DOCSLIB.ORG

Programa Integrado De Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Tro|Dical E Recursos Naturais - PIPG BTRN

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Programa Integrado De Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Tro|Dical E Recursos Naturais - PIPG BTRN v'.- • •' ■:\S* '• Instituto Náiiihaí de Pesquisás da Amazônia - INRA Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM Programa Integrado de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Tro|dical e Recursos Naturais - PIPG BTRN a ^^®®qü/sas da TAXONOMIA E BIONOMIA DE IMATUROS DE MEGALOPTERA (INSECTA) NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL. BRASIL CARLOS AUGUSTO SILVA DE AZEVEDO Manaus - ÁM 2003 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS - UFAM INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA - INPA TAXONOMIA E BIONOMIA DE IMATUROS DE MEGALOPTERA (INSECTA) NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL,BRASIL CARLOS AUGUSTO SILVA DE AZEVEDO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Tropical e Recursos Naturais do convênio INPA/UFAM, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Mestre em CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS, área de concentração em ENTOMOLOGIA. T 595 AqqU MANAUS - AM py 2 2003 11 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS - UFAM INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA - INPA BlBLlSltW TAXONOMIA E BIONOMIA DE IMATUROS DE MEGALOPTERA (INSECTA) NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL,BRASIL ORIENTADORA: Dra. NEUSA HAMADA Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Tropical e Recursos Naturais do convênio INPA/UFAM, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Mestre em CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS, área de concentração em ENTOMOLOGIA. MANAUS -AM 2003 111 Azevêdo, Carlos Augusto Silva de. Taxonomia e Bionomia de Imaturos de Megaloptera (Insecta) na Amazônia Central, Brasil/ Carlos Augusto Silva de Azevêdo - Manaus: INPA/UFAM, 2003. p.l83 Dissertação de Mestrado 1. Insetos aquáticos 2. Megaloptera 3. Bionomia 4. Taxonomia 5. Amazônia Central. CDD 19 ed. 595.742 Sinopse: Megaloptera (Insecta) foi estudada nos municípios de Manaus (Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke) e Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brasil, no período de janeiro a novembro de 2002. As larvas das espécies/morfótipos de Megaloptera foram descritas. Chaves de identificação para posturas e ovos, no nível de gênero e para larvas, no nível de espécie/morfótipo foram apresentadas. Bionomia de larvas, pupas e adultos e associações com fatores ambientais, físicos e físico-químicos, foram estudados. Três gêneros {Corydalus, Chloronia e Protosialis), cinco espécies e dois morfótipos foram coletados nos dois municípios amostrados. É citada pela primeira vez a espécie Corydalus ignotus Contreras-Ramos no Brasil. Palavras chave: I. Insetos aquáticos, 2. Megaloptera, 3. Bionomia, 4. Taxonomia, 5. Amazônia Central. IV DEDICATÓMA minha mãe Maria da Vitória, pelo amor dedicação; aos meus irmãos, sobrinhos e amigos pelo apoio, carinho e amizade demonstrados durante minha ausência. AGRADECIMENTOS À Dra. Neusa Hamada, pela determinação, orientação e incentivo para a realização deste trabalho. Ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) à Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) e CNPq pelos recursos necessários para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho e pela bolsa de Mestrado do Projeto: Insetos Aquáticos na Amazônia Central (N° 479258/2001-5). À Coordenação de Curso de Entomologia-CPEN pelo apoio prestado durante o desenvolvimento desse trabalho. À Universidade Estadual do Maranhão e Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias (UEMA/CESC) pela minha liberação da Instituição tomando possível a realização desta nova etapa de trabalho. Aos professores Aluísio Albuquerque, Paulo Afonso Amorim e Adelaide Nascimento por todo apoio e incentivo nos momentos difíceis. À Valeria Cristina, Francisco Limeira e Elmary Fraga, pela amizade, incentivo e convivência durante todos estes anos. Com amor, respeito e carinho à minha mãe Vitória, aos irmãos Teodomiro, Islan, Arnaldo, Nelzi e Gorette e, aos sobrinhos pelas alegrias e tristezas durante a minha ausência. Aos meus colegas de turma, em especial a Ivoneí Albuquerque, Luís Henrique, Marcelo Creão e Ronildo Baiatone, pelas boas horas de convivências e brincadeiras para aliviar o stress. Aos colegas de laboratório, pelos bons momentos que passamos juntos, Arlindo, Mirian Alvan Aguilar, Eleny Pereira, Domingos Leonardo, Jefferson O. Silva, Teiamar Bobot, Priscilla Tregue,Ulysses Barbosa, Aline e Rose. VI À Ana Maria Oliveira Pes por sua ajuda e sugestões durante as análises estatísticas. Aos Drs. Ruth Leila pelo apoio, carinho e amizade recebido durante o curso e Wanderly PedroTadei pelas sugestões durante a fase final desse trabalho. À Sheyla R.M. Couceiro pela paciência e ensinamentos sobre informática e, diagramação das figuras presentes neste trabalho e, à Deyse Cristina Q. da Silva pela confecção dos desenhos. Aos Drs. Suely de Sousa Costa e Paulo de Marco Júnior, pelo auxílio nas análises estatísticas e pelos ensinamentos. Às Dras. Rosaly Ale-Rocha e Nair Otaviano Aguiar pelas sugestões apresentadas no plano de dissertação. Ao Dr. Philip M. Feamside pela revisão do abstract. A todos os amigos e amigas que direta e indiretamente contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. vil ÍNDICE Título Página Ficha técnica üi Dedicatória iv Agradecimentos v Lista de Tabelas ix Lista de Figuras xii Lista de Anexos xix Resumo xxi Abstract xxii Introdução Geral 1 Justificativa 4 Objetivos 5 Áreas de estudo 6 Capítulo I Taxonomia e Bionomia de Imaturos de Megaloptera (Insecta) na Amazônia Central, Brasil 12 Introdução 12 Objetivo 12 Material e Métodos 18 Resultados e Discussão 20 Vlll Taxonomia 30 Chaves para identificação de Megaloptera (Insecta) coletados na Amazônia Central, Brasil 32 Descrição de larvas de ultimo estágio de espécies de Megaloptera (Insecta) coletados na Amazônia Central, Brasil 36 Bionomia 82 Conclusões 97 Capítulo II Riqueza de Megaloptera e relação de espécies com alguns parâmetros ambientais, físicos e físico-químicos nos municípios de Presidente Figueiredo e Manaus, Amazônia Central, Brasil 98 Introdução 98 Objetivos 101 Material e Métodos 102 Resultados 106 Discussão 131 Conclusões 136 Referências Bibliográficas 151 IX LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela Página 1. Número de espécies de Megaloptera (Insecta) na região Neotropical, no Brasil e no Amazonas 13 2. Espécies de Megaloptera (Insecta) registradas no Brasil e distribuição por estados 14 3. Espécies de Megaloptera (Insecta) coletados no estágio adulto, em diferentes tipos de armadilhas e procedimentos, nos municípios de Presidente Figueiredo e Manaus (Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke), Amazônia Central, Brasil 31 4. Tamanho da postura e ovos de Megaloptera (Insecta) coletados nos municípios de Presidente Figueiredo e Manaus (Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke), Amazônia Central, Brasil 84 5. Médias obtidas em laboratório (em dias) do período de atividade da larva, pré-pupa, pupa e adulto de exemplares coletados nos municípios de Presidente Figueiredo e Manaus (Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke), Amazônia Central, Brasil 88 6. Espécies de Megaloptera (Insecta), número total (N) e porcentagem (%) de exemplares coletados no estágio larval em cursos d"água nos municípios de Presidente Figueiredo e Manaus (Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke), no período de abril a novembro de 2002..107 7. Número médio das larvas de espécies de Megaloptera (Insecta) coletadas nas bacias leste e oeste, em Manaus na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, no período de abril a junho de 2002. Comparação de médias por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney 110 8. Número médio de larvas das espécies de Megaloptera (Insecta) coletadas em áreas de remanso e correnteza, em Manaus na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, no período de abril a junho de 2002. Comparação das médias por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney ....110 X 9. Número médio de larvas de espécies de Megaloptera, coletadas em áreas de correnteza remanso, no município de Presidente Figueiredo, no período de setembro a novembro de 2002. Comparação por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney 112 10. Resultado de correlação das variáveis ambientais, físicas, físico-químicas e espécies de Megaloptera nos quatro primeiros eixos de ordenação da Análise de Componentes Principais, nos igarapés coletados no município de Presidente Figueiredo, Amazônia Central 118 11. Matriz de correlação entre os fatores físicos, físico-químicos e espécies, através da Análise de Componentes Principais, no município de Presidente Figueiredo, no período de setembro a novembro de 2002 119 12. Resultado da análise de correlação das variáveis ambientais físicas, físico-químicas e das espécies de Megaloptera coletadas nos igarapés do município de Manaus (Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke), Amazônia Central, Brasil. Cinco primeiros eixos de ordenação da Análise de Componentes Principal 124 13. Matriz de correlação entre os fatores físicos, físico-químicos e espécies, através da análise de Componentes Principais, no município de Manaus (Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke), no período de abril a junho de 2002 125 14. Abundância de larvas de Megaloptera, nos substratos disponíveis (tronco, raiz, folhas e pedra), no município de Presidente Figueiredo, no período de setembro a novembro de 2002 126 15. Abundância de larvas das espécies de Megaloptera, nos substratos disponíveis (tronco, raiz, folhas), no município de Manaus (Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke), Amazonas, no período de abril a junho de 2002 128 XI 16. Número médio de larvas de espécies de Megaloptera (Insecta), coletadas nos substratos disponíveis, no município de Presidente Figueiredo, Amazônia Central, no período de setembro a novembro de 2002 130 17. Número médio de larvas de espécies de Megaloptera (Insecta), coletadas nos substratos disponíveis, no município de Manaus (Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke), Amazônia Central, no período de abril a junho 2002 130 > # Xll LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura Página 1. Mapa geral das áreas de estudo,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Fishfly Species (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) from Eocene Baltic Amber
    Palaeoentomology 003 (2): 188–195 ISSN 2624-2826 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pe/ PALAEOENTOMOLOGY Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 2624-2834 (online edition) PE https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.2.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:20A34D9A-DC69-453E-9662-0A8FAFA25677 A new fishfly species (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) from Eocene Baltic amber XINGYUE LIU1, * & JÖRG ANSORGE2 1College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-0659 2Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahnstraße 17a, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-6893 *Corresponding author. �[email protected] Abstract and Sialidae (alderflies). Species of Megaloptera have worldwide distribution, but most of them occur mainly in The fossil record of Megaloptera (Insecta: Holometabola: subtropical and warm temperate regions, e.g., the Oriental, Neuropterida) is very limited. Both megalopteran families, i.e., Corydalidae and Sialidae, have been found in the Eocene Neotropical, and Australian Regions (Yang & Liu, 2010; Baltic amber, comprising two named species in one genus Liu et al., 2012, 2015a). The phylogeny and biogeography of Corydalidae (Chauliodinae) and four named species in of extant Megaloptera have been intensively studied in two genera of Sialidae. Here we report a new species of Liu et al. (2012, 2015a, b, 2016) and Contreras-Ramos Chauliodinae from the Baltic amber, namely Nigronia (2011). prussia sp. nov.. The new species possesses a spotted hind Compared with the other two orders of Neuropterida wing with broad band-like marking, a well-developed stem (Raphidioptera and Neuroptera), the fossil record of of hind wing MA subdistally with a short crossvein to MP, a Megaloptera is considerably scarce.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Calibrations for the Arthropod Tree of Life
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/044859; this version posted June 10, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. FOSSIL CALIBRATIONS FOR THE ARTHROPOD TREE OF LIFE AUTHORS Joanna M. Wolfe1*, Allison C. Daley2,3, David A. Legg3, Gregory D. Edgecombe4 1 Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 2 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK 3 Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PZ, UK 4 Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Fossil age data and molecular sequences are increasingly combined to establish a timescale for the Tree of Life. Arthropods, as the most species-rich and morphologically disparate animal phylum, have received substantial attention, particularly with regard to questions such as the timing of habitat shifts (e.g. terrestrialisation), genome evolution (e.g. gene family duplication and functional evolution), origins of novel characters and behaviours (e.g. wings and flight, venom, silk), biogeography, rate of diversification (e.g. Cambrian explosion, insect coevolution with angiosperms, evolution of crab body plans), and the evolution of arthropod microbiomes. We present herein a series of rigorously vetted calibration fossils for arthropod evolutionary history, taking into account recently published guidelines for best practice in fossil calibration.
    [Show full text]
  • New Distribution Records of Fishflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) for Kentucky, U.S.A.1
    40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Volume 117, Number 1, January and February 2006 41 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS OF FISHFLIES The authors are deeply indebted to Professors J. H. Martin and R. L. Blackman for providing a (MEGALOPTERA: CORYDALIDAE) visiting position to the first author. Professor Blackman also helped examine the specimens. Miss 1 Kun Guo collected some of the material used in this study and Miss Caiping Liu prepared the micro- FOR KENTUCKY, U.S.A. scope slides. The project is supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant 2 3 4 5 No.30270171, No. 30570214), and National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research Donald C. Tarter, Dwight L. Chaffee, Charles V. Covell Jr., and Sean T. O’Keefe (No. NSFC-J0030092). KEY WORDS: Megaloptera, fishflies, Kentucky, county records, Kentucky, U.S.A. ABSTRACT: New distributional records (74) of larval fishflies are reported for Kentucky. Twenty- LITERATURE CITED five new county records were added for Nigronia serricornis (Say), and forty-two new county records were added for N. fasciatus (Walker), the most widely distributed fishfly in Kentucky (54 Agarwala, B. K. and D. N. Raychaudhuri. 1977. Two new species of aphids (Homoptera: Aphi- counties). These two species were sympatric in 14 streams in eastern Kentucky. One new county didae) from Sikkim, North east India. Entomon 2(1): 77-80. record was added for Neohermes concolor (Davis). Four new county records were noted for Chau- Baker, A. 1920. Generic classification of the hemipterous family Aphididae. Bulletin of the United liodes pectinicornis (Linnaeus), while two new county records were added for C.
    [Show full text]
  • Don't Let Water Quality Bug You out (PDF)
    UI Extension Forestry Information Series II Water Quality No. 8 Don’t Let Water Quality Bug You Out Randy Brooks Using insects to monitor water quality may sound bone (invertebrate). BMI’s inhabit all types of running like something from a Far Side cartoon, but in real- waters, from fast-flowing mountain streams to slow- ity, bugs are a “quick and dirty” method of assessing moving muddy rivers. Examples of aquatic macroin- water quality. The traditional water quality monitor- vertebrates include insects (in their larval or nymph ing approach has been to collect stream water samples form), crayfish, clams, snails, and worms. Most live and have them analyzed for physical and chemical partly or nearly all of their life cycle attached to sub- contaminants. Since water sampling and analysis is merged rocks, logs, and vegetation. expensive, insect monitoring is a more economical and There are three groups (taxa) of BMI’s: quicker method of determining water quality. In the U.S., much as canaries are used in mineshafts, the use • Group one BMI’s are pollution sensitive and of stream organisms as biological indicators of wa- found in good quality water. This group in- ter quality has become widespread over the past few cludes stonefly larvae, caddisfly larvae, water decades. pennies, riffle beetles, mayfly larvae, gilled snails, and dobsonfly larvae. Biological monitoring is used to assess a water body’s • Group Two BMI’s are somewhat pollution environmental conditions. One type of biological tolerant organisms that can be found in good or monitoring is a biological survey or biosurvey (also fair quality water.
    [Show full text]
  • Megaloptera of Canada 393 Doi: 10.3897/Zookeys.819.23948 REVIEW ARTICLE Launched to Accelerate Biodiversity Research
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 819: 393–396 (2019) Megaloptera of Canada 393 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.819.23948 REVIEW ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Megaloptera of Canada Xingyue Liu1 1 Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Corresponding author: Xingyue Liu ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Langor | Received 29 January 2018 | Accepted 2 March 2018 | Published 24 January 2019 http://zoobank.org/E0BA7FB8-0318-4AC1-8892-C9AE978F90A7 Citation: Liu X (2019) Megaloptera of Canada. In: Langor DW, Sheffield CS (Eds) The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 393–396.https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.23948 Abstract An updated summary on the fauna of Canadian Megaloptera is provided. Currently, 18 species are re- corded in Canada, with six species of Corydalidae and 12 species of Sialidae. This is an increase of two species since 1979. An additional seven species are expected to be discovered in Canada. Barcode Index Numbers are available for ten Canadian species. Keywords alderflies, biodiversity assessment, Biota of Canada, dobsonflies, fishflies, Megaloptera The order Megaloptera (dobsonflies, fishflies, and alderflies) is one of the three orders of Neuropterida, and is characterized by the prognathous adult head, the broad anal area of hind wing and the exclusively aquatic larval stages (New and Theischinger 1993). Currently, there are ca. 380 described species of Megaloptera worldwide (Yang and Liu 2010, Oswald 2016). Extant Megaloptera are composed of only two families; Corydalidae, which is divided into Corydalinae (dobsonflies) and Chauliodinae (fish- flies), and Sialidae (alderflies).
    [Show full text]
  • Studies of Mississippi Fishflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae)
    JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 56(3), 1983, pp. 356-364 Studies of Mississippi Fishflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) ABSTRACT:Nigronia serricornis (Say) is reported for the first time in Mississippi and new distributional data are presented for five additional species of Chauliodinae occurring in the state. Neohcrrnc.~concolor (Da- vis) appears to be restricted to northern areas of the state, while iVPo- Izermes matheri Flint, h'igrolzia ,fasciatus (Walker), Nigronia serricornis (Say). C~lzauliodespectinicornis (Linnaeus) and C. rastricornis Rambur are more generally distributed. Keys to adults and larvae are given and genitalic structures are illustrated. With the recent work of D. C. Tarter and colleagues (Tarter et al., 1 976, 1 977, 1979; Tarter and Watkins, 1974; Watkins ct al., 1975), the distribution and seasonal occurrence of eastern nearctic Chauliodinae have become increasingly better known. With the exception of Flint's (1 965) review of Neoherl>zcs,however, no recently published studies have included figures of genitalia. There are perhaps two reasons for this: 1) species in Nigronia and Chauliodc>scan be reliably sep- arated by color patterns, and 2) Hazard's (1960) unpublished study. which in- cluded genitalic figures of Nigronia and ('llau1iode.s species, has apparently been widely circulated. We have undertaken this study to determine more completely the distributions of fishflies in Mississippi and to provide revised keys. based in part on genitalic characters, for species occurring in this area. The following abbreviations indicate collections in which specimens studied are deposited: BM-Bryant Mather Collection, Clinton, Mississippi: BPS-Bill P. Stark Collection: UM-University of Mississippi; NMNH - National Museum of Natural History.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Habitat for Larvae of the Fishfly Chauliodes Pectinicornis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)
    25 BonUteria. Nllmbed. 1m elm lry die Virzinio Nl1lVral HislOrJ Socit-ry A Novel Habitat for Larvae of the Fishfly Chauliodes pectinicornis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) Norman J. Fashing Department of Biology College of William and Mary Williamsburg, Virginia 23187 The fishlly Chauliodes pecrinicomi5 (Linnaeus) is widely larva, their small size allowing them to escape predation. distributed, having been reported from 26 eastern states Ie is presumed that insect larvae present at the time of as well as Quebec (Dolin & Tarter, 1981). The larvae, collection had been consumed. Fishfly larvae are fiercely commonly called hellgrammites, are strong, active predacious, eating almost anything they can subdue predators (Neunzig & Baker, 1991) resrricted to lentic (Chandler, 1956). Scirtid larvae were rherefore collecred habitats with little water movement (Cuyler, 1958). from water-filled treeholes and used as a food source for Larvae have been recorded most commonly from the fishfly larva. The specimen remained concealed in the woodland pools and shaded swamps, but occasional debris consuming scirtid larvae until 29 March 1991, records from open ponds and pools exist (Neunzig & when it was observed moving about on top of the debris. Baker, 1991). That the larvae are well adapted to such On 1 April it metamorphosed to a pupa which remained oxygen-poor habitats as woodland pools is attested by the partially submerged with its head and prothorax above fact that they possess a pair of long, contractile, caudal the water line until it eclosed to an adult on 11 April. If respiratory tubes which enable them to reach the the pupa was removed from its submerged position and air/water interface for gas exchange.
    [Show full text]
  • Megaloptera: Corydalidae), with Description of a New Genus from the Oriental Realm
    中国科技论文在线 http://www.paper.edu.cn Systematic Entomology (2006), 31, 652–670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00346.x Phylogeny of the subfamily Chauliodinae (Megaloptera: Corydalidae), with description of a new genus from the Oriental Realm XINGYUE LIU1 andDING YANG1,2 1Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China and 2Key Laboratory of Insect Evolution and Environment Change, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China Abstract. A new Oriental fishfly genus, Sinochauliodes gen.n., is described, including four species: S. fujianensis (Yang & Yang, 1999) comb.n., S. griseus (Yang & Yang, 1999) comb.n., S. maculosus sp.n. and S. squalidus sp.n. A cladistic analysis based on adult morphological characters clarified the phylogenetic status of the new genus and allowed the reconstruction of the intergeneric relationships of the subfamily Chauliodinae. Two main clades within Chauliodinae were recog- nized from the cladistic analysis. The Asian fishflies, together with the two Nearctic genera, Chauliodes and Nigronia, formed a monophyletic lineage, and the new genus was assigned as the sister group to the genus Parachauliodes. The biogeography of the Asian fishflies is discussed. Introduction Davis (1903) divided his Sialididae into two subfamilies, Sialidinae and Corydalinae, and subsequently van der Weele The subfamily Chauliodinae, in Corydalidae, is a very rich (1909) divided the Corydalinae into two tribes, Neuromini group in Megaloptera, comprising fifteen valid genera and and Chauliodini. Tillyard (1918) elevated Davis’ subfamilies more than 110 species from all over the world. By contrast Sialinae and Corydalinae to families and van der Weele’s with Corydalinae, the adults of Chauliodinae are character- two tribes to subfamily level as Corydalinae and Chaulio- ized by the following features: degenerative postocular plane dinae.
    [Show full text]
  • Friedman's Bugwatch Water Quality Study - an Update
    Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Watershed Access Lab Projects Watershed Access Lab 2004 Friedman's Bugwatch Water Quality Study - An Update Recommended Citation Friedman Middle School, Taunton, Massachusetts (2004). Friedman's Bugwatch Water Quality Study - An Update. In Watershed Access Lab Projects. Project 10. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/wal_projects/10 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. • In October of 2003, net sweep samples were taken from the same locations within Church Brook and Cotley River as was done the last three years. These rivers are two of the many tributaries of the Taunton River. • These net sweep samples were preserved in alcohol over the winter. With instruction from Professor Curry at his biology lab, two groups of students identified the bugs during the winter months. • Bioindex is the way that bugs are classified. The higher the bioindex number, the more tolerant the bug is to contamination. The lower the bioindex number, the less tolerant the bug is to contamination. The bioindex numbers range anywhere from 0.0 to 10.0 • Stonefly @ 2.0 Fishfly @ 2.0 Mayfly @ 4.0 Caddisfly @ 4.0 Beetle @4.0 Aquatic Fly @ 4.0 Scud @ 4.0 & 6.0 Sowbug @ 8.0 Leech @ 10.0 • Stoneflies (order plecoptera) live only in clean water. The sighting of a stonefly is one of the best ways to indicate the quality of water. It is called the stonefly because it is often found lying on stones. There are over 500 species of stoneflies in North America alone, most of which are herbivores, while some eat nothing at all.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 5: Fauna Known to Occur on Fort Drum
    Appendix 5: Fauna Known to Occur on Fort Drum LIST OF FAUNA KNOWN TO OCCUR ON FORT DRUM as of January 2017. Federally listed species are noted with FT (Federal Threatened) and FE (Federal Endangered); state listed species are noted with SSC (Species of Special Concern), ST (State Threatened, and SE (State Endangered); introduced species are noted with I (Introduced). INSECT SPECIES Except where otherwise noted all insect and invertebrate taxonomy based on (1) Arnett, R.H. 2000. American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of North America North of Mexico, 2nd edition, CRC Press, 1024 pp; (2) Marshall, S.A. 2013. Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity, Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY, 732 pp.; (3) Bugguide.net, 2003-2017, http://www.bugguide.net/node/view/15740, Iowa State University. ORDER EPHEMEROPTERA--Mayflies Taxonomy based on (1) Peckarsky, B.L., P.R. Fraissinet, M.A. Penton, and D.J. Conklin Jr. 1990. Freshwater Macroinvertebrates of Northeastern North America. Cornell University Press. 456 pp; (2) Merritt, R.W., K.W. Cummins, and M.B. Berg 2008. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, 4th Edition. Kendall Hunt Publishing. 1158 pp. FAMILY LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE—Pronggillled Mayflies FAMILY BAETIDAE—Small Minnow Mayflies Habrophleboides sp. Acentrella sp. Habrophlebia sp. Acerpenna sp. Leptophlebia sp. Baetis sp. Paraleptophlebia sp. Callibaetis sp. Centroptilum sp. FAMILY CAENIDAE—Small Squaregilled Mayflies Diphetor sp. Brachycercus sp. Heterocloeon sp. Caenis sp. Paracloeodes sp. Plauditus sp. FAMILY EPHEMERELLIDAE—Spiny Crawler Procloeon sp. Mayflies Pseudocentroptiloides sp. Caurinella sp. Pseudocloeon sp. Drunela sp. Ephemerella sp. FAMILY METRETOPODIDAE—Cleftfooted Minnow Eurylophella sp. Mayflies Serratella sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Nematocera: Tipulomorpha) and Its Implications for the Phylogeny of the Tipulomorpha
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 1-1-2016 Comparative Mt genomics of the Tipuloidea (Diptera: Nematocera: Tipulomorpha) and its implications for the phylogeny of the Tipulomorpha Xiao Zhang China Agricultural University Zehui Kang China Agricultural University Meng Mao University of Wollongong, [email protected] Xuankun Li China Agricultural University Stephen L. Cameron Queensland University of Technology, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Zhang, Xiao; Kang, Zehui; Mao, Meng; Li, Xuankun; Cameron, Stephen L.; de Jong, Herman; Wang, Mengqing; and Yang, Ding, "Comparative Mt genomics of the Tipuloidea (Diptera: Nematocera: Tipulomorpha) and its implications for the phylogeny of the Tipulomorpha" (2016). Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A. 4142. https://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/4142 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Comparative Mt genomics of the Tipuloidea (Diptera: Nematocera: Tipulomorpha) and its implications for the phylogeny of the Tipulomorpha Abstract A traditionally controversial taxon, the Tipulomorpha has been frequently discussed with respect to both its familial composition and relationships with other Nematocera. The interpretation of internal relationships within the Tipuloidea, which include the Tipulidae sensu stricto, Cylindrotomidae, Pediciidae and Limoniidae, is also problematic. We sequenced the first complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Symplecta hybrida (Meigen, 1804), which belongs to the subfamily Chioneinae of family Limoniidae, and another five nearly complete mt genomes from the Tipuloidea.
    [Show full text]
  • Macroinvertebrate Indicators of Streamflow Duration
    Macroinvertebrate Indicators of Streamflow Duration A Field Guide to Accompany the Macroinvertebrate Scoring Portion of the Oregon Streamflow Duration Assessment Method Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers & U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation www.xerces.org Celeste A. Mazzacano, Ph.D., Aquatic Conservation Coordinator [email protected] EPHEMEROPTERA: MAYFLIES Larvae (nymphs): elongated body, may be cylindrical or flattened, 3-20 mm (0.1-0.8 in.); tip of abdomen with three (sometimes two) long slender cerci (“tails”); developing forewing pads visible; plate-like, feathery, or fringed gills at sides of abdomen; some types have larger fore-gills that form a shield like cover over other gills; conspicuous eyes; slender antennae Baetidae Heptageniidae (small minnow mayfly) (flathead mayfly) Ephemeridae (common burrower mayfly) Leptophlebiidae (prong gill mayfly) Isonychiidae Caenidae (brush-legged mayfly) (little squaregill mayfly) Ephemerellidae (spiny crawler mayfly) MOLLUSCA: MUSSELS & SNAILS Freshwater mussels, Margaritiferidae (Margaritifera spp), Unionidae Juga snails: dark reddish-brown to black shell, (Anodonta & Gonidea spp.): bivalved shell with two oblong halves; can reach smooth or ridged; pale lines may spiral with >15 cm (6 in.) ; more common in larger rivers with softer substrate coils; 10-30 mm (0.4-1.2 in.) Gonidea angulata Anodonta nuttalliana Margaritifera falcata (western ridged mussel) (winged floater) (western pearlshell) PLECOPTERA: STONEFLIES Larvae (nymphs):
    [Show full text]