not ORTEGA PARKS LLC Most work conducted by Cave Re- complete without a glimpse of this mas- Located in pristine settings of na- search Foundation is on state and federal sive curtain of flowstone. The incredible tional parks, forests and well-known lands under a Memorandum of Under- formation cascades downward for 75 destinations around the world, Ortega standing with the National Park Service feet, creating the illusion of a stone Parks strives to provide a fun-filled vaca- and the U.S. Department of the Interior. waterfall and striking wonder into all that tion while helping to create an aware- see it. ness of the area’s history, culture and FRIENDS OF MAMMOTH CAVE Frozen Niagara is located in one of the environment. The Friends of Mammoth Cave Na- few areas in Mammoth Cave with the spe- Ortega Parks will operate the Mammoth tional Park, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, serve leothems that most people associate with Cave Hotel, Travertine Dining Room, Crys- as ambassadors for the Park and work caves. To see Frozen Niagara, take the tal Lake Coffee Shop and the cave shuttle in cooperation with the National Park Domes and Dripstones, Frozen Niagara, bus service through 2032. Ortega Parks Service to fund projects and programs Wild Cave, or Grand Avenue Tours. is dedicated to its corporate ideology of that protect, preserve, and enhance the taking time to play, preserve and protect natural and cultural resources and the BIRDS GALORE our national resources and recreational visitor experience of Mammoth Cave Mammoth Cave National Park is home destinations. For more information, call National Park. to a variety of species of birds. Birdwatch- (505) 310-6753 or visit ortegaparks.com. Friends of Mammoth accomplish these ing is an extremely popular activity in the goals through the support of individuals park. Some species include grebes, her- EASTERN NATIONAL and organizations that care about Mam- ons, ducks, vultures, hawks, bald eagles, Eastern National has been a valued moth Cave and want to help ensure that quail, wild turkey sandpipers, doves, partner of the National Park Service since its magic endures forever. For volunteer hummingbirds, kingfishers, whip-poor- 1947 and operates a bookstore in the opportunities, please call (270) 758-2152 wills, owls, flycatchers, crows, blue jays, Come tour Mammoth Cave and spot some visitor center. Its mission is to offer qual- or visit friendsofmammothcave.org. chickadees, titmice, nuthatches, wrens, unique formations!
18 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | | MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 19 SIGHTS TO SEE PRESERVATION
NPS GEOLOGY
Beneath the surface of south- 700 vertical feet of limestone and shale. central Kentucky lies a world that is The sea changed over time and virtually unparalleled. It is a labyrinth Kentucky became a shoreline. characterized by mile upon mile of dark, (Key point: limestone is soluble.) seemingly endless passageways. The geo- A large Mississippi-sized river from the logical process resulting in Mammoth Cave north deposited sand on its Kentucky delta. began hundreds of millions of years ago More time passed until the sand hardened and continues to this very day. into 60 vertical feet of sandstone. (Key point: sandstone is insoluble.) HOW THE CAVES FORMED Tectonic plates moved causing Ken- According to geologists, 350 million tucky to bulge up and the many strata of years ago Kentucky was covered by a shal- limestone and sandstone cracked. Rain low sea teeming with tiny shell life. As fell and drained into the cracks. In some these creatures died their shells accumu- places, the rain water dissolved cavities lated by the billions on the sea floor. below the surface and formed conduits. Life and death continued for millions of In some places the exposed limestone year. Layer upon layer of dead organisms was washed away. Where the sand- built up and hardened, to eventually form stone layers remained intact they acted There are many locations in the park to explore outside of the standard cave tours. Taking to the calm waters of the Green and Nolin Rivers in a canoe is one way to explore the area. NPS catfish—not to mention almost 100 other A SINKHOLE species—frequent the Green and Nolin Besides the incredible caverns below, Rivers. These rivers support an unusual Mammoth’s surface acreage includes diversity of fish, as well as over 50 spe- large tracts of second-growth oak and cies of freshwater mussels, including hickory woodlands, sinkhole-ridden karst seven endangered species. Nolin Lake’s topography—the limestone foundation for tail waters (just north of the park) are Mammoth’s underground wonders—and stocked with nonnative rainbow trout. modest wetlands. About 84 miles of trails wind through A WILD CAVE the park, all open to hikers, many to Family-friendly tours, such as the half- horseback riders—north of the Green mile Discovery Tour, highlight Mammoth River—and some to bikers. There are six Cave’s history of mining and exploration, as trailheads, including the popular Lincoln well as the history of its amazing geology. Trailhead, that serve as a jumping-off The park also offers wild caving tours for the points for the park’s north side back- serious spelunker and cave explorer in you. country trails, which wind past sinkholes For more information and a comprehensive and springs. chart—with detailed descriptions—of all The north side’s trails traverse the park’s the tours offered in the park, please see the steep, oak and hickory-covered hills, run- The cave has been forming for millions of years, while humans have explored “Caves” chapter. ning alongside streams and waterfalls. it only in the last century.
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EARTHQUAKE sinkholes, disappearing streams and Stalagmite: A speleothem that rises underground streams) is ideal for the from the floor when water containing Mammoth Cave lies 150 miles from a ma- formation of caves. calcium carbonate drips onto the floor of an USGS jor earthquake fault along the Mississippi Second, the Green River Valley has air-filled passage. Remember: stalagmites River. In 1811 and 1812, a series of three deepened throughout time, causing grow from the ground. earthquakes with estimated magnitudes multiple levels to form. Gypsum: Hydrous calcium sulfate min- of approximately 8.0 on the Richter Scale Third, the sandstone caprock on the pla- eral found in dry sections of a cave that struck the Midwest. In the cave, saltpeter teau above protects the older upper level is colorless, white or yellowish and miners reported that... “about five minutes passages from destruction. If that sand- found in powder or crystal form. Gypsum before the shock a heavy rumbling noise stone didn’t exist, portions of the caves can form spectacular flower-like struc- was heard coming out of the cave like a would erode and eventually collapse. tures that seem to ooze and curl from mighty gust of wind; when that ceased, the walls and ceilings. the rocks cracked, and all appeared to be CAVE FEATURES going in a moment of final destruction. Speleothems: Cave formations caused A SCIENTIFIC TREASURE CHEST The cave is located only 150 miles away from However, no one was injured although a major fault. by the deposition of dissolved minerals in crys- Mammoth Cave is truly a scientific large rocks fell in some parts of the cave.” talline form. Gypsum flowers, stalactites and treasure chest. In addition to being Geologists believe that the effects of would have the most potential to cause stalagmites are examples of speleothems. the world’s longest known cave, it earthquake tremors are less in caves than damage to caves are displaced on the sur- Stalactite: A speleothem that hangs contains a clear and complete record of on the surface. The shock waves that face, much like ripples on a pond. from cave ceilings. They form when geomorphic and climatic changes over water containing calcium carbonate drips the past 10 million to 20 million years, into an air-filled passage. Remember: stalac- one of the most diverse cave ecosystems as a roof for the limestone underneath. tion of the sandstone ridgetops were tites hang from the ceiling. in the world. Time passed. preserved. Rainwater drained from a broad plain Today, there are 400 caves within into the underground conduits that the boundary of Mammoth Cave Na- stretched through the protected limestone tional Park, including the eponymous layers. Runoff waters flowed through un- Mammoth Cave. derground streams until they resurfaced The great cave has five levels of pas- and fed into a surface river, the Green sageways and winds through four ridges. River. The plain became pocked with Rain still drains off the broad sinkhole funnel-shaped sinkholes; the underground plain into cave streams that flow 360 feet became a series of caves. below the ridgetops, making more cave. Our best rates, free nights, perks Time passed. Green River cut down and partner offers at over 1,000 hotels into its valley between sandstone-cov- WHY IS MAMMOTH CAVE SO LONG? ered ridges. When its valley was 100 A unique combination of circumstances feet deep, the underground tributaries, or have come together to make Mammoth cave streams, were 100 feet below the Cave the longest cave in the world. First, surface. the karst setting (a limestone region with Time passed. When Green River’s val- ley was 200 feet deep, the cave streams were 200 feet below the ridge tops and ©2017 RLH Corporation. All Rights Reserved upper stream beds dried up. Cave pas- GET THE APP! IT’S FREE! DOWNLOAD NOW sageways that formed under the protec-
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Domes and Dripstones and Frozen Niagara one of the best ways to ensure you get THE CAVE are offered all year. Other special tours are on the cave tour you want! The online offered seasonally. Consult the seasonal reservation system is easy and convenient tour schedule or call the park for more in- because you can use it at any time of the Beneath the dimpled surface of the who fear heights or confined spaces formation on what parts of the cave will be day. If you prefer, you can make reserva- park, the splendid sights of Mammoth and/or cannot climb steps. Do not let shown during your visit. tions by phone. Please call the following Cave impress hundreds of thousands of friends or family members talk you into numbers to make advance reservations, visitors each year. Ancient artifacts, fas- joining a cave tour if you feel uncomfort- PHOTO TIPS FOR THE CAVE which are recommended for certain tours cinating cave critters and breathtaking able about it. Even though the cave is electrically lighted, during peak periods. mineral formations are just a few of the • Walking sticks and canes are permitted taking photos in the cave can be a tricky task extraordinary sights visitors will find on on cave tours only when sufficient need to navigate—especially in large caverns where By Phone: (877) 444-6777 tours led by National Park Service rangers. is demonstrated. the light dissipates. Ensure that your photos TDD (hearing impaired): Before venturing below, however, care- • Tripods (and monopods) are not allowed are picture perfect by following these tips: (877) 833-6777 fully consider individual limitations and the on cave tours. No flash photography. • Set your camera before entering the Online: recreation.gov fragile nature of the cave system. Make • Strollers are not permitted on cave tours. cave or use the automatic setting Payment: Visa, Discover, MasterCard sure to choose a cave tour that matches • Large or metal-framed backpacks and • Make sure that you are using a high ISO and American Express accepted. your physical ability. Once underground, backpack child carriers may not be worn (generally 400 or greater). Call Center Hours: follow all of the ranger’s instructions so on cave tours. • Take photos of objects less than 12 feet away. 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Central Time, daily. that the beauty of Mammoth Cave will be • Smoking is not permitted in the cave or • No flash photography allowed on the Cancellation: All changes of tour res- preserved for future generations. at the cave entrance. cave tours ervation will be considered a cancellation The following sections contain more • The cave’s interior passageways remain and charged $3 per ticket. Cancellations information focusing on cave etiquette, constant in the mid-50s fahrenheit year- RESERVATIONS made fewer than 24 hours in advance of availability, photo tips inside the cave and round. In most areas of the cave, you’ll Making advanced reservations is the tour will not receive a refund. cave tours. It is recommended that any- be comfortable if you wear long pants one who plans on taking a cave tour read and take a sweater or jacket with you. the following sections before entering • Cave trail surfaces vary, some are dry and exploring. and dusty while others may be wet and slippery. You’ll encounter numerous BEFORE ENTERING THE CAVE stairs and some steep inclines on many • Consider your physical limitations realis- cave tours. Durable, flat-soled footwear tically when choosing a cave tour. Some suitable for walking is essential. tours are not recommended for visitors • Regulations are in effect to protect bats from white-nose syndrome (see the
NPS “Preservation” chapter of this guide). Do not wear shoes or clothing or carry objects that have been in another cave or mine since 2005. All participants are required to walk the length of an artificial turf mat to remove spores and dirt after exiting caves.
AVAILABILITY Availability of certain interpretive tours Cave temperatures are usually as cool as a late fall day. A jacket or sweater is recommended. varies from season to season. Historic,
24 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | | MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 25 THE CAVE THE CAVE
CAVE TOURS AND SURFACE TOURS CAVE TOURS (CONTINUED) Elevation Elevation Change Duration Change Duration Tour Name Difficulty Cost Distance Description Tour Name Difficulty Cost Distance Description
Domes 250 feet Adults $15 2 hours A wonderful complement to the Star 160 feet Adults $14 2.25 hours Follow the passageway taken by Dr. and moderate Youth $10 0.75 miles Historic Tour, this trip includes a dra- Chamber moderate Youth $10 1.5 miles John Croghan as he tended patients Dripstones matic series of domes and pits, typi- Seniors $7 in his “hospital” 160 feet under- Seniors $7.50 Tour Tour cal large trunk passageways, a short ground. Must be over 6 years old. (formerly journey through dripstone forma- New tions and stairs, stairs, stairs! Entrance) Mammoth 160 feet Adults $7 1 hr 15 min This short visit into the cave’s largest Passage easy Youth $5 0.75 miles and most visited entrance area is a Seniors $3.50 “smorgasbord” of cultural and natu- Clevealand moderate Adults $16 2.5 hours Descend nearly 200 stairs to see Tour ral topics. Available by demand. Avenue Youth $10 2 miles gypsum in crystalline shapes and Tour Special access sizes. An ellyptical passage termi- $8 nates in the Snowball Room. Great 30 feet Adults $18 2 hr 15 min Exploring this geologic beauty by Onyx easy Youth $13 1 mile lantern light offers a shadowed back- Historic 300 feet Adults $14 2 hr This journey through the natural en- Seniors $9 drop for the multitudes of dripstone Lantern Tour moderate Youth $9 2 miles trance leads to "classic" Mammoth gypsum and helictite formations. Seniors $7.50 Cave landmarks visited by writers, Tour scientists, military figures and celeb- rities of the 1800s and early 1900s. Violet 160 feet Adults $18 3 hours A trip through classic Mammoth City strenuous Youth $13 3 miles Cave by lantern light. This visits nu- Wild 300 feet Adults $55 6 hr 30 min Journey with experienced guides Seniors $9 merous historic landmarks with a Cave very (must be 16 5 miles and a small adult group through Lantern good physical workout as well as years +) strenuous some of the starkly beautiful yet Tour nostalgic insights to the cave’s earli- Tour physically demanding “wild” areas of est tours. Must be over 6 years old. the cave. Sat/Sun only Only visitors age 16 and over may carry lanterns, no flashlights allowed. Sloan’s miles Open to all on 45 min Enjoy the rare surfaces of the park including sinkholes, cavernous lime- Crossing easy & Fridays & Satur- .4 miles Grand 280 feet Adults $26 4 hr 30 min This long, physically challenging days 6 pm stone rock, aquatic ecosystem above Pond Walk wheel- strenuous Youth $19 4 miles tour includes tough hill climbs and ground on accessible boardwalk. Avenue lots of geological variety. Great for chair Seniors $13 Tour those who are looking for a chal- accessible lenge or who have already experi- enced other shorter tours. Must be over 6 years old. Discovery 140 feet Adults $5 Youth 30 min Visit the Rotunda, one of the larg- Tour easy $3.50 minimum est rooms, explore vast passage- (Self- Seniors $2.50 0.75 miles ways and learn about 19th-century Gothic 140 feet Adults $12 2 hours This tour begins at the Visitor Center saltpeter mining operations and the Guided) Avenue moderate Youth $9 1 mile and enters the famous Historic en- geologic origins of Mammoth Cave Seniors $6 trance, as the ranger interprets areas on this self-guided tour. Available by Tour including the Rotunda, the Church, demand. Giant’s Coffin, and the TB Huts. Centered around Gothic Avenue, one Mammoth platform Adults $20 2 hours Elevator allows visitors with special of the most historically significant passageways of the cave. Cave easy Youth $14 .5 miles needs to see unique gypsum for- Accessible Special Access mations, cave writing and Snowball $10 Room and portions of Cleaveland Heritage easy, No Charge 45 mins This surface walk on the Heritage Tour Walk) mostly (not .75 miles Trail adjacent to the hotel tells the Ave. and Grand Ave. Tours stories of the old Mammoth Es- flat underground) tate, cultural landscape of 18-20th Frozen 40 feet Adults $13 1 hr 15 min Depart by bus and journey over the top centuries and stops at Old Guides Cemetery. Niagara easy Youth $9 0.25 miles of the cave to the Frozen Niagara En- Special access trance. This entrance created in 1924 Tour Note: Schedules and prices are subject to change based on demand, available staff and other $6.50 makes it possible to see this decora- factors involving the health and integrity of the caves. Please visit nps.gov/maca for more in- tive area of the cave. formation and an up-to-date schedule of offered tours and prices by season.
26 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | | MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 27 PRESERVATION THINGS TO DO
THINGS TO DO it runs at about five miles per hour. Mo- FISHING torized crafts are permitted in the park. Fishing in the Green and Nolin Rivers Canoes are available for rental outside is good throughout the year, with spring Regardless of the season, there is no On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, Mammoth. No personalized watercrafts and summer being most productive. limit to activities and programs available in join a naturalist on a free Let’s Go Birding are permitted. For rentals, call Big Buf- Black bass, crappie, bluegill, muskellunge Mammoth Cave and the surrounding area. walk. Spotted thus far in the park: 37 spe- falo Crossing Canoe: (270) 774-7883; and catfish, along with almost 100 other The following is a partial list of the various cies of warbler (11 of these actually nesting Green River Canoeing, Inc.: (866) 584-4156; species, frequent the river. You do not recreational activities, classes, programs in Mammoth), barred owl, horned owl, pile- Mammoth Cave Canoe and Kayak: need a state fishing license as long as you and tours offered in and around the park. ated woodpecker, scarlet tanager, sparrow (270) 773-3366; Cave Country Canoe: fish within park boundaries. In the park, and wild turkey. Besides more common (270) 773-5552. you can fish with pole and line, rod and SURFACE ACTIVITIES inhabitants such as the great blue heron, reel, or trot and throw line. Daily activities at Mammoth Cave Na- the red-tailed hawk, the spotted sandpiper CAMPING Other methods, including limb lines and tional Park include free coffee with a and the belted kingfisher, the park also There are three campgrounds in jug lines, are prohibited. If you use trot lines, Ranger, birding, porch talks on the cultural receives a number of rare visitors: the the park. Choose from Mammoth Cave you must attach a tag with your name and ad- history of Mammoth Cave, nature hikes, snow goose, the double-crested cormo- Campground, Houchin Ferry Camp- dress, place hooks 30 or more inches apart, evening events and much more. For current rant, bald eagle, osprey and snowy owl. ground, and Maple Springs Campground. tend your lines daily, and remove lines when information, call the park at (270) 758-2180, The birdwatching near Green River is See the “Camping” chapter for more in- you are not using them. It is important to fol- visit nps.gov/maca or find Mammoth Cave notable for its diversity. formation about pricing, reservations and low all of the park regulations at all times. National Park on Facebook. site size. Reservations can be made in ad- At First Creek Lake, using any live bait BOATING/CANOEING vanced for select campgrounds and sites. other than worms is prohibited. On the riv- BIKING Within the boundaries of Mammoth
Bikes are welcome on the Mammoth Cave Cave National Park, 25 miles of the Green NPS Railroad Bike and Hike Trail, Maple Springs River and six miles of the Nolin River carry Trail, White Oak Trail and the Big Hollow Trail. boaters past dramatic bluffs, scenic wood- Street bikes are allowed on all paved roads. lands and diverse wildlife. Boating from Mountain bikes are also allowed on certain Dennison Ferry launch area down the administrative roads including Licklog Road, Green River is a popular voyage. Great Onyx Road, Crystal Cave Road, Union The access at Dennison is steep and City Road, White Oak Road. These are gated therefore suitable for kayaks and canoes administrative roads. Vistors can park by the only. Dennison Ferry is the upstream gate and bike in, but cannot block the roads. launching point and is 7 miles (3-4 hours) Each is 1-2 miles one way and goes straight to Green Ferry. For a longer, overnight trip, in and back. Bicycles are available for rental at launch at Munfordville—located upstream the Caver’s Camp store. from the park boundary. Additionally, Friends of Mammoth Cave No launch fees are necessary in the will be hosting the annual Pedal for the Parks park, but riverside camping requires a in May. There will be three routes of varying free backcountry permit (Go in person to lengths (75 miles, 40 miles and 27 miles). the backcountry permit office, located in the Visitor Center ticket sales area, to BIRDWATCHING obtain your permit). Dotted with sand- Mammoth Cave National Park is home to bars, islands and subsurface springs, more than 200 species of birds, and has a the Green River averages 200 feet wide Even if you’ve already been on a tour, try a different one and explore a completely number of visitors on seasonal migrations. and 10 feet deep; at normal water levels, new section of the cave!
28 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | | MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 29 THINGS TO DO PRESERVATION
NPS Green River are open for horseback EXPLORING THE AREA riding. Day-use horseback riders can park trailers at Lincoln, Temple Hill and First Creek trailheads. When you are visiting Mammoth Cave Cave City offers lodging, dining, attractions A trail map is available in the National Park National Park, there are plenty of museums and much more. Rich with caves of its Service’s free brochure, while other maps and and attractions nearby. Learn more about own, the town is a great jumping off point guides sold at the visitor center show topo- the history and culture of the land. Enjoy for your adventures. graphic features and trails in greater detail. the beauty of nature throughout this area The Green River Ferry is open daily from of south central Kentucky. DINOSAUR WORLD 6 a.m. to 9:55 p.m. (except when closed Located in the heart of Cave City is one for repairs or during hazardous river condi- BARREN COUNTY of the biggest attractions in with the area: tions). Alternate routes via state and county AND GLASGOW Dinosaur World. Travel back in time and roads are available and may be more practi- Barren River Lake State Resort Park observe life-sized models of dinosaurs in cal for trailers. After exploring the subterranean wonders at Mammoth Cave National Park, spend RANGER ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMS time above ground at Barren River Lake Rangers deliver a wide variety of talks State Resort Park at Lucas, Kentucky
throughout the park. Longer surface activi- in southern Barren County. The Park’s World Dinosaur ties, offered in season, start from specified lodge and cottages offer easy access locations. Near Mammoth Cave Camp- to a 10,000-acre lake that hosts plenty ground, rangers give seasonal evening pro- of bass and crappie and boasts some of Biking is permitted on any road in Mammoth grams at the amphitheater. the most impressive sunsets in the state. Cave National Park. Parking near both locations can Boating and fishing are popular, as are ers you can use minnows or worms. Us- accommodate non-campers. A sched- camping, picnicking, horseback riding, ing bait seines in the park is prohibited. ule of ranger-led walk and sevening pro- birdwatching, biking and hiking. The park Because all park wildlife is protected, col- grams and a variety of activities for kids has an 18-hole golf course and sand lecting frogs, turtles, mussels or digging are available at the visitor center. For beach open to the public. for bait is strictly prohibited. Harvesting of more information on ranger-led tours, South Central Kentucky Cultural any mussels—endangered or otherwise— call (270) 758-2180. Center. Stop by the South Central or taking shells is strictly prohibited. Kentucky Cultural Center to take a trip SCENIC DRIVING back in time to learn about the people, HIKING Try Flint Ridge, Green River Ferry, places and events that encompasses In addition to the underground cave tours, Houchins Ferry, Joppa Ridge and Ugly the “Barrens” —a geographic area that there are nearly 84 miles of trails on the Creek roads for a spectacular tour of the includes the counties of Barren, Allen, north side. Hike here and you may not see park. The latter roads are not passable for Metcalfe, Hart and Monroe. This museum another living soul. Seek solitude in the rug- trailers or mobile homes. Drive slowly and is housed in the old Kentucky Pants factory ged hills and deep valleys, camp by river, keep your eyes open for wildlife. in downtown Glasgow. lake or waterfall, explore bluffs and ridge Ask for more information about scenic tops. See the “Walking & Hiking” chapter for driving at the visitor center to plan the CAVE CITY more detailed information. best route. Be aware that GPS and Google Located in Barren County, Cave City Maps are not totally reliable and some- is one of the gateway communities to HORSEBACK RIDING times takes drivers the long way to cer- Mammoth Cave National Park. Situated Dinosaur World is a fun attraction for kids of all Sixty miles of trails north of the tain destinations. near the southeastern entrance of the park, ages!
30 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | | MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 31 EXPLORING THE AREA a walkthrough park setting. Built to scale, PARK CITY these dinosaurs give you a realistic sense Park City is also in Barren County and of what it would be like to walk with the sits right outside the south entrance to extinct giants. While walking through, the Mammoth Cave National Park. Stop by dinosaurs are placed in live vegetation before you head to the Park to stock up on and some gathered in groups. With supplies and gasoline. some models reaching up to eighty feet, it’s an experience you and your family BELL’S TAVERN won’t soon forget! Park City is rich in history given its The park is open every day of the year proximity to the national park. During to except Christmas and Thanksgiving the Civil War Era, the town served Day. Admission costs $12.75 for adults as a major transportation hub for and $9.75 for children (plus tax). For more visitors and developed around the information, call (270) 773-4345 or visit historic Louisville & Nashville Railroad dinosaurworld.com that once covered over 6,000 miles and three states. CAVES IN THE AREA Bell’s Tavern, more than 150 years old, They don’t call it Cave City for nothing! served as a place for travelers to rest their Mammoth Cave isn’t the only place in heads while exploring the area. Travelers the area to get your geology fix. Visitors arrived on horseback or stagecoach. can check out and tour a variety of caves Today, travelers can see what in the area and enjoy the amazing history remains of Bell’s Tavern. The stone that comes along with it! structure is open to the public free of Some of the many caves in the area charge and is on the National Register include Cub Run Cave, Diamond Caverns, of Historic Places. Hidden River Cave, Lost River Cave, Mammoth Onyx Cave, Onyx Cave and HORSE CAVE Outlaw Cave. Each cave is different and Horse Cave, located in Hart County, is has its own unique features. located on the eastern side of the park off I-65. The town is home to a population of KENTUCKY ACTION PARK just over 2,000 and offers a small town feel Kentucky Action Park, at 3057 with plenty to do. Mammoth Cave Road, offers a variety of outdoor adventures and amusements. AMERICAN CAVE MUSEUM Jesse James Riding Stables, one of the The American Cave Museum offers oldest and largest stables in Kentucky, the geological history of the caves in the has gentle horses for riders of all ages and area as well as the people who helped to over 500 acres of trails. Canoeing, cave uncover some of their greatest mysteries. tours, an Alpine slide and zip line, bumper Located in Horse Cave, minutes away cars, a rockwall, a trampoline, even an from Mammoth Cave National Park, the old-time photo shop—here you can find museum is worth a trip. View exhibits them all! For more information, go to focusing on prehistoric cave explorers, kentuckyactionpark.com. modern cave exploration, mining, living
32 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | EXPLORING THE AREA EXPLORING THE AREA
park, please visit parks.ky.gov/parks/ Located in Horse Cave, the attraction is recreationparks/nolin-lake or call the open year-round. Tickets include admission park directly at (270) 286-4240. into both the Adventure Zoo and Mammoth Onyx Cave. Entry fees are: KENTUCKY DOWN UNDER adults, $25.95; seniors, military and kentuckytourism.com ADVENTURE ZOO students,$19.95; children ages four to 13, Tucked into the heart of the American $15.95; children three and under, free. South lies a slice of Australia. Skip the long Educational rates are also available. For more plane ride and head to Kentucky Down information, visit kentuckydownunder.com Under Adventure Zoo. The attraction gives or call (270) 786-1010. visitors the opportunity to experience all things down under: pet kangaroos, enter the bird garden, explore the Land of the “There is nothing so American as our Lories, take an Outback Walkabout and national parks... The fundamental idea much more. After exploring, stop in for behind the parks... is that the country lunch at the Outback Cafe. If you want to belongs to the people, that it is in bring home a memento, pick out a souvenir process of making for the enrichment of over at the gift shop. Do you happen to the lives of all of us.” have a sweet tooth? You’ll be sure to enjoy --President Franklin D. Roosevelt the Fudge Factory, which offers a variety OhRanger.com of delicious, homemade fudge!
Nolin Lake State Park is the perfect location to take the whole family and offers hiking, swimming, picnicking, camping and much more! in cave country, the story of Floyd Collins thrills of its own. Located in Edmonson and the history of Horse Cave and County, Nolin Lake State Park offers an PRESERVING OUR PAST. Mammoth Cave. abundance of recreational opportunities. PROTECTING OUR FUTURE. After exploring the museum, The park offers camping, hiking, visitors can also take a historic tour of the birdwatching, boating, fishing, picnicking nearby Hidden River Cave. On the tour, and swimming. visitors will see a subterranean river and The 5,795-acre Nolin Lake is actually cave geology. The best part, the tour is man-made and a popular location for included in the museum admission price! dropping a line. Try to reel in a bass, For more information on hours and ticket catfish, crappie or walleye. Boating and pricing, visit hiddenrivercave.com or call swimming are great summer activities for (270) 786-1466. The museum, operated the whole family. While you’re near the by the American Cave Conservation water, bring out your binoculars and try to Association, is located at 119 Main St., spot a Great Blue Heron or a bald eagle, Horse Cave, KY 42749. both of of these majestic species live in the park. If you want to stay a little longer, NOLIN LAKE STATE PARK reserve a campsite and sleep underneath Camp out just minutes away from the stars for a night or two. npca.org Mammoth Cave and explore a park with For more information about the
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NATURE & WILDLIFE crayfish, cannot complete their life cycle delivering energy, in the form of droppings, outside of caves; troglophiles, like cave eggs and carcasses, to other animals crickets, use caves for refuge; trogloxenes, in the cave. Mammoth Cave is home to a wide va- FAUNA such as phoebes like to live close by, but Troglobites, the group of cave animals riety of plant and animal life ranging from not in the caves. most highly adapted to cave life, can- rare exotic cave species to more com- THE SURFACE Although Mammoth Cave is not not survive outside caves. Many, includ- mon woodland creatures found in eastern The surface contains animals that are currently used by large numbers of ing eyeless fish and crayfish, illustrate deciduous forest environments. Mammoth typical of an eastern hardwood forest. bats, 12 species, including two that creative adaptations to thrive in their dark, Cave is home to 70 state listed endangered Larger mammals include bobcats, coyotes, are endangered, do live in the cave. By lightless cave environment. and threatened species. muskrats, white-tailed deer, fox, raccoon, consuming huge numbers of insects, bats With no need for camouflage or pro- Scientists have discovered a total of opossum, woodchuck, beaver, rabbit and work as a “natural insecticide,” controlling tection from the sun, many of these ani- more than 130 species that use the cave squirrel. Smaller mammals, such as bats, crop pests and insects that may spread dis- mals have no pigmentation and are white. during some part of their lives, in addition mice and chipmunks, also abound. ease. Little brown bats, one of the more Some have no eyes. Most have developed to 1,200 species of flowering plants on Many reptiles and amphibians find protec- common species in Mammoth Cave, can other highly sensitive sensory organs to the surface, hundreds of animal species, tion in the park, too. Copperheads and rat- eat about 600 mosquitoes in an hour. detect predators and prey. The Kentucky more than 80 types of fish, and over 50 tlesnakes are also common. Birds such as When you visit Mammoth Cave, you’re cave shrimp is an excellent example of an kinds of freshwater mussels. It truly is a mourning doves, whip-poor-wills, owls, far more likely to see crickets than bats. animal with these adaptations. Because unique ecosystem. bald eagles, hawks, woodpeckers and Crickets are troglophiles too. They spend food in caves is scarce, full-time cave warblers fly through Mammoth Cave’s for- much of their life in the cave but depend on dwellers tend to be smaller, with lower ests. Wild turkeys, reintroduced in 1983, are night-time forays on the surface to gather metabolism and longer life spans than now seen on a regular basis by park visitors. food. Crickets are extremely important in their surface dwelling counterparts.
Randen Peterson Randen THE RIVERS The Green River, which meanders through the park, supports an unusual di- versity of fish. The river supports a wide variety of freshwater mussels, that survive in the sand and gravel. Over 50 species of mussels, including seven on the endan- gered species list, call the park home. Mussels are filter-feeders that clean the river water and are crucial to its health. Aquatic animals in the river play an im- portant role in providing nourishment for other animals — in the cave, in the river and on land.
THE CAVES There are 130 species that use the cave on a regular basis within the Mam- moth Cave system. These species are di- The park supports a huge bird population, vided almost equally among three classes including brightly-colored woodpeckers. of cave dwellers: troglobites, like cave
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FLORA brella magnolia; dry limestone cedar oak CAMPING glades; and cliff margin stands of Virginia Park vegetation features mostly second pine on sandstone cliff margins. Mam- growth forests of various vintages, and moth Cave National Park is a great place There are few better ways to discover reserved. One open picnic shelter, $50 per small areas of old growth. Much of the for plant-lovers to come and explore the the pleasures and curiosities of the sunlit day, limited availability, and one enclosed park land was used for agricultural pur- vegetation! side of Mammoth Cave National Park than picnic shelter, $75 per day, available Sat- poses prior to park establishment. These Kentucky once had a vast area of grass- to camp among the trees or by the waters. urday and Sunday, March 1 through Me- areas are largely dominated by eastern land known as the “Barrens.” This was, There are three campgrounds located in morial Day; daily Memorial Day through red cedar and Virginia pine mixed with in part, a human-engineered ecosystem Mammoth Cave National Park that can ac- Labor Day; Saturday and Sunday, Labor deciduous trees along the outer margins. maintained through intentional burning commodate tents, RVs and even horses. Day through November 30. More mature upland sites are gener- by American Indians before European Mammoth Cave Campground, Houchin Please note that firewood from several ally oak hickory forest, and in moist hol- contact in an effort to attract deer and Ferry camping area and Maple Springs states is quarantined due to an insect infesta- lows, beech-maple-tulip poplar forests buffalo. Campground range in size from 7 to 109 tion that can devastate park flora. To prevent dominate. Although largely eliminated from the re- sites and offer a wide range of different infestation of trees in the park, transport of Along the Green and Nolin Rivers, gion because of agricultural practice and amenities. firewood into the park is prohibited populations of sycamore, silver poplar, fire suppression, small remnant stands of Campground reservations may be made river maple and box elder are found. native grasses still exist in certain areas in advance for Mammoth Cave Camp- BACKCOUNTRY CAMPING Special communities of limited distribu- of the park and consist of varieties of In- ground. Call the National Park Reservation Over a dozen campsites dot the 70 miles tion include upland swamps with pin oak, dian Grass, Big Bluestem, Little Bluestem Service at (877) 444-6777 or reserve on- of trails on the north side. Seek solitude in sweetgum and red maple; deep sand- and others genetically distinct from a va- line at recreation.gov. Drive-ins will be ac- the rugged hills and deep valleys, camp by stone hollows with hemlock and um- riety of their cousins in the Great Plains. commodated if space is available. river, lake or waterfall, and explore bluffs Camping fees range from $12 to and ridge tops. Ride horses along these $50. Discounts apply for visitors backcountry trails. Drive the scenic routes with Golden Age/Golden Access of Ugly Creek Ferry Road. See the visitor passport. Reservations are encouraged. center for information about obtaining a Picnic shelters are available and may be backcountry camping permit. U.S. Fish & Wildlife MAMMOTH CAVE CAMPGROUNDS
Campground FEE NUMBER OF SITES RESERVATIONS SITES RV HOOKUPSRV STATION DUMP GRILL & TABLES STORE CAMP SHOWERS (BUY TOKENS AT STORE) CAMP TOILETS:FLUSH TOILETS: CHEMICALS LAUNDRYCOIN WATER LARGE GROUPS CAMPINGGROUP Mammoth Cave $20 109 • • • • • • • • • • • Group/VIP $25/$50 Houchin Ferry $12 12 • • •
Maple Springs $25-$35 7 • • • • • • • Group/ Equestrian only
NOTE: Rates are subject to change. Tax and utility fees may apply. Northern long-eared bats are at home in Mammoth Cave.
38 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | | MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 39 PRESERVATION WALKING AND HIKING WALKING & HIKING PARK TRAILS - VISITOR CENTER AREA TRAIL BEGINS AT LENGTH The surface of Mammoth Cave Trail will take you to a beautiful overlook Sunset Point Trail Heritage Trail 0.3mi/0.5km National Park is best divided into three sec- and the Old Guides’ Cemetery. Both of Dixon Cave Trail Historic Entrance 0.4mi/0.6km tions: the north side, the south side and these trails are located near the visitor cen- White Cave Trail Mammoth Campground 0.6mi/1.0km the visitor center area. The north side is ter and provide nice hikes. Echo River Spring Trail Green River Ferry 1.0mi/1.6km the largest region and home to the park’s The trails near the visitor center are some backcountry trails. The south side and visi- of the best places to view the unusual karst Green River Bluffs Trail Visitor Center Picnic Area 1.3 mi/2.1 km tor center area feature shorter trails that topographical features indigenous to cave Heritage Trail Mammoth Cave Hotel 0.5 mi/0.8 km make good day hikes that also introduce country. These trails include: Green River Sinkhole Trail Heritage Trail 1.0mi/1.6km visitors to the park’s natural beauties. Bluff, Sinkhole, River Styx, Echo River River Styx Spring Trail Historic Entrance 0.4 mi/0.7 km Spring, and Dixon Cave. SOUTH SIDE TRAILS PARK TRAILS - NORTH SIDE AREA The Sand Cave Trail, just off the Cave NORTH SIDE TRAILS TRAIL BEGINS AT LENGTH City Road at the park boundary, is a short On the north edge of the park, you’ll Big Hollow Trail North Loop Big Hollow Trailhead 5.3 mi/8.6 km walk to the Sand Cave where unsuc- come to the Lincoln Trailhead. From Blair Springs Hollow Trail Collie Ridge Trail at Raymer Hollow 1.8 mi/2.9 km cessful efforts to rescue trapped caver here you can access the Collie Ridge Bluffs Trail Buffalo/Good Spring Junction 0.63 mi/1.01 km Floyd Collins in 1925 captured world- Trail, which cuts through the heart of the Buffalo Creek Trail Maple Springs Trailhead 4.4 mi/7 km wide attention. Sand Cave is a board- park’s backcountry. The trail is nearly walk. Off of the Mammoth Cave Parkway level over the entire course of its four- Collie Ridge Trail Lincoln Trailhead 3.8 mi/6.2 km (Kentucky 70), Sloan’s Crossing Trail, a mile length. Dry Prong Trail Bluffs Campsite 2.4 mi/3.9 km boardwalk, circles Sloan’s Crossing Pond In the remote western region of First Creek Trail Temple Hill Trailhead 6.3 mi/10.2 km atop a sandstone ridge. the park, Houchin Ferry Road rambles Maple Springs Trail Maple Springs Trailhead 1 mi/1.6 km The Turnhole Bend Nature Trail takes through the forest to First Creek Trail- Miles-Davis Cemetery Trail Good Spring or Raymer Hollow Trail 0.4 mi/0.6 km you to an overlook at Turnhole Bend blue head and Temple Hill Trailhead. Two Mill Branch Trail Temple Hill Trailhead 3.0 mi/4.8 km hole, the park’s largest spring at over 50- campsites along the river are an ideal feet deep. Sloan Crossing Pond Walk is a base camp for fishing the Nolin. Trails on Raymer Hollow Trail Maple Springs Trailhead 6.2 mi/9.9 km kid-friendly, ADA accessible trail on an el- the north side range in difficulty from rel- Sal Hollow Trail Maple Springs Trailhead 0.2mi/0.4km evated boardwalk around a lake. atively easy flats to challenging ascents Big Hollow Trail South Loop Big Hollow Trail North Loop 3.7mi/6.0km Mammoth Cave Railroad Trail is used by with steep grades. Each part of the park Turnhole Bend Trail Maple Springs Trailhead 1.8 mi/2.9 km both bikers and hikers. The trail follows an has something different to offer and be Wet Prong Trail Blair Spring Hollow Trail 4.6 mi/7.4 km old railroad corridor for 8.6 miles, but has sure to always pick a trail that is appropri- White Oak Trail Ugly Creek Road 2.47 mi/3.98 km many natural stopping points like Shackle- ate for you and your group. ford Cemetery. Use caution as sections are PARK TRAILS - SOUTH SIDE AREA steep and require road crossings. OUR READER TRAIL BEGINS AT LENGTH Cedar Sink Trail Cedar Sink Trailhead, Hwy. 422 1.0 mi/1.6 km VISITOR CENTER AREA TRAILS FEEDBACK Mammoth Cave Railroad From the visitor center picnic area, the Visitor Center 8.6mi/14.0km "Walking into Mammoth Cave Hike/Bike Trail Green River Bluffs Trail is an easy walk to felt like being on a journey to Sloan’s Crossing Pond Walk Sloan’s Crossing Pond Trailhead, Hwy. 70 0.4 mi/0.6 km some great views of the Green River and the center of the earth. It was its nearby environment. Designed espe- incredible!"- Audrey Moran Turnhole Bend Nature Trail Brownsville Road, Hwy. 70 0.5mi/0.9km cially for wheelchair access, the Heritage
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Energizing
Despite the incredible amount of work NPS adventure in partnership with performed by dedicated scientists, park the National Parks Conservation administrators and citizens since the Association. park’s establishment in 1941, Mammoth Cave’s unique biologic and geologic assets continue to face threats from a variety of sources. Air and groundwater pollution, in- vasive species and white-nosed syndrome are just a few of the many factors that GO AND CONQUER threaten this fragile ecosystem.
POLLUTION Degraded scenic vistas: The estimated SAVE 20% annual average natural visibility at Mam- PLUS EARN 1,000 WYNDHAM REWARDS moth Cave is 113 miles. Air pollution, how- ever, can reduce average visual range to BONUS POINTS WHEN YOU BOOK 2 NIGHTS* approximately 14 miles from June through AT TRAVELODGE.COM/GO August, making Mammoth Cave one of America’s haziest national parks. Ozone exposure: Mammoth Cave is effected by ozone-pollution. Scientists are beginning to investigate whether ozone ex- posure in the park causes injury to sensi- tive species such as milkweed, tulip poplar and sweet gum trees. They’ve installed air quality monitoring instrumentation to mea- sure ambient concentrations of ozone. Mercury deposition: The National Park Service and other agencies began in Groundwater tracing is one of the many ways 2002 to monitor mercury levels at Mam- that the Parks Service is tracking pollution and promoting preservation in the park. moth Cave. Scientists are particularly con- cerned about mercury’s impacts on the impairs visibility and poses significant risks to park’s seven endangered freshwater mus- human health. Monitoring in Mammoth Cave sel species. The Green and Nolin Rivers, National Park has shown high levels of par- The difference between a trip and an adventure? which flow through the park, are included ticulate pollution occur in the region. The can-do, can-conquer attitude that can only come from a good night’s sleep. in a statewide fish consumption advisory due to mercury contamination. POLLUTION SOLUTION Stay Close to Adventure.® Travelodge and Go. Fine particle pollution: Recent studies in- Although there is no such thing as an creasingly show that pollution in the form of easy solution to pollution, Mammoth Cave *Subject to availability at participating hotels. Wyndham Rewards members only. Book online by September 4, 2017 & complete the 2 night minimum stay by September 10, 2017. Sunday– Thursday arrivals only. Offer subject small particles, called fine particulate matter, National Park is making its best efforts to to change/cancellation at any time, as well as full terms at www.travelodge.com/go. Void where prohibited. 42 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS |
68274_LWP_F2_APN_Mag_MechR2.indd 1 3/29/17 6:18 AM PRESERVATION PRESERVATION
improve the quality of the air overhead. Moths and Asian Longhorn Beetles. been lost and others are close to extinction. from one cave to another, and so all par- The park was the first Department of the Visitors may see traps in the form of big This act requires agencies to take ticipants in Mammoth Cave National Park Interior site in the country to have a dedi- purple boxes that hang in trees across the measures to protect and restore habitat. cave tours are required to walk through cated E-85 ethanol fueling station. The park. Asian Clams do exist in the park, but Through education and restoration sudsy biosecurity mats to remove spores fueling station was purchased through there are no Zebra Mussels. programs, the park hopes to see a growth and dirt from their shoes after exiting the a grant in partnership with the Kentucky in the populations. Cave. We also ask for your cooperation by Corn Growers Association. The park has 16 GROUNDWATER washing your hands and changing clothes biofuel vehicles that use over 3,000 gallons Since large portions of the upper Green WHITE-NOSED SYNDROME SPECIES and footwear before visiting any other of E-85 ethanol. Mammoth Cave is the first River watershed and the groundwater ba- A disease called white-nose syndrome caves or mines. Southeast Region park to use biodiesel sins affecting Mammoth Cave National (WNS) is spreading through the eastern fuel, converting all 25 pieces of its diesel Park lay outside park boundaries, the United States and Canada, decimating bat WORLD HERITAGE SITE equipment to B-20 biodiesel blend in 2001. use of these areas greatly influence populations. Although this disease is not On October 27, 1981, Mammoth Cave Mammoth Cave concessioner Ortega water quality within the park. The known to affect humans, it has been as- National Park joined the ranks of renowned Parks plans to introduce more sustain- primary activities that affect the park’s wa- sociated with the death of millions of bats places like Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, able and local ingredients into the food ter quality include: disposal of domestic, since it was first identified in 2006. What Egypt’s Pyramids of Giza, Nepal’s Kathmandu service and increase environmental mea- municipal and industrial sewage, solid exactly is WNS? Valley and India’s Taj Mahal Historic Park. sures throughout concession operations. waste disposal, agricultural and forestry WNS is a cold-loving fungus that grows The United Nations Educational, Scien- Mammoth Cave National Park has also management practices, oil and gas explo- on bats’ bare skin (muzzles, wings, and tific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) significantly increased the use of recycled ration and production, urban land-use and tails) during their winter hibernation, when designated Mammoth Cave National Park lumber for park projects. recreational activities. A railroad and inter- their body temperatures and immune sys- state in the area contribute to pollution. tems are reduced. The fungus forms white EXOTIC SPECIES As a result, groundwater has been in- patches on these areas, giving rise to the Exotic species have a significant impact tensively studied for years. Groundwater name. It causes bats to awake from hi- on park forests. Chestnut Blight and Dutch dye tracing is used to determine the bernation and fly from the cave, exposing Elm Disease have virtually eliminated path of underground streams and define them to the elements and wasting energy American Chestnut and American Elm and groundwater basins. Baseline water qual- and fluids vital to their survival. To date, a similar fungal disease is currently affect- ity inventories have been performed, there is no known cure for the disease that ing the American Butternut tree. Invasive as well as investigations into the can be deployed effectively in the wild. exotic plant species such as honeysuckle, mechanisms of non-point contaminant Bats devour millions of insect pests – a garlic mustard, kudzu, Microstegium, wild transport and water quality. The park single big brown bat eats about 150 bee- rose, silver poplar and Ailanthus crowd out also operates several continuous-re- tles/moths/bugs per night. Their guano in- native species and spread with little com- cording digital water monitoring sites, side a cave is an energy source for animals petition. With over 1,000 species of flower- which yield data relative to physical and that never leave the cave. In the west, ing plants—including 84 tree species—the gross chemical characteristics. bats also play a role in pollination. Loss of potential for loss of biodiversity in Mam- bats could impact agriculture and the use moth Cave National Park is great. ENDANGERED SPECIES of pesticides on crops. American Elm is still found along the Mammoth Cave National Park is home to WNS was discovered in Mammoth Cave Green River. Chestnut stumps still sprout over 14 federally listed threatened and en- in 2011. In 2014 a decline of as much as 80% and the park is doing work with restoration. dangered species. These species include was discovered in species. The potential Young chestnut still succumb to the blight, bats, mussels, plants and the Kentucky exists for the loss of millions more bats and but park experts are hoping they will adapt. Cave Shrimp. The Federal Endangered Spe- perhaps even extinction for some species. The park is currently monitoring for cies Act of 1973 recognizes that many of Significant evidence indicates that hu- three bugs: Emerald Ash Borer, Gypsy our species across the United States have mans can and have transmitted the fungus
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CAVE DWELLERS
The cave crayfish which lives permanently in Mountain Gear underground water systems, lacks function- ing eyes and instead uses antenna and smell has the clothing, to help them function. In addition, because of gear and expertise the lack of exposure to light, its body is color- less and translucent. you need for The cave shrimp is a tiny crustacean that feeds on bacteria, protozoa and other minute your outdoor organisms that wash into cave streams. Both these federally listed threatened and adventures! endangered species, like all cave life, are vul- HIKING • CAMPING • CLIMBING nerable to degradation of water quality in its The Kentucky crawfish has no pigmentation. BACKPACKING • MOUNTAINEERING habitat that could wipe them out completely. Species that live in the cave on a full-time basis For these reasons, in 1990, the National Park (troglobites) have developed a variety of adap- Service and local communities constructed a tations to survive in this dark environment. regional sewage system. mountaingear.com 800.829.2009 as a World Heritage Site for its exceptional plants, and water sources. Dispose of White Clouds Wilderness, ID Jim Rueckel natural features and habitat for the many waste properly and use recyclable camp threatened and endangered species that supplies. live within the park borders. If you happen to see trash, place it OhRanger2017_4.75x3.375.indd 1 5/4/2017 3:33:43 PM in a garbage receptacle. There’s a real BIOSPHERE RESERVE satisfaction in knowing that you left an On September 26, 1990, Mammoth area in better shape than you found it. By Cave was officially designated an Interna- doing your part, you can help ensure that tional Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO. A the park will be beautiful and clean for all of www.kentuckytourism.com biosphere reserve is a unique category of the other visitors. safeguarded, natural environments desig- Don’t feed the animals. By simply not nated to protect the biological and cultural feeding the animals, you will protect their diversity of a region and sustain the eco- welfare. When wild animals cease to find nomic use of its natural resources. their own food, they cease to be part of the Each biosphere reserve represents a balance of nature. Feeding animals food specific ecosystem; a place for research, they are not used to can also cause them monitoring and education, and a place to become sick. where policy makers, scientists and locals Don’t touch the cave formations. can cooperate to manage land and water Please help keep the cave clean. Oil from resources to meet human needs. your hand hinders the continued growth of speleothems. WHAT YOU CAN DO Stay on established trails. By taking Pack out what you pack in. Trash is short cuts you may get lost, and you not only an eyesore, but a risk to animals, may damage vegetation and animal life.
46 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | | MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 47 PRESERVATION PRESERVATION
LEAVE NO TRACE an immeasurable contribution to HISTORY & CULTURE communities, organizations and individuals Leave No Trace is a national program throughout the country. that teaches people how to enjoy the Sign up with the park to volunteer and Indigenous peoples lived and hunted agriculture in the eastern United States. outdoors responsibly, and promotes and get involved with groups that get together in Kentucky between 2,000 and 5,000 These part-time residents ate a variety of inspires proper stewardship of America’s to rehabilitate ecosystems, improve hiking years ago in the Late Archaic Period native plants including hickory nuts, dan- public lands. Many land management trails where erosion and overuse are taking (3000 – 1000 B.C.). These early explorers delion, sunflowers, wild berries, lambs- agencies are cooperating partners in this a toll, or identify and remove exotic plants traveled miles within Mammoth Cave, us- quarters, and acorns. When they could, program. You can help minimize impacts that might encroach on the habitat of ing river cane torches to explore and col- they supplemented this plant-based diet to the natural resources and social ex- periences of other visitors by practicing native species. lect the minerals mirabilite, epsomite and with deer, turkey, raccoon, other small these seven principles. For more infor- Mammoth Cave welcomes both gypsum. How they used the minerals is mammals, mussels and fish. mation, please visit LNT.org. individuals and groups to participate in its still a matter of speculation, although it Exploration for minerals continued dur- Volunteers-in-Parks Program. Volunteering is hypothesized that they were valued for ing the Early Woodland Period (1000 • Plan ahead and prepare. is a rewarding experience that allows medicinal and/or ceremonial uses. – 200 B.C.), but for reasons not yet • Travel and camp on durable surfaces. • Dispose of waste properly. individuals to give back to the park and help In addition to mining, American Indians understood, ceased soon afterward. Ac- • Leave what you find. preserve it for future generations to enjoy. lived in rock shelters or large cave en- cording to legend, about 2,000 years • Minimize campfire impacts. trances during parts of the year. Dry con- later, in 1797, a hunter named Houchin • Respect wildlife. ditions in the cave have preserved vast rediscovered the cave while chasing • Be considerate of other visitors. quantities of artifacts, including some a bear. Frontiersmen quickly realized
Consider applying these principles dur- of the earliest evidence of organized that Mammoth Cave contained saltpeter ing your travels. We always need your Joe Shlabotnik (used in making gunpowder), and dur- help in preserving our shared lands for ing the War of 1812, Charles Wilkens future generations. It is the most impor- and Hyman Gratz established a com- tant thing you can do for the places you mercial saltpeter leaching factory there. love. Make the commitment to Leave No Vats and wooden pipes that were used Trace today. You can make a difference. in the operation are still visible today just inside the mouth of Mammoth Cave. Take the Historic Tour or the Violet City Additionally, staying on the trails will help Lantern Tour, Mammoth Passage Tour, you stop erosion around the trail areas and Star Chamber Tour, Discovery Tour to see reduce trail widening. these artifacts. Camping. You can help protect Beginning in 1816, the public be- Mammoth Cave National Park by gan to appreciate the geologic, cultural practicing minimum-impact camping and and biological importance of Mammoth Leave No Trace principles. Obey park Cave. Capitalizing on this interest, Frank- regulations and camp only in designated lin Gorin, the owner at the time, initiated camping areas. Help protect the forests tours. from invasive pests. Only use dead or In 1838, a new owner—Dr. John downed wood from inside the park or Croghan—extensively developed and ex- purchase wood from the Caver’s Camp plored the cave, exploiting it commercially Store located at the Service Center. as one of the great wonders of the world. Get involved in groups. Volunteering He built roads, and a large hotel to lodge To preserve the cave’s delicate ecosystem, stay Stephen Bishop was one of the early cave is an American tradition that has made on maintained trails and manmade pathways. explorers in the area. tourists.
48 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | | MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 49 HISTORY & CULTURE HISTORY & CULTURE
NPS THE BIZARRE AND TRAGIC TALE OF FLOYD COLLINS
Floyd knew the peril of losing light in a cave, so he reluctantly began his return
Dave Riggs journey. But as he returned through the tight crawl, his foot dislodged a 27-pound rock which wedged his ankle, and in his awkward position, he could not remove it. He was trapped in a stone straight-jacket. Relatives noticed that he was missing, and a quick check in Sand Cave confirmed the worst. Rescuers came in search of him, and for the over two weeks the rescu- ers attempted by various means to extract him. Engineers and geologists were called in, and when more conventional means failed, miners began digging a shaft to reach him. In the meantime, the story became too big for Cave City; people began to arrive (Floyd Collins sidebar) The renowned explorer The Mammoth Cave Baptist Church is one of the historic buildings that still remains in from all parts of the country. A “carnival at- Mammoth Cave National Park today. met his end in Sand Cave. mosphere” took hold at the mouth of Sand Dr. Croghan also established an under- included the well-known Bransford Family In 1925, Floyd Collins, today thought of Cave, and hawkers appeared, selling food, ground tuberculosis hospital in the cave. and that tradition continues to this day. as one of the world’s premier cavers, met drink and souvenirs. Thousands of sightse- He believed that the stable temperature Mammoth Cave was authorized as a a tragic and bizarre end in Sand Cave. He ers descended on Cave City, and the state and humidity and apparent dryness would national park in 1926 and was fully es- knew of a small cave called Sand Cave, was forced to dispatch troops. have a curative effect on patients. Vol- tablished in 1941. At that time, just 40 little explored, and situated along the road But all rescue attempts would prove unteer patients lived in the cave in small miles of cave passageway had been before many of the other show caves. useless. On the eighteenth day after stone structures with canvas roofs. The mapped. As surveying techniques im- He determined to explore the Sand Cave, his entrapment, Floyd Collins was pro- experiment was a failure. Within a few proved, great strides were made in and struck an agreement with the cave’s nounced dead of exposure, and the cave months, a few of the invalids died and describing and understanding the over- owner, B. Doyel, to share one half of the was sealed. Only months later would many others left the cave. Ironically, Dr. whelming extent of the cave system. profits if the cave proved worthy of show. his body be removed for burial closer to Croghan died six years after the experi- Several caves in the park were shown Floyd entered the cave with a single home. Eventually, his body was exhumed ment— a victim of tuberculosis. To view to be connected, and today, the cave kerosene lantern, and shortly found that and toured the country. His body was the structures where the patients lived, system is known to extend well beyond the cave offered challenges. He found eventually returned to Crystal Cave which take the Star Chamber Tour. the national park boundary. The park was himself squeezing through tight passage- his family owned. Cavers from around the Stephen Bishop was one of the early named a World Heritage Site in 1981 ways–at one point so tight that he had world came to pay their respects to him cave explorers in the area. Before his and became the core area of an Interna- to inch through on his stomach, with one for many years. death at the age of 36, Bishop achieved tional Biosphere Reserve in 1990. With arm stretched out ahead of him, pushing NPS absorbed Crystal Cave and closed worldwide fame for his discoveries and its nearly 53,000 surface acres and un- his lantern, and the other arm at his side. it to the public. In 1989, Collins was bur- knowledge of the cave, as well as for his derlying cave ecosystem, Mammoth Beyond this crawl, the cave began to open ied in Mammoth Cave Baptist Church wit and charm. Bishop had begun a tradi- Cave National Park is recognized as an up, but his lantern began to flicker. Cemetery on Flint Ridge. tion of excellence among cave guides that international treasure.
50 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | | MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS 51 PRESERVATION PHOTOGRAPHY
The ecosystems of America’s national behavior so that you can be prepared for and state parks and public lands are among what it will do next. the most diverse on the planet—from the • The eyes have it. Capturing your subject’s wetlands of the Everglades to the tem- eyes will lead the viewer into the picture perate rain forests of Olympic National and make your image more impactful. Park and the deserts of Death Valley to Always keep the eyes in focus and try to the mountains of Yellowstone and Grand place them in the power points (the inter- Tetons. For both aspiring and experienced section of rule of third guidelines). photographers, the goal of any trip to a na- • Keep a safe distance. You’ll want to keep tional park is to capture its endemic wildlife. a minimum of 25 yards between you and Taking photographs of animals presents a your subject and more than 75 yards for unique set of challenges. Landscapes cooper- larger predators. That means that you’ll ate; wildlife does not. Not only are animals need a big telephoto lens if you want to get likely to react to a photographer’s presence, up close and personal. but they are also driven by their own instincts • Shoot in burst mode. Instead of taking a and behavior, which can make capturing them single frame, increase the probability that difficult. The tips below will help you com- you’ll capture the behavior, head position or pose better wildlife images of all creatures angle by capturing multiple frames. great and small—from the bison to the tiniest • Be prepared. Wildlife, and particularly hummingbird and everything in between. birds, move quickly and without provoca- • Use a tripod. If you are using a large tele- tion. Practice your panning skills to better photo lens, consider investing in a gimbal catch birds when they alight. head, which will make it easier to track your • Timing is everything. The best time to subject. photograph wildlife is during the golden • Know your subject. Before you take out hours—at dusk and dawn—when the light your camera, understand your subject’s is soft and less likely to cast harsh shadows across your subject’s face. • Keep it simple. The easiest way to draw attention to your subject is to use a simple background. Use a shallow depth of field to blur any distracting backgrounds. JPecha/iStock • Aim for the action. Make your image more compelling by capturing your sub- ject exhibiting its natural behavior—fly- ing, hunting, eating or caring for young. The best way to take better photographs is to practice, and you don’t need to go far. Buy a bird feeder and build a studio in your backyard, where you’ll be able to create Don’t miss your shot! Be aware of your surroundings. your own version of A Star(ling) is Born.
52 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | PRESERVATION JUST FOR KIDS Dear Adventure, You occupy my every thought. I don’t know how much longer I can go without seeing Mammoth Cave National Park is dad on this daily tour good for all ages. you. I was at the water cooler today, the perfect place to bring the kids for This brief and easy-to-navigate visit talking to Herb in accounting. He was great outdoor activities and educational passes through the most heavily deco- droning on about his wife’s Etsy store. Side opportunities. Are you between 6 and rated part of Mammoth Cave.The tour hustle he calls it. I couldn’t take it. I filled 13? If so, do you want to learn all you can includes a 15 minute bus ride and lasts up my cup and dumped a glass of water about Mammoth Cave National Park? one hour and 15 minutes. You’ll be on my head just to feel something. amazed by this fairyland of formations. BECOME A JUNIOR RANGER No age restrictions but there are stairs. Young people ages 6 to 13 years old are See the “Caves” chapter of the guide for I know we are not supposed to see each eligible to become Junior Rangers. The Ju- more information on this tour. other again until next month, but I may just nior Ranger packet is available at the book drive up and see you this weekend. Is that sales area in the visitor center for free. CHECK OUT THE JUNIOR crazy? Pick yours up and start rangering! Follow a RANGER NATURE TRACK ranger on guided activities and record your Participate in activities designed for kids Yeah, it’s crazy. But life’s too short to own discoveries in the free booklet and that teach them about Mammoth Cave Na- spend another weekend inside. You’re the complete it to become a Junior Ranger. tional Park. Rangers will educate children antithesis of Netflix and Chill. The antidote on the park’s plants, animals, cave forming to my smartphone addiction. The reason I INTRODUCTION TO CAVING TOUR process and delicate balance of the eco- get out of bed in the morning. Frozen Niagara Tour: Bring mom and system. Only offered on weekends. What I’m saying is: I love you, Adventure. NPS See you this weekend.
Megan
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We Love Adventure Chat with us: 1-855-325-7773 Don’t miss taking one of Mammoth Cave’s many tours. Family friendly tours include Domes and Dripstones and the Frozen Niagara Tour. Enter the giveaway at WeLoveAdventure.com 54 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | We’ll choose a new winner every week from June 1- August 10th. PRESERVATIONIF YOU ONLY HAVE A DAY
The compact nature of Mammoth Cave a variety of dishes to choose from. Over National Park means you can pack a lot lunch discuss with your party how you’d into just one day. Start the day with a like to spend the afternoon. The park guided tour of the world’s longest cave. offers a number of quick and unforget- Please choose a tour that is appropriate table surface activities that many visitors for your entire group. overlook. The tours vary in length, but most are You have lots of options that everyone around two hours. Depending on the will be sure to enjoy: rent a canoe and ex- tour, you’ll get an entertaining and edu- plore the river on your own; look for wild- cational crash course in cave geology, life on a scenic drive through some of history or wildlife. Check the “Caves” the park’s wildest areas; or participate in Chapter to see a breakdown of the tours one of the many ranger-led activities and including difficulty, cost, distance and learn more about the park. description. Before you leave, check out the gift When you emerge from the cave you’ll shops located in Mammoth Cave Hotel most likely be hungry. Head to Mam- and take a souvenir home to remember moth Cave Hotel’s Travertine Restaurant the trip. A day in Mammoth Cave is a day near the visitor center where you’ll find you won’t soon forget. kentuckytourism.com
WSD-F20
*1 Original Casio criteri *2 •Drop: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 516.7 Procedure IV. •Random Vibration: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 514.7 Procedure I. •Humidity: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 507.6 Procedure II. •Solar-Radiation: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 505.6 Procedure II. •Non-Operating Altitude: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 500.6 Procedure I. •Operating Altitude: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method500.6ProcedureII. •Non-Operating High Temperature: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 501.6 Procedure I •Non-Operating Low Temperature: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 502.6 Procedure I. •Temperature Shock: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 503.6 Procedure I-C. •Icing Freezing Rain: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 521.4 Procedure I. (The performance of this instrument has been confirmed under various test environments, but its operation in actual use is not guaranteed for every environment. Freedom from breakage or failure can also not be guaranteed.) •This product conforms to the JIS C 61000-3-2 harmonic electrical current standard. •This product is in conformity with or certified to the Radio Law, Telecommunications Business Law and VCCI. •The screen design shown is correct at the time of development. Actual design may vary. •The final specifications may differ from those shown. *Bluetooth® and Bluetooth SIG are registered trademarks. *Wi-Fi are Wi-Fi Alliance registered trademarks. *Android, Android Wear and other terms are trademarks of Google Inc. *Other service and product names are, in general, trademarks or registered trademarks of the companies concerned.
Don’t visit the park without taking one of the many tours Mammoth Cave has to offer. protrek.casio.com
56 MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARKS | B:5.875" T:5.375" S:4.75"
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