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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800:521-0600 THE DEGREE OF CONGRUENCE BETWEEN THOUGHT AND ACTION OF MALE COACHES OF GIRLS' INTERSCHOLASTIC TRACK AND FIELD DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David Michael Kahan, B.S., M.Ed. The Ohio State University 1995 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Daryl Siedentop Deborah Tannehill Donna Pastore dviser School of Health, Physical Education & Recreation UMI Number: 9612206 UMI Microform 9612206 Copyright 1996# by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17# United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor# MI 48103 THE DEGREE OF CONGRUENCE BETWEEN THOUGHT AND ACTION OF MALE COACHES OF GIRLS’ INTERSCHOLASTIC TRACK AND FIELD DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David Michael Kahan, B.S., M.Ed. The Ohio State University 1995 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Daryl Siedentop Deborah Tannehill Donna Pastore Adviser School of Health, Physical Education & Recreation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to my committee each of whom contributed uniquely and significantly to this endeavor--to my adviser Dr. Daryl Siedentop whose uncanny knack of saying so much in so few words guided my thoughts throughout the research process; to Dr. Deborah Tannehill whose professionalism, structure, and empathy kept me in the race when my pace lagged; and to Dr. Donna Pastore whose collaboration on and supervision of an independent study and related coursework set the stage for this study. Many thanks to Paula Stebbins who transcribed many hours of audiotapes and to Nancy Knop, who as an assistant embraced the research as if it were her own. A special acknowledgment to Ron and Jon for allowing me to share their coaching lives so intimately. Finally, without my family and their support, none of this would have ever been realized. To my parents for their unwavering support and guidance from far away and the value of education they instilled in me. To my siblings, Lisa and Yehoshua, for the high standards they set before me that have always inspired me. To Loren and Marilyn for their solidarity, empathy, and paper-trail assistance. And to my wife, Amy, who entered into a partnership that has stood the difficulties of graduate school life and who I now will begin to pay back with interest. ii VITA September 21,1967 .............................. Born-Los Angeles, California 199 0..................................................... B.S. University of California at Los Angeles 199 1..................................................... M.Ed. University of California at Los Angeles PUBLICATIONS Kahan, D. (1995). Coaching females in a coeducational setting: suggestions for aligning beliefs and practices. Scholastic Coach. 64 (10), 100-101. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Health, Physical Education and Recreation Studies in Teacher Education, Professor Daryl Siedentop Studies in Exercise Physiology, Professor Tim Kirby iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................................................ii VITA..................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES..............................................................................viii CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 1 Statement of Problem ................................................................3 Purpose of the Study ................................................................. 6 Research Questions................................................................... 7 Significance of the Study ........................................................ 8 Delimitations of the Study ..................................................... 9 Definition of Terms ..................................................................11 II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE..................................... 13 Gender Issues in Coaching Research ...................................... 13 Documentation and explanation of the declining numbers of female coaches of girls' sport teams ...............13 Differences between male and female coaches of girls' teams and characteristics of male coaches of girls' teams. 19 Expectancy Research...............................................................26 Classroom ........................................................................ 26 Physical Education ............................................................. 30 Sport ................................................................................ 33 Ecological Research .................................................................40 Classroom ........................................................................ 40 Physical Education ............................................................. 43 Sport ................................................................................ 45 iv III. METHODOLOGY.................................................................... 49 Overview of Theoretical Framework ................................... 49 Qualitative Method ............................................................ 51 Sampling ........................................................................ 51 Subjects.............................................................................52 Settings .............................................................................55 Entree ............................................................................. 57 About the Researchers................................................... 59 Data Collection .....................................................................60 Observation .................................................................. 60 Interview ......................................................... ............ 62 Document Analysis....................................................... 64 Data Analysis .................................. 65 Early Analysis ............................................................... 65 Later Analysis ............................................................... 68 Trustworthiness............................................................... 71 Transferability .................................................................. 74 IV. FINDINGS............................................................................ 75 CASE 1-RON...................................................................... 75 Question 1 .......................................................................75 question 1.1.................................................................75 question 1.2 ................................................................ 78 question 1.3 ................................................................ 82 question 1.4 ................................................................ 85 Question 2 ......................................................................91 Ron the instructor ..................................................... 93 Ron as organizer, Ron as planner .............................97 Ron as psychologist ...................................................99 Ron as wit, storyteller, and sidebar participant 103 Question 3 ........................................... 108 question 3.1 ........................................................... 109 managerial domain .......................................... 109 instructional domain .......................................... 117 psycho-sodal domain ......................................... 131 question 3.2 ...............................................................140 experiential variables........................................ 140 contextual variables .......................................... 143 theme 1-the schism between distance and sprint squads .................................................. 145