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PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. S e r i e s B . CONTAINING PAPERS OF A BIOLOGICAL CHARACTER. VOL. 193. LONDON: PRINTED BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN’S LANE, W.C., printers in ©rbiuarjj to Utajfstjr. N o v e m b e r , 1900. [ »i» ] CONTENTS. (B) VOL. 193. List of Illustrations ....... ....................................... page v A d v ertisem en t............................................................................................................................................... vii List of Institutions entitled to receive the Philosophical Transactions or Proceedings of the Poyal Society..........................................................................................................................................................ix Adjudication of Medals ...............................................................................................................................xvii I. On the Gastric Gland of Mollusca o.nd Decapod Crustacea: its Structure and Functions. By C. A. M acM u n n , M Communicated by Professor M. F oster, Sec.R.S....................................................................page 1 II. Upon the Development of the Enamel in Certain Osseous Fish. C h a r les S. T omes, M.A., F.R.S........................................................................35 III. Extinct Mammalia from Madagascar.—I. Megaladapis insignis, sp. n. C. I. F orsyth M a jo r , M.D., F.Z.S. Communicated, by H enry W oodw ard, LL.D., F.R.S., Pres. Pal. S . ............................................................ 47- IV. Further Observations on the Nature and Functions of the Nodides o f Legu minous Plants. B y M a r ia D a w so n, B.S c. ( and ), 1851 Exhibition Science Research ScholaCommunicated by Professor H. M a rsh a ll W a r d , F .R .S....................................................................................51 V. On Cerebral Ancemia and the Effects which follow Ligation o f the Cerebral Arteries. .By L eonard H il l , M.B., F.R.S. Communicated by Dr. M ott, F.R.S............................................................................................................. 69 i - r J- [ iv ] VI. On theRetinal Currents o f the F ro fs , Excited by Light and Excited Electrically. By A ugustus D. W a l l e r , F.R.S............................ 123 VII. The Exact Histological Localisation of the Visual Area of the Human Cerebral Cortex. B y J oseph S h a w B olton, B.S c., , B.S. (Bond.). Communicated by Dr. M ott, E.R.S ..... 105 VIII. Static Diffusion of Gases and Liqui in relation to the Assimilation of Carbon and Translocation in Plants. By H orace T. B r o w n , LL.D., and F. E s c o m b e , B .S c., F . L . S . ..........................................223 Index to Volume 293 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Plates 1 to 4.— Dr. C. A. M acM u n n on the Gastric Gland of Mollusca and Decapod Crustacea : its Structure and Functions. * Plate 5.—Mr. C. S. Tomes upon the Development of the Enamel in Certain Osseous Fish. Plate 6.— Dr. C. I. F orsyth M a jo r on Extinct Mammalia from Madagascar.—L Megaladapis insignis, sp. n. Plates 7 and 8.— Miss M. D aw son on Further Observations on the Nature and Functions of the Nodules of Leguminous Plants. Plates 9 to 11.—Dr. J. S. B olton on the Exact Histological Localisation of the Visual Area of the Human Cerebral Cortex. [ v ii 3 iiADVERTISEMENT T h e Committee appointed by the Royal Society to direct the publication of the Philosophical Transactions take this opportunity to acquaint the public that it fully appears, as well from the Council-books and Journals of the Society as from repeated declarations which have been made in several former Transactions, that the printing of them was always, from time to time, the single act of the respective Secretaries till the Forty-seventh Volume; the Society, as a Body, never interesting themselves any further in their publication than by occasionally recommending the revival of them to some of their Secretaries, when, from the particular circumstances of their affairs, the Transactions had happened for any length of time to be intermitted. And this seems principally to have been done with a view to satisfy the public that their usual meetings were then continued, for the improvement of knowledge and benefit of mankind : the great ends of their first institution by the Royal Charters, and which they have ever since steadily pursued. But the Society being of late years greatly enlarged, and their communications more numerous, it was thought advisable that a Committee of their members should be appointed to reconsider the papers read before them, and select out of them such as they should judge most proper for publication in the future which was accordingly done upon the 26th of March, 1752. And the grounds of their choice are, and will continue to be, the importance and singularity of the subjects, or the advantageous manner of treating them; without pretending to answer for the certainty of the facts, or propriety of the reasonings contained in the several papers so published, which must still rest on the credit or judgment of their respective authors. It is likewise necessary on this occasion to remark, that it is an established rule of the Society, to which they will always adhere, never to give their opinion, as a Body, [ v5ii ] upon any subject, either of Nature or Art, that comes before them. And therefore the thanks, which are frequently proposed from the Chair, to be given to the authors of such papers as are read at their accustomed meetings, or to the persons through whose hands they received them, are to be considered in no other light than as a matter of civility, in return for the respect shown to the Society by those communications. The like also is to be said with regard to the several projects, inventions, and curiosities of various kinds, which are often exhibited to the Society; the authors whereof, or those who exhibit them, frequently take the liberty to report, and even to certify in the public newspapers, that they have met with the highest applause and approbation. And therefore it is hoped that no regard will hereafter be paid to such reports and public notices; which in some instances have been too lightly credited, to the dishonour of the Society. [ ix ] - 1900. List of I nstitutions e n t itl ed to r e c eiv e t h e P hilosophical T ransactions or P roceedings of t h e R oyal S ociety. Institutions marked a are entitled to receive Philosophical Transactions, Scries A, and Proceedings. „ „ b „ „ „ „ Series B, and Proceedings. „ ,, ab „ „ „ „ Scries A and B, and Proceedings. „ „ /> „ „ Proceedings only. America (Central). | Austria (continued). Mexico. Briinn. p. Sociedad Cientifica “ Antonio Alzate.” ab. Naturforschender Verein. America (North). (See U nited States and Canada.) Gi’atz. America (South). ab. Naturwissenschaftlieher Verein fur Steier- Buenos Ayres. mark. ab. Museo Nacional. Innsbruck. Caracas. ab. Das Ferdinandeum. B. University Library p. NaturAvissenschaftlich - Medicinischer Cordova. Verein. ab. Academia Nacional de Ciencias. Prague. Demerara. ab. Konigliche Bohmische Gesellschaft der p. Royal Agricultural and Commercial Wissenschaften. Society, British Guiana. Trieste. La Plata. b. Museo di Storia Naturale. b. Museo de La Plata. p. Societa Adriatica di Scienze Naturali. Rio de Janeiro. p. Observatorio. Vienna. p. Anthropologische Gesellschaft. Australia. ab. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. Adelaide. p. K.K. Geographische Gesellschaft. p. Royal Society of South Australia. ab. K.K. Geologische Reichsanstalt. Brisbane. B, K.K. Naturhistorisches Hof-Museum. p. Royal Society of Queensland. B. K.K. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft. Melbourne. p. Oesterreichische Gesellschaft fur Meteoro- p. Observatory. logie. p. Royal Society of Victoria. A. Von Kuffner’sche Sternwarte. ab. University Library. Belgium. Sydney. Brussels. p. Australian Museum. B. Academie Royale de Medecine. p. Geological Survey. ab. Academie Royale des Sciences. p. Linnean Society of New South Wales. B. Musee Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de ab. Royal Society of New South Wales. Belgique. ab. University Library, p. Observatoire Royal. Austria. p. Societe Beige de Geologie, de Paleonto- A gram. logie, et d’Hydrologie. p. Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Um- p. Societe Malaeologique de Belgique. jetnosti. Ghent. p. Societas Historico-Naturalis Croatica. ab. Universite. VOL. CXCIII.— B. b [ X J Belgium (continued). England and Wales (continued). Liege. Bolton. ab. Societe des Sciences. p. Public Library. p. Societe Geologique de Belgique. Bristol. Louvain. p. Merchant Venturers’ School. b. Laboratoire de Microscopie et de Biologie ab. University College. Cellulaire Cambridge. ab. Universite. ab. Philosophical Society. Canada. p. Union Society. Fredericton, N.B. Cardiff. p. University of New Brunswick. ab. University College. Halifax, N.S. Cooper’s Hill. p. Nova Scotian Institute of Science. ab. Royal Indian Engineering College. Hamilton. Dudley. p. Hamilton Association. p. Dudley and Midland Geological and Montreal. Scientific Society. ab. McGill University. Essex. p. Natural History Society. p. Essex Field Club Ottawa. Falmouth. ab. Geological Survey of Canada. p. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society. ab. Royal Society of Canada. Greenwich. St. John, N.B. A. Royal Observatory. p. Natural History Society. Kew. Toronto. b. Royal Gardens. p. Astronomical and Physical Society. Leeds. p. Canadian Institute. p. Philosophical Society. ab. University. AB. Yorkshire College. Windsor,